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2020 Le Tecniche Costruttive Negli Scritti Di Architettura in Europa Tra rivista di storia dell’architettura università degli studi di firenze le tecniche costruttive 2020 negli scritti di architettura in europa tra rinascimento e prima età moderna FIRENZE UNIVERSITY PRESS rivista di storia dell’architettura università degli studi di firenze 2020 Nuova Serie, anno VI | 2020 Rivista del Dipartimento di Architettura Le tecniche costruttive negli scritti di architettura Sezione di Storia dell’Architettura e della Città in Europa tra Rinascimento e prima Età Moderna Università degli Studi di Firenze Construction Techniques and Writings on Architecture in Renaissance and Early Modern Pubblicazione annuale Europe Registrazione al Tribunale di Firenze a cura di Caterina Cardamone e Pieter Martens n. 5426 del 28.05.2005 ISSN 2239-5660 (print) ISSN 2035-9217 (online) Direttore responsabile Saverio Mecca | Università degli Studi di Firenze Direttore scientifico In copertina Gianluca Belli | Università degli Studi di Firenze C. Bartoli, L’architettura di Leonbatista Alberti. Tradotta in lingua Fiorentina da Cosimo Bartoli Gentil’huomo e Accademico fiorentino. Consiglio scientifico Con l’aggiunta de Disegni, Firenze 1550, p. 70. Amedeo Belluzzi | Università degli Studi di Firenze Mario Bevilacqua | Università degli Studi di Firenze Alessandro Brodini | Università degli Studi di Firenze Cammy Brothers | Northeastern University, Boston (MA) Tutti i saggi sono sottoposti a un procedimento di revisione affidato a Joseph Connors | Harvard University specialisti disciplinari, con il sistema del ‘doppio cieco’. Francesco Paolo Di Teodoro | Politecnico di Torino Emanuela Ferretti | Università degli Studi di Firenze All essays are subjected to a double-blind peer review process prior to Sara Galletti | Duke University, Durham (NC) publication. Roberto Gargiani | Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Alessandro Nova | Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florenz Riccardo Pacciani | Università degli Studi di Firenze Susanna Pasquali | Università di Roma “La Sapienza” L’opera è stata realizzata grazie al contributo del DIDA Brenda Preyer | The University of Texas at Austin Dipartimento di Architettura | Università degli Studi di Firenze Alessandro Rinaldi | Università degli Studi di Firenze via della Mattonaia, 8 50121 Firenze Georg Satzinger | Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn Coordinamento redazionale e segreteria scientifica Daniela Smalzi Coordinamento editoriale e progetto grafico Susanna Cerri, Federica Giulivo Caratteri albertiani della testata Con il sostegno della Vrije Universiteit Brussel Chiara Vignudini Logo “Opus” Grazia Sgrilli da Donatello Copyright: © The Author(s) 2020 This is an open access journal distribuited under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) Published by Firenze University Press | Università degli Studi di Firenze Firenze University Press Via Cittadella, 7 - 50144 Firenze, Italy www.fupress.com sommario 8 | Le tecniche costruttive negli scritti di architettura in Europa tra Rinascimento e prima Età Moderna Caterina Cardamone, Pieter Martens 12 | “Ancora nel fare s’adatteranno meglio che con parole non si può dire”: alcune considerazioni sui passaggi tecnico-costruttivi nell’architettonico libro di Filarete Caterina Cardamone 22 | Francesco di Giorgio on Mechanics: A Quattrocento Lesson on the Transmission of Knowledge Sophie Elaine Wolf 34 | The French Way of Building in Rome: S. Agostino and SS. Trinità dei Monti Hubertus Günther 54 | Hard to Obtain, Hard to Translate: Lime and Earth Construction in Early Modern Portuguese Writings on Architecture and Fortification Margarida Tavares da Conceição 68 | Légitimer le traité technique : la rhétorique de Philibert De l’Orme dans les Nouvelles inventions et le Premier tome Yves Pauwels 76 | Épures d’architecture: Geometric Constructions for Vault Building in Philibert de L’Orme’s Premier tome de l’architecture (1567) Sara Galletti 90 | L’apparition du traité technique au XVIe siècle en France et sa fortune au XVIIe siècle de Mathurin Jousse à Claude Perrault Frédérique Lemerle 98 | La valeur de l’exemple dans le Traité d’architecture (v. 1714) de Philippe de La Hire Claire Ollagnier, Hélène Rousteau-Chambon 114 | Sparkles under the Northern Sun: The Danckerts Press and the Slow Introduction of Writing on Building Technique in the Dutch Republic Jeroen Goudeau 130 | Les termes liégeois et français dans l’architecture domestique à Liège au XVIIIe siècle : l’exemple du vocabulaire de la cheminée Isabelle Gilles 140 | “Litterarum plane rudis sed ingenii acumine adeo praestans”: impalcati per la manutenzione dell’architettura nella Roma settecentesca tra pratica artigianale, sperimentazione tecnica e codifica teorica Nicoletta Marconi Caterina Cardamone, Pieter Martens Le tecniche costruttive negli scritti di architettura in Europa tra Rinascimento e prima Età moderna This thematic issue of Opus Incertum explores the complex relationship between construction practices and architectural writings in early modern Europe. Through selected case studies from Italy, France, Portugal and the Low Countries, it considers how allegedly oral building traditions were confronted with writing, how they adapted their time-honoured methods to theoretical frameworks, and how they used drawing in support of writing for the communication of technical know-how. Various texts on building materials and construction methods are examined to assess why and how they transmitted technical knowledge and how they related to actual building practice; the literary and rhetorical aspects of technical passages on construction are analysed to illuminate their role within the architectural treatise as a whole; and translations and adaptations of internationally circulating texts on construction are looked at to see if and how these were adjusted to local circumstances. La questione sollevata in questo numero di Opus Questo numero di Opus Incertum si concentra struttivi dei trattati possano effettivamente esau- Incertum, Le tecniche costruttive negli scritti di invece sugli altri due temi, ovvero gli aspetti let- rirsi nella necessità autopromozionale che in architettura in Europa tra Rinascimento e pri- terari e retorici che presiedono alla scrittura di parte presiede alla scrittura del trattato e in che ma Età Moderna (Construction Techniques and tecnica e i problemi di traduzione e adattamen- misura possano invece essere lette come vettori Writings on Architecture in Renaissance and Ear- to del lessico tecnico nella circolazione interna- di una specifica cultura tecnico-costruttiva. Sem- ly Modern Europe), è stata discussa per la prima zionale dei testi. bra ormai chiaro che la portata dei passaggi tec- volta in occasione di un convegno organizzato Un approccio storiografico prevalente ha lunga- nico-costruttivi travalichi i riferimenti vitruviani; tra Bruxelles e Namur nel febbraio 2015. Il con- mente portato a eludere un aspetto, nella scrittu- piuttosto, in alcuni casi, le annotazioni tecniche vegno indagava il complesso rapporto tra cultu- ra dei trattati, che viene ora affrontato in ambi- costituiscono uno straordinario e sottovalutato ra costruttiva e teoria architettonica mettendo in ti disciplinari estranei alla storia dell’architettu- documento della prassi costruttiva. evidenza tre aspetti: le possibili connessioni tra ra, come ad esempio la storia della scienza. Nel- Ulteriori spunti, nello studio delle informazio- trattati di architettura e pratica di costruzione; gli la lettura storiografica corrente, infatti, il tratta- ni costruttive, possono provenire dalle modalità aspetti retorico-letterari inerenti alla scrittura di to non è considerato uno strumento adatto a vei- della loro circolazione attraverso i trattati. Un’a- tecnica; la questione della traduzione e dell’adat- colare informazioni tecniche e i passaggi tecnici nalisi delle informazioni che vengono mante- tamento a circostanze locali dei trattati italiani vengono raramente analizzati nel loro contenu- nute, adattate o eliminate in fase di traduzione nella loro circolazione in Europa1. to – con poche ma interessantissime eccezioni. può fornire interessanti elementi sul valore che Un primo gruppo di cinque saggi, dedicati al Nello studio dei trattati viene piuttosto eviden- i lettori contemporanei attribuiscono ai passaggi primo tema, quindi ai legami tra trattatistica e ziata la costruzione retorica del testo nel conte- tecnico-costruttivi, sull’attenzione che i passaggi prassi costruttiva, è stato pubblicato nel 2017 sto del mecenatismo rinascimentale: i passaggi tecnici ricevono dai contemporanei, e sul pub- sulla rivista Aedificare2, con i contributi di Pier tecnici vengono quindi letti come elementi che blico dei loro lettori. Nicola Pagliara (sull’esperienza costruttiva mettono in evidenza con chiarezza la mutua di- L’argomento esige alcune precauzioni e preci- nel De re aedificatoria di Leon Battista Alber- pendenza tra principe e tecnico. sazioni. Se il rapporto tra testo e architettura co- ti), Gianluca Belli (sulle volte nell’architettu- Ci si può chiedere allora di che cosa scrivano gli struita all’interno di un contesto culturale spe- ra di Giuliano da Sangallo), Francesco Benelli autori quando scrivono di tecnica e quali siano cifico è già abbastanza spinoso, la questione di- (sul disegno e la costruzione del capitello ioni- gli argomenti tecnici che meglio si prestano a venta ancora più complessa quando si passi ad co in Antonio da Sangallo il Giovane), Huber- trasmettere un messaggio
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