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EDITOR é uma revista de Cultura e, domínio do Espírito, é Livre. Avassalada Publisher ao encontro universal das culturas, servente da identidade cultural de INSTITUTO CULTURAL Macau, agente de mais íntima relação entre o Oriente e o Ocidente, do Governo da Região Administrativa particularmente entre a China e Portugal. RC propõe-se publicar todos Especial de Macau os textos interessantes aos objectivos confessados, pelo puro critério da CONSELHO DE DIRECÇÃO qualidade. Assim, as opiniões e as doutrinas, expressas ou professas nos textos Editorial Board assinados, ou implícitas nas imagens de autoria, são da responsabilidade Heidi Ho, Marie MacLeod, dos seus autores, e nem na parte, nem no todo, podem confundir-se com a Luís Ferreira, Charles Lam, orientação da RC. A Direcção da revista reserva-se o direito de não publicar, Wong Io Fong e Paulo Coutinho nem devolver, textos não solicitados. [email protected] é uma revista trimestral, simultaneamente publicada nas versões COORDENADOR Chinesa e Internacional (em Português e Inglês). Buscando o diálogo Co-ordinator e o encontro francos de Culturas, RC tem na limpidez a vocação e na Luís Ferreira [email protected] transparência o seu processo. Edição Internacional / International Edition is a cultural magazine published quarterly in two versions — Chinese EDITOR EXECUTIVO and International (Portuguese/English)—whose purpose is to refl ect the Executive Editor unique identity of Macao. The magazine also seeks to promote freedom of Paulo Coutinho expression and through the articles published we hope to stimulate ideas [email protected] and discussion of topics related to Western/Eastern cultural interchange, especially between China and Portugal. Edição Chinesa / Chinese Edition publishes articles covering an extensive range of topics expressing a EDITOR EXECUTIVO diversity of views. However, RC is not responsible for ideas and opinions Executive Editor voiced in these articles and thus they cannot be taken as editorial opinion. Wong Io Fong In addition, we reserve the right to withhold any unsolicited text from publication and the right not to return any unsolicited text. DIRECTOR GRÁFICO Graphic Director Victor Hugo Marreiros [email protected] CONCEPÇÃO GRÁFICA Graphic Design Grace Lei SEPARAÇÃO DE CORES Color Separation Tipografi a Macau Hung Heng Ltda. [email protected] IMPRESSÃO Printing Tipografi a Macau Hung Heng Ltda. [email protected] TIRAGEM Print Run 1500 REDACÇÃO E SECRETARIADO Publisher’s Offi ce INSTITUTO CULTURAL do Governo da R.A.E. de Macau SEP - Sector de Edições Periódicas Praça do Tap Seac, Edifício do Instituto Cultural, Macau Tel: (853) 83996322 Fax: (853) 28366806 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.icm.gov.mo 2 Revista de Cultura • 29 • 2009 RevistaAssine a de Cultura Subscribe to Review of Culture Preços / Rates A globalização do conhecimento começou em Macau no século XVI quando os saberes do Oriente e do Ocidente Exemplar Avulso / Single Copy se cruzaram nesta terra singular do Sul da China. Macau MOP 80,00 No século XXI, o intercâmbio cultural entre os dois mundos Ásia / Asia continua a ser a vocação de Macau. via aérea / air mail US$ 23,00 A Revista de Cultura é o veículo dessa vocação. via marítima / surface mail US$ 14,00 Knowledge entered into an age of globalisation in Macao in the 16th century when the wisdoms of East and West met Outros países / Other countries in this unique part of South China. via aérea / air mail US$ 29,00 In the 21st century, Macao remains dedicated to cultural interchange via marítima / surface mail US$ 16,00 between both worlds in a vocation maintained by Review of Culture. Assinatura / Subscription (4 números / issues) Macau MOP 160,00 Ásia / Asia via aérea / air mail US$ 72,00 Para fazer a assinatura ou para a compra CONTACTOS Contacts via marítima / surface mail de números atrasados, s.f.f. preencha e envie o Email: [email protected] US$ 36,00 formulário destacável que encontrará Tel: 853-83996322 nas últimas páginas desta edição. Outros países / Other countries Fax: 853-28366806 via aérea / air mail US$ 96,00 To subscribe or to purchase back issues, please fi ll in and mail the form available via marítima / surface mail at the end of this issue. US$ 44,00 2009 • 29 • Review of Culture 3 ATRIUM COLABORARAM NESTE NÚMERO Contributors to this Issue RC, n.° 29, IIIa Série, 1.° Trimestre 2009 RC, no. 29, IIIrd Series, 1st Quarter 2009 TEXTO Texts Alfredo Gomes Dias Claire Williams George Wei Gustavo Infante Jin Guo Ping Jorge de Abreu Arrimar Madalena Ribeiro Manel Ollé Rodríguez Maria Teresa Lopes da Silva Paul A. Van Dyke Wu Zhiliang TRADUÇÃO Translation PHILOS - Comunicação Global, Lda.(Espanhol-Inglês) Design Victor Hugo Marreiros REVISÃO Proofreading Chao Siu Fu (Chinês), Luís Ferreira (Português), A NOSSA CAPA T. Rex Wilson (Inglês) A presença americana em Macau – hoje em dia muito visível pela sua intervenção na indústria do jogo local – remete para um período histórico crítico, na sequência do assassinato do governador Ferreira AGRADECIMENTOS do Amaral. É precisamente este acontecimento que leva os EUA a intervir em defesa do estatuto de Macau. Acknowledgements O interesse americano na China e o entendimento de Macau como plataforma estratégica do Ocidente Dutch Nationaal Archief, Haia é formalmente reconhecido com a assinatura do primeiro tratado sino-americano em 1844, nos jardins Kungliga Biblioteket, Estocolmo do templo de Kun Iam. A partir daí, um novo actor ocidental entrava em cena na Ásia Oriental, Martyn Gregory Gallery, Londres contribuindo para a construção de novas imagens e percepções da China no Ocidente e vice-versa. Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Viena Neste número de Revista de Cultura abordamos o papel de Macau no tráfi co de cules para a América e a consequente crise diplomática Washington-Lisboa. Ainda nesta edição apresentamos novos dados sobre a “certidão de nascimento” do nome de Macau, uma visão panorâmica sobre as “potencialidades Errata e limitações” da sua actividade mercantil nos séculos XVIII e XIX e, a fechar, dois ensaios sobre autoras que Por falha não foram referidos na fi cha técnica escreveram sobre Macau: uma, natural da cidade (Deolinda da Conceição), outra, que aqui viveu (Maria da edição n.º 28 os respectivos consultores: Ondina Braga). Rui Manuel Loureiro e Arie Pos. Pelo lapso apresentamos as nossas desculpas aos dois investigadores e aos leitores. OUR COVER The names of the consultants to issue no. 28, The American presence in Macao, currently highly visible thanks to their involvement in the gaming sector, Rui Manuel Loureiro and Arie Pos, were dates back to a signifi cant period in history following the assassination of Governor Ferreira do Amaral. mistakenly omitted from the credits. We apologise. It was precisely this event that led the US to intervene in defense of Macao’s status. American interest in China, and its understanding of Macao as a strategic platform for the West, was formally acknowledged with the signing of the fi rst Sino-American treaty in 1844 in Kun Iam temple gardens. From that point on, a new actor entered the East Asian stage, making its own contribution to building new images and perceptions of China in the West, and vice-versa. In this issue of Review of Culture, we look at Macao’s role in the coolie trade to America, and the resulting diplomatic standoff between Washington and Lisbon. In this issue we also present new data on the origins of Macao’s name, an overview of the potential and limitations of its trading activities in the 18th and 19th centuries and, to close, two essays on female authors working in Macao: one born in the city (Deolinda da Conceição), the other who lived here (Maria Ondina Braga). 4 Revista de Cultura • 29 • 2009 ATRIUM SUMÁRIO Index MACAUMACAU E AS RELAÇÕESRELAÇÕES SINO-AMERICANAS * MACAOMACAO ANDAND SISINO-AMERICANNO-AMERICAN RERELATIONSLATIONS 6 THE AMERICAN PRESENCE IN MACAO: SOMESOME CHINESECHINESEES PERCEPTIONSPERCEPTIONS OFO THE U.S.U.S. 美國在澳門：中國人對美國的印象美國在澳門：中國人對美國的印象 GeorgeGeorge Wei 17 MACAU E OS CULES NA POLÍTICA DOS EUAEUA (1844-1874)(1844-1874) 美國政治中的澳門及其苦力美國政治中的澳門及其苦力其苦 (1844-1874)(184484 -1887474) MariaMariaaT TeresaTeresa LopesLopes da SilvaSilva 31 BALL E PERRY: UMA IDEIA DE MACAU (1850-1854)(1850-1854) 巴爾與貝利：一種澳門觀念 (1850-1854)(18( 50-1854)) AlfredoAlfredo GomesGomes DiasDias HISTORIOGRAFIA * HISTORIOGRAPHY 466 A CERTIDÃOCERTIDÃO DE NASCIMENTONASCIMENTO DODO NOMENOME DE MACAUMACAU 澳門名稱誕生的證明 Jin GuopingGuoping e Wu ZhiliangZhiliang 60 MACAU,MACAU, EMPÓRIOEMPÓRRIO MERCANTIL.MERCANTILIL. POTENCIALIDADESPOTENCIAALIDADDA ESS E LIMITAÇÕESLIMITAÇÕES (S(SÉCULOSÉCUULOS XVIII-XIX)XVIIII-X-XIX) 澳门作澳门作Ў商䌌中心之潜力与局限中心之心之潜力潜力与局限局 (18-1918-19 世㑾) JorgeJorge de Abreu ArrimarArrimar 78 OS JESUÍTASJESUÍTAS E A NOBREZA CRISTÃ DO SUL DO JAPÃOJAPÃO 耶穌會士與日本南方的貴族基督徒 Madalena Ribeiro 90 MANILA IN THE ZHENG CLAN MARITIME NETWORKS 鄭氏家族海事網絡中的馬尼拉 Manel Ollé Rodríguez 104 WEAVER SUCKIN AND THE CANTON SILK TRADE 1750-1781 Weaver Suckin 與 1750-1781 年間的廣州絲綢貿易 Paul A. Van Dyke LITERATURA * LITERATURE 120 RE-EXPLORING THE EMPIRE: MARIA ONDINA BRAGA’S JOURNEYS TO MACAO AND OTHER PLACES 帝國重探：昂迪娜．布拉加的澳門與別國之旅 Claire Williams 125 STATIC MACAO AND MACAO IN TRANSITION IN THE SHORT STORIES OF A MACANESE WOMAN 一位土生葡人女作家筆下的靜態與變遷中的澳門 Gustavo Infante 133 RESUMOS 135 ABSTRACTS 137 ÍNDICE DE AUTORES N.OS 25-28 AUTHORS INDEX NOS. 25-28 2009 • 29 • Review of Culture 5 The American Garden (detail). Chinese unknown artist, c. 1845. (Peabody Essex Museum). From Views of the Pearl River Delta: Macau, Canton and Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Urban Council of Hong Kong, 1996. 6 Revista de Cultura • 29 • 2009 MACAO AND SINO-AMERICAN RELATIONS The American Presence in Macao Some Chinese Perceptions of the U.S. GEORGE WEI* As we all know, before the First Opium War and in Sino-American relations. Nor can we ignore the Hong Kong’s takeover by the British, Macao served as image of the U.S. in Macao which has developed from the key bridge for economic and cultural exchanges the past.
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  • Hideyoshi Free

    Hideyoshi Free

    FREE HIDEYOSHI PDF Mary Elizabeth Berry | 293 pages | 01 Jul 1989 | HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS | 9780674390263 | English | Cambridge, Mass, United States Toyotomi Hideyoshi – Wikipedia tiếng Việt Hideyoshi to navigation. Toyotomi Hideyoshi is the second of the trio of Hideyoshi Japanese warlords Hideyoshi with Oda Nobunaga Hideyoshi Tokugawa Ieyasu whose military campaigns and political maneuvering eventually united Japan Hideyoshi the anarchy of the almost continuous bloodshed of the Warring States sengoku jidai period of Japanese history. Little is Hideyoshi about Hideyoshi's early life, though he is thought to have been born to peasant stock somewhere near the present-day Nagoya Station. Hideyoshi became a soldier Hideyoshi the army of Oda Nobunaga and is believed to have taken part in the defining Battle of Okehazuma in Nagoya in The next year he married Nene Sugaihara Yasukothe adopted daughter of Asano Nagamasawho Hideyoshi to become Hideyoshi's chief adviser in later life. Hideyoshi gradually became one of Nobunaga's most trusted lieutenants and it was Hideyoshi, who avenged his master's death at Honnoji Temple in Kyoto at Hideyoshi hand's of another of Nobunaga's sub-ordinates, Akechi Mitsuhide. At the Battle of Yamazaki, Akechi Hideyoshi defeated and killed by Hideyoshi's Hideyoshi. After deliberations among the Oda clan at Kiyosu Hideyoshi Hideyoshi backed Oda Hidenobu, a younger son of Nobunaga against his older Hideyoshi Oda Nobutaka, to succeed their father. Hideyoshi eventually took over control of the Oda clan and domains himself after a number of inconclusive skirmishes at Nagakute and Komaki in Hideyoshi Nagoya between his forces and those of Oda Nobutaka, who was allied with another regional warlord, Tokugawa Ieyasu.
  • Summer in the City

    Summer in the City

    7月 JUL | NO. 133 2014 ENGLISH VERSION | Summer in the City 24/5 - 13/7 This month marks the 9th anniversary of the UNESCO example, in which local and international bands will flood Outobro Street Art Fair and ‘Sun Never Left’ experience Reel fun! listing of the Historic Centre of Macau, an area steeped in the city with exuberant sound, while the International Youth or browse local artists’ works in ‘Art Lands of the Bird history and dotted with cherished landmarks. The ‘Step Out, Dance Festival 2014 showcases grace and beauty in Paradise’. Art lovers can also enjoy a rare opportunity Fishing has long been an important part Experience Macau Communities’ walking routes enables movement. to see ‘Masterpieces of Painting from French National of Macau’s economy because of the participants to appreciate significant items of interest in Museums,’ a tour de force of unrivalled works from this proximity of the mighty Pearl River. A districts that are often off the beaten tourist track. The Transformers 30th Anniversary Expo gets you up close year’s major Le French May event. unique 90-minute cruise, casting off from to the famous movie characters, while the IPS-Macau Doca da Ilha Verde, passes by the Inner Seasonal themes dominate for music-lovers in July International Fulldome Festival 2014 in the Macau Science And let’s not forget that little Macau has relied for centuries Harbour, Sai Van Bridge, Governor Nobre and new and exciting art and installations are attracting Museum Planetarium offers visitors an out-of-this world on the bounty of the sea; one reason a 90-minute cruise in de Carvalho Bridge and Kun Iam Statue exhibition-goers.