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A JOAQUIN MILLER CHRONOLOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY AND STUDY GUIDE 1 A JOAQUIN MILLER CHRONOLOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY AND STUDY GUIDE By Margaret Guilford-Kardell and Scott McKeown Edited by Glennys Christie (Publisher, Location, Date…) © 2006 Margaret Guilford-Kardell and Scott McKeown 2 DEDICATION This publication is dedicated to every soul who has ever discovered, clipped, copied, typed, filed or indexed any of Joaquin Miller’s work or public comment about him – with or without citations. CAVEAT “No man has a right to express an opinion of Joaquin Miller until he has read his works and read them well from end to end." William M. F. Round The Independent New York, December 5, 1872 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Margaret Guilford-Kardell (1920-) began this presentation in the 1980s at the urging of Corinne Graves Hoffpauir (1916-1989), who had discovered some early previously undocumented Miller poems. Guilford-Kardell was prodded on and encouraged by fellow Shasta County historians Hazel McKim and Joe Mazzini; without the latter’s word processing skills this project could not have been envisioned. Then bibliographer Hensley Woodbridge (1923-2001) saw a draft copy at a Jack London symposium and urged its completion. In May of 1991 Dr. Ray C. Longtin, Miller’s bibliographer of the 20th century, read the manuscript and encouraged Guilford-Kardell to continue in an academic climate then still in denial of the importance of Joaquin Miller in both Western Literature and Western History. In the years of research before the advent of today’s web sites Guilford-Kardell met or corresponded with many historians and librarians etc. who were often succeeded by others during the course of this project. Among these helpful people were Susan M. Allen, former and now Carrie Marsh present, Head, Special Collections, The Honnold Library, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA; Eleanor Brown, former Executive Secretary, Siskiyou County Historical Society, Yreka, CA; Robert Chandler, Wells Fargo History Room, San Francisco, CA; J. Fraser Cocks, Curator, Special Collections, The Library, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR; Cathy Coldren, Bellingham Public Library, Bellingham, WA; Shawna Fleming, Editorial Assistant, Mark Twain Project, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, CA; Dale Forster of Portland, OR for sharing his private collection; Dennis Freeman, Director, Library and Media Services, College of the Siskiyous, Weed, CA; Charlolet Gaston, Whatcom County Library, Bellingham, WA; Fred Granata, Portland, OR; Sara S. Hodson, Curator of Literary Manuscripts, The Huntington Library, San Marino, CA; Bill Jones, Head, Special Collections, Meriam Library, California State University, Chico, CA; Russ Kingman (deceased) and Winnie Kingman, Jack London Bookstore, Glen Ellen, CA; Jacqueline Koenig, Carefree, AZ for a list of her private collection; Gary Kurutz, Principal Librarian, Sybil Zemetis retired Reference Librarian, and now Karen Paige, Reference Librarian Special Collections Branch, Library-Courts Bldg., Sacramento, CA; Bénet Leigh of Rohnert Park, CA; for her Witt family genealogy; William Miesse, Art Historian,Mt. Shasta, CA; David Milholland, President Oregon Cultural Heritage Commission OCHC, Portland, OR; Oregon Historical Society, Portland, OR; Jayne Primrose, Museum Manager Grant County Historical Museum and Dennis C. Smith of the Historical Society, Canyon City, OR; Tim Pyatt, Special Collections Librarian, The Library, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR; Peter A. Smith, Online Services Coordinator, Western Washington University, Wilson Library, Bellingham, WA; William W. Sturm, former Librarian, Oakland History Room, Oakland Public Library, Oakland, CA; Washington State Historical Society, Tacoma, WA; Fred Welcome, Director, Shasta State Historic Park, Shasta, CA; Marty West, former Head of the Lane County Museum, Eugene, OR; and ever so many more kind people. Susan Goodwin, Portland, Oregon, deserves separate recognition for her considerable research. 4 In 2004 Margaret Guilford-Kardell and Scott McKeown decided to merge their massive Miller bibliographies into one document to be equally available to and usable by both Joaquin Miller scholars and aficionados (and, of course, aficionadas). Fortunately Margaret’s long time friend, editor and burgeoning Miller enthusiast Glennys Christie (BA, UBC, English Literature; MA Stanford University, Journalism and Communication) was able to bring her lifetime of editorial experience as editor/publisher of several community newspapers over the years to this monumental effort. Without her understanding and love of literature and editorial background from early print to online editing, this bibliography would never have seen the light of day. As noted elsewhere, her journalist daughter Alix Christie worked on the 1985 special edition of True Bear Stories and her well-known poet daughter, A.V. Christie, has been invited to read at Joaquin Miller’s Cabin in Rock Creek Park in Washington, D.C. Hopefully, you too, as you read this Miller study guide and bibliography, can write something about Joaquin Miller or find something in your local archives that should be included in this bibliography; you can send it to http://www.joaquinmiller.com/bibliography.htm (discussions???) to share with everyone. 5 ABOUT THE AUTHORS Margaret Guilford-Kardell Joaquin Miller’s most ardent truth seeker was born seven years after his death and lived her youth hiking to his nearby “Hights” while learning Columbus in grade school. A whole lifetime passed after her graduation from U.C.Berkeley with a B.S. in then Agricultural Economics – now Natural Resources – and then an M.S. from the University of Tennessee. Only in the 1970s after a life abroad did she accidentally discover that Joaquin was telling the truth about the Indians where she then lived on the McCloud River. For the past 30 years she has been ferreting out more truth about him and his influence on his era, all the while sharing her knowledge and enthusiasm with others. Scott McKeown Scott has maintained an active general real estate law practice since his admission to the Oregon State Bar in 1985 and has devoted approximately 20 per cent of his legal career to the practice of juvenile law. He is on the board of directors of Innovative Housing, Inc., a non- profit provider of low-income housing. His education includes a Juris Doctorate from Lewis and Clark College, Northwestern School of Law 1985, a Masters Degree in Business Administration from Portland State University 1983 and a Bachelor of Science in Political Science from the University of Oregon 1971. Scott’s motivation for undertaking a bibliography began with his student film project, a documentary on Cincinnatus. The historic research would help him get the story right. Then, he found that when he told people of Joaquin’s multiple adventures he was often met with skepticism. The bibliography will assuage some of this disbelief and provides hard evidence that the stories the film tells really happened. Scott appreciates that Margaret Guilford- Kardell’s contribution to this bibliography eclipses his. He is thankful that she credited him with co-authorship rather relegating him to the acknowledgments. 6 PREFACE In Margaret Guilford-Kardell’s childhood, Joaquin Miller was a “given.” Now we find he is being rediscovered and described just as the blind men described the elephant. Margaret nearing 86, and Scott McKeown father of three children hasten to help set Miller’s records straight for future generations. Early on, Miller was identified as a poet. He was lauded and criticized for his poetry and his prose. No one seems to have considered or analyzed Miller as a journalist, or as an essayist or for what he was saying, or for the history he mentioned. In 1980 Dr. Ray C. Longtin began to sense “... a subtle undercurrent of rethinking about this eccentric man.” He suggested that “perhaps, for reasons other than his poetry, Miller deserves re-study." Bill Miesse, California art historian, has read more of Miller’s works than most. His assessment of Joaquin Miller agrees with ours. We feel that Joaquin Miller had a “timeless point of view on civil rights and environmental issues, and was directly in touch with the elements of nature." Among today's literati, Alan Rosenus has started to reintroduce scholars and students to Miller through scholarly articles and in reprints of Life Amongst the Modocs: Unwritten History, which Rosenus terms Miller’s best work and which he clearly identifies as a novel. William Everson has identified Miller as the archetype of Far Western literature, and has found an 1870 poem from Miller”s diary which he considers a totally “achieved” poem. So, finally Miller has been recognized by the literary establishment. But critics of these reprints still chatter about Miller”s style and lifestyle, all on the basis of a few works or even just one work that chances to hand. Miller started writing notes and poems to editors years before he spent two winters in college. Later, his articles in newspapers and magazines far exceeded his output of poems or books, if you discount reprints. He also served some time as an editor. Only fleeting passes have been made at studying Miller as a writer of political protest and as a writer on human rights. Such studies have often been by those trying to include Miller in their own political camp. But they have had difficulty with his deep foundation in the Bible and compassion for all men. No one seems to have studied Miller’s ties to his Bible background. Liberal Boston and New York publishers of his day recognized these ties as well as his popularity with their readers who were also students of the Bible. No one seems to have studied Miller as a travel writer or as an historian, perhaps because his early detractors suggested he was all fiction and a liar. They didn’t like his truth. Historical research has proven the authenticity of his real experiences 7 upon which frames he wove his work. In articles for The Californians, Guilford-Kardell has begun to set the record straight as to the history of events in Miller’s life and in his time frame.