Caudata Hibernacula

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Caudata Hibernacula CAUDATA HIBERNACULA - Does the species hibernate in an aquatic or terrestrial habitat? Species Common Name Hibernacula Cryptobranchidae Giant Salamander Cryptobranchus a. alleganiensis Eastern Hellbender Unk Sirenidae Sirens Siren i. intermedia Eastern Lesser Siren A (Cagle and Smith 1939) Siren lacertina Greater Siren Unk Amphiumidae Congo Eels Amphiuma means Two-toed Amphiuma Unk Proteidae Waterdogs Necturus m. maculosus Common Mudpuppy Unk-- Petranka (1998) mentions two references where mudpuppies seen active in winter Necturus punctatus Dwarf Waterdog Unk Salamandridae True Salamanders Notophthalmus v. viridescens Red-spotted Newt T (Hurlbert 1969) Ambystomatidae Mole Salamanders Ambystoma barbouri Streamside Salamander T (Pauley pers. comm.) Ambystoma jeffersonianum Jefferson Salamander T (Pauley pers. comm.) Ambystoma laterale Blue-spotted Salamander T (Storey and Storey 1986) Ambystoma mabeei Mabee's Salamander T (Pauley pers. comm.) Ambystoma maculatum Spotted Salamander T (Pauley pers. comm.) Ambystoma opacum Marbled Salamander T (Douglas and Monroe 1981) Ambystoma talpoideum Mole Salamander T (Pauley pers. comm.) Ambystoma texanum Small-mouthed Salamander T (Pauley pers. comm.) Ambystoma t. tigrinum Eastern Tiger Salamander T (Pauley pers. comm.) Plethodontidae Lungless Salamanders Aneides aeneus Green Salamander T Desmognathus auriculatus Southern Dusky Salamander Desmognathus f. fuscus Northern Dusky Salamander T (Ashton 1975) Desmognathus marmoratus Shovel-nosed Salamander Unk Desmognathus monticola Seal Salamander Unk Desmognathus ochrophaeus Allegheny Mountain Dusky Unk Salamander Desmognathus orestes Blue Ridge Dusky Unk Salamander Desmognathus quadramaculatus Black-bellied Salamander Unk Desmognathus welteri Black Mountain Salamander Unk Desmognathus wrighti Pygmy Salamander Unk Eurycea bislineata Northern Two-lined A Salamander Eurycea cirrigera Southern Two-lined A Salamander Eurycea guttolineata Three-lined Salamander A Eurycea l. longicauda Long-tailed Salamander A Eurycea lucifuga Cave Salamander C (Hutchinson 1958) Eurycea wilderae Blue Ridge Two-lined A Salamander* filled in with same info as E. bislineata and E. cirrigera because recently split and little new info. specifically for this sp. Gyrinophilus p. duryi Kentucky Spring Salamander A Gyrinophilus p. porphyriticus Northern Spring Salamander A Gyrinophilus subterraneus West VA Spring Salamander A Hemidactylium scutatum Four-toed Salamander T (some) (Blanchard 1933) Plethodon chlorobryonis Atlantic Coast Slimy Unk Salamander Plethodon cinereus Eastern Red-backed T (Petranka 1998) Salamander Plethodon cylindraceus White-spotted Slimy Unk Salamander Plethodon electromorphus Northern Ravine Salamander T (Jewell and Pauley 1995) Plethodon g. glutinosus Northern Slimy Salamander T (Petranka 1998) Plethodon hoffmani Valley and Ridge Salamander T (Petranka 1998) Plethodon hubrichti Peaks of Otter Salamander Unk Plethodon jordani Jordan's Salamander T (Petranka 1998) Plethodon kentucki Cumberland Plateau T (Petranka 1998) Salamander Plethodon nettingi Cheat Mountain Salamander Unk Plethodon punctatus Cow Knob Salamander Unk Plethodon richmondi Ravine Salamander Unk Plethodon shenandoah Shenandoah Salamander Unk Plethodon ventralis Southern Zigzag Salamander Unk Plethodon virginia Shenandoah Mountain Unk Salamander Plethodon wehrlei Wehrle's Salamander Unk Plethodon welleri Weller's Salamander Unk Plethodon yonahlossee Yonahlossee Salamander Unk Pseudotriton m. montanus Eastern Mud Salamander A (Petranka 1998) Pseudotriton m. diastictus Midland Mud Salamander Unk Pseudotriton r. ruber Northern Red Salamander A (Bishop 1925) Pseudotriton r. nitidus Blue Ridge Red Salamander Unk Stereochilus marginatus Many-lined Salamander Unk Hibernacula Codes: A = aquatic, C = cave, T = terrestrial, AT = aquatic and terrestrial, Unk = unknown.
Recommended publications
  • Kentucky Salamanders of the Genus Desmognathus: Their Identification, Distribution, and Morphometric Variation
    KENTUCKY SALAMANDERS OF THE GENUS DESMOGNATHUS: THEIR IDENTIFICATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND MORPHOMETRIC VARIATION A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of Science and Technology Morehead State University In Partial Fulfilhnent of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Biology by Leslie Scott Meade July 24, 2000 1CAMDElJ CARROLL LIBRARY MOREHEAD, KY 40351 f'\Sl.l 11-feSfS 5q7,g'5' M 'ff I k Accepted by the Faculty of the College of Science and Technology, Morehead State University, in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the Master of Science Degree. ~ C ~ Director of Thesis Master's Committee: 7, -.2't-200c) Date 11 Kentucky Salamanders of the Genus Desmognathus: Their Identification, Distribution, and Morphometric Variation The objectives of this study were to ( 1) summarize the taxonomic and natural history data for Desmognathus in Kentucky, (2) compare Kentucky species and sub­ species of Desmognathus with regard to sexual dimorphism, (3) analyze interspecific variation in morphology of Kentucky Desmognathus, and (4) compile current range maps for Desmognathus in Kentucky. Species and subspecies examined included D. ochrophaeus Cope (Allegheny Mountain Dusky Salamander), D. fuscus fuscus (Green) (Northern Dusky Salamander), D. fuscus conanti Rossman (Spotted Dusky Salamander), D. montico/a Dunn (Seal Salamander), and D. welteri Barbour (Black Mountain Dusky Salamander). Salamanders were collected in the field or borrowed from museum collections. Taxonomic and natural history data for Kentucky Desmo­ gnathus were compiled from literature, preserved specimens, and direct observations. Morphometric characters examined included total length, snout-vent length, tail length, head length, head width, snout length, vent length, tail length/total length, snout-vent length/total length, and snout length/head length.
    [Show full text]
  • Shovelnose Salamander
    Shovelnose Salamander Desmognathus marmoratus Taxa: Amphibian SE-GAP Spp Code: aSHSA Order: Caudata ITIS Species Code: 550398 Family: Plethodontidae NatureServe Element Code: AAAAD03170 KNOWN RANGE: PREDICTED HABITAT: P:\Proj1\SEGap P:\Proj1\SEGap Range Map Link: http://www.basic.ncsu.edu/segap/datazip/maps/SE_Range_aSHSA.pdf Predicted Habitat Map Link: http://www.basic.ncsu.edu/segap/datazip/maps/SE_Dist_aSHSA.pdf GAP Online Tool Link: http://www.gapserve.ncsu.edu/segap/segap/index2.php?species=aSHSA Data Download: http://www.basic.ncsu.edu/segap/datazip/region/vert/aSHSA_se00.zip PROTECTION STATUS: Reported on March 14, 2011 Federal Status: --- State Status: VA (SC) NS Global Rank: G4 NS State Rank: GA (S3), NC (S4), SC (S2), TN (S4), VA (S2) aSHSA Page 1 of 3 SUMMARY OF PREDICTED HABITAT BY MANAGMENT AND GAP PROTECTION STATUS: US FWS US Forest Service Tenn. Valley Author. US DOD/ACOE ha % ha % ha % ha % Status 1 0.0 0 1,002.3 < 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 Status 2 0.0 0 4,074.2 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 Status 3 0.0 0 36,695.8 22 0.0 0 < 0.1 < 1 Status 4 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 Total 0.0 0 41,772.3 25 0.0 0 < 0.1 < 1 US Dept. of Energy US Nat. Park Service NOAA Other Federal Lands ha % ha % ha % ha % Status 1 0.0 0 15,320.5 9 0.0 0 0.0 0 Status 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 Status 3 0.0 0 865.2 < 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 Status 4 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 Total 0.0 0 16,185.7 10 0.0 0 0.0 0 Native Am.
    [Show full text]
  • Pre-Incursion Plan PIP006 Salamanders and Newts
    Pre-incursion Plan PIP006 Salamanders and Newts Pre-incursion Plan PIP006 Salamanders and Newts Order: Ambystomatidae, Cryptobranchidea and Proteidae Scope This plan is in place to guide prevention and eradication activities and the management of non-indigenous populations of Salamanders and Newts (Order Caudata; Families Salamandridae, Ambystomatidae, Cryptobranchidea and Proteidae) amphibians in the wild in Victoria. Version Document Status Date Author Reviewed By Approved for Release 1.0 First Draft 26/07/11 Dana Price M. Corry, S. Wisniewski and A. Woolnough 1.1 Second Draft 21/10/11 Dana Price S. Wisniewski 2.0 Final Draft 18/01/2012 Dana Price 3.0 Revision Draft 12/11/15 Dana Price J. Goldsworthy 3.1 New Final 10/03/2016 Nigel Roberts D.Price New DEDJTR templates and document review Published by the Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Agriculture Victoria, May 2016 © The State of Victoria 2016. This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Authorised by the Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, 1 Spring Street, Melbourne 3000. Front cover: Smooth Newt (Lissotriton vulgaris) Photo: Image courtesy of High Risk Invasive Animals group, DEDJTR Photo: Image from Wikimedia Commons and reproduced with permission under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic License. ISBN 078-1-925532-40-1 (pdf/online) Disclaimer This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • 2008 Amphibian Distribution Surveys in Wadeable Streams and Ponds in Western and Southeast Oregon
    INFORMATION REPORTS NUMBER 2010-05 FISH DIVISION Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife 2008 Amphibian Distribution Surveys in Wadeable Streams and Ponds in Western and Southeast Oregon Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife prohibits discrimination in all of its programs and services on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex or disability. If you believe that you have been discriminated against as described above in any program, activity, or facility, or if you desire further information, please contact ADA Coordinator, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 3406 Cherry Drive NE, Salem, OR, 503-947-6000. This material will be furnished in alternate format for people with disabilities if needed. Please call 541-757-4263 to request 2008 Amphibian Distribution Surveys in Wadeable Streams and Ponds in Western and Southeast Oregon Sharon E. Tippery Brian L. Bangs Kim K. Jones Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Corvallis, OR November, 2010 This project was financed with funds administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grants under contract T-17-1 and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds. Citation: Tippery, S. E., B. L Bangs and K. K. Jones. 2010. 2008 Amphibian Distribution Surveys in Wadeable Streams and Ponds in Western and Southeast Oregon. Information Report 2010-05, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Corvallis. CONTENTS FIGURES.......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Vernacular Name AMPHIUMA, ONE-TOED (Aka: Congo Eel, Congo Snake, Ditch Eel, Fish Eel and Lamprey Eel)
    1/6 Vernacular Name AMPHIUMA, ONE-TOED (aka: Congo Eel, Congo Snake, Ditch Eel, Fish Eel and Lamprey Eel) GEOGRAPHIC RANGE Eastern Gulf coast. HABITAT Wetlands: slow moving or stagnant freshwater rivers/streams/creeks and bogs, marshes, swamps, fens and peat lands. CONSERVATION STATUS IUCN: Near Threatened (2016). Population Trend: Decreasing. Because of the limited extent of its occurrence and because of the declining extent and quality of its habitat, this species is close to qualifying for Vulnerable. COOL FACTS Amphiumas are commonly known as "Congo eels," a misnomer. First of all, amphiumas are amphibians, rather than fish (which eels are). This notwithstanding, amphiumas bear resemblance to the elongate fishes. It is easy to overlook the diminutive legs, and the lack of any external gills adds to the similarity between the amphiumas and eels. Amphiumas are adapted for digging and tunneling. They seem to spend most of the time in muddy burrows and are rarely observed in the wild. They never fully metamorphose and retain larval characteristics in varying degrees into adulthood: one pair of the larval gill slits is retained and never disappears, no eyelids, no tongue and the presence of 4 gill arches with a single respiratory opening between the 3 rd--4th arches. Amphiumas have two pairs of limbs, and the three species, all of which occur in the S.E. U.S, differ in regard to the number of toes at the ends of these limbs: one, two or three. These amphiumas possess tiny, single-toed limbs, one pair just behind the small gill opening at each side of the neck and another pair just ahead of the longitudinal anal slit .
    [Show full text]
  • About the Book the Format Acknowledgments
    About the Book For more than ten years I have been working on a book on bryophyte ecology and was joined by Heinjo During, who has been very helpful in critiquing multiple versions of the chapters. But as the book progressed, the field of bryophyte ecology progressed faster. No chapter ever seemed to stay finished, hence the decision to publish online. Furthermore, rather than being a textbook, it is evolving into an encyclopedia that would be at least three volumes. Having reached the age when I could retire whenever I wanted to, I no longer needed be so concerned with the publish or perish paradigm. In keeping with the sharing nature of bryologists, and the need to educate the non-bryologists about the nature and role of bryophytes in the ecosystem, it seemed my personal goals could best be accomplished by publishing online. This has several advantages for me. I can choose the format I want, I can include lots of color images, and I can post chapters or parts of chapters as I complete them and update later if I find it important. Throughout the book I have posed questions. I have even attempt to offer hypotheses for many of these. It is my hope that these questions and hypotheses will inspire students of all ages to attempt to answer these. Some are simple and could even be done by elementary school children. Others are suitable for undergraduate projects. And some will take lifelong work or a large team of researchers around the world. Have fun with them! The Format The decision to publish Bryophyte Ecology as an ebook occurred after I had a publisher, and I am sure I have not thought of all the complexities of publishing as I complete things, rather than in the order of the planned organization.
    [Show full text]
  • AMPHIBIANS of OHIO F I E L D G U I D E DIVISION of WILDLIFE INTRODUCTION
    AMPHIBIANS OF OHIO f i e l d g u i d e DIVISION OF WILDLIFE INTRODUCTION Amphibians are typically shy, secre- Unlike reptiles, their skin is not scaly. Amphibian eggs must remain moist if tive animals. While a few amphibians Nor do they have claws on their toes. they are to hatch. The eggs do not have are relatively large, most are small, deli- Most amphibians prefer to come out at shells but rather are covered with a jelly- cately attractive, and brightly colored. night. like substance. Amphibians lay eggs sin- That some of these more vulnerable spe- gly, in masses, or in strings in the water The young undergo what is known cies survive at all is cause for wonder. or in some other moist place. as metamorphosis. They pass through Nearly 200 million years ago, amphib- a larval, usually aquatic, stage before As with all Ohio wildlife, the only ians were the first creatures to emerge drastically changing form and becoming real threat to their continued existence from the seas to begin life on land. The adults. is habitat degradation and destruction. term amphibian comes from the Greek Only by conserving suitable habitat to- Ohio is fortunate in having many spe- amphi, which means dual, and bios, day will we enable future generations to cies of amphibians. Although generally meaning life. While it is true that many study and enjoy Ohio’s amphibians. inconspicuous most of the year, during amphibians live a double life — spend- the breeding season, especially follow- ing part of their lives in water and the ing a warm, early spring rain, amphib- rest on land — some never go into the ians appear in great numbers seemingly water and others never leave it.
    [Show full text]
  • TRAPPING SUCCESS and POPULATION ANALYSIS of Siren Lacertina and Amphiuma Means
    TRAPPING SUCCESS AND POPULATION ANALYSIS OF Siren lacertina AND Amphiuma means By KRISTINA SORENSEN A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2003 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my committee members Lora Smith, Franklin Percival, and Dick Franz for all their support and advice. The Department of Interior's Student Career Experience Program and the U.S. Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative provided funding for this project. I thank those involved with these programs who have helped me over the last three years: David Trauger, Ken Dodd, Jamie Barichivich, Jennifer Staiger, Kevin Smith, and Steve Johnson. Numerous people helped with field work: Audrey Owens, Maya Zacharow, Chris Gregory, Matt Chopp, Amanda Rice, Paul Loud, Travis Tuten, Steve Johnson, and Jennifer Staiger, Lora Smith, and the UF Wildlife Field Techniques Courses of2001-2002. Paul Moler and John Jensen provided advice and shared their wealth of herpetological knowledge. I thank the staff of Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge and Steve Coates, manager of the Ordway Preserve, for their assistance on numerous occasions and for permission to conduct research on their property. Marinela Capanu of the IFAS Statistical Consulting Unit assisted with statistical analysis. Julien Martin, Bob Dorazio, Rob Bennets, and Cathy Langtimm provided advice on population analysis. I also thank the administrative staff of the Florida Caribbean Science Center and the Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. I am much indebted to all of these people, without whom this thesis would not have been possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Observation of the Breeding Behavior of the Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias Davidianus) Using a Digital Monitoring System
    animals Article Observation of the Breeding Behavior of the Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus) Using a Digital Monitoring System Qinghua Luo 1,2,3,* , Fang Tong 1, Yingjie Song 1,3, Han Wang 1,3, Maolin Du 4 and Hongbing Ji 2 1 Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander’s Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie 427000, China; [email protected] (F.T.); [email protected] (Y.S.); [email protected] (H.W.) 2 School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; [email protected] 3 Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie 427000, China 4 Zhangjiajie Zhuyuan Biological Technology of Chinese Giant Salamander Co. Ltd., Zhangjiajie 427000, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-159-0740-8196; Fax: +86-0744-8231-386 Received: 4 August 2018; Accepted: 15 September 2018; Published: 25 September 2018 Simple Summary: Behavioral research on wild Chinese giant salamanders (Andrias davidianus) is in its infancy because A. davidianus inhabit underground river dens that are difficult to access. In order to ascertain the types of reproductive behavior exhibited by A. davidianus, this paper monitored their reproductive activity using a digital monitoring system in a simulated natural habitat. The survey uncovered reproductive behavior such as sand-pushing, showering, courtship, oviposition, and parental care. We also recorded the parental care time allocation for the first time. This study provides a scientific basis for the method optimization for the ecological reproduction of A. davidianus and the conservation of its wild population.
    [Show full text]
  • Allegheny Mountain Dusky Salamander (Desmognathus Ochrophaeus) – Carolinian Population in Canada
    PROPOSED Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series Adopted under Section 44 of SARA Recovery Strategy for the Allegheny Mountain Dusky Salamander (Desmognathus ochrophaeus) – Carolinian population in Canada Allegheny Mountain Dusky Salamander 2016 1 Recommended citation: Environment and Climate Change Canada. 2016. Recovery Strategy for the Allegheny Mountain Dusky Salamander (Desmognathus ochrophaeus) – Carolinian population in Canada [Proposed]. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa. 23 pp. + Annexes. For copies of the recovery strategy, or for additional information on species at risk, including the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) Status Reports, residence descriptions, action plans, and other related recovery documents, please visit the Species at Risk (SAR) Public Registry1. Cover illustration: © Scott Gillingwater Également disponible en français sous le titre « Programme de rétablissement de la salamandre sombre des montagnes (Desmognathus ochrophaeus), population carolinienne, au Canada [Proposition] » © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of Environment and Climate Change, 2016. All rights reserved. ISBN Catalogue no. Content (excluding the illustrations) may be used without permission, with appropriate credit to the source. 1 http://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca RECOVERY STRATEGY FOR THE ALLEGHENY MOUNTAIN DUSKY SALAMANDER (Desmognathus ochrophaeus) – CAROLINIAN POPULATION IN CANADA 2016 Under the
    [Show full text]
  • D. Bruce Means
    D. Bruce Means Scientific and Technical Publications, Popular Articles, and Contract Reports 1. Means, D. Bruce and Clive J. Longden. 1970. Observations on the occurrence of Desmognathus monticola in Florida. Herpetologica 26(4):396-399. 2. Means, D. Bruce. 1971. Dentitional morphology in desmognathine salamanders (Amphibia: Plethodontidae). Association of Southeastern Biologists Bulletin 18(2):45. (Abstr.) 3. Means, D. Bruce. 1972a. Notes on the autumn breeding biology of Ambystoma cingulatum (Cope) (Amphibia: Urodela: Ambystomatidae). Association of Southeastern Biologists Bulletin 19(2):84. (Abstr.) 4. Means, D. Bruce. 1972b. Osteology of the skull and atlas of Amphiuma pholeter Neill (Amphibia: Urodela: Amphiumidae). Association of Southeastern Biologists Bulletin 19(2):84. (Abstr.) 5. Hobbs, Horton H., Jr. and D. Bruce Means. 1972c. Two new troglobitic crayfishes (Decapoda, Astacidae) from Florida. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 84(46):393-410. 6. Means, D. Bruce. 1972d. Comments on undivided teeth in urodeles. Copeia 1972(3):386-388. 7. Means, D. Bruce. 1974a. The status of Desmognathus brimleyorum Stejneger and an analysis of the genus Desmognathus in Florida. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 18(1):1-100. 8. Means, D. Bruce. 1974b. City of Tallahassee Powerline Project: Faunal Impact Study. Report under contract with the City of Tallahassee, Florida, 198 pages. (Contract report.) 9. Means, D. Bruce. 1974c. A survey of the amphibians, reptiles and mammals inhabiting St. George Island, Franklin County, Florida with comments on vulnerable aspects of their ecology. 21 pages in R. J. Livingston and N. M. Thompson, editors. Field and laboratory studies concerning effects of various pollutants on estuarine and coastal organisms with application to the management of the Apalachicola Bay system (North Florida, U.S.A.).
    [Show full text]
  • AMPHIBIA: CAUDATA: PROTEIDAE Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles
    m AMPHIBIA: CAUDATA: PROTEIDAE Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Dundee, H.A. 1998. Nectlrrlrsprmctntus. Necturr~spunctatus (Gibbes) Dwarf Waterdog Nectlrr~rs: Baird 1850:25 1 . Indicated Necturus -Gibbes. not yet published. Metzohrnnchus punctatris Gibbes 1850: 159. Type locality, "South Santee River, a few miles from its mouth." Holotype, presumably National Museum of Natural History (USNM) 11813 (not seen by author). The first actual specimen was collected in February 1848, by one of Mr. Augustus Shool- bred's negro workers on Shoolbred's plantation but was lost. A few weeks later, additional specimens were presented to Gibbes by Dr. A. Gadsden, and again, shortly thereafter, ad- ditional specimens were given to Gibbes by Mr. Shoolbred. All apparently came from Shoolbred's plantation in 1848. MAP. Range of Necturrrspunctarus. The circle marks the type locality Two others, given to Gibbes by Shoolbred in March 1850, and dots represent most known localities. apparently came from his father's (Dr. Shoolbred) plantation; all were exhibited in Charleston, South Carolina in March 1850 (see Comment). Cope ( 1889) stated that USNM 11 8 13 mander and the smallest species of the genus, maximum TL was the type; it was received from Gibbes and. according to being 189 mm. The tail length ranges from about 3&41% (av- Cope (1 889), was collected in 1850. Cope's mention of cloa- erage 38%) of the TL in adults, with sexual maturity being cal papillae in USNM 11813 would indicate that the speci- reached at approximately 65-70 mm SVL (about 4.5 or more men was a male.
    [Show full text]