Congressional Record—Senate S10296
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Secrets Jeremy Bernstein
INFERENCE / Vol. 6, No. 1 Secrets Jeremy Bernstein Restricted Data: The History of Nuclear Secrecy in the decided to found a rival weapons laboratory. Even if Teller United States had offered me a job, I doubt that I would have accepted.3 by Alex Wellerstein After obtaining my degree, I was offered a job that University of Chicago Press, 528 pp., $35.00. would keep me in Cambridge for at least another year. One year became two and at the end of my second year I was uclear weapons have been shrouded in secrecy accepted at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. from the very beginning. After plutonium was It was around this time that the chairman of the physics discovered at the University of California in department at Harvard, Kenneth Bainbridge, came to me NDecember 1940, researchers led by Glenn Seaborg submit- with an offer. Bainbridge had been an important figure at ted a pair of letters to the Physical Review. The details of Los Alamos during the war. Robert Oppenheimer had put their discovery were withheld from publication until after him in charge of the site in New Mexico where the Trinity the war.1 Once the project to make a nuclear weapon got test had taken place.4 Bainbridge told me that the labora- underway, secrecy became a very serious matter indeed. tory was offering summer jobs to young PhDs and asked The story of these efforts and how they evolved after the if I was interested. I was very interested. Los Alamos had war is the subject of Alex Wellerstein’s Restricted Data: an almost mystical significance for me due to its history The History of Nuclear Secrecy in the United States. -
Current & Future Uranium Enrichment Technologies
The History of the Gas Centrifuge and Its Role in Nuclear Proliferation Houston Wood, Professor Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering University of Virginia Presented at Wilson Center Washington, D.C. January 20, 2010 Early Days • Isotopes were discovered in early 1900’s. • Centrifuge separation of isotopes first suggested by Lindemann and Aston (1919) • Chapman, Mulliken, Harkens and others tried unsuccessful experiments. • First successful experiments at UVA in 1934 by Prof. Jesse Beams with isotopes of Chlorine. • Attempts to use centrifuges in Manhattan project were unsuccessful. 20 January 2010 Houston Wood Professor Jesse W. Beams University of Virginia 1898 - 1977 20 January 2010 Houston Wood Early Days at UVA • Work on centrifuges during Manhattan project had a number of failures. • Project was terminated. • Concern over potential competition from German centrifuges led AEC to restart work at UVA in 1955 under guidance of A.R. Kulthau. 20 January 2010 Houston Wood Meanwhile in Europe • German research was being led by Konrad Beyerle in Göttingen and Wilhelm Groth at University of Bonn • Research in the Netherlands was being directed by Jacob Kistemaker. 20 January 2010 Houston Wood USSR • At the end of WWII, Soviets took many POWs from Germany. • They started effort to develop nuclear weapons. • Organization at Sinop: – Von Ardenne – Electromagnetic Separation – Thiessen – Gaseous Diffusion – Steenbeck Group – Included Centrifuge 20 January 2010 Houston Wood USSR (cont’d) • Competition between gaseous diffusion and gas centrifuge. • Reputed problems with GD enriching to weapons grade level. • Centrifuge considered for “topping off.” • Competition for long rotor vs. short rotor. • Steenbeck group transferred from Sinop to Kirov plant in Leningrad (~1951). -
USAF Counterproliferation Center CPC Outreach Journal #560
USAF COUNTERPROLIFERATION CENTER CPC OUTREACH JOURNAL Maxwell AFB, Alabama Issue No. 560, 12 March 2007 Articles & Other Documents: Air Force begins giving mandatory anthrax shots in U.S. And Iran Have Been Talking, Quietly Korea U.N. Nuclear Agency Curtails Technical Assistance To Nuclear Weapons Rarely Needed, General Says Iran Defector's Intel Trove Talks On Payments From Iran Founder Where Those Reactors And Centrifuges Came From Iran's President Wants To Tell Security Council Of Nuclear Aims THE UNTHINKABLE Can the United States be made safe from nuclear terrorism? Welcome to the CPC Outreach Journal. As part of USAF Counterproliferation Center’s mission to counter weapons of mass destruction through education and research, we’re providing our government and civilian community a source for timely counterproliferation information. This information includes articles, papers and other documents addressing issues pertinent to US military response options for dealing with nuclear, biological and chemical threats and attacks. It’s our hope this information resource will help enhance your counterproliferation issue awareness. Established in 1998, the USAF/CPC provides education and research to present and future leaders of the Air Force, as well as to members of other branches of the armed services and Department of Defense. Our purpose is to help those agencies better prepare to counter the threat from weapons of mass destruction. Please feel free to visit our web site at http://cpc.au.af.mil/ for in-depth information and specific points of contact. Please direct any questions or comments on CPC Outreach Journal to Jo Ann Eddy, CPC Outreach Editor, at (334) 953-7538 or DSN 493-7538. -
Pohick Bay Park Celebrates Expansion News, Page 8
Pohick Bay Park Celebrates Expansion News, Page 8 Classifieds, Page 9 Classifieds, v Pohick Bay Park celebrates land acquisition: The popular park welcomes about 1,000 users on an average summer Saturday for camping, hiking, and water activities. Hiding at the Top of the Ticket News, Page 3 Requested in home 10-23-20 home in Requested Time sensitive material. material. sensitive Time Attention Postmaster: Postmaster: Attention ECR WSS ECR ‘We’re Sort of God’s Customer Postal permit #322 permit Easton, MD Easton, PAID Emergency Room’ Postage U.S. News, Page 6 STD PRSRT Photos by Susan Laume/The ConnectionPhotos Opinion, Page 4 October 22-28, 2020 online at www.connectionnewspapers.com 2 v Burke / Fairfax / Fairfax Station/Clifton/Lorton / Springfield v October 22-28, 2020 www.ConnectionNewspapers.com News Hiding at the Top of the Ticket Race for Senate features two-term incumbent versus first-time candidate. By Michael Lee Pope Gazette Packet hen Mark Warner ran for governor in 2001, opponents knocked him for wanting to Wbe governor without having ever run for office before. Now, almost 20 years later, Warner is seeking a third term in the Senate. His Republican opponent in the race, Daniel Gade, has never held elected of- fice before. And Gade’s closing argument to voters as the campaign draws to a close is that they should reject Warner because he’s a “career politician” who is little more than a partisan hack masquerading as a moderate. “When he says he’s going to work across the aisle, what we really see is him retreat- ing into his partisan positions,” said Gade in the third and final televised debate earlier this week. -
\.J ,. John an Mccone/ , ,I;' I Chai7;>Man ' Genei'm A, R
REDACTED COpy Conglreu of the United Statea Joint Committ&:t, on Atomic Ener,>gy Full Committee -=- ,....-'".~_. Meeting No" Time; 10:00 a.tIl> pu.,ce: Room FQ88.• the Capitol Date: Auguat 30. 1960 PURPOSE WITNESSES. AEC \.J ,. , ,I;' John An McCone/i Chai7;>man ' GeneI'M A, R. ~edecke, Gene>l>'al 1'.![anagel' Geol>' ge F. Quinn, DiX'ectOl:'. Div. 0% Plfoduetion Charle.lI L.Marllhall. Dil"?edol:', Di,'" of Clsasification D1:. :?aul McDaniel, pUector, Div, of Relleal:'ch I:lJ:'. (;. L. Rogolla, Oiv.l')f Re8eOlS.d~ Ino ¢eorge A, Kolatlld, Chief, PIWF1.ell and Mathematics Blranch; Div. of Rel!iIlall',ch , ., , I / S&ate 0!:Ral:t.m'!~ / Chul!lll Sullivan /) EXECUTIVE SESSION MEETING NO. 86-2-49 TUESDAY, AUGUST JO, 1960 Joint Committee on Atomic Energy Congress of the United States Washington, D. C. The Joint Committee on Atomic Energy met, pursuant to call, at 10:15 p.m., in the Committee Room, the Capitol, Honorable Clinton p. Anderson (Chairman) presiding. Present were: Senators Clinton p. Anderson (presiding), John O. Pastore, Albert Gore, Bourke B. Hickenlooper and Wallace Bennett; Representatives Chet Holifield, Melvin Price, James E. Van Zandt, Craig Hosmer and William Bates. Committee Consultants present: Captain Edward J. Bauser, USN, and Lt. Colonel Richard T. Lunger. Committee staff present: James T. Ramey, Executive Director, John T. Conway, David R. Toll, Carey Brewer, George T. Murphy, Jr., and Kenneth MacAlpine. Representatives of the Atomic Energy Commission: Honorable John A. McCone, Chairman, Honorable Robert E. Wilson and Hooorable Loren Olson, Commissioners, General A. R. Luedecke, General Manager, George F. -
How the Gas Centrifuge Changed the Quest for Nuclear Weapons
7KH(QGRI0DQKDWWDQ+RZWKH*DV&HQWULIXJH&KDQJHG WKH4XHVWIRU1XFOHDU:HDSRQV 56FRWW.HPS Technology and Culture, Volume 53, Number 2, April 2012, pp. 272-305 (Article) 3XEOLVKHGE\7KH-RKQV+RSNLQV8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV DOI: 10.1353/tech.2012.0046 For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/tech/summary/v053/53.2.kemp.html Access provided by username 'llane' (21 Feb 2015 01:49 GMT) 04_TEC53.2kemp 272–305:03_49.3dobraszczyk 568– 4/30/12 10:55 AM Page 272 The End of Manhattan How the Gas Centrifuge Changed the Quest for Nuclear Weapons R.SCOTTKEMP Introduction The first nuclear weapons were born from technologies of superindus- trial scale. The Manhattan Project exceeded the domestic automobile in- dustry in its size. The gaseous-diffusion plant that enriched uranium at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee employed at its peak some 12,000 people, enclosed forty-four acres under a single roof, and by 1945 consumed nearly three times the electricity of the highly industrialized city of Detroit.1 In the 1940s and ’50s the making of nuclear bombs was under- stood to be a massive undertaking that required vast resources and nearly unparalleled human ingenuity. The U.S. atomic enterprise encouraged a way of thinking about nuclear proliferation that was intimately tied to technol- ogy and industry. In the words of President Harry S. Truman, it seemed “doubtful if such another combination could be got together in the world.”2 The difficulty was not in the bomb per se—scientists had warned that this step would not be hard to replicate—but rather in the apparently mas- sive effort needed to produce the nuclear-explosive materials that fueled the R. -
Warner Leads Gade, 57%-37%, in U.S
Christopher Newport University THE WASON CENTER October 28, 2020 Biden leads Trump, 53%-41%, among likely Va. voters; Warner leads Gade, 57%-37%, in U.S. Senate race; redistricting amendment strongly favored, 54%-24% Summary of Key Findings 1. Democrat Joe Biden enters the final week of voting with a 12- point lead over President Donald Trump among likely Virginia voters, 53%-41%. 2. For U.S. Senate, Democrat Mark Warner holds a commanding 20-point lead over Republican Daniel Gade, 57%-37%, 3. Voters show strong, bipartisan approval (54%-24%) for Constitutional Amendment 1, establishing a redistricting commission to draw state and congressional district lines. 4. Biden’s advantage is built on Democrats’ usual coalition of Black voters (90%-9%), women (60%-38%), and college- educated voters (60-35%), plus a lead among older voters (54%-42%) and an even split among men (46%-45%). 5. Virginia voters say the COVID-19 pandemic is the most important issue for the next president to address (29%), followed by the economy (21%) and health care (13%). For further information, contact: Dr. Quentin Kidd [email protected] O: (757) 594-8499 Academic Director @QuentinKidd M: (757) 775-6932 Dr. Rebecca Bromley-Trujillo [email protected] O: (757) 594-9140 Research Director @becky_btru M: (269) 598-5008 1 Analysis Presidential Race: With Election Day just under a week away, Democrat Joe Biden holds a commanding lead over President Donald Trump in Virginia. Among likely voters, Biden leads Trump by 12 points, 53%-41%. Very few voters remain undecided (4%), with many voters having already cast their ballots in-person or by mail. -
About Daniel
Dr. Daniel Gade is a retired U.S. Army His new, serious disability was life changing, ABOUT lieutenant colonel, professor, and public but he decided to thrive. A year to the day DANIEL policy leader. During more than 20 years after his injuries, he started his Master of Public of military service, he was awarded the Administration, and later went on to earn a PhD Legion of Merit, Bronze Star, and two Purple in public administration and policy. He served Daniel resides in Alexandria Hearts. Daniel graduated from West Point in in President George W. Bush’s administration, with his wife of 20 years, 1997 and served in multiple locations in the working on veteran issues and military healthcare, Wendy, and their three children. United States and Korea. and has since served on several national-level policy councils, including the National Council In 2004, his unit deployed to Iraq for on Disability and the VA Advisory Committee on Operation Iraqi Freedom. He led his unit Disability Compensation. of 150 soldiers on many combat missions, was wounded by enemy fire twice, and was He taught political science, economics, and decorated for valor. His second combat leadership courses at the United States Military wounding caused his entire right leg to Academy (West Point) from 2011 until his be amputated, and he spent the next year retirement from the Army in 2017. He served in in the hospital, enduring more than 40 the Trump Administration for 15 months, and surgeries. is now a professor at American University in Washington, DC. IMPROVING OUR ECONOMY DEFENDING LIFE Once America wins the war against the virus and our economy Daniel stands with life 100% and believes that an unborn child begins to bounce back, Daniel will fight to regain our record has a fundamental right to life. -
GADE 19-06 8-Pg Book
GadeforVirginia.com Ride On... SAME OATH. NEW MISSION! GadeforVirginia.com about DANIEL GADE... DEFENDING FREEDOM In 2004, his unit deployed to Iraq for Operation Iraqi Freedom. He led his unit of 150 soldiers on many combat missions, was wounded by enemy fire twice, and was decorated for valor. His second combat wounding caused his entire right leg to be amputated, and he spent the next year in the hospital, enduring more than 40 surgeries. OVERCOMING CHALLENGES His new, serious disability was life changing, but he decided to thrive. A year to the day after his injuries, he started his Master of Public Administration, and later went on to earn a PhD in public administration and policy. He served in President George W. Bush’s administration, working on veteran issues and military healthcare, and has since served on several national-level policy councils, including the National Council on Disability and the VA Advisory Committee on Disability Compensation. Dr. Daniel Gade is a retired U.S. Army Lieutenant Colonel, professor, and public policy leader. During more than 20 years of military service, he was awarded the Legion of Merit, Bronze Star, and two Purple Hearts. Daniel graduated from West Point in 1997 and served in multiple locations in the United States and Korea. *Military Images and Information Do Not Imply Endorsement by DoD or Service Branch For fun, Daniel does hard things: he mountain bikes and road bikes and enjoys CrossFit. In 2010, he competed in the Ironman 70.3 World Championships, where he won the paratriathlon category. A week later, he completed Ironman Arizona, pedaling the 112 miles with only one leg. -
German Scientists in the Soviet Atomic Project
PAVEL V. OLEYNIKOV German Scientists in the Soviet Atomic Project PAVEL V. OLEYNIKOV1 Pavel Oleynikov has been a group leader at the Institute of Technical Physics of the Russian Federal Nuclear Center in Snezhinsk (Chelyabinsk-70), Russia. He can be reached by e-mail at <[email protected]>. he fact that after World War II the Soviet Union This article first addresses what the Soviets knew at took German scientists to work on new defense the end of World War II about the German bomb pro- Tprojects in that country has been fairly well docu- gram and then discusses their efforts to collect German mented.2 However, the role of German scientists in the technology, scientists, and raw materials, particularly advancement of the Soviet atomic weapons program is uranium, after the war. Next, it reviews the Soviets’ use controversial. In the United States in the 1950s, Russians of German uranium and scientists in particular labora- were portrayed as “retarded folk who depended mainly tories working on different aspects of atomic weapons on a few captured German scientists for their achieve- development. It discusses the contributions and careers ments, if any.”3 Russians, for their part, vehemently deny of several German scientists and their possible motiva- all claims of the German origins of the Soviet bomb and tions for participating in the Soviet bomb program. The wield in their defense the statement of Max Steenbeck importance of the Germans’ contributions was reflected (a German theorist who pioneered supercritical centri- in the awards and other acknowledgments they fuges for uranium enrichment in the USSR) 4 that “all received from the Soviet government, including numer- talk that Germans have designed the bomb for the Sovi- ous Stalin Prizes in the late 1940s and early 1950s. -
1201 Centrifuges a New Era for Nuclear Proliferation
WORKING PAPER 1201 Centrifuges: A New Era for Nuclear Proliferation R. Scott Kemp June 2012 Nonproliferation Policy Education Center Centrifuges: A New Era for Nuclear Proliferation by R. Scott Kemp Nonproliferation Policy Education Center Working Paper 1201 June 2012 Series Editor: Henry D. Sokolski Copyright © 2017 by Henry D. Sokolski Nonproliferation Policy Education Center Arlington, VA 22209 www.npolicy.org Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writting from the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center. Nonproliferation Policy Education Center The Nonproliferation Policy Education Center (NPEC), a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization, is a nonpartisan, educational organization founded in 1994 to promote a better understanding of strategic weapons proliferation issues. NPEC educates policymakers, journalists, and university professors about proliferation threats and possible new policies and measures to meet them. For current publications of the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, please visit www.npolicy.org. Contents The Emergence of Supply-Side Controls ...................................................................................2 The Development and Spread of Centrifuge Technology ............................................................5 Reconsidering Nonproliferation Options .................................................................................11 Reducing the -
Great Falls on Saturday, Oct
Page, 6 Classifieds, Page 10 Classifieds, v Opinion, Page 4 A long line awaits in-person early voters in Great Falls on Saturday, Oct. 17, the first day the satellite voting location at Making Sure Their the Great Falls Library opened. Votes Are Counted Hiding at the News, Page 8 Requested in home 10-22-20 home in Requested Top of the Ticket material. sensitive Time News, Page 3 Postmaster: Attention ECR WSS ECR Postal Customer Postal permit #322 permit Easton, MD Easton, Home As a Safe Haven PAID U.S. Postage U.S. News, Page 9 STD PRSRT Photo by Mercia Hobson/The Connection by Mercia Hobson/The Photo October 21-27, 2020 online at www.connectionnewspapers.com 2 v Great Falls Connection v October 21-27, 2020 www.ConnectionNewspapers.com News Hiding at the Top of the Ticket Race for Senate features two-term incumbent versus first-time candidate. By Michael Lee Pope Gazette Packet hen Mark Warner ran for governor in 2001, opponents knocked him for wanting to Wbe governor without having ever run for office before. Now, almost 20 years later, Warner is seeking a third term in the Senate. His Republican opponent in the race, Daniel Gade, has never held elected of- fice before. And Gade’s closing argument to voters as the campaign draws to a close is that they should reject Warner because he’s a “career politician” who is little more than a partisan hack masquerading as a moderate. “When he says he’s going to work across the aisle, what we really see is him retreat- ing into his partisan positions,” said Gade in the third and final televised debate earlier this week.