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Home , Adolfo Tito Yllana, Godfrey of Bouillon, Grand master (order), Leopoldo Girelli, Orthodox Majesty, Vincenzo Vannutelli

Newsletter N° 62 July 2021 cross

ordinis equestris sancti sepulchri hierosolymitani

@granmagistero.oessh www.oessh.va @GM_oessh Message from the Grand Master The peace of the Risen Lord: a gift to share

ummer is a time when we can generally what we do: it will allow us to show a more rest and pray more. I would like to authentic face. Sencourage you to take advantage of and I am aware that and weave consult some of the fundamental documents relationships in the Lieutenancies that aim to made available to you: the book on the build a Church of communion: it is precisely spirituality of the , the Constitution, the Church that we love, that we establish, and the Ritual. In addition, you can read and the Church that we want to serve with faith! reread the publications in five languages on Therefore, I urge you to deepen your the website of the Grand commitment to the Order, walking a path Magisterium, which are full of exciting that accompanies us in our Christian life. accounts of what the Order lives and Fernando Cardinal Filoni accomplishes. Let us witness all this to those around us, with simplicity and missionary spirit! We speak profusely of our spirituality The Grand Master of rooted in the the Order of the Holy empty tomb of Sepulchre invites the Christ, forever Knights and Dames to give witness to victorious their spirituality, against death. which is based on Let us the empty tomb of communicate Christ victorious over death. who we are and contents

The Order in Union with The Order and the the Universal Church PALESTINIAN CHRISTIANS IN GAZA SUPPORTED A SPECIAL PRAYER FOR PEACE IN THE BY THE WHOLE CHURCH OF THE HOLY LAND XV HOLY LAND II TOWARDS THE CLOSING OF THE DEFICIT ANNUAL PEACE DAY FOR THE EAST III OF THE PATRIARCHATE OF JERUSALEM XVIII STORIES OF A GREAT HISTORY IV WELCOME TO THE NEW APOSTOLIC The Life of the Lieutenancies TO ISRAEL AND CYPRUS, APOSTOLIC DELEGATE TO JERUSALEM AND PALESTINE V MEETINGS WITH THE GRAND MASTER XIX Proceedings of the Grand Magisterium THE ROYAL COLLEGIATE-BASILICA OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE OF CALATAYUD XX GOVERNOR GENERAL’S TERM RENEWED VI A RICH SPIRITUAL CONTRIBUTION TO THE LIFE Culture OF THE LIEUTENANCIES VII A NEW BOOK ON THE HISTORY OF THE GRAND MASTER ANSWERS QUESTIONS THE ORDER XXIII ON THE ORDER’SNEWRITUAL IX

CONCERNING PROBLEMATIC SITUATIONS GRAND MAGISTERIUM OF THE EQUESTRIAN IN THE ORDER XII ORDER OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE OF JERUSALEM TWO NEW MEMBERS OF THE GRAND 00120 MAGISTERIUM XIV E-mail: [email protected]

The Order in Union with the Universal Church A special prayer for peace in the Holy Land

Faced with the Queen of peace, tragedy that the Chosen daughter of a land once again devastated inhabitants of the by wars, hatred, violence. Holy Land are We, Knights and Dames of the Holy Sepulchre, experiencing at this confidently implore you: moment, the Grand Do not allow Our Lord’s cry at the Holy City’s inability to understand Master has shared a the gift of peace, special prayer written To once again fall into the void of indifference and political calculation. by him that we Help us to see the afflictions of so many mothers, fathers, brothers, publish here. The sisters, children, victims of destructive forces that are blind and members of the Order without a future. and their friends are Inspire paths of dialogue, vigorous resolve in the resolution of problems all invited to recite and a collaboration of sure hope. this prayer by May we never become immune to oppression, Cardinal Filoni every May we never consider the struggles as ‘inevitable’, day and spread it as May we never see the victims they produce as ‘collateral’. much as possible May good will prevail over the logic of aggression, during the summer in Help us to see that the solution of many problems is not impossible. a spirit of As you prayed amid the Disciples on Pentecost, communion and obtain from the Almighty paths towards a shared solution hope. to the apparently insurmountable situations in the Holy Land. ORG . COPYRIGHT LPJ Annual Peace Day for the East

his is an initiative coming from the salt of your lands, give flavor to social and all the Eastern life, wishing to contribute to the building of “TCatholic Patriarchs have the common good, according to those welcomed it,” said Pierbattista principles of the Social Doctrine of the Pizzaballa, Latin of Jerusalem, on Church which so urgently need to be the occasion of his trip to in June, a known, as was indicated by the Post-Synodal few days before the launch of the ‘Peace Apostolic Exhortation Ecclesia in Medio Day for the East’. “We decided to unite at Oriente and as you wished to recall in the regional level to pray for and invoke commemorating the hundred and thirtieth peace in our territories, noting that this anniversary of the Encyclical Letter Rerum prayer often comes from outside, from the Novarum.” whole world, but that we, here, especially, Members of the Order of the Holy must consecrate this time together,” noted Sepulchre joined in the prayer through Archbishop Pizzaballa. virtual media, particularly the social Therefore, celebrating the 130th networks of the Grand Magisterium and the anniversary of Leo XIII’s encyclical Latin Patriarchate. In this year dedicated to Rerum Novarum, the Justice and Peace St. Joseph, the Middle East was consecrated Commission of the Council of to the during a Mass celebrated Patriarchs and Bishops in the Middle East – in the Basilica of the Annunciation in located in Lebanon – has set the first ‘Peace Nazareth on Sunday, June 27, in the Day’ on 27 June 2021. On that day, at 10 presence of all the Ordinaries of the Holy am, in churches throughout the East, the Land. An icon of Mary, and Joseph – faithful prayed intensely “to implore God’s adorned with relics from the basilica – was Mercy and His Peace on the beloved Middle blessed, before departing on a pilgrimage to East, where the Christian faith was born and Lebanon. It will stop in all the countries of always lives, despite the suffering.” the Middle East and will arrive in Rome In a letter presumably on published the same An icon of the Holy Family will visit all the December 8, 2021, day, countries of the East and then arrive in Rome on for the closing of addressed the December 8, for the closing of the Year of St. the year that the Joseph. Catholic Patriarchs of pope has the Middle East, consecrated to the joining in their prayer faithful Custodian and declaring in of the Universal particular, “Truly be Church.

● ● IV Newsletter N° 62 ● ● Stories of a great history

Father Michele Bellino, of the centenary of the death of Doctor of the Order in Bari and director of the Church Bishop John Chrysostom. On 12 diocesan museum of this East-facing February 1908, a liturgy was celebrated in his city, has agreed to introduce us to each presence, officiated by the Greek Melkite Grand Master of the Order, through a Patriarch of Antioch Cyril VIII Geha, with historical event in the life of the the choir and ministers of the Pontifical universal Church. This summer he Greek College of Rome. In the introduction offers us the first article, on Pope St. to the booklet published on that occasion, as Pius X, celebrated liturgically on August the scholar Manuel Nin3 points out, it is 21, on one of the four feasts of the indicated that in the aforementioned hall, Order celebrated by our Knights and since there was no “isolated” altar, i.e., Dames. In this article detached from the wall, we discover the special that would allow for attention he showed to movement around it the East during the during the various 15th centenary of St. processions and John Chrysostom. incensations of the Byzantine Divine Liturgy, another he year 1907 “isolated” altar was constitutes a placed and, in front of it, Thistoric milestone in two lecterns with two the bond between Pope icons of Christ and the Pius X and the Order, Mother of God. Next to with the letter Quam these was placed a third Multa,1 in which the lectern with the icon of successor of Peter We pray with Pope St. Pius X, who was St. John Chrysostom. It assumed the of Grand Grand Master of the Order, that justice, is interesting to note that Master. The decision made the source of peace, may reign in the in the introduction to Middle East and throughout the world. the Latin Patriarch of this booklet, this Jerusalem his Lieutenant, annotation is still so that the members of the Order could indicated: “the Greek rite will be observed in better grasp the link between the mother its entirety by the celebrants (...) The church of Jerusalem and the Roman pontiff Supreme Pontiff, supreme head of all rites, himself. The attention towards Eastern will at the same time also act as presider of Christians was in line with the choices made the Greek liturgical assembly, to whom the by Pius IX and Leo XIII. In a speech to the principal acts of honor and are Patriarch of of the Armenians, on 18 entrusted and reserved (...) He will use the January 1906, Pius X had expressed himself Greek liturgical language”. as follows: “the East, which has the glory of The next day, Pius X in a speech addressed having been the cradle of our Lord Jesus to Cardinal Vincenzo Vannutelli, president of Christ, of preserving his tomb2.” the Committee of the fifteenth centenary, An event that certainly seemed to manifest said: “Yesterday we attended the solemn Pius X’s pastoral solicitude towards the Pontifical, which took us back to the time of Churches of the East was the fifteenth St. John Chrysostom, in the Basilicas of

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Antioch and , so today we are The event will mark an increasingly pleased to see you gathered here to give a welcoming practice and respect for Eastern new proof of your attachment to the Catholic liturgies, in the path of dialogue between Church and the Apostolic See. (...) As we Christians. think of these things, we feel, like our predecessors, animated by the liveliest desire 1 ACTA APOSTOLICA SEDES (AAS), vol. XL (1907), to work with all our might, so that pp. 321-322. throughout the East the virtue and greatness 2 AAS, vol. XXIX (1906), pp. 28-29. of the past may once again flourish, and 3 cfr. M. NIN, Un vangelo cantato, in L’Osserva- those false concepts and prejudices that gave tore Romano, 20 March 2013. rise to the fatal division may be destroyed4.” 4 AAS, vol. XLI (1908), pp. 130-134.

Welcome to the new Apostolic Nuncio to Israel and Cyprus, Apostolic Delegate to Jerusalem and Palestine

The members of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre address a prayer to heaven for Archbishop , who was appointed by Pope Francis – on June 3 – Apostolic Nuncio to Israel and Cyprus, as well as Apostolic Delegate to Jerusalem and Palestine.

reviously, Archbishop Yllana, 73, was John Paul II appointed him Apostolic Nuncio Nuncio to Australia, after having to and consecrated him Pserved in the papal diplomatic service bishop on 6 January 2002 in St. Peter’s on four continents. This summer, he takes up Basilica. Later, the Pope entrusted him with his new post in a delicate context, marked by the nunciature of the Solomon Islands, also the recent upsurge in Israeli-Palestinian in the Pacific. In 2006, Pope Benedict XVI violence and the current political sent him as Nuncio to Pakistan, after which recomposition in Israel. Born 6 February he went to the Democratic Republic of Congo 1948, in Naga City, , in 2010. Since February 2015, he he was ordained a priest 19 has occupied the post of March 1972. After graduating ambassador of the in in and civil law from the Australia. Pontifical Lateran in Archbishop Adolfo Tito Rome, and completing his Yllana speaks English, Spanish, studies at the Ecclesiastical Italian and French. With his Academy, in 1984 he entered new mandate, he replaces in the diplomatic service of the Jerusalem Archbishop Leopoldo Holy See, working successively Girelli, 68, appointed in March In Jerusalem, Archbishop in the pontifical delegations in Adolfo Tito Yllana as Apostolic Nuncio to India, Ghana, , , replaces Archbishop whom the Order of the Holy Lebanon, , and , Sepulchre wishes to thank very . appointed Apostolic sincerely for his valuable service In December 2001, Pope Nuncio to India. in the Holy Land.

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Proceedings of the Grand Magisterium Governor General’s Term Renewed

ardinal , Grand of the . Master of the Equestrian Order of The Governor General of the Order is, Cthe Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem, according to the Constitution, the central signed on June 29, on the feast of administrator of the Order and the person Peter and Paul the Apostles, a decree responsible for its direction. He oversees the renewing the mandate as Governor activities of the Grand Magisterium and General for another term of four years moderates its meetings, analyzes and reports on Ambassador Leonardo Visconti di to the Grand Master on the needs in the Modrone. Holy Land and issues directives to the Born in Milan in 1947, and having served Lieutenancies and Magistral Delegations. He forty-five years in the Italian diplomatic is assisted by four Vice-Governors, the service, Leonardo Visconti di Modrone was and the Treasurer of the Order, called to join the Grand Magisterium of the who together make up the office of Order of the Holy Sepulchre in 2014 by Presidency of the Grand Magisterium. Cardinal Edwin O’Brien and was appointed Leonardo Visconti di Modrone visited the Governor General, succeeding Prof. Holy Land several times both as a private Agostino Borromeo in June 2017, in a spirit citizen and as a diplomat. He made his first of continuity with the efforts of the pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1960, at the previous governorship. In October of that age of thirteen. As Governor General he same year, he was conferred the rank of visited many of the structures financed by the Order, such as parishes, kindergartens, schools, , homes for the elderly, hospitals, orphanages, refugee camps, etc., in continuous contact with the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem. For the second quadrennium of his mandate, he proposes to complete the visits begun to the various Lieutenancies in the world, in order to increase dialogue and commitment, also availing himself of the collaboration of the Vice- Governors, with the aim of Governor General Visconti di Modrone in the company of strengthening the Order in all its Cardinal Filoni, Grand Master, Lieutenant General Borromeo, components, at the service of the and Chancellor Bastianelli. Church and the Holy Land.

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Testimonies of men and women religious within the Order

he main gift membership in the religious (men and women), as faithful Order has given me is a deeper called by God to a particular “Tunderstanding of its commitment (cf. LG 43), is part of the spirit of the Order. to support the Church in the Holy Land and In fact, because of their specific the Patriarchate to provide religious consecration to God, they contribute to leadership for the churches and schools. It keeping alive the awareness that the Cross is has given me a more global vision of the the superabundance of God’s love Church. I appreciate the times for prayer, overflowing into this world (cf. Vita retreat and learning together. While my Consecrata, n. 24),” is stated in the religious life also includes those activities, explanatory note released. praying with members of the Order widens The guidelines emphasize that “a religious our opportunity to pray for others which is shall not seek out, or be included in, the one of our Christian duties. These Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem opportunities are also ways for me to grow for the sake of an honorary title, but in in my spiritual life.” These are the words of imitation of those men and women, like Sister Lois Paha, Dominican Sister and Joseph of Arimathea, who offered his tomb Religious- of the Order in the to the Lord after asking Pilate for his body Lieutenancy for Western USA since 2015. (cf. Mt 27:57-60), or like Nicodemus, who For some time, in fact, religious men and brought myrrh, aloes, and burial cloths (cf. women connected in a special way to the Jn 19:39-40), or again like Mary of Magdala Holy Land have been approaching the Order and the other women who piously provided of the Holy Sepulchre to experience for the burial of the tortured body of the communion with other brothers and sisters Master (cf. Lk 23:55-56) and were the first who manifest special zeal and solicitude for witnesses of his Resurrection (cf. Mt 28:1-10; the Land of Jesus. Mk 16:1-11; Lk 24:1-12; Jn During the spring of 2021, 20:1-18).” a circular letter with This attention to the body guidelines for the admission of Christ translates today not of religious men and women, only into a deep love for the accompanied by an Land in which he lived, gave explanatory note, was his life for us and rose again, addressed to all the but also into a charitable Lieutenancies to formalize in concern for the communities a clear manner the entrance that live there. Father Jean- and presence in the Order of Michel Poffet, a Dominican, those who belong to institutes was director of the École of . Although Biblique in Jerusalem from admission to the Order is 1999 to 2008. It was in this Sister Lois Paha recounts her primarily reserved to the joy of belonging to the Order. context that he became laity, “the admission of acquainted with the work of 

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purpose. When she joined the Diocese of Tucson, Sister Lois “got to know members of the Order more closely and learned more about the goals and purpose through their commitment. As chance would have it, Sister Lois was responsible for preparing liturgies for and participating in an Order pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 2013. “The overall goal to support the Christians in the Holy Father Jean-Michel Poffet, OP, a member of the Order, was the director Land became real to me of the “École Biblique” in Jerusalem. during the 2013 pilgrimage. Seeing the the Knights and Dames of the Order of the struggle of the Christians gave me the Holy Sepulchre. During a visit to Rome, he motivation to learn more about this reality had met Cardinal Furno, then Grand Master, and understand more of the situation. As an who had decided to support their institute. educator I was especially motivated by the The Order’s contribution to the École work of Bethlehem University and their Biblique has continued over time and for the efforts to provide strong leaders for the past ten years or so it has been supporting future of the region. I was also impressed by the Palestinian employees who work in the the openness of Christians and Muslims to famous and well-stocked library of this work together for the healthy and center of study. Concerning his entry into prosperous life they all seek,” she says. the Order through the Lieutenancy for Sister Anne Marie Smith took her vows in Switzerland, Father Jean-Michel says: “As a the Franciscan order in 1960. She joined the religious, I was not looking Order of the Holy Sepulchre for a new membership but as a Religious-Dame with the becoming a member of the Lieutenancy for Western Order allowed me to USA. She recounts concretize my solidarity in a discovering the existence of particular way with Eastern this pontifical institution Christians. I know the good through one of the priests that the Order does and how with whom she worked. “I valuable this support is for had just completed my the schools of the Patriarchate second trip to the Holy Land and other institutions. It is and had learned so much not only economic support: it about the people, the is also prayer and moral For Sister Anne Marie Smith, conflicts, the care of the support.” belonging to the Order is a various sites by the Sister Lois Paha also way to maintain contact with – another addresses the Order’s the Holy Land. connection. While on my

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first trip I experienced a member receiving financially to the needs of the Church in the the Pilgrim’s shell. I later learned what that Holy Land. In the case of religious, this is meant and I wanted to support the faith not always possible, yet the support they community in the Holy Land.” For Sister offer is no less important. “As Sisters – she Anne, belonging to the Order is also a way explains – we are not able to provide the to keep in touch with the Franciscan financial support expected of members, but communities in those places. we can provide our prayers.” Finally, Sister Involvement in the family of the Order is Lois shares how she has put her studies and certainly another important component of experience in the field of liturgy to use in choosing to be a Religious-Knight or organizing prayer meetings for the Religious-Dame. Father Jean-Michel Lieutenancy. In addition, she explains, “I recounts how his participation in the have volunteered to assist as well with the activities of the Lieutenancy is regular and, editorial work on the newsletter and other in addition to this, how he had “the honor projects as requested.“ and joy of accompanying two years ago a The beauty of the Order’s life profoundly pilgrimage to the Holy Land: a great benefits from this rich diversity of states of moment for all of us. In addition, I have led life united at the same time by the feeling of pilgrimages for some French Delegations being part of the same family guided by the (Paris, Provence, Lyon).” Sister Anne is same purpose of service and love for the aware that belonging to the Order is also Holy Land. accompanied by a desire to contribute Elena Dini The Grand Master answers questions on the Order’s new Ritual

The Grand Master of the Order was interviewed by Catholic News Agency and ACI Stampa about the new Ritual of Investiture of the Knights and Dames. We publish the article taken from this interview, where Cardinal Filoni explains what there is to know about the important evolution of this Ritual, linked to the new Constitution of the Order signed by Pope Francis.

hough the sword is no longer used orders of and today it is present in during the investiture ceremony of the nearly 40 nations with about 30,000 TKnights of the Holy Sepulchre, it members worldwide. It has, for this reason, remains in the , as a symbol along with a strong bond with the Holy Land, where it all the other knightly symbols. This is not a carries out projects of various kinds and break with tradition, but rather an evolution distributes aid. It is a chivalrous order that towards a noble simplicity of form, at the since 1888, by decision of Leo XIII, also same time more substantial. This is how admits women, that is, “Dames”. Women in Cardinal Fernando Filoni, Grand Master of all respects on a par with the other Knights, the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre, both in terms of commitments and the explains to ACI Stampa. distribution of contributions. Obviously, the The Order is among the oldest Catholic Dame’s oath did not include the sword. But 

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the approval of the new Constitution in 2020, continued with a reflection on spirituality at the request of the Knights themselves (Cardinal Filoni, And the House was Filled with the Fragrance of the Perfume) and is now substantiated by the reform of the Ritual. Speaking to ACI Stampa, Cardinal Filoni explains that the reform follows the general principle of Paul VI, who in a homily on February 2, 1967 spoke of a “renewal faithful to its original statutes and suitable for pursuing its goals with forms more suited to needs.” The reform of the Investiture Ritual was promulgated on March 19, and distributed on May 7 to members, and immediately generated criticism precisely because of the absence of the sword in the oath- taking ritual. Agostino Borromeo, Lieutenant General of the Order, defended the reform. In a the absence of the sword from the reflection published on the website of the Investiture ceremony caused a rising of Order, Borromeo said that the earliest extant shields. text on the Investiture of Knights dates back Cardinal Filoni, however, explains that to 1623, and that it seems that the ceremony this was not a decision made out of gender was centered on the delivery of the sword to equality, nor to disrespect women who the candidate, who “extracted it from its found themselves having a different ritual scabbard, handed it to the celebrant. The than Knights, but rather to create a ritual latter, drawing the sign of the cross in the air that is just as solemn, if more simplified, three times with it, touched the weapon to and more in line with the times, as part of a the candidate’s shoulders.” general reform of the Order that began with The sword was returned to the Franciscan

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Custos of the Holy Land. It was thought, in wear a mozzetta, religious wear a white fact, that the sword had belonged to Godfrey scarf, women religious wear a black shawl, of . while the main distinguishing mark is the With the admission of women into the Jerusalem cross. All this to emphasize “the Order, it was decided that they – not practice of Christian virtues” and to traditionally part of a knightly order – encourage “a more intimate participation in should swear with a different formula and the life of the order.” without the sword. Hence the last reform, Nothing, in short, to do with gender necessary – according to Borromeo – equality, an issue – among other things – because “at the beginning of the 21st that Cardinal Filoni considers “reductive,” century, it no longer seems acceptable that because women have been admitted to the people bound by the same obligations and Order since the 19th century, “in a time this holders of the same rights are received in was not expected,” and are “full members, in different ways in the same institution. The participation and contributions.” because the new ritual fully responds Order is “inclusive,” to this elementary need. It accepting “bishops, should be noted, priests, , as well moreover, that the sword, A ritual that is just as religious men and because of its symbolic as solemn, if more women, despite being a significance, is in any case simplified, and more in predominantly lay order,” foreseen in the liturgy of ‘‘line with the times, as and all “contribute their the Vigil.” part of a general reform love for the land of Jesus And he adds that with and Mother Church,” the new ritual, “the of the Order contributing to the Holy celebration of the most Land in equal dignity solemn act provided for by between men and the liturgy of the Order will be identical, in women. “It is much more than the words and gestures, in all the Lieutenancies ’’sociological concept of equal dignity.” and Magistral Delegations of the Equestrian Cardinal Filoni also looked at the Holy Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem.” Land. “We are,” he said, “in deep No break with tradition, therefore, communion with the Latin Patriarchate of explains Cardinal Filoni, and not even a Jerusalem. No one can remain indifferent to decision to defend a kind of gender equality. the situation of the population in the land of On the contrary, the sword has an important Jesus.” He announced support for special meaning in the symbolism, evoking virtues support initiatives in the Holy Land, and – such as “loyalty, fidelity, solidarity, honor, as a diplomat who has lived through three of spirit, fortitude, self-denial, conflicts (Sri Lanka, Iran, Iraq) – he defense of justice, truth and above all faith, highlighted how “peace cannot be negotiated hope and charity,” and remains as a symbol or improvised,” because “hatred is not born “in the Vigil of Prayer before the conferral of by chance. It is not a mere explosion of knighthood,” along with the spurs (for the anger. Hate is explosive fuel in conflicts, all Knights) and the jar of perfumed oil (for the of which have deeper and more superficial Dames), but also the neck cross, the cloak, roots. But with hatred, everything is the cap, the veil and the gloves. All of this confused. If we ’t get out of this mindset, makes up the vesture of a Knight and a things will never change.” Dame. In addition to this, each class has its own Andrea Gagliarducci particular garment: members of the clergy Catholic News Agency

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“The Order is not a merely institution, but a way to witness fidelity to Christ and the Church” Concerning problematic situations in the Order

With the desire to communicate more with the Knights and Dames, each month Cardinal Fernando Filoni addresses an issue of importance to the Order of the Holy Sepulchre on the official website of the Grand Magisterium, in the section “Grand Master’s Corner.” This summer we propose that you reread the text he published in June, on the effort of truth necessary in the face of complicated marital situations that can sometimes arise in the Order.

rom time to time I receive letters in teachings are not always easily understood which people share their concern or appreciated by everyone. He adds, “Faith Fabout situations that are not in always remains something of a cross; it conformity with the moral doctrine of the retains a certain obscurity which does not Church. Some concern the matrimonial detract from the firmness of its assent” situations of divorced and remarried Knights (Evangelii Gaudium 42). As for married life, and Dames. Some also denounce the fact we know well that, if Jesus is not kept at the that our members belong to Entities and center of the relationship, the vocation of Orders that are not recognized by the marriage and conjugal love is also easily lost. Apostolic See, or even contrary to it. I will “The life of every family,” says Pope Francis, speak about this another time. With regard “is marked by all kinds of crises” (Amoris to the aforementioned issue, we all know, as Laetitia 232), and there is no shortage then – our Constitution says, that a member of our John Paul II wrote – even breakups and Order is required to have self-discipline, a separations at times, “a last resort, after all witness of faith, zeal for the good and a other reasonable attempts at reconciliation special commitment to the Holy Land (see have proved vain.” (Familiaris Consortio 83). Art. 4 about “Commitments”). Similar situations exist in our Order as In particular, Art. 34, about the well. However, the Order is not indifferent Candidacy for Admission to the Order, to those who are victims or find themselves specifies that the candidates “must be in situations of marital division. Catholics of exemplary faith and moral Discernment and pastoral sense on the part conduct”; in addition, they must be faithful of , and understanding on the part of to the “Obligations” provided for in Art. 36, confreres, are needed, as well as strong especially with regard to behavior that may commitment to help in prayer and closeness constitute a serious public violation of to those who are suffering. In addition, divine or ecclesiastical law (§ 5). It is clear participation in the life of the Order is that we are not talking about perfect, certainly a moral help, especially when, in idealistic lives, but the real lives of people. such cases, there may be a weakening of Pope Francis has written that the faith and witness. This does not detract from demands of the faith and the Church’s own the fact that divorce is an evil (cf. Amoris

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The Order is a spiritual family in which each person is called to gradually find his or her place in prayer, in harmony with the teaching of the Church (Photo: Investiture at Wilten , Innsbruck, in 2020).

Laetitia 246) and that with a new marriage, integrity and high moral life and generous at times, there is a tendency to self- commitment is fundamental and constitutes marginalize from full participation in the a delicate step in the process of adhesion, as sacramental life, even if not from the well as in the evaluation of those who are Christian faith. appointed to offices of responsibility. But it In these cases, especially those who hold is also necessary, since we are dealing with responsibilities in the Order, are regretfully moral matters, that members should avoid invited to renounce their office of service gossip, envy, jealousy, and damage to without losing the purpose of their reputations. At the same time, that there be belonging to the Order. The Order, in truth, true availability for service on the part of is not a merely honorific institution, but a those who have a responsibility way to witness fidelity to Christ and the (Lieutenants, Presidents, Delegates, etc.) in Church, with special attention to the Land the life of the Order. Let us always look to of Jesus, in support of the Mother Church of Christ who came not to be served but to Jerusalem. serve, as he calls us all to fully trust in him. In this sense, the choice of members of Fernando Cardinal Filoni XIV Newsletter N° 62 ● JERUSALEM CROSS ● Two new Members of the Grand Magisterium

is Eminence the Cardinal Grand Norwegian nationality, as a member of the Master has appointed as member of Grand Magisterium. Hthe Grand Magisterium, on 9 June Professor of Theology, Helene Lund, who 2021, His Serene Hugo entered the Order in 2008, served as Magistral Mariano Windisch-Graetz, born in 1955, an Delegate for Norway from 2013 to 2020, Austrian entrepreneur. Prince Windisch- always distinguishing herself for her assiduity Graetz has been a member of the Order since at the meetings of the European Lieutenants 1980 and of various charitable organizations of and the Consulta and for her attachment to the the . He studied philosophy, Order, contributing to its expansion in the political science, and economics at the Nordic countries. Married in 1995 to Rev. University of Buckingham (Oxford) and Øystein Johannes Lund, also a professor of belongs to a family Theology, who came into full historically closely linked to Catholic communion from the Vatican. He was Lutheranism in 2014, in a appointed a Gentleman of ceremony attended by in 1987 by Pope Cardinal O’Brien, and St. John Paul II. Married to member of the Order since Archduchess Sophie 2016. The couple has two (Habsburg) of Austria, he is children. the father of three children. We entrust the service of On the same day, the Hugo Mariano Windisch-Graetz these two dignitaries to the and Helene Jørgensen Lund are Grand Master also appointed now members of the Grand intercession of Our Lady of Professor Helene Jørgensen Magisterium of the Order. Palestine, Patroness of the Lund, born in 1973, of Order of the Holy Sepulchre. N° 62 Newsletter XV ● JERUSALEM CROSS ●

The Order and the Holy Land Palestinian Christians in Gaza supported by the whole Church of the Holy Land

The Governor General of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre is in constant contact with the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem in order to respond to the latter’s appeal to help the Christians of Gaza after the eleven-day Israeli-Palestinian conflict that devastated Gaza last May. In the meantime, solidarity has been organized locally, according to the wish of the Patriarch himself, who first of all intends to support the formation of future Christian generations and prepare “a new secular leadership” capable of planning political and economic solutions in the Holy Land.

n the occasion of his visit to Rome at for himself after making a pastoral visit to the end of June to participate in the the Christian community of the Gaza Strip O94th meeting of the Reunion of Aid from June 14 to 17, 2021. Agencies for the Oriental Churches In the school of the Sisters, he (ROACO), Archbishop Pizzaballa returned to inspected the damage suffered by the the root causes of the ever “incandescent” building and some solar panels. Repair costs situation in the Holy Land, stating that it is a currently total $340,000. Following his visit priority for the Catholic Church to form lay to the Missionaries of Charity, who lovingly Christians capable of finding their place care for disabled children, the Patriarch met within society, in order to overcome rancor with recipients of the Employment Creation and resentment, as well as to promote long- and Skills Enhancement Program. More term solutions in Palestine and Israel. than 70 young people benefit from this Concretely, to resolve the most pressing program, working in religious, educational, issue, he had issued an appeal on May 25, social, health and development institutions. asking parishes and churches to donate their The Patriarch also attended some Sunday collections to the Christian meetings at the Caritas medical center and community in Gaza. the Thomas Aquinas training center, the “The appeal I sent has borne fruit,” said latter organizes courses in English, in Patriarch . “More than computer science and personnel $60,000 has been sent from the regions of management for young Christians. Palestine and Israel.” Half of the funds will Archbishop Pizzaballa also met with be allocated to repair damage caused to the professors, staff and students of the Holy school and spaces around the Sisters of the Family School, authorizing a 15% reduction Holy Rosary’s . The needs are in tuition fees for 2020-2021, as well as a immense, as the Patriarch was able to see contribution to offer psychosocial support to 

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considerable damage to their homes, but fortunately 32 of them are already being helped by the Latin Patriarchate. The visit ended with Archbishop Pizzaballa administering the sacraments to twenty- three children in the Church of the Holy Family: nineteen received their First Communion, three Archbishop Pizzaballa in front of the ruins of Gaza last Spring. were confirmed and one child was teachers, students and parents before the baptized. “I touched with my own hands the start of the next academic year. weariness of the people... the wounds of the Later, the Patriarch visited the sick and war are still open, especially at the the elderly, verifying the damage inflicted on psychological level. I noticed that the word their homes. He was able to see for himself ‘trauma’ is used a lot and I had never heard the destruction of the city’s infrastructure it before. Very strong trauma. So I tell you and spend time with those affected by the not to lose courage, do not lose hope,” said war. Fifty Christian families have suffered the Patriarch.

Archbishop Pierbattista Pizzaballa, Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem and Grand Prior of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, was received at Palazzo della Rovere – on the sidelines of the ROACO meeting – by Cardinal Fernando Filoni, Grand Master of the Order itself. The talks, which were also attended by the Governor General, Ambassador Leonardo Visconti di Modrone, focused on the situation in the Holy Land and in particular in the Gaza Strip – visited in the previous days by Archbishop Pizzaballa – and on the initiatives to be undertaken to remedy the damage caused by the bombings. Particular attention was also given to upcoming major events, including the planned visit of the Cardinal Grand Master to the Holy Places, as well as the coordination of numerous initiatives promoted by the Order of the Holy Sepulchre in Palestine, Israel and Jordan in agreement with the Latin Patriarchate.

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The perseverance of Father Gabriel, of Gaza, and his community during the days of bombardment

he entire Gaza Strip has a very small Christian community, consisting of about 1,200 Tpeople out of more than two million inhabitants; of these more than a thousand Christians, barely 10% are Catholic. It is therefore a presence at risk of extinction, threatened by war and by the structural and contingent conditions that make the permanence of this minority in this territory unbearable, but which despite everything is kept alive by the support of the religious in loco and of the many benefactors outside of Gaza, who, through the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, manage to make the life of these living stones of the Holy Land more dignified. During the first week of conflict many Christian families lost their homes, destroyed or damaged by Israeli raids, and were forced to move to the homes of friends or relatives, with all the inconveniences linked to the ongoing bombings and restrictions to mobility. Since the eighth day, however, it has been possible to reopen the doors of the , thus allowing the reception of six families, who have miraculously given new life to the parish and who have found here an oasis of peace. A wonder, given the circumstances. “What strikes us most”, the Argentinian pastor of the Holy Family Church in Gaza, Father Gabriel Romanelli, tells us, “is the enthusiasm of the children, who in this context are above all paying the highest price.” Father Gabriel in Gaza, in solidarity with all One little girl, a guest in the parish Palestinian inhabitants, extremely tried by the conflict. premises with her family, at the dawn of yet another day of bombings, confessed to the priest that she was finally able to sleep at night, thanking the Lord Jesus for his protection. “She said this with incredible tenderness, demonstrating great faith.” Like her, many other Christians gave proof of integrity in the faith; no one seemed to waver in this dramatic moment, to the point that this small but irreducible Christian community, which also includes the Orthodox faithful who habitually attend Catholic services, are an example for the religious themselves and for the parish pastor himself. “We learn a lot from them, from their evangelical fortitude and simplicity [...], they teach us so much in matters of faith, they pray tirelessly.” During all those days under the bombs, the faithful have never ceased to pray and to ask for communion. Their pastor, for his part, has never abandoned them, contacting them, reaching them and bringing them spiritual, moral and material help. Filippo de Grazia

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The 94th Plenary Assembly of ROACO Towards the closing of the deficit of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem

rom June 22 to 24, the 94th Plenary difficult and painful. Assembly of ROACO (Reunion of Aid Archbishop , Secretary for FAgencies for the Oriental Churches) Relations with States of the Holy See’s was held in Rome, with the participation of Secretariat of State, as well as the representatives of its member agencies and to Syria, Iraq, and Lebanon also addressed presided over by Cardinal Leonardo Sandri, the General Assembly. Among the solidarity of the Congregation for the Oriental projects with the Christians of the Holy Churches. The Order of the Holy Sepulchre Land and the Middle East presented this of Jerusalem was represented by the year, the Order of the Holy Sepulchre – Governor General Leonardo Visconti di through the voice of Ambassador Leonardo Modrone. Visconti di Modrone – committed itself to In the first session, entirely dedicated to an amount of approximately 230,000 Euros, the situation in the Holy Land, speakers destined for the renovation of a school in included Archbishop Pierbattista Pizzaballa, Nazareth and the expansion of another Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, Father school in Shefa’Amr (Israel), as well as the Francesco Patton, of the Holy Land, restoration of a convent in Bethlehem. The and Peter Bray, Vice Chancellor of following day, Pope Francis delivered a Bethlehem University. The speeches were much-anticipated address, welcoming the followed by a lively debate with numerous ROACO participants, led by Cardinal questions from those present. The good Leonardo Sandri. news – announced by Patriarch Pizzaballa at “In your meeting, you have discussed a the meeting – is the closure of the entire variety of geographical and ecclesial deficit of the Latin Patriarchate at the end of situations. In the first place, the Holy Land 2021. The Patriarch was keen to publicly itself, with Israel and Palestine, peoples thank the leaders of the Order of the Holy who we hope and pray will see the bow of Sepulchre for the valuable financial peace that God showed to Noah as a sign of partnership offered in the context of the covenant between heaven and earth, excellent management, especially since he and of peace among peoples. For all too was appointed Apostolic Administrator of often, even lately, those skies have been the Patriarchate in 2016. He also darkened by missiles bringing destruction, congratulated the support provided by the death and fear!” said Pope Francis in his Order in terms of social-humanitarian aid, address, thanking the members of ROACO through small projects, particularly in for the permanent support brought to the Palestine, where the situation is very different Churches in the East.

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The Life of the Lieutenancies Meetings with the Grand Master

ardinal Fernando Filoni took office months. Following the easing of as Grand Master shortly before the restrictions related to the pandemic, he has Cpandemic began, so he was unable resumed meetings with members, to meet with members of the Order during especially in June in Rome. He will soon this long and painful period. However, His travel to the United States and other Eminence has sought alternative ways of countries, including Monaco and Malta, communicating with Knights and Dames, where he will personally preside over notably through the “Grand Master’s Investiture ceremonies and be able to Corner” column on the Order’s respond directly to questions from Knights international website, as well as through and Dames, in the hope of encouraging virtual meetings held over the past few mutual fellowship.

On the occasion of the Feast of the Most Holy Body and Blood of Christ, Cardinal Filoni, Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre celebrated a Holy Mass in the Church of Santo Spirito dei Napoletani, organized by the Rome Section of the Central Italy Lieutenancy. The Eucharistic liturgy, concelebrated by the Prior of the Section, Msgr. Maurizio Piscolla, was followed by a meeting of with the members present, with the participation of the Governor General Ambassador Leonardo Visconti di Modrone, the Lieutenant of Central Italy Dr. Luigi Giulianelli, the Treasurer Dr. Saverio Petrillo and the of the Rome Section Prof. Lorenzo de Notaristefani.

● ● XX Newsletter N° 62 ● JERUSALEM CROSS ● The Royal Collegiate-Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre of Calatayud

On June 12, two hundred Knights and Dames of the Order in Spain commemorated the elevation, in 2020, of the Royal Collegiate Church of the Holy Sepulchre of Calatayud to the status of Minor Basilica, an event that could not be held at the time because of the pandemic.

n 25 November 2020, the Royal Sepulchre of Calatayud began in 1146, when Collegiate Church of the Holy the Prince of Aragon Raymond Berengar IV OSepulchre of Calatayud, of the donated to the Order of the Canons of the Lieutenancy for Eastern Spain, was elevated Holy Sepulchre, among other assets, a plot to the rank of Minor Basilica. of land in Calatayud to build a convent of The request, which the Collegiate their Order, in compensation for the Order’s had addressed to Bishop Eusebio Hernández renunciation of the will of King Alfonso I Sola, was favorably received by the the Warrior who, in 1131, had linked his Congregation for Divine Worship and the kingdom to the Orders founded in the Holy Discipline of the Sacraments late last year. Land to protect the Holy Places. The On behalf of the pope, the bishop of dedication of the original church took place Tarazona was informed of the favorable in 1156 in the presence of the Prince of decision to make it the Aragon himself and of Mother House of the the canon Giraldo Order of the Holy – who would become Sepulchre in Spain, by the first prior – as well virtue of the fact that it as of the is the first instance, of Toledo and outside Jerusalem, of Tarragona, and the the Order of the bishops of Tarazona Canons of the Holy and Zaragoza. During Sepulchre. In addition the second quarter of to this, there is a the 13th century, the unique artistic value architectural structure given by the exclusive was renovated and consecration to the considerably enlarged. Passion, Death and It was consecrated by Resurrection of Christ, the archbishop of and the splendor with Tarragona, Pedro de which the Eucharist Albalate, on 11 and the other November 1249 and sacraments are only forty-nine years celebrated in it. later, on 6 June 1262, The history of the with the bull of Pope Royal Collegiate- Urban IV the church of Basilica of the Holy Calatayud direct began

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During the beautiful celebration last June 12, the Prior of the Royal Collegiate Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre of Calatayud, Father Javier Sanz, received the Investiture by Cardinal Luis Martínez Sistach, Grand Prior of the Lieutenancy for Eastern Spain.

to depend directly on the Holy See and the Jerusalem. King Ferdinand II “the Catholic” Patriarch of Jerusalem. of Aragon firmly opposed it, asking the pope The current church was built in the early to revoke this bull in his kingdom. He 17th century at the request of Prior Don obtained this in 1494 from Pope Alexander Juan de Rebolledo y Palafox, by the architect VI, with ratification by Pope Leo X in a Brief Gaspar de Villaverde, who, on the same site, of 29 October 1513, in which he ordered erected a Latin cross church with three wide that, since the suppression of the Order of naves, covered by a central vaulted lunette, the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem decreed by cross vaults on the sides, while in the Innocent VIII had not become effective in transept, a large dome on pendentives. The many areas, including the Kingdom of presbytery of great depth hosts the high Aragon, and since in the city of Calatayud altar and, behind this, the choir. Along the there was a church and a of the said naves are the side chapels, all decorated Order, it was declared that such church, with retables representing the complete priory, persons, goods, and properties could cycle of the Passion of Christ, making this and should not be included in the above- church unique. The iconographic cycle ends mentioned bull of extinction. In this way, with the monumental canopy above the high the Collegiate Church of Calatayud became altar, with the image of Christ lying in the the only survivor of the suppression of the tomb, the sculptures of Nicodemus and Order in all of Spain. Joseph of Arimathea and a representation of The Collegiate Church was served by the risen Christ. who followed the Rule of The Aragonese monarchy granted the Augustine, fulfilling their obligation to Order and the Collegiate Church the utmost live communally and celebrate in choir the protection, which was crucial for the liturgy of the Church of Jerusalem. The continuity of the Order of the Holy Prior of the Collegiate Church was also the Sepulchre, particularly when Pope Innocent of the Order of Aragon, Catalonia, VIII, with the Bull Cum Solerti of 28 March Valencia and Majorca. Since 1431, the priors 1489, integrated the Order of the Holy were chosen and appointed directly by the Sepulchre to the Order of St. John of Holy See until 1746, when the Collegiate 

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Church of the Holy Sepulchre of Calatayud Sunday after Easter, on the eve of which the was declared a Royal Patronage and its prior Chapter and the two Spanish Lieutenancies was elected by the King of Spain. The gathered to recite the canonical hours and patriarchal cross with its six fleur-de-lis take possession of the choir stalls by the extremities became the emblem of the new Knights and Dames. The church has Collegiate Church: the canons wore it on hosted many of the Order’s events, such as their chests and in crimson fabric on the the first Investiture ceremony of a Knight in side of their choir robes. The prior began to 1920, the first meeting of the two Spanish use it as a pectoral cross and, following the Chapters in 1953, the solemn mass at the privilege granted by Pope Clement VII on 25 opening of the Order’s first study days – May 1385, also used a crosier. which led to the creation of the Study In 1851, following the Concordat between Center of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre – the Kingdom of Spain and the Holy See, the as well as the Investiture ceremonies of regular Chapter of the Knights and Dames in Collegiate Church was 1991, 2001, and that of suppressed, making it a 2008, presided over by the major parish, dependent on Grand Master of that time, the bishopric of Tarazona Cardinal John Patrick and endowed with secular Foley. clergy. After the As an outward symbol of transformation of the Order the new phase that had into its modern form in begun, the Royal 1868, the Spanish Knights of Collegiate-Basilica of the the Order of the Holy Holy Sepulchre of Sepulchre organized to Calatayud incorporated recover the collegiate into its coat of arms and community of the church seal the patriarchal lily (always considered as the cross, red on a silver base, mother house) making the as proclaiming it a request to the crown that, Minor Basilica, as well as on 28 August 1893, Coat of arms of the Royal the stamping of the basilica communicated to the Collegiate Basilica of the Holy umbrella in red and gold, Sepulchre of Calatayud. Ministry of and half-open and surmounted Justice, the authorization to by a globe and the cross. ask of His Holiness the pope, the title of Attached to the coat of arms are the papal Honorary Collegiate for the Major Parish of keys, bearing the motto “Mortem tuam the Holy Sepulchre of Calatayud. The annuntiamus et tuam resurrectionem church was granted the dignity of Collegiate confitemur”, which masterfully summarizes ad Honorem thanks to the apostolic Brief the rich and centuries-old spiritual and Templa Dei of Pope Leo XIII, signed in Rome artistic tradition of which the new Basilica on 18 September 1901. As a sign of gratitude of Calatayud is the depository and which it for their efforts, the Chapter named the will continue to hand down as a testimony Spanish Knights honorary canons and to the faith we profess. granted them the use of the patriarchal cross. Carlos E. de Corbera y Tobeña A few years later, in 1916, the Feast of the Knight of the EOHSJ Holy Sepulchre was reinstated as the President of the Aragonese Section Collegiate’s major solemnity on the second Lieutenancy for Eastern Spain

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Culture A New Book on the History of the Order

InterviewEntrevista with con the el author autor Tomás Parma

ou have just published an the Knights themselves who conferred this important book on the history dignity, then the Custos of the Holy Land Yof the Order, in Czech. Many took over. This moment in history is members of the Order will not be able particularly beautiful: when European to read it, at least not until it has been chivalry was entering a crisis and turning translated into English, which is into entertainment or hollow , in planned according to what you have the Holy Land an idea of glorious chivalry told us. What is the original was developing, linked to Christian virtues, contribution of this work? which asked for a commitment to help those The book in Czech was a necessity, who needed it, a chivalry anchored in the because in our country there were no central mystery of the Christian faith, that of reference texts about our Order. We the death and resurrection of the Saviour. In envisaged a little book covering the basics, the 19th century, the , who re- but more than two years of research and established the Latin Patriarchate of love for the subject eventually led me to Jerusalem, created the fundamental link write a book of over four hundred pages. I between the patriarchate and the knights of would be delighted if it could be translated the Holy Sepulchre, which was transformed into English because the story of the into a true knightly Order, a community of chivalry of the Holy Sepulchre and our people with concrete goals and a strong Order deserves it: it is a fascinating history, spirituality. a story that relates our identity as Knights and Dames of the Holy Sepulchre. Do you support the theory of Professor Agostino Borromeo, Can you tell us what you have historian and current Lieutenant discovered about the origins of the General of the Order, that the Order? founding of the Order of the Holy Our image of the history of the Order is Sepulchre was unrelated to the far more modest than that of 19th and 20th ? century historians. The Order of the Knights It is my opinion that the Order was not of the Holy Sepulchre was not founded by founded during the Crusades, but only , during the time of the afterwards, and I came to this conclusion Crusades, but almost immediately after the based on the research of previous historians fall of the in 1291. It was and Professor Borromeo, with whom I had the presence of the Franciscans that made it the pleasure of being able to discuss this. possible to invest the Knights at the The first Latin kings of Jerusalem founded Sepulchre of Christ: first (from 1335) it was the chapter of the Canons of the Basilica of

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the Holy Sepulchre, the disappeared during the cathedral of the Latin Nazi occupation during Patriarchate, and the war and especially transformed it into a during 40 years of the regular chapter. From totalitarian communist this chapter was born regime. Only after that, the Order of Canons, the life of the Order in which continued to live the Czech Republic in Europe and its female slowly resumed, heir to branch still exists today. such a full past. But the Canons were not Knights, and one Do you have other cannot confuse the two, plans for historical as was often still done research on the in the 20th century. Order? But we cannot say With my book, the that the Order has no work has just started link with the Crusades for me. I think it would or with the person of be especially useful to Godfrey of Bouillon: revive the International without the Historical Commission, phenomenon of the The book “ Knights, Dames and pilgrims” is which existed at the available in Czech from the distributor th Crusades, without the Kosmas end of the 20 century person of the great (https://www.kosmas.cz/knihy/283143/rytiri- and which prepared the Crusader king who damy-a-poutnici/), or from the Magistral famous Lateran became one of the “nine Delegation for the Czech Republic Symposium in 1996. ([email protected]). valiants”, we would not While writing the book, have the powerful idea I realised, and meetings of Christian chivalry, which defends the with Prof. Borromeo confirmed this for me, sacred places of Jerusalem and helps that not enough is known about the history Christians there. This was the original idea, of the Order in the 20th century, about the onto which the Franciscans grafted the formation of the first Lieutenancies, their knighthood of the Holy Sepulchre. Godfrey life and successive development. And yet, as and the Crusaders are not our founders, but we know, the life of the Order happens in reference persons, bearers of the idea that the Lieutenancies. It would be a collective generated and formed us. work, to write history from that point of view, because it is beyond the realms of What can be found in the Czech possibility for an individual. And this very archives on the history of our Order? work carried out together could give a new For me, that was the biggest surprise of all image of our history because the Order is my research. From our archives, but also not an individual, but a , as our from the collections of the Latin Patriarchate Grand Master teaches us so well in strong and the Custody, I have been able to identify continuity with Pope Francis. My dream is more than 200 Knights of the Holy to be able to participate in this work, as part Sepulchre of Czech origin, starting with the of this professional community at the oldest in the 15th century. We have also been service of the Order. able to write the history of the Czechoslovak Lieutenancy, founded in 1929, but which Interview by François Vayne

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