Pre-Incursion Plan PIP006 Salamanders and Newts

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Pre-Incursion Plan PIP006 Salamanders and Newts Pre-incursion Plan PIP006 Salamanders and Newts Pre-incursion Plan PIP006 Salamanders and Newts Order: Ambystomatidae, Cryptobranchidea and Proteidae Scope This plan is in place to guide prevention and eradication activities and the management of non-indigenous populations of Salamanders and Newts (Order Caudata; Families Salamandridae, Ambystomatidae, Cryptobranchidea and Proteidae) amphibians in the wild in Victoria. Version Document Status Date Author Reviewed By Approved for Release 1.0 First Draft 26/07/11 Dana Price M. Corry, S. Wisniewski and A. Woolnough 1.1 Second Draft 21/10/11 Dana Price S. Wisniewski 2.0 Final Draft 18/01/2012 Dana Price 3.0 Revision Draft 12/11/15 Dana Price J. Goldsworthy 3.1 New Final 10/03/2016 Nigel Roberts D.Price New DEDJTR templates and document review Published by the Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Agriculture Victoria, May 2016 © The State of Victoria 2016. This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Authorised by the Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, 1 Spring Street, Melbourne 3000. Front cover: Smooth Newt (Lissotriton vulgaris) Photo: Image courtesy of High Risk Invasive Animals group, DEDJTR Photo: Image from Wikimedia Commons and reproduced with permission under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic License. ISBN 078-1-925532-40-1 (pdf/online) Disclaimer This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. For more information about Agriculture Victoria go to www.agriculture.vic.gov.au or phone the Customer Service Centre on 136 186. Pre-incursion Plan PIP006 iii Salamanders and newts Contents Pre-incursion Plan PIP006 1 Table 1: Introduction 1 Table 2: Declaration Status in Victoria 1 Table 3: Delimitation Survey Options 1-2 Table 4: Species specific delimitation options 3 Table 5: Detection, control, monitoring and breeding calendar 3 Table 6: Transport of live specimens 3 Table 7: Brief Description of Eradication and Containment Options 4-5 Table 8: Species specific eradication and containment options 5-6 Table 9: Brief Description of disease, parasite and infection risks 6 Table 10: Treatment specific WHS considerations 7 Table 11: Animal related WHS considerations 7-8 Table 12: Identification Requirements - take photo/video and e-mail to: 8 Table 13: Euthanasia Options 8 Table 14: Sampling/Autopsy Requirements 9 Table 15: Disposal Options 9 Table 16: Legislation, Regulations and Required Permits 9-10 Table 17: General Species and Technical Experts 10 Table 18: List of Acronyms 11 Table 19: Glossary 11 Appendices 1. Salamandridae Family: Species Specific Table 12-15 2. Ambystomatidae and Cryptobranchidea Families: Species Specific Table 16 3. Proteidae Family: Species Specific Table 17-18 References 19 Photographic references 20 Pre-incursion Plan PIP006 iv Salamanders and newts Pre-incursion Plan PIP006 True, Mole and Giant Salamanders, Newts and Mudpuppies (Order Caudata – Families Salamandridae, Ambystomatidae, Cryptobranchidae and Proteidae) Table 1: Introduction The species of newts and salamanders listed in this pre-plan are most commonly introduced into Victoria via accidental or deliberate escapes from the illegal pet trade industry. The potential consequences of establishment of invasive newt and salamander species in Victoria are wide ranging and may include the introduction of new pathogens, diseases and parasites, direct predation upon native species, and competition with native species for food, spawning resources and shelter resulting in the displacement of endemic species. Being amphibian the dispersal rates of caudate is heavily dependent on environmental factors. Newts have been known to move up to 500 – 1000m from a water source in search of suitable habitat and food however dispersal of newt s in water is largely determined by water flow and suitability of habitat. Table 2: Declaration Status in Victoria All members of the Order Caudata (newts, salamanders and mudpuppies/waterdogs/olms) are declared as prohibited pest animals under the Catchment and Land Protection (CALP) Act 1994, with the exception of the Japanese Fire- bellied newt (Cynops pyrrhogaster) which is classified as controlled and the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) which is not classified under CALP. The Invasive Plants and Animals Committee (IPAC) lists the considered species as either having a Serious or Extreme/Not Assessed establishment threat. See species specific tables for details. Table 3: Delimitation Survey Options Method Description Time suggested to determine presence at site 1. Active searching – line Active searching is used in areas where no The time suggested to determine the presence transects water is present. Logs, rocks and debris in at each site of the species is relative to the proximity to potential habitats are lifted to find amount and type of ground cover. Active adult newts. This method, although not useful searching is only advantageous during non- in areas of dense understorey, is effective at breeding periods the interface between water and terrestrial environments. The technique is not overly efficient when locating caudate amphibians at low densities. 2. Capture with a dip net Use of a small hand-held net to capture Capture with a dip net is useful during tadpoles and adults. This is the most breeding season i.e. late winter until the end of successful sampling technique for caudate spring. One hour at each water body is optimal amphibians. for each sampling session. Refer to Reducing bycatch mortality in crustacean traps by Serena et al. (2016) 3. Hand capture Adults may be captured by hand at the edge of Hand capture is suitable during breeding the water body and amongst aquatic season i.e. late winter until the end of spring. vegetation. One hour is recommended at each water body per sampling session. 4. Spot Light searches Spot Light searching, looking for evidence of Spot Light searches are best undertaken in eye-shine, is the optimal technique to use conjunction with other methods when individual numbers are low. It is used to detect adults only. Eye-shine aids in the location of an animal, however individuals Pre-incursion Plan PIP006 1 Salamanders and newts Table 3: Delimitation Survey Options Method Description Time suggested to determine presence at site require capture for species identification. 5. Funnel traps* (can be used Funnel ended traps are double ended, made Set the traps in each water body for 24 hours. either in water or on land) with from aluminium window screen (0.9 m long Ensure part of the trap is above the water light sticks embedded as an and 0.33m in diameter) with 5cm openings surface to avoid drowning adult amphibians attractant. (Enge, 1997). Light sticks, placed inside the and other non-target aquatics. trap, aid to attract amphibians during nocturnal operations. See ‘Funnel Trap SOP’ for further details of use Refer to Reducing bycatch mortality in crustacean traps by Serena et al. (2016) 6. Commercial USA ‘minnow’ Made of wire mesh (3mm), ‘minnow’ traps are traps* for aquatic use only. This technique may not be efficient in some habitats. Refer to Reducing bycatch mortality in crustacean traps by Serena et al. (2016) 7. Crayfish traps* Crayfish traps are for aquatic use only and Set crayfish traps for 24 hour periods and effective for capture of adult caudate check them daily. amphibians Refer to Reducing bycatch mortality in crustacean traps by Serena et al. (2016) 8. Coverboards Square Hardboard ‘covers’ (variety of sizes) Leave the coverboard at a site for one month are placed on the ground. Adult, semi aquatic before first sampling. newts use these as shelter during the non- It should remain in place throughout the non- breeding season. Coverboards are useful breeding period –No more than once a week when sampling eggs, juveniles and adults, of should it be checked to avoid disturbing newts terrestrial newt species. This technique is and drying out the habitat beneath the cover. inefficient for locating caudate amphibians at low densities. 9. PVC refugia pipes PVC pipes (5cm diameter x 0.9m long) are Ineffective for semi aquatic caudate placed in the ground, leaving approximately amphibians as they do not seek shelter 0.6m above the surface. underground. PVC pipes are effective for capturing terrestrial caudate species. 10. Automated call recorders ACR’s are not an effective technique for Not applicable (ACR) caudate amphibians as most species are not vocal (except Taricha species, Davis and Brattstrom, 1975). 11. Pit fall and drift fence trapping Can be used in both wetland and terrestrial Traps are set for a minimum of one week, and habitat over long term – may be the most are opened at dusk and checked at first light effective technique to detect low densities and each day. Traps are covered during the day prove presence/absence. This method is time and then reopened again at dusk. consuming and labour intensive. 12. Egg, tadpole and metamorph Newt metamorphs easily distinguishable from Daylight search conducted in water bodies sampling* native frog larvae, tadpoles may require expert during breeding season – spring/ early
Recommended publications
  • FEB Craig Guyer - 4 1999 Department of Zoology and Wildlife Science Auburn University Auburn, AL 36849 (334)-844-9232 [email protected]
    HISTORICAL AFFINITIES AND POPULATION BIOLOGY OF THE BLACK WARRIOR WATERDOG (NECTURUS ALABAMENSIS) FINAL REPORT FY 1998 FEB - 4 1999 Craig Guyer Department of Zoology and Wildlife Science Auburn University Auburn, AL 36849 (334)-844-9232 [email protected] SUMMARY 1) The Black Warrior waterdog is morphologically and genetically distinctive from other waterdogs in the state of Alabama and should be recognized as Necturus alabamensis. 2) The Black Warrior waterdog is most closely related to the mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus. 3) Four waterdogs are present in the state of Alabama, the two listed above, plus two forms from the Coastal Plains; the latter include Necturus beyeri (all rivers draining into Mobile Bay) and Necturus iodingi (Appalachicola to Perdido drainages, inclusive). 4) Populations of Black Warrior waterdogs in Sipsey Fork and Brushy Creek appear to be patchily distributed, creating challenges for determining key features of demography. 5) State and Federal protection of the Black Warrior waterdog as a threatened species is warranted. INTRODUCTION Waterdogs (Necturus: Proteidae) are paedomorphic, stream-dwelling salamanders of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains. The systematics of these creatures has challenged herpetologists for the past 60 years. The Black Warrior Waterdog, a species restricted to the upper Black Warrior drainages of Alabama, has been particularly problematic. Viosca (1937) originally described this taxon as being similar toN maculosus, but subsequent taxonomic treattnents considered specimens from this drainage to be conspecific with waterdogs from the lower portions of the Mobile drainages (N maculosus: Bishop 1943, Schmidt 1953; N beyeri alabamensis: Hecht 1958, Conant 1958; N puncta/us: Brode 1969; N beyeri: Mount 1975; N alabamensis: Conant 1975, Conant and Collins 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • Linnaeus, 1758) from Bozcaada (Çanakkale, Turkey
    Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2017) 41: 189-195 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Short Communication doi:10.3906/zoo-1602-14 Taxonomic status of a newly described island population of the smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) from Bozcaada (Çanakkale, Turkey) 1 1 1 2, Nurşen ÇÖRDÜK , Çiğdem GÜL , Murat TOSUNOĞLU , Konstantinos SOTIROPOULOS * 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey 2 Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece Received: 08.02.2016 Accepted/Published Online: 16.05.2016 Final Version: 25.01.2017 Abstract: The taxonomic status and phylogenetic position of the recently recorded smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris) population from the island of Bozcaada (Çanakkale, Turkey) is clarified on the basis of morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The L. vulgaris population from Bozcaada presents body proportions and morphological features of subsp. schmidtlerorum, such as small body length, absence of the tail filament, and dorsal crest with pointed free margin. Similarly, phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequences (ND4, 16S rRNA) place the Bozcaada population within Clade E of the recent L. vulgaris phylogeny, which consists of L. v. schmidtlerorum populations. Key words: Lissotriton vulgaris schmidtlerorum, mitochondrial DNA, 16S rRNA, ND4, taxonomy, Bozcaada (Tenedos), Turkey The smooth newt, Lissotriton vulgaris L., is a polytypic Raffaëlli, 2009), on the basis of mitochondrial sequences amphibian species with a wide range across Eurasia, (Mettouris and Kornilios, 2015). This geographically extending from Western Europe, excluding Iberia, further restricted subspecies is distributed along the Marmara east to Western Siberia and Western Anatolia.
    [Show full text]
  • Predation of Newts (Salamandridae, Pleurodelinae) by Eurasian Otters Lutra Lutra (Linnaeus)
    RESEARCH ARTICLE The Herpetological Bulletin 132, 2015: 9-14 Predation of newts (Salamandridae, Pleurodelinae) by Eurasian otters Lutra lutra (Linnaeus) GARETH S. PARRY1,2, NATHALIE YONOW2 & DAN FORMAN2* 1Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust, The Conservation Centre, Robinswood Hill Country Park, Reservoir Road, Gloucester, GL4 6SX, UK 2Swansea Ecology Research Team, Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK *Corresponding author email: [email protected] ABSTRACT - The remains of newts (Pleurodelinae) were recorded in Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) spraints collected from two river systems on the Gower peninsula, Wales, U.K., between 2005 and 2007. Spraints were collected during detailed field surveys undertaken every two weeks as part of a two-year otter study. Palmate newt remains, mainly vertebrae and maxillae, were identified in 9.27% (43/464) of the spraints analysed by comparison with a reference collection of bones. This study demonstrates for the first time the extent to which otters may consume newts in the UK. Newt remains were recorded in spraints collected during all but two months (February and March) with the largest proportion of occurrences falling between April and July. Conservative estimates of the number of individuals consumed ranged between one and 31 newts per spraint. Newts represent a profitable prey for otters and, as with other amphibians, may represent a seasonally important dietary component with the newts becoming particularly vulnerable during reproductive accumulations. Sporadic but occasionally intense predation of newts by otters may affect both the breeding success and the dynamics of local newt populations. The presence of otters should be taken into consideration when planning conservation and translocation programs for newts.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Study Plan
    F INAL REPORT Black Warrior Waterdog Field Survey and Habitat Assessment William Bacon Oliver Lake, Holt Dam Tailrace Tuscaloosa County, Alabama 13 February 2015 Prepared for ALABAMA POWER COMPANY By Mark A. Bailey CONSERVATION SOUTHEAST 7746 Boggan Level Road Andalusia, AL 36420 BLACK WARRIOR WATERDOG SURVEY, HOLT DAM TAILRACE Executive Summary Trapping and visual habitat surveys were conducted for the Black Warrior Waterdog (Necturus alabamensis) in the mouth and lowermost reach of Yellow Creek and the tailrace below Holt Dam. Fieldwork was conducted on 3 through 5 February 2015 by biologists Mark Bailey of Conservation Southeast and Chad Fitch of Alabama Power Company Environmental Affairs. The absence of leaf packs precluded dip-net surveys and 30 minnow traps baited with chicken livers were employed, 20 along the main river channel shore and 10 in Yellow Creek. After 60 trap-nights (990 trap-hours), no Black Warrior Waterdogs were captured. Habitat conditions were considered poor but not entirely unsuitable. Contributing to the poor conditions are heavy sedimentation in Yellow Creek and the altered Black Warrior River channel at what is now William Bacon Oliver Lake. I BLACK WARRIOR WATERDOG SURVEY, HOLT DAM TAILRACE Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... i Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1 The Black Warrior Waterdog .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • About the Book the Format Acknowledgments
    About the Book For more than ten years I have been working on a book on bryophyte ecology and was joined by Heinjo During, who has been very helpful in critiquing multiple versions of the chapters. But as the book progressed, the field of bryophyte ecology progressed faster. No chapter ever seemed to stay finished, hence the decision to publish online. Furthermore, rather than being a textbook, it is evolving into an encyclopedia that would be at least three volumes. Having reached the age when I could retire whenever I wanted to, I no longer needed be so concerned with the publish or perish paradigm. In keeping with the sharing nature of bryologists, and the need to educate the non-bryologists about the nature and role of bryophytes in the ecosystem, it seemed my personal goals could best be accomplished by publishing online. This has several advantages for me. I can choose the format I want, I can include lots of color images, and I can post chapters or parts of chapters as I complete them and update later if I find it important. Throughout the book I have posed questions. I have even attempt to offer hypotheses for many of these. It is my hope that these questions and hypotheses will inspire students of all ages to attempt to answer these. Some are simple and could even be done by elementary school children. Others are suitable for undergraduate projects. And some will take lifelong work or a large team of researchers around the world. Have fun with them! The Format The decision to publish Bryophyte Ecology as an ebook occurred after I had a publisher, and I am sure I have not thought of all the complexities of publishing as I complete things, rather than in the order of the planned organization.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 SE PARC Oral Abstract Booklet Abstracts Are Listed Alphabetically by First Author’S Last Name
    2020 SE PARC Oral Abstract Booklet Abstracts are listed alphabetically by first author’s last name. Presenting author is denoted with an asterisk. TROPHIC AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF SNAKE ASSEMBLAGES IN SHORTLEAF PINE FORESTS WITH DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT REGIMES. Connor S. Adams1*, Christopher M. Schalk1, Daniel Saenz2 1Stephen F. Austin State University; 2USFS Southern Research Station Land-use practices such as intensive silviculture and fire suppression are common in shortleaf pine forests of eastern Texas. These practices have contributed to the loss of shortleaf pine savannahs that were once widespread throughout the southeast. Fortunately, there is a renewed interest in restoring these ecosystems through the application of forest management techniques (i.e., prescribed fire, thinning). While these applications have been shown to alter forest structure, there is little known about how these efforts influence energy flow and the consumer- resource relationships that determine community structure. Here we present the results on the trophic structure of snake communities at two shortleaf pine sites under different management regimes (high-frequency [A] vs. low-frequency [B]). We captured snakes from May-July in 2018 and 2019 using box traps and drift fences. At each trap we measured 7 habitat variables, and collected dominant basal resources and potential prey. Using stable isotope analysis, we compared community-wide metrics of trophic structure and performed isotopic mixing-models to determine the relative contribution of resources to snake consumers. We found that snakes species from site A exhibited increased trophic redundancy. At site B, we observed trophic divergence between snake species, with species supported by a wider range of resources and relative tropic positions.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphibians & Reptiles in the Garden
    Amphibians & Reptiles in the Garden Slow-worm by Mike Toms lthough amphibians and reptiles belong to two different taxonomic classes, they are often lumped together. Together they share some ecological similarities and may even look superficially similar. Some are familiar A garden inhabitants, others less so. Being able to identify the different species can help Garden BirdWatchers to accurately record those species using their gardens and may also reassure those who might be worried by the appearance of a snake. Only a small number of native amphibians and reptiles, plus a handful of non-native species, breed in the UK. So, with a few identification tips and a little understanding of their ecology and behaviour, they are fairly easy to identify. This guide sets out to help you improve your identification skills, not only for general Garden BirdWatch recording, but also in the hope that you will help us with a one-off survey of these fascinating creatures. Several of our amphibians thrive in the garden and five of the native Amphibians species, Common Frog, Common Toad and the three newts, can reasonably be expected to be found in the garden for at least part of the year. There are also a few introduced species which have been recorded from gardens, together with our remaining native species, which although rare need to be considered for completeness. Common Frog: (right) Rana temporaria Common Toad: (below) Grows to 6–7 cm. Bufo bufo Predominant colour Has ‘warty’ skin which looks is brown, but often dry when the animal is on variable, including land.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphibian Identification
    Amphibian Identification Common frog Adults 6-7 cm. Smooth skin, which appears moist. Coloration variable, includes brown, yellow and orange. Some females have red markings on lower body. Usually has a dark ‘mask’ marking behind the eye. Breeding male Markings also variable, Grey/pale blue including varying amounts throat. of black spots and stripes. Thick front legs. Dark (nuptial) pad on inner toes of Young froglets look like the front feet. Spawn is laid in gelatinous smaller versions of the clumps. adults. Common toad Adults 5-9 cm. Rough skin. Brown with darker markings. Less commonly, some individuals are very dark, almost black, others are brick-red. Breeding pair Males smaller than females. Breeding males can also be distinguished by dark (nuptial) pads on innermost two toes of the front feet. Toad spawn is laid in gelatinous strings, wrapped around vegetation. Less conspicuous than common frog spawn. Makes small hops rather than jumps of common frog. Toadlets transforming from the Juveniles are tadpole stage are often very dark similar colours in colour. to adults, including brick-red. ARG UK Natterjack toad Strictly protected species, requiring Similar in size and appearance to common toad, a licence to handle but with a pale stripe running along the back. or disturb. This is a rare species, unlikely to be found outside specific dune and heathland habitats. On hatching common frog and toad tadpoles Frog Tadpoles are black. As they develop, common frog tadpoles become mottled with bronze, whereas toad tadpoles remain uniformly dark until the last stages of development. Common frog and toad tadpoles generally complete Toad development in the summer, but development rates are variable; some tadpoles may not transform until later in the year, or they may even remain as tadpoles over winter, becoming much larger than normal.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphibian Conservation INTRODUCTION
    2014 | HIGHLIGHTS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS amphibian conservation INTRODUCTION Zoos and aquariums accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) have made long-term commitments, both individually and as a community organized under the Amphibian Taxon Advisory Group (ATAG), to the conservation of amphibians throughout the Americas and around the world. With the support and hard work of directors, curators, keepers and partners, 85 AZA-accredited zoos and aquariums reported spending more than $4.2 million to maintain, adapt and expand amphibian conservation programs in 2014. The stories in this report are drawn primarily from annual submissions to AZA’s field conservation database (available when logged into AZA’s website under “Conservation”), as well as from articles submitted directly to AZA. They share the successes and advances in the areas of reintroduction and research, conservation breeding and husbandry and citizen science and community engagement. These efforts are the result of extensive collaborations and multi-year (even multi-decadal!) commitments. AZA congratulates each of the members included in this report for their dedication, and encourages other facilities to become involved. The ATAG has many resources to help people get started or to expand their engagement in amphibian conservation, and people are also welcome to contact the facilities included in this report or the ATAG Chair, Diane Barber ([email protected]). Cover: Spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer). Widespread throughout the eastern United States and with a familiar call to many, the spring peeper was the most frequently reported frog by FrogWatch USA volunteers in 2014. Although reports of spring peepers began in February, they peaked in April.
    [Show full text]
  • 5 Black Warrior Waterdog Status
    STATE : Alabama PROJECT NUMBER: E-1 SEGMENT: 2 STUDY NUMBER: 5 BLACK WARRIOR WATERDOG STATUS SURVEY FINAL REPORT 1991-92 BY MARK A. BAILEY Dece:nber, 1992 Approved by: FINAL REPORT State: Alabama Study Title: Black Warrior Waterdog Status Survey Study No. 5 Project Title: Alabama Endangered Wildlife Projects Project No. E-1 Period Covered: 1 December 1990 to 30 September 1992 Prepared by: Alabama Natural Heritage Program Mark A. Bailey, Principal Investigator Notice of nomenclatural conventions used in this report: In the absence of a Latin name, and for the sake of clarity and convenience, the undescribed Nectwus of the upper Black Warrior River system will be referred to by its generally accepted common name, the Black Warrior waterdog. Despite uncertainty over the proper taxonomic placement of other species (N. beyeri and/or N. a/abamensis) with which the Black Warrior waterdog is sympatric in the lower portion of its range, it/they will be referred to as N. a/abamensis. Abstract: The Black Warrior waterdog, an undescribed form of Necturus endemic to the upper Black Warrior River system of Alabama, was surveyed for at 66 sites in nine counties from November, 1990 to February, 1992. Although gilled larvae of other salamander genera including Desmognathus, Eurycea, and Pseudotriton were encountered at 28 (45%) of the 62 sites sampled by netting, Necturus specimens referable to the Black Warrior waterdog were found at only four (6%) of the 66 sites netted and/or trapped: the Sipsey Fork of the Black Warrior River, Wmston County (six adults, one larva); Lost Creek, Walker County (one adult); North River and Yellow Creek, Tuscaloosa County (one larva and one subadult, respectively).
    [Show full text]
  • 50 CFR Ch. I (10–1–20 Edition) § 16.14
    § 15.41 50 CFR Ch. I (10–1–20 Edition) Species Common name Serinus canaria ............................................................. Common Canary. 1 Note: Permits are still required for this species under part 17 of this chapter. (b) Non-captive-bred species. The list 16.14 Importation of live or dead amphib- in this paragraph includes species of ians or their eggs. non-captive-bred exotic birds and coun- 16.15 Importation of live reptiles or their tries for which importation into the eggs. United States is not prohibited by sec- Subpart C—Permits tion 15.11. The species are grouped tax- onomically by order, and may only be 16.22 Injurious wildlife permits. imported from the approved country, except as provided under a permit Subpart D—Additional Exemptions issued pursuant to subpart C of this 16.32 Importation by Federal agencies. part. 16.33 Importation of natural-history speci- [59 FR 62262, Dec. 2, 1994, as amended at 61 mens. FR 2093, Jan. 24, 1996; 82 FR 16540, Apr. 5, AUTHORITY: 18 U.S.C. 42. 2017] SOURCE: 39 FR 1169, Jan. 4, 1974, unless oth- erwise noted. Subpart E—Qualifying Facilities Breeding Exotic Birds in Captivity Subpart A—Introduction § 15.41 Criteria for including facilities as qualifying for imports. [Re- § 16.1 Purpose of regulations. served] The regulations contained in this part implement the Lacey Act (18 § 15.42 List of foreign qualifying breed- U.S.C. 42). ing facilities. [Reserved] § 16.2 Scope of regulations. Subpart F—List of Prohibited Spe- The provisions of this part are in ad- cies Not Listed in the Appen- dition to, and are not in lieu of, other dices to the Convention regulations of this subchapter B which may require a permit or prescribe addi- § 15.51 Criteria for including species tional restrictions or conditions for the and countries in the prohibited list.
    [Show full text]
  • Triturus Cristatus) and Smooth Newt (Lissotriton Vulgaris) in Cold Climate in Southeast Norway
    diversity Article Assessing the Use of Artificial Hibernacula by the Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus) and Smooth Newt (Lissotriton vulgaris) in Cold Climate in Southeast Norway Børre K. Dervo 1,*, Jon Museth 1 and Jostein Skurdal 2 1 Human Dimension Department, Norwegian Institute of Nature Research (NINA), Vormstuguvegen 40, NO-2624 Lillehammer, Norway; [email protected] 2 Maihaugen, Maihaugvegen 1, NO-2609 Lillehammer, Norway; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +47-907-600-77 Received: 27 May 2018; Accepted: 3 July 2018; Published: 5 July 2018 Abstract: Construction of artificial overwintering habitats, hibernacula, or newt hotels, is an important mitigation measure for newt populations in urban and agricultural areas. We have monitored the use of four artificial hotels built in September 2011 close to a 6000 m2 breeding pond in Norway. The four hotels ranged from 1.6 to 12.4 m3 and were located from 5 to 40 m from the breeding pond. In 2013–2015, 57 Great Crested Newts (Triturus cristatus) and 413 Smooth Newts (Lissotriton vulgaris) spent the winter in the hotels. The proportions of juveniles were 75% and 62%, respectively, and the hotels may be important to secure recruitment. Knowledge on emigration routes and habitat quality for summer use and winter hibernation is important to find good locations for newt hotels. The study documented that newts may survive a minimum temperature of −6.7 ◦C. We recommend that newt hotels in areas with harsh climate are dug into the ground in slopes to reduce low-temperature exposure during winter. Keywords: Triturus cristatus; Lissotriton vulgaris; climate; hibernacula 1.
    [Show full text]