National Referral Mechanism for the Protection of Human Trafficking Victims Annual Report 2020

NATIONAL REFERRAL MECHANISM FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING VICTIMS ANNUAL REPORT 2020

2021

Contents PART A: HUMAN TRAFFICKING VICTIMS WHO CONTINUE TO RECEIVE SERVICES IN 2020 ...... 4 PART B: NEW CASES OF 2020 ...... 7 1. DEMOGRAPHIC DATA OF THE TRAFFICKING VICTIMS – 2020 ...... 8 I. Sex ...... 8 II. Age ...... 8 III. Nationality ...... 9 IV. Residence status of presumed victims referred to the NRM ...... 10 V. Educational level ...... 11 VI. Place of residence in Greece upon detection ...... 12 2. TRAFFICKING ACTS...... 14 3. INFORMATION ON RECRUITMENT ...... 15 I. Country of Recruitment ...... 15 ΙΙ. Means of recruitment ...... 15 III. Information on recruiter/s ...... 16 4. INFORMATION ON THE EXPLOITATION ...... 21 I. Forms of Exploitation ...... 21 II. Biological sex and age of the victims for each form of Exploitation ...... 21 III. Means of control ...... 22 IV. Information on the exploiter/s ...... 24 V. Countries where the exploitation took place ...... 27 VI. Ways of escaping trafficking condition ...... 29 VI. Official recognition as victims of trafficking ...... 31 5. LEGAL PROCEDURES - VICTIM’S PARTICIPATION ...... 32 Victim’s consent to cooperate with the police ...... 32 6. PROTECTION ...... 33 Receiving protection services ...... 33 ANNEX 1 ...... 39

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NATIONAL REFERRAL MECHANISM FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING VICTIMS (JANUARY - DECEMBER 2020)

The present Report for the year 2020 includes the data extracted by the Reporting Forms and the Protection Services’ Monitoring Forms1, submitted to the National Referral Mechanism for the Protection of human trafficking victims (NRM) for the period from January 1st, 2020 to January 31st, 2021, by the participating Actors2. As in the rest of the world, in Greece the greater part of the year 2020 was marked by the restrictive measures against the pandemic. Surely, this affected the Actors’ operation with changes in the services provided as well as in the way these are provided. As it is expected, new technologies were used as much as possible in the cooperation of the professionals with the victims, for the services that could be provided remotely. Nevertheless, the NRM operation support team in EKKA continued to receive information from the NRM participating Actors, in a rate similar to that of 2019, which shows the undiminished response of the front-line professionals, as well as the stability of the cooperation that has been built in the Greek NRM framework. At the same time, the NRM operation support team in EKKA continued to implement training activities, mainly online. During 2020, seventeen (17) two-day adapted trainings were held for case officers of the Asylum Service and professionals of public services, local NGOs and international organizations - (256 professionals in total), while a three-hour targeted informative meeting was held exclusively for the Directors of the Reception and Identification Centres in cooperation with the Reception and Identification Service. The data included in the present report regard victims that were either detected within 2020, or received protection services (as trafficking victims) during the reporting period. The data derived from: a. the reports for trafficking victims that were detected and/or received protection services in the country from January 1st 2020 until December 31st 2020, as well as b. the procedure of monitoring the cases of the victims that were reported to the NRM within 20193 and continued to receive services during the reporting period (2020).

1 Through the services monitoring forms, the Reporting Actors inform EKKA quarterly for the services provided (type, duration etc.) for each victim reported to the Mechanism by them or by the cooperating Actors, in case of referral. 2 See ANNEX, NRM participating Actors List 3 The 2019 report is available on: https://sway.office.com/CZCIlh5PWFObbhQn 2

More specifically, during the NRM’s first year of operation, in 2019, 154 reporting forms for presumed human trafficking victims were received. During 2020, seventy (70) cases of the year 2019 remained «open» - sixty-one (61) of adults and nine (9) of children - as they continued to receive protection services. The first part of the report presents, in short, data for these cases. We remind that human trafficking victims are reported to the Mechanism4, regardless of whether trafficking took place within or outside Greece and independent of the time the trafficking crime took place. The main goal of the report to the NRM is the depiction of the protection services provided to each presumed or officially recognized human trafficking victim, in a way that ensures the most complete protection possible. According to the NRM standard operating procedures (SOPs), following the receipt of a Reporting Form and provided that the adult victim has given consent to be registered in the NRM5, EKKA provides a Registry Number which follows the case, in the course of protection services provision and any referrals, ensuring at the same time, the continuity and sufficiency of those services. Until the report’s publication date, the Public Actors that participate in the NRM, belong to the Ministries of Justice, of Labour and Social Affairs, of Interior, of Migration and Asylum, of Citizen Protection, of Health and of Infrastructure and Transport. Also, the Office of the National Rapporteur on Combating Human Trafficking has invited forty-five (45) Non-Governmental Organisations and International Organisations, to participate in the NRM and following their positive response, today forty- two (42) in total Civil Society Actors and International Organisations are included (see. Annex, p. 39).

4 Including those for whom a recognition act has been issued (officially recognized victims) and those in whose history there are elements that at least one act of trafficking with at least one means has taken place (not in the case of children), with the purpose of - not necessarily having started - their exploitation (presumed victims). 5 We remind that in the case of a child victim, no consent is needed for the inclusion in the NRM, but the victim is informed on it by the Detection Actor. 3

PART A: HUMAN TRAFFICKING VICTIMS WHO CONTINUE TO RECEIVE SERVICES IN 2020

As mentioned, seventy (70) out of the 154 cases of 2019, remained “open” during 2020, and regard sixty-one (61) adults and nine (9) children, victims of human trafficking. Their demographic data are depicted in the following graphs: Demographic data of the victims reported to the NRM in 2019 and continue to receive services in 2020

Biological Sex of Adult Biological Sex of Child Victims Victims

9 2

52 7

Men Women Girls Boys

Age of Victims

14 9 11 2

0-17 18-25 26-35 36-45 over 46

Victims' Country of Origin 44

10 7 5 4

Αfrican Countries Asian Countries European countries Other EU countries Greece outside the EU

The countries of Africa include Cameroon (29 victims), DR Congo, Ghana, Nigeria, Morocco and Sierra Leone. The countries of Asia include Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Bangladesh and Nepal. The EU countries include Bulgaria, Romania, and Latvia. The victims from European countries outside the EU include Moldova and Albania.

In total, “open” cases of 2019 continued to receive in 2020:

First Level Services

Social Support 46

Psychological support 34

Accomodation 30

Medical care 25

Material Assistance 21

Legal Representation 21

Legal Counselling 15

Support in Legal Proceedings 5

Child Protection Services (for the victim's child) 3

Interpretation 0

The range of services received by the victims shows not only their multi-level needs, as well as the long period needed for those to be covered. Many services are provided to the victim, escorted by a professional, in order to facilitate the access to those services. More specifically, the services that the child victims continue to receive in 2020 to meet their current needs, are accommodation, legal counselling and representation, psychological and social support, education (schooling and Greek lessons), medical care and material assistance. We should note that «Interpretation» is depicted separately as a provided service only in cases that the Actor covers

this need with the help of a different Actor and not every time that there is a need for a cooperation with an interpreter of the same Actor, which is connected with the provision of another service (e.g., psychological support with the mediation of an interpreter working for the same Actor). The following graph shows that the protection Actors did not need to seek the assistance of another Actor to ensure the services of an external interpreter, which implies that the Actors run programs for the refugee population and therefore, employ interpreters.

Social Integration Services

Greek language courses 16

Job search support 9

School enrollment 5

Vocational training-Learning of other languages 3

We should note that two adult victims (cases of 2019) were supported in safely returning to their country of origin (EU countries) in 2020. Regarding the residence status of the aforementioned victims, according to the services monitoring forms we received, nine (9) of those reported in 2019 as asylum seekers received the international protection status in 2020, though not necessarily on the ground of human trafficking. Nine (9) victims (who were in a recognition process in 2019) were officially recognised as human trafficking victims in 2020 by the competent Public Prosecutor (cooperating with the Police Authorities). We should note that, in all those cases, trafficking had taken place in Greece. Moreover, an official recognition act as a human trafficking victim was issued to one (1) victim (through the process of the direct submission of two professionals’ opinion to the Prosecutor of First Instance), without a case file having been opened, due to the expiry of the limitation period. Finally, the NRM was informed of the issuance of one (1) residence permit for human trafficking victims.

PART B: NEW CASES OF 2020

Regarding the assessment of the influence of the pandemic on the traffickers’ modus operandi and its impact to the victims’ situation, the data submitted to the NRM do not lead to any concrete conclusion. Global Reports though6, indicate that the pandemic has increased the victims’ vulnerability, made their isolation and control over them easier and led the traffickers to a wider use of internet, either as a recruitment or an exploitation means. Regarding the protection services, restrictions in the access to services and delays in administration of justice were reported globally.

The number of the NRM Reporting Forms reached one hundred and sixty-seven (167) during 2020. They came from State Agencies as well as Civil Society Organisations.

Specifically, forty-five (45) forms were submitted by the following State Agencies: 1. Health Care Units (Hospital) 2. National Centre for Social Solidarity (ΕΚΚΑ) 3. Hellenic Police 4. Asylum Service 5. RIS/RICs-National Public Health Organisation (EODY)7 6. Community Centre – Branch: Migrants Integration Centre 7. Counseling Centres for Violence against Women 8. Health Units SA (ΑΕΜΥ) in Pre-removal Detention Centres (ΠΡΟΚΕΚΑ)

Within the same period, the NRM received a hundred and twenty-two (122) referrals from non- Governmental Actors and International Organizations:

1. Α21 2. ARSIS 3. DANISH REFUGEE COUNCIL (DRC GREECE) 4. DIOTIMA 5. GREEK COUNCIL for REFUGEES 6. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM)

6 We cite indicatively the researches GUIDANCE: Addressing Emerging Human Trafficking Trends and Consequences of the COVID – 19 Pandemic (UN Women/ODIHR OSCE) and IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS (HTMSS/UNODC) 7 These are the psychosocial units of EODY which provide services within the RICs. 7

7. PRAKSIS 8. NEA ZOI-NEW LIFE 9. KMOP - SOCIAL ACTION AND INNOVATION CENTRE 10. THE SMILE OF THE CHILD 11. ZA’ ATAR 12. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

1. DEMOGRAPHIC DATA OF THE TRAFFICKING VICTIMS – 2020

I. Sex Out of the total number of new cases – a hundred and sixty-seven (167) – in 2020, a hundred and thirteen (113) regarded women and girls and fifty-four (54) men and boys (including two cases of transgender persons). It is noted that the majority of the adult victims are women, while in the case of children, the small majority is boys. Regarding women, three (3) were pregnant during the submission of the reporting form, while eight (8) are in Greece with their children. Also, there was a case of a underaged mother with her child.

The graphs depict the biological sex of the trafficking victims.

Biological Sex of Adult Βiological Sex of Child Victims Victims

0 0

15 35 39 78

Men Women Unknown Boys Girls Unknown

II. Age Regarding their age, the majority of the adult victims is between 26 and 35 years old. Seventy- four (74), out of the hundred and sixty-seven (167) reported trafficking victims, are children. Out of

them, three (3) are unaccompanied and for two more it was impossible for the Detection Actor to clarify if they are accompanied or not.

Age of Victims 74

41 31 17 4

0-17 18-25 26-35 36-45 over 46

III. Nationality

Country of Origin of Adult Victims

5 5 4 1 1

African Asian Other EU European Greece Caribbean Stateless Countries Countries Countries countries countries outside the EU

The countries of Africa include Cameroon (26), DR Congo, Ghana, Nigeria, Guinea, Eritrea, Ivory Coast, Zimbabwe, Mauritania, Uganda, Gambia, Congo, Morocco, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Djibouti

and Somalia. The countries of Asia include Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, Iraq, Bangladesh, Syria and Sri Lanka. The victims from non-EU countries came from Albania, Belarus and Moldavia.

Country of Origin of Child Victims

9 6 1 1 1

Bulgaria Greece Romania Albania Guinea Cameroon DR Congo

IV. Residence status of presumed victims referred to the NRM The vast majority of the adult victims registered to the NRM have applied for asulym and is awaiting the examination of their claim. The high number of asylum applicants reported is related to the systematic psychosocial assessment that is carried out within the Reception and Identification Centres in Aegean Islands, as well as the stable and active participation of the Asylum Service in the NRM.

Residence Status-Adult Victims

Asylum application 61

EU citizen 9

Without documents 9

Refugee status 8

Police note 3

Other-visa 3

Residence permit of subsidiary protection 0

Residence permit as THB victim 0

Certificate of submitted documents for residence permit 0

Certificate of submitted documents for residence permit as THB victim 0

Residence permit 0

Legal Residence Status -Child Victims

EU citizen 66 Residence permit 3 Without documents 3 Asylum application 2 Refugee status 0 Police note 0 Certificate of submitted document for residence permit for… 0 Certificate of submitted document for residence permit 0 Residence permit as a THB victim 0 Residence permit of subsidiary protection 0

In the case of adult victims, there were 4 cases of asylum applicants who during the year were granted international protection, though not necessarily on the ground of human trafficking.

The majority of the sixty-six (66) child victims who come from an EU country, come from Bulgaria and Greece, and are victims of exploitation of begging.

V. Educational level

Level of Education of Adult Victims

Primary school 24 Junior High school 20 Senior High School 17 Unknown 16 Higher education 9 Never went to school 6 Other-Doctoral Degree 1 Postgraduate degree 0

Level of Education of Child Victims

Unknown 29 Primary school 14 Does not go to school 10 Senior High school 2 Junior High School 0

The preceding graph only includes school age children, who are 6 years old and over. Nineteen (19) child victims were under 6 years old.

VI. Place of residence in Greece upon detection It must be noted that the reference to the place of residence - as well as the residence status - of the victims refers to the period when they were detected and reported to the NRM. As we can see from the graph, their residence in most of the cases is within the framework of the asylum applicants’ reception (RICs and accommodation facilities handled by NGOs within the framework of the ESTIA programme).

Place of Accomodation in Greece-Adult Victims

Reception and Identification Centre 29 Accomodation facility managed by NGOs (ESTIA / HELIOS 21 programme)

Hosted by a third person 19

Rented house 11

Homeless 5

No residence-in custody 4

Shelter for women victims of violence 2

Shelter only for THB victims 2

Accommodation facility for unaccompanied children 0

Refugee Site 0

Homeless-protective custody (for children) 0

Unknown 0 12

Place of Accomodation in Greece-Child Victims

Hosted by a third person 64

Accomodation facility managed by NGOs 5

Reception and Identification Centre 1

Accommodation facility for unaccompanied children 1

Refugee Site 1

Rented house 1

Unknown 1

Shelter only for THB victims 0

Shelter for women victims of violence 0

Homeless-in protective custody (for minors) 0

No residence-in custody 0

Homeless 0

The majority of child victims of trafficking, that upon detection were still under exploitation, mainly forced to beg, reside in apartments rented by their escorts – allegedly their parents, where more than one family reside.

2. TRAFFICKING ACTS The following graph depicts the trafficking acts that took place, as derived from the history of the victims reported to the NRM. We should note that in every case more than one acts may have taken place as indicated below (e.g., recruitment, followed by transport and reception and harboring).

Human trafficking actions-Adult Victims 93 89 62

15 15

Recruitment Harbouring Cross-border Transportation Reception transfer within Greece

Human trafficking actions-Child Victims 74 71

41 28 21

Recruitment Harbouring Cross-border Reception Transportation transfer within Greece

We should note that for the majority of the child victims exploited in begging, their detection – based on strong indications of trafficking - took place during street-work, which entails an objective inability of a detailed history to be taken, taking also under consideration, according to the streetworkers, the reluctance of the child victims to reveal part of their history, mainly regarding their transport/transfer.

3. INFORMATION ON RECRUITMENT

I. Country of Recruitment The recruitment is one of the basic elements of human trafficking, which must be examined in depth, as it helps us to better understand the phenomenon. The recruitment means, along with the purpose of exploitation, reveal important information that can help the early identification of a victim and can be used for the prevention of the crime, through bringing awareness to vulnerable groups so that they can avoid being trapped during recruitment attempts. Similar to 2019, the recruitment in most cases took place in the country of origin. The category «Greece» refers to cases of citizens of other countries that were recruited in Greece and not victims of Greek citizenship, who are counted for in those recruited in their “Country of Origin”.

Location of recruitment

18 4 Country of origin 22 Greece Other country Unknown 123

ΙΙ. Means of recruitment We should stress that usually more than one means of recruitment are used. We also note that in the case of adult victims, the most frequently used means of recruitment is deception, followed by the abuse of the person’s vulnerability, which was also recorded as the main risk factor in the 2019 NRM Report.

Means of recruitment-Adult Victims 4 Coercion 0 4 Deception 60 18 Exploitation of vulnerability

Giving or receiving payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having 71 control over another person Abuse of power

Unknown

The following graph depicts data that regard child victims, even though in their case, the detection of trafficking means is not required. Nevertheless, the relevant data is useful for understanding the specific ways of action during children’s recruitment. It is obvious that childhood is by definition a vulnerability exploited by the recruiters, while the “abuse of power” is connected to the exploitation by the parents, mainly in cases of exploitation of begging.

Means of recruitment-Child Victims

Coercion 1 6 61 Deception 1

Exploitation of vulnerability 0 66 Giving or receiving payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person Abuse of power

Unknown

III. Information on recruiter/s The following graphs depict information regarding the profile of the recruiters and their relation to the victims. In fifty-four (54) cases out of the one hundred and sixty-seven (167) cases that recruitment was noted as an act, the recruiters were two (2) persons.

Biological Sex of recruiter Age of recruiters 4 15 18-25 90 76 26-35 92 36-45 Women 114 46-55 Men 56-65 14 36 Unknown 0 1 over 65

Recruiter's and victim's This graph shows how often the nationality nationality of the victim is the same as the nationality of the recruiter.

Same This finding is in alignment with the finding that recruitment often takes 161 Different 18 place in the country of origin. One

42 could say that recruitment by a co- Unknown national is a trafficking trend.

Regarding the relationship of the recruiter/s with the adult victims, we can see that for a percentage higher than 50% those were not persons unknown to the victim. In seventeen (17) cases of adults’ recruitment, two (2) recruiters were mentioned.

Relationship between the recruiter and the victim

Person unknown to the victim 45 Acquaintance 18 Unknown 11 Friend 8 Spouse 7 Member of the community 6 Partner 5 Parent 4 Other relative 4 Other-Employment Agency 2 Victim's child 0

In the case of child victims, a high number can be observed in the category «alleged parent or other relative» as it was preferred for that to be a separate category, since most of them regard cases of begging, which were detected during street-work. These cases need to be further examined by the Authorities, regarding the exploitation conditions as well as the perpetrators, since it is probable for the (alleged) parents or other relatives to be or have been victims themselves. There were thirty-seven (37) cases of child victims with two (2) recruiters.

Relationship between the recruiter and the child victim

Other -Alleged parent/alleged relative 79 Unknown 13 Parent 11 Other relative 3 Friend 2 Person unknown to the victim 2 Acquaintance 1 Child 0 Spouse 0 Partner 0 Member of the community 0

The following graph depicts the roles of the persons taking part in trafficking. In the majority of the cases, recruiter/s and exploiter/s are the same persons, which leads to the conclusion of operating as non-organized groups, as these have separate roles for all involved.

Recruiter's role 131

47 32 11

Involved both in recruitment Involved both in recruitment Unknown Involved only in recruitment and exploitation and transportation

We should note that in fifty-four (54) cases, two (2) recruiters were mentioned, whose vast majority (thirty-three-33), as shown in the following graph, were partners/spouses.

Relationship between the recruiters

2 4 4

Couple Relatives Friends Acquaintances Unknown

4. INFORMATION ON EXPLOITATION In the majority of the cases (144) the victims were exploited for the first time. For thirteen (13) victims their exploitation was not the first one (including 3 children). This information was unspecified in ten (10) cases.

I. Forms of Exploitation Sexual exploitation remains the main form of exploitation in the NRM reported cases of 2020. In six (6) cases, the victims were subjected to multiple forms of exploitation. In regards to the adult victims there were four (4) such cases referring to sexual and labour exploitation (agricultural and industrial sector, housework/care of persons and slavery8). In the case of children victims there were two cases of begging combined with the exploitation of criminal activities.

Forms of exploitation 75 73

2 1 0 0 0

Sexual Exploitation of Labour Exploitation of Slavery Removal of Forced Recruitment in exploitation begging exploitation criminal organs, cells marriage armed conflict activities and tissues

II. Biological sex and age of the victims for each form of Exploitation As we can see in the graph, sexual exploitation concerns women in the majority of the cases (we should note that one person recorded as male is transgender), which confirms that it is a form of gender violence.

8 Slavery regarded the trading (purchase) of the victim, which was classified as such and it refers to the exercise any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership over the person as stated in the article 1, para.1 of the International Slavery Convention (1926). 21

Adults-Biological Sex and forms of exploitation

Men

12 9 4 3 Women 0 1 0

Sexual Exploitation Labour Exploitation Exploitation of begging Slavery

Children-Biological Sex and forms of exploitation

2 Exploitation of Criminal Activities 0

4 Sexual Exploitation 0

31 Exploitation of Begging 39

Girls Boys

III. Means of control Based on the data, we can see that during exploitation the means of control are usually more than one. Coercion and abuse of vulnerability seem to be the most common. 22

Nevertheless, in the case of children, another means of control is the abuse of power, since it is connected with the exploitation of children from a relative, as shown below. In relation to the means of exploitation of children, everything mentioned regarding the means of recruitment is here also valid.

Means of Control-Adult victims

22 2 1 0

Coercion Exploitation of Deception Abuse of power Giving or receiving Unknown vulnerability payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person

Means of Control- Child Victims 66 59 54

2 1 0

Exploitation of Abuse of power Coercion Deception Giving or receiving Unknown vulnerability payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person

IV. Information on the exploiter/s The following graphs show information regarding the exploiters’ profile as well as their relation to the victims.

Biological Sex of exploiter

Men

Women 131 95 Unknown

While in the initial phase of the recruitment it seems that the main trend regards the involvement of the victim in a more covered and seemingly non-violent way (deceit by people of the same nationality), in the exploitation phase the percentage is divided between those who have a different and those of the same nationality as the victim’s and the most common means of control is coercion, in order to bend the victim’s will, after they have realized the exploiter’s/s’ real purpose. In sixty-six (66) cases two (2) persons were referred as exploiters (26 cases of adults and 40 cases of children). In most cases of common nationality of the victims and the exploiters, this is related to children forced by the (alleged) parent or (alleged) relative to beg.

Victim's and exploiter's nationality

Same Different 40 Unknown 42

Child victim's and exploiter's nationality

108

Same Different Unknown 5 1

In the majority of adult victims, the exploiter/s are people unknown to them.

Relationship between the exploiter and the victim

Person unknown to the victim 67 Acquaintance 13 Unknown 13 Spouse 7 Partner 6 Other relative 5 Parent 3 Friend 2 Member of the community 1 Other- Smuggler 1 Other 1 Siblings 0 Child 0

Relationship between the exploiter and the child victim

Other - alleged parent/alleged relative 91 Parent 11 Unknown 4 Other relative 3 Friend 2 Person unknown to the victim 2 Acquaintance 1 Partner 0 Spouse 0 Siblings 0 Child 0

As in the case of child victims’ recruitment, there is a high number in the category «alleged parent or other relative», since most of them were detected during streetwork. These cases need to be further examined by the Authorities regarding the exploitation conditions as well as the perpetrators. In the majority of the cases that there was more than one person involved in the exploitation, their relation to the second exploiter is that of a spouse/partner.

Couple Relationship between exploiters

Relatives 6 Friends 38 6 Acquaintances 4 Unknown 11 Other- unknown to each other 1

V. Countries where the exploitation took place We should note that for the child trafficking victims detected in 2020, Greece was the country of exploitation, since a great number of them are victims of forced begging, detected during streetwork. Respectively, the high percentage of adult victims who were exploited outside Greece regards the victims - asylum applicants that were exploited either in their country of origin or during the journey to Greece. Three of the adult victims with Greek citizenship were exploited in Greece while one (1) abroad.

Location of exploitation for adult victims

61 Greece

Abroad

Greece and Abroad 27 4

Location of exploitation for child victims

72 Greece

Abroad

Greece and Abroad 0 2

In almost all the cases where the exploitation of children took place in Greece, the form of exploitation was the exploitation of begging (sixty-one- 61).

The graph depicts cases of victims - adults and children - whose exploitation took place in Greece or in Greece and abroad, showing only the form that took place in Greece.

Adults and forms of exploitation in Greece

0 Sexual exploitation 21

4 Labour exploitation 3

0 Exploitation of begging 3 Men Women

Children and forms of exploitation in Greece

0 Sexual exploitation 2

0 Exploitation of criminal activities 2

39 Exploitation of begging 31

Boys Girls

Adults and forms of exploitation outside Greece

4 Sexual exploitation 50

8 Labour exploitation 2

1 Slavery 0

Men Women

Two (2) girls who were detected in Greece had been subjected to sexual exploitation in a different country.

VI. Ways of escaping trafficking condition Out of the one hundred and sixty-seven (167) victims reported to the NRM during this period, ninety-seven (97) have escaped the trafficking condition, while for twenty-three (23) cases it was unknown to the Detection Actor if the victim has cut ties with their exploiters, until the date of reporting to the NRM.

Escape from trafficking -Adult Victims

3 2 Yes

88 Unknown

Escape from trafficking- Child Victims

Yes 9 21 No

44 Unknown

Most of the adult victims had already escaped their exploitation upon detection. On the contrary, the majority of children were identified as victims, while they were still under exploitation, as they were detected by streetwork teams to be begging. For the ninety-seven (97) victims who have escaped trafficking, the ways of escape were the following:

Ways of Escape-Adults

Escaped by themselves 46

Escaped with the help of another person 30

Released by the trafficker 7

Authorities intervention 2

Victim's arrest 1

Other-Hospitalization in a Health Unit 1

Unknown 1

Trafficker's arrest 0

Debt payoff 0

Intervention of Social Workers / streetworkers 0

Ways of Escape- Child Victims

Authorities intervention 4 Escaped with the help of another person 4 Escaped by themselves 3 Released by the trafficker 1 Trafficker's arrest 0 Debt payoff 0 Intervention of Social Workers / streetworkers 0 Victim's arrest 0 Unknown 0

Based on the aforementioned data, it can be deduced that the escape of the victim on their own is the most common way for adults, but less possible in the case of children victims, for whom it is of paramount importance for the Authorities to intervene in order to save them.

For three (3) of the children saved with the Authorities’ intervention, there had been a complaint by citizens.

VI. Official recognition as victims of trafficking The official recognition of a trafficking victim is based on a Public Prosecutor’s Act. The cases that are not in the recognition (characterization) process are mainly cases that the exploitation has taken place in the past and in a different country. The category “Unknown” possibly includes cases that are not in the official recognition process, but further search on the case was not possible. There were no cases in which a reflection period was granted.

Recognition as a victim of trafficking

Recognition (without cooperation with the Police ) 0 Recognition (in cooperation with the Police) 4 In recognition process 6 No recognition process has been initiated 76 Unknown 81

5. LEGAL PROCEDURES - VICTIM’S PARTICIPATION

Victim’s consent to cooperate with the police The consent to cooperate with the police only concerns adult victims. Usually, based on the reports, there is a refusal to cooperate with the police for crimes committed outside Greece.

Victim's consent to cooperate with the police

28 37

Yes No Unknown

6. PROTECTION

Receiving protection services The following graph depicts the number of victims that were reported to the NRM within 2020 (new cases) and received protection services by the Actors that participate in the Mechanism throughout the year. Sixty (60) victims did not receive protection services, either because the victims declared that they do not wish to receive protection services (in two cases), either because the Detection Actor did not provide protection services or those that the victim needed (13 cases). According to the NRM SOPs, in that case, the Detection Actor refers the victim to a protection actor, depending on the victim’s needs (in 3 cases within 2020) or, if the communication with a different Actor is not possible, informs the victim about the protection actors they can contact. Forty-four (44) children, victims of exploitation of begging, detected through streetwork, did not receive protection services and could not be referred for services, due to their absolute dependence on the exploiters and the fact that they had not escaped exploitation.

Protection Services

107

Yes No

The following graphs show in light blue the beginning of the provision of services to the victims, starting on their detection and identification as (presumed) human trafficking victims, namely deriving from the Reporting Forms, and in dark blue the beginning of the services provided following detection, throughout the year, based on the monitoring forms for the protection they received in the country. For example, accommodation, was deemed necessary and was provided to fourteen (14) victims upon detection and to sixteen (16) after detection and during the year. 33

First level services:

Social support 77

Psychological support 58

Medical care 25 11

Accomodation 14 16

Legal counselling 21

Material Assistance 20

Legal representation 15 1

Interpretation 10

Support in appointing a guardian 8

Support in legal proceedings 0

Child protection services (for the victim's children) 0

Social Integration services:

Job search support 5 3

School enrollment 5 3

Vocational training-Learning of other languages 4

Greek language course 1 2

Vocational Rehabilitation

Drug/Alcohol Rehabilitation Programme

Support in voluntary return or Resettlement in a Third country:

upon identification Relocation to a Third Country during the Support in voluntary return 4 year

The following graphs regard all cases that receive services during 2020 (including the 2019 cases that remained “open”). The complete depiction of the services provided shows the need for their availability, and the respective response of the protection actors.

First Level Services Social support 123 Psychological support 92 Medical care 71 Accomodation 60 Material Assistance 41 Legal representation 37 Legal Counselling 36 Interpretation 13 Support in legal procedures 10 Support in appointing a guardian 8 Child protection services (for the victim's children) 3

As it can be deduced from the graph above, the services provided to the victims mainly regard social support, which was provided either by the Actors themselves, if possible, or through a referral to other actors. It is though, obvious, that this is a need of the victims that should be immediately covered. Social support is followed by psychological support and medical care. It must be clarified that «Interpretation» is counted as a service provided only in cases that the protection actor covers this need with the aid of a different one and not when protection services are offered with the cooperation of an interpreter within the same actor (e.g., psychological support with the aid of an interpreter working for the Agency). The escort of the victims by an Actor’s professional to facilitate the access to services is important. During 2020, the service of escort is reported by the Actors in forty-six (46) cases, the majority of which regarded the provision of medical care.

Social Integration Services

Greek language course 19

Job search support 17

School enrollment 13

Vocational training-learning of other languages 7

Vocational Rehabilitation 4

Drug/Alcohol Rehabilitation Programme 0

Support in Voluntary Return or Resettlement in a Third Country

Resettlement in a third country 0

Support in voluntary return 6

The State (incl. Municipalities) and Non-Governmental Organisations that provided protection services to victims of trafficking from January until December 2020, either after they identified a victim themselves or after a referral by the Detection actor, based on the Reporting and Protection Services Monitoring Forms that were submitted to NRM throughout this period are:

Social Support A21, ARSIS, COMMUNITY CENTRE (MUNICIPALITY of ACHARNES), DIOTIMA, GREEK COUNCIL FOR REFUGEES, HEALTH UNITS SA (AEMY), KMOP, METADRASI, MIGRANT INTEGRATION CENTRE (CITY OF ATHENS), NATIONAL CENΤRE for SOCIAL SOLIDARITY, NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH ORGANIZATION/RIC, NEA ZOI-NEW LIFE, NETWORK for CHILDREN’S RIGHTS, ONE CHILD-ONE WORLD, PRAKSIS, SALVATION ARMY, SHELTER FOR WOMEN VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE (CITY OF ATHENS- GSDFPGE), SOLIDARITY NOW, THE SMILE OF THE CHILD, UNHCR, ZEUXIS

Psychological Support A21, ΑΝΚΑ (MUNICIPALITY OF KARDITSA), ARSIS, DIOTIMA, GENERAL HOSPITAL-KOS, GREEK COUNCIL FOR REFUGEES, HELLENIC POLICE (Anti-Trafficking Department), INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM), KLIMAKA (DAY CENTER ‘’IOLAOS’’), KMOP- MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES (MSF), NATIONAL CENΤRE FOR SOCIAL SOLIDARITY, NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH ORGANIZATION/RIC, NEA ZOI- NEW LIFE, PRAKSIS, SALVATION ARMY, SHELTER FOR WOMEN VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE (CITY OF ATHENS- GSDFPGE), SOS CHILDREN'S VILLAGES, THE SMILE OF THE CHILD, ZEUXIS Legal Advice Α21, ARSIS, DIOTIMA, GREEK COUNSIL FOR REFUGEES (GCR), HIAS, IOM, METADRASI, NETWORK FOR CHILDREN’S RIGHTS, PRAKSIS, SOLIDARITY NOW, THE SMILE OF THE CHILD, ZEUXIS Accommodation

Α21, NATIONAL CENTRE FOR SOCIAL SOLIDARITY, NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH ORGANIZATION (SHELTER FOR PERSON WITH HIV), SOCIAL WELFARE CENTRE ΟF ATTIKA PERFECTURE-CHILD PROTECTION BRANCH, RECEPTION AND IDENTIFICATION CENTRE, SHELTER FOR WOMEN VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE (CITY OF ATHENS-GSDFPGE), THE SMILE OF THE CHILD ESTIA PROJECT: ARSIS, MUNICIPALITY OF HERAKLION, MUNICIPALITY OF KARDITSA, NOSTOS, PRAKSIS HELIOS PROJECT: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION PROGRAMME FOR UNACCOMPANIED MINORS: METADRASI, ZEYXIS Greek Learning Courses A21, ARSIS, DAMARIS SOCIAL HOUSE, IOM, NATIONAL CENTRE FOR SOCIAL SOLIDARITY, MELISSA, METADRASI, ONE CHILD-ONE WORLD, SAO ASSOCIATION HELLAS, THE SMILE OF THE CHILD, VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, ZEUXIS Medical Care ATHENS MUNICIPAL HEALTH CLINICS, BABEL, GREEK RED CROSS, HEALTH UNITS SA, KLIMAKA, LIGHT WITHOUT BORDERS, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH ORGANIZATION/RIC, NEA ZOI-NEW LIFE, NHS - GENERAL HOSPITAL (KOS, CHIOS, «ALEXANDRA», «SYGGROS», «EGINITIO», «ELENA»), NHS - HEALTH CENTRE (MUNICIPALITY OF AGIOI ANARGYROI, THESSALONIKI, EVOSMOS), NHS - LOCAL HEALTH UNITS (TO.M.Y.) (AGIOI ANARGYROI, PYLIS AXIOU), SOCIAL PHARMACY (MUNICIPALITY OF ILION), THE SMILE OF THE CHILD, PRAKSIS, ROWING TOGETHER Job search Support

Α21, ARSIS, CITY OF ATHENS, NATIONAL CENTRE FOR SOCIAL SOLIDARITY, NEA ZOI-NEW LIFE, ΟΑΕΔ, SHELTER- CITY OF ATHENS (GSDFPGE), COMMUNITY CENTRE- MUNICIPALITY of ACHARNES, KMOP

Vocational Rehabilitation

Α21, ARSIS 37

Assistance in Voluntary Return

Α21, NATIONAL CENTRE FOR SOCIAL SOLIDARITY, HELLENIC POLICE

Material Support

A21, ARSIS, COMMUNITY CENTRE (MUNICIPALITY of ACHARNES), HEALTH UNITS SA, NATIONAL CENTRE FOR SOCIAL SOLIDARITY, NEA ZOI-NEW LIFE, ONE CHILD-ONE WORLD, PRAKSIS, RECEPTION AND IDENTIFICATION CENTRE, SALVATION ARMY, SHELTER FOR WOMEN VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE (CITY OF ATHENS-GSDFPGE), THE SMILE OF THE CHILD

It is important to mention that, according to NRM SOPs, EKKA designates for each case the Reference Actor, taking under consideration the duration and frequency of cooperation with the victim. So, the actor that provides psychosocial support, accommodation or legal support is usually designated as a Reference Actor.

ANNEX 1

Organisations that participate in the NRM until today:

STATE AGENCIES

1. MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS:  Labour Inspectorate Body  General Secretariat for Demography and Family Policy and Gender Equality  Counselling Centres for Women Victims of Violence  Shelters for Women Victims of Violence  Social Welfare Centres of Prefectures  National Centre for Social Solidarity 2. MINISTRY OF INTERIOR – LOCAL AUTHORITY:  Community Centres of Municipalities 3. MINISTRY OF JUSTICE:  Offices of Juvenile Probation and Social Welfare 4. MINISTRY OF CITIZEN PROTECTION:  Hellenic Police 5. MINISTRY OF MIGRATION AND ASYLUM:  Asylum Service  Reception and Identification Service 6. MINISTRY OF HEALTH:  Health Districts, Health Centres, Local Health Units  National Public Health Organization-EODY  Institute of Child Health  Health Units SA  Drug Rehabilitation Centre of Attica Psychiatric Hospital: “18 ANO”  KETHEA (THERAPY CENTER FOR DEPENDENT INDIVIDUALS) 7. MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND TRANSPORT:  Civil Aviation Authority

NON-GOVERNMENTAL AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS

1. Α 21 Campaign 2. ACTION AID 3. AGALIA 39

4. APOSTOLI (Holy Archdiocese of Athens) 5. ARSIS 6. BABEL-Mental Health Unit for Immigrants 7. CARITAS HELLAS 8. DAMARIS SOCIAL HOUSE 9. DANISH REFUGEE COUNCIL (DRC GREECE) 10. DIOTIMA-CENTRE FOR RESEARCH ON WOMEN’S ISSUES 11. EQUAL RIGHTS BEYOND BORDERS 12. GENERATION 2.0 FOR RIGHTS, EQUALITY &DIVERSITY 13. GREEK COUNCIL FOR REFUGEES 14. GREEK RED CROSS 15. HOPE SPOT 16. HUMAN RIGHTS 360 17. HIAS 18. INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SERVICE 19. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM) 20. KLIMAKA 21. KMOP-SOCIAL ACTION and INNOVATION CENTER 22. METADRASI-ACTION FOR MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT 23. Médecins du Monde (MDM) Greek Delegation 24. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Greek Delegation 25. MedIn – Medical Intervention 26. MELISSA-NETWORK OF FEMALE MIGRANTS IN GREECE 27. NEA ZOI-NEW LIFE SUPPORT AND REHABILITATION OF PERSONS WORKING IN PROSTITUTION 28. NETWORK for CHILDREN’S RIGHTS 29. ONE CHILD, ONE WORLD 30. PRAKSIS 31. RED UMBRELLA ATHENS-POSITIVE VOICE: HIV-POSITIVE PERSONS ASSOCIATION 32. REFUGEE SUPPORT IN THE AEGEAN (RSA) 33. SALVATION ARMY INTERNATIONAL 34. SOLIDARITY NOW 35. SOS CHILDREN’S VILLAGES 36. SYNYPARXIS-ECUMENICAL REFUGEE PROGRAMΜΕ 37. TERRE DES HOMMES HELLAS 38. THE SMILE OF THE CHILD 40

39. UNHCR 40. UNION OF WOMEN ASSOCIATIONS OF HERAKLION PREFECTURE 41. ZA’ ATAR 42. ZEUXIS