Mylnefield Mansion House – from Construction to Demolition Thomas A
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Mylnefield Mansion House – from Construction to Demolition Thomas A. Mylne, 27 September 2016 Introduction Mylnefield House was located just over one kilometre to the west of Invergowrie, Scotland, on land formerly known as Muirton. In 1688 Thomas Mylne of Muirton purchased Kingoodie ‘now and for ever to be called Mylnefield’ [1], and soon after that date Thomas became known as Thomas Mylne of Mylnefield. The name Muirton continued to be used in the Perth cess books, but it seems to have disappeared from common usage by 1744 when reference is made in a sasine to “Millfield olim Muirtoun voca(tu)r” (Mylnefield sometime called Muirtoun) [2]. The estate of Mylnefield was sold by the James, the last Mylne of Mylnefield, to William Henderson of Grange of Barry in late 1838 [1839; 1840]. Mylnefield House was often referred to as a ‘mansion house’ in newspaper advertisements in the 1800s. It was a substantial house, for which the window tax in 1754 and subsequent years was assessed on the basis of 37 windows. The house no longer stands, although there is a new house in more or less the same location, also known as Mylnefield House. Construction The mansion house was certainly not in existence in 1694 when “Thomas Mill of Millfeild – In his owen Hous” was assessed for hearth tax on the basis of only 2 hearths [1694] [3]. This is consistent with the fact that houses named “Pilmure”, “Mooreton” (and “Kingudy”) on Adair’s map dating from between 1583 and 1596 are each shown with two chimneys (that is, two hearths) [1583]. A house named “Muirton” is still shown as a house with two chimneys, identical in size to the house named “Pilmuir” on Adair’s engraved version of his map, published in about 1720 [1720]. In 1748, James Mylne paid window tax assessed on 21 windows [1748] whereas in 1753 (and thereafter) Thomas Mylne’s window tax was assessed on 37 windows [1753]. It seems reasonable to conclude that either (a) the house was under construction in 1748 and completed by 1753 or (b) it was constructed to a smaller size a little earlier than 1748 (but not earlier than 1720), and extended between 1748 and 1753. Either way, it appears that the mansion house was completed in about 1750. Mylnefield is one of only three mansions described in old Statistical Account chapter on the parish of Longforgan (1797), but it is obviously regarded as considerably less important than Castle Huntly or Drimmie [1797] [4]. The one-paragraph description of Mylnefield includes the remark that “The grounds are laid out in great taste by Mr White.” Thomas White was a student of Capability Brown and an “an eminent Landscape Gardener, well known in Scotland” in the second half of the eighteenth century [1828]. Demolition According to a brief entry in Lost Houses of Scotland, Mylnefield was demolished in about 1946 [5]. Kathleen Mylne noted in 1966, in an updated version of her husband’s memoirs, that [1] Particular Registers of Sasines Perthshire, RS52/Vol 10, p. 247v-250r. Kingoodie was later (and probably also in 1688) well-known for its quarry, but it was also a farm. [2] National Records of Scotland, General Register of Sasines, RS3/180 f. 305v – 310v. Translated by D. Baptie. [3] References of the form [1694] refer to items numbered (dated) accordingly in the Appendix. [4] Drimmie was at that time the home of Lord Kinnaird, a major landholder of the parish. By 1895, the family had relocated to Rossy Priory in the neighbouring parish of Inchture, and no trace remained of Drimmie (Philip, Parish of Longforgan, 19). [5] Marcus Binney, John Harris and Emma Winnington, Lost Houses of Scotland (London: SAVE Britain's Heritage, 1980), last page. Mylnefield is listed as a demolished house under the heading “Perthshire”, the full extent of the entry being “Mylnefield (ca. 1946)”. 2 Since this was written [in 1944], the old Mylnefield House had to be demolished owing to dry-rot, and the present owner, Mrs Barrie, has built a new Mylnefield on the site of the stables, using the lovely tiles and some of the old stone. The site of the old house with its central well, is now marked by a paved sunken garden. The original gardens are still in perfect order [1]. I conclude that the original Mylnefield mansion house existed for almost exactly two centuries: from about 1750 until about 1946. We turn now to suggestions that Mylnefield House was damaged and/or rebuilt during its life. The meal mob riot of 1773 On 8 January 1773, only 25 or so years after the mansion house was completed, a riotous mob marched in a noisy and tumultuous manner [from Dundee] to the house of Mylnefield, where they broke and demolished everything of furnishing and finishing about the house; and then a great body of them retreated, loaded, many of them with the spoils [2]. Two months later, on 15 March, 1773, several men were charged with (among other offences) violently breaking open the doors and windows of the house of Thomas Mylne of Mylnefield Esq; … and carrying off or destroying everything therein, to a very considerable value [3]. Although this newspaper report refers to the “acts … of demolishing the house or breaking and carrying off the furniture”, it seems that the mob was more interested in robbery and vandalism than in damaging the fabric of the house. The damage to the house was probably superficial and probably called for repairs rather than rebuilding. Architectural work in 1897 As at September 2016, Historic Environment Scotland’s Canmore record for Mylnefield House includes the following note under the heading ‘Architecture Notes’: ARCHITECT: Major Thomas Martin Cappon 1897 [4]. This suggests that significant building (or rebuilding or alteration) work took place at Mylnefield House in that year. However the online Dictionary of Scottish Architects entry for Thomas Martin Cappon [5] includes in the list of “buildings or structures” with which Cappon was involved: 1897 House at East Mylnefield, Invergowrie (Perthshire/Angus, Scotland) Probably assisted by William Fleming Wilkie, whose family owned the property. 1897 Model railway cottages on East Mylnefield estate, Invergowrie (Perthshire/Angus, Scotland). The online Dictionary of Scottish Architects entry for William Fleming Wilkie [6] includes in the list of “buildings or structures” with which Wilkie was involved: 1897 House at East Mylnefield, Invergowrie (Perthshire/Angus, Scotland) Probably largely responsible for the design, as assistant to T M Cappon (the property belonged to Wilkie's family). [1] Thomas A. Mylne, The Mylnes of Lota: Memoirs and biographical sketches by Graham D. Mylne, Graham E. Mylne, Kathleen A. Mylne and others plus Articles based on research by Thomas A. Mylne and James A. Mylne (Wollongong, Australia: Thomas A Mylne, 2016), 53. Available online at http://mylnefieldmylne.wixsite.com/family. [2] The Scots Magazine (Fri 01 Jan 1773), 17. [3] The Scots Magazine (Tue 01 Jun 1773), 329. [4] Canmore, Mylnefield House (online). Accessed 25 Sep 2016. [5] Dictionary of Scottish Architects, Thomas Martin Cappon (online). [6] Dictionary of Scottish Architects, William Fleming Wilkie (online). 3 There is no mention of Mylnefield House in the list of Cappon’s (or Wilkie’s) works. The work that Cappon undertook in 1897 was on East Mylnefield estate: a house and some model railway cottages. Easter Mylnefield is shown on the 1902 Ordnance Survey 25 inch to the mile map Forfarshire 053.11 [1] From this map, which was revised to 1900, just three years after Cappon’s East Mylnefield commissions were executed, it is clear that Easter Mylnefield House was located on what is now Errol Road, Invergowrie, more or less where this road now intersects with Johnston Ave. The house shown on the 1902 map is also shown on later OS maps, but is now no longer in existence. It is clear that the “house at East Mylnefield” was not Mylnefield House, and there is no reason to believe that Thomas Martin Cappon undertook architectural work in relation to Mylnefield House in 1897 or at any other time. Reconstruction in 1899 A photograph of the House in Brotchie’s Old Carse of Gowrie – East carries the following caption: Mylnefield house, photographed here in 1903, was a ‘handsome mansion, sheltered with stately timber’. The home of Mr Henderson, proprietor of the West Kingoodie Quarries, it was later owned by William Wilkie, architect and partner in Thomas and Wilkie in Dundee. It was severely damaged by fire in 1899 then reconstructed to Wilkie’s design [2]. It is noticeable that the house shown in the photograph hosts a substantial growth of creeper, only four years after the house was allegedly severely damaged by fire. Brotchie’s caption to the photograph of Kingoodie House commences: Kingoodie House was redesigned and updated for his own use by the architect William Wilkie of Mylnefield but more recently has been further reconstructed into flats. [3]. In fact the house damaged by fire in 1899 was Kingoodie House. According to the press report, a fire on the night of 9 February 1899 left the house “a blackened ruin, the only portion remaining standing being the north wing, the stables adjoining, and some outhouses.” The owner of the house was Mr Wilkie, a “well-known butcher in Dundee”. After fleeing the house to escape the fire, Mr Wilkie and his wife and family were accommodated at Mylnefield House [1899]. The online Dictionary of Scottish Architects entry for William Fleming Wilkie [4] includes in the list of “buildings or structures” with which Wilkie was involved: 1899 Kingoodie House, Invergowrie (Perthshire/Angus, Scotland) Remodelled for his own occupation.