a 8.90 D 14974 E D European & Security ES & Defence 3/2020 International Security and Defence Journal ISSN 1617-7983 • Individual Firepower www.euro-sd.com • • Frontex • Night Vision Technology • Spanish Navy • Detecting Explosives • Turkey’s Elite Police Unit • Offshore Patrol Vessels March 2020 • Special Operations Vehicles • Spanish Defence Industry Politics · Armed Forces · Procurement · Technology Editorial Western Cohesion Since its beginnings, in the early 1960s, the Munich Security Conference has been regarded as a seismograph for the most urgent security policy problems at any given time. More recently, the guest appearance of Vladimir Putin in 2007 was particularly memorable, as many people still believed that a strategic security partnership between the Western nations and Russia was not only desirable but also possible. After Putin's speech, this illusion was shattered. One regrettable conclusion to be drawn year after year is, that although new security crises and fundamental problems are added to the agenda at every new conference, those that were hotly debated at previous events were neither resolved nor even brought closer toresolution. This is not a remark “against” the conference. Rather, it speaks for the necessity of conferences like Munich. Above all, however, it is a depressing sign of the ever-increasing instability of the international order. The northern hemisphere states still manage to shield their citizens from this instability: how long this tour de force can be sustained is written in the stars. The problem to which this year's participants and public observers attempted to draw attention was initially referred to as "Westlessness". It soon became apparent that this neologism met with little understanding beyond German ears, but the phenomenon was profound, and serious. In the words of the conference chairman, Ambassador Wolfgang Ischinger, "We have lost a common understanding of what it means to belong to the Western world (...) All this is happening against the background of the relative rise of the non-Western world and an increasing number of challenges and crises that require a concerted response from the West.” However, the viewpoint from which this depressing assessment was made is typically European: the American view of things is different. In recent decades, from Vietnam to Iraq, the United States may have miscalculated, made repeated misjudgements, pursued half-baked strategies and even suffered downright defeats, but this has not shaken its belief that, as with the 20th century, the 21st will again be American - and perhaps rightly so. "The best is yet to come," Donald Trump now promises in his 2020 pre-election campaign. No one should dismiss this as a cheap slogan. We can still philosophise about the multipolarity of a new world order, but when it really comes down to it, when it is not just a matter of making a clever move in the geopolitical game, when the fundamental interests of the United States are threatened, they will still be able to impose their will on any adversary, wherever he or she may be. The acknow- ledged economic, demographic, technological, intellectual and military superiority of the United States keeps all challengers at a distance. When its lead nation is bursting with strength and self-confidence, the West as a whole cannot be too badly off. The depression felt by Europeans is primarily a discomfort in their own performance. They fear that they have reached an impasse with the European Union and that major course corrections will be necessary to prevent other Member States from following the British example. They sulk when they realise that all their efforts to “civilise” and pacify local trouble spots in the south, the south-east and the east of Europe are failing. Beyond appeals to “reason”, “humanity” and “universal principles”, too little diplomatic or military weight is being brought to bear – or, indeed, is available. However, we must not attach too much importance to European sensibility. Fin- de-siècleprophecies arise repeatedly in Europe, especially over the last 150 years, but if we consider all these fantasies of doom en bloc, it is clear that the continent hasheld its own quite well, globally. And perhaps, from time to time we should look outwards at daily political and military reality. While the VIPs debated at the Munich Security Confer- ence, DEFENDER-Europe 2020 was underway. The largest exercise in 25 years for the transfer of significant military reinforcements from the USA to Eastern Europe, this, far more than conferences, underlines the transatlantic cohesion of the West. Peter Bossdorf 3/2020 · European Security & Defence 1 Contents Special Operations Ground Vehicles Detecting Explosives Photo: FLIR Photo: ARQUUS Increasing demand for more sophisticated Science, technological innovation and varied solutions Page 58 and solutions Page 80 66 Improved Individual Firepower SECURITY POLICY Jan-Phillipp Weisswange Frontex Ready to Meet New Challenges 12 72 Pointing the Way in Europe’s GOSSRA Project Michał Jarocki Erik Wimmer “The EU’s external borders are only as 16 74 No Place to Hide in the Dark strong as their weakest link.” Tim Guest Interview with Izabella Cooper, Frontex Spokeswoman 78 Equipment in Riot Control 22 Military Cooperation between Israel, Tim Guest Greece and Cyprus Eugene Kogan 80 Detecting Explosives Tim Guest 28 How Much Has Russia Militarised the Crimea? 87 Renaissance of the Mortar Georg Mader Christopher F. Foss 32 CBRN Hazards to the Natural Environment 88 Inner Layer Defence Systems Dan Kaszeta New Developments Against Anti-Ship Cruise Missiles and Asymmetric Threats ARMED FORCES Luca Peruzzi “The international strategic scenario 36 INDUSTRY AND MARKETS is complex and uncertain.” Interview with Admiral Teodoro Lopez Calderón, 94 Spanish Defence Industry Chief of the Spanish Navy Esteban Villarejo 40 Peace on the Spectrum 100 “We offer a mature modular turret system for the Electronic Warfare – a Game Changer? Spanish 8x8 vehicle programme.” Thomas Withington Interview with Mark Fenwick, General Manager, John Cockerill Defense España 46 Turkey’s Elite Police Unit Korhan Özkilinc 101 Offshore Patrol Vessels Market Development & Programmes 51 Moral Decision-Making Training Conrad Waters in the Military Chloe Brennan 107 Anti-Ship Missiles Market Outlook and Programme Review 54 The Bangladesh Navy – An Available, Bob Nugent Adaptive and Affordable Force Interview with Rear Admiral Mohammad Musa, 112 “The Armed BLACK HAWK is well-suited for Commander Khulna Naval Area (COMKHUL) militaries that may not want to field a dedicated attack helicopter.” ARMAMENT & TECHNOLOGY Interview with John Lopes, International Director for Latin America and the Caribbean at Lockheed Martin, and 58 Special Operations Ground Vehicles Adam Schierholz, Vice President & Regional Sales Executive Sidney E. 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