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De Keltische Religie (De Vries) I Voortzetting Van Doc Dit document vormt een onderdeel van de website https://www.religies-overzichtelijk.nl Hier vindt u tevens de koppelingen naar de andere teksten en de indexen, de toelichtingen en de afkortingen Laatste bewerking: 26-09-2020 (b) De Keltische religie (De Vries) i voortzetting van doc. 58 (a) De Keltische religie 3.5 (D, V) Het Keltische pantheon............................................................................ 6 3.5.1 (D, V, 1) Inleiding tot het Keltische pantheon ................................................. 7 3.5.1.1 Het oudere onderzoek over de Keltische religie ............................................ 8 3.5.1.2 De theorie van De Vries over de Keltische religie .......................................... 9 3.5.2 (D, V, 2) De mythen van de twee veldslagen bij Mag Tuired .............................. 10 3.5.2.1 De Eerste slag bij Mag Tuired en de regering van Bres mac Elathain ................. 11 3.5.2.2 Nuadu’s tweede koningschap en de komst van Lug ...................................... 12 3.5.2.3 De Tweede slag bij Mag Tuired .............................................................. 13 3.5.3 (D, V, 3) De verklaring van de mythen van de twee veldslagen bij Mag Tuired ........ 14 3.5.3.1 Het karakter van de mythologie van de veldslagen bij Mag Tuired ................... 15 3.5.3.2 Bres mac Elathain als vruchtbaarheidsgod ................................................. 16 3.5.3.3 De goden van de eerste, tweede en derde functie ...................................... 17 3.5.3.4 De misvatting van de Túatha Dé Danann als vruchtbaarheidsgoden .................. 18 3.5.4 (D, V, 4) Meer voorbeelden van het driefunctiesysteem ................................... 19 3.6 (D, VI) Gallische goden, slechts bekend uit de beeldende kunst ................................ 20 3.6.1 (D, VI, 1) De driekoppige god ................................................................... 21 3.6.1.1 Voorstellingen van de driekoppige god ..................................................... 22 3.6.1.2 Verklaring van de driekoppige god (1) ...................................................... 23 3.6.1.3 Verklaring van de driekoppige god (2) ...................................................... 24 3.6.2 (D, VI, 2) De godheid in de lotushouding ...................................................... 25 3.6.2.1 Voorstellingen van de godheid in de lotushouding ....................................... 26 3.6.2.2 Betekenis van de lotushouding ............................................................... 27 3.6.3 (D, VI, 3) De godheid met de vogels ........................................................... 28 3.6.3.1 Voorstellingen van godheden met twee vogels ........................................... 29 3.6.3.2 Nadere beschouwing van de vogelsoort in de voorstellingen van de godheid met de vogels…….. .................................................................................................... 30 3.6.4 (D, VI, 4) De god met de ramskopslang ........................................................ 31 3.6.4.1 Voorstellingen van de god met de ramskopslang ......................................... 32 3.6.4.2 De betekenis van het slangensymbool ...................................................... 33 3.6.5 (D, VI, 5) De genius cucullatus .................................................................. 34 3.7 (D, VII) Heilige dieren .................................................................................... 35 3.7.1 Inleiding tot de heilige dieren .................................................................. 36 3.7.2 (D, VII, 1) Het hert ................................................................................ 37 3.7.2.1 Algemene opmerkingen t.a.v. het hert .................................................... 38 3.7.2.2 Het hert in de Ierse overlevering ............................................................ 39 3.7.2.3 Het hert in de na-heidense Christelijke periode in Frankrijk .......................... 40 3.7.2.4 Het hert in de niet-Keltische gebieden en in de pre-Keltische periode .............. 41 3.7.2.5 Mogelijke verklaringen van het hertensymbool bij de Galliërs ........................ 42 3.7.3 (D, VII, 2) De stier ................................................................................. 43 3.7.3.1 De stier in namen .............................................................................. 44 3.7.3.2 De stier met de drie hoorns in Gallië ....................................................... 45 3.7.3.3 De Tarvos Trigaranus op de zuil uit Parijs en de stier op het altaar uit Trier ....... 46 3.7.3.3.1 Inleiding tot de Tarvos Trigaranus op de zuil uit Parijs en het altaar uit Trier . 47 3.7.3.3.2 Betekenis van de kraanvogels en de stier in de oudheid ............................ 48 3.7.3.4 Conclusie t.a.v. de stier ...................................................................... 49 3.7.4 (D, VII, 3) Het paard .............................................................................. 50 3.7.5 (D, VII, 4) De ever ................................................................................. 51 3.7.6 (D, VII, 5) De hond ................................................................................ 52 4 (E) De cultus bij de Kelten ................................................................................... 53 4.1 (E, I) De verering van natuurobjecten ................................................................ 54 4.1.1 Inleiding tot de verering van natuurobjecten ................................................ 55 4.1.2 De verering van bergen en heuvels............................................................. 56 4.1.3 De verering van rotsen en grote stenen ....................................................... 57 4.1.3.1 Inleiding tot de verering van rotsen en grote stenen .................................... 58 4.1.3.2 De steencultus bij de Kelten ................................................................. 59 4.1.4 De verering van bomen ........................................................................... 60 4.1.4.1 Inleiding tot de verering van bomen ........................................................ 61 4.1.4.2 Aanwijzingen voor boomverering bij de Kelten ........................................... 62 4.1.4.3 Boomverering naar soort ...................................................................... 63 4.1.4.4 Het woudheiligdom nemeton ................................................................. 64 4.1.4.5 De relatie tussen de druïde en de eik ...................................................... 65 4.2 (E, II) De tempels ......................................................................................... 66 4.2.1 Inleiding tot de tempels .......................................................................... 67 4.2.2 De tempel bij de Kelten .......................................................................... 68 4.2.3 De vierkante tempel .............................................................................. 69 4.2.4 De ronde of octogonale tempel ................................................................. 70 4.2.5 Het herosgraf als oorsprong van de Keltische tempel ...................................... 71 4.2.6 Grote Romeins-Keltische tempelcomplexen .................................................. 72 4.3 (E, III) De Keltische godenbeelden in de pre-Romeinse periode ................................. 73 4.3.1 Het probleem van het ontbreken van godenbeelden in de pre-Romeinse periode (1) 74 4.3.2 Het probleem van het ontbreken van godenbeelden in de pre-Romeinse periode (2) 75 4.3.3 Kritiek van De Vries over het ontbreken van godenbeelden in de pre-Romeinse periode….. ....................................................................................................... 76 4.3.4 Theorie van De Vries over het ontbreken van Keltische godenbeelden in de pre- Romeinse periode .............................................................................................. 77 4.4 (E, IV) De priesters ....................................................................................... 79 4.4.1 (E, IV, 1) De druïden .............................................................................. 80 4.4.1.1 Inleiding tot de druïden ....................................................................... 81 4.4.1.2 Caesar over de druïden ........................................................................ 82 4.4.1.2.1 Inleiding tot Caesar over de druïden ................................................... 83 4.4.1.2.2 De druïden als opvoeders ................................................................. 84 4.4.1.2.3 De inhoud van de leer der druïden ...................................................... 85 4.4.1.2.4 De vergaderingen van de druïden ....................................................... 86 4.4.1.2.5 De organisatie van het instituut der druïden .......................................... 87 4.4.1.2.5.1 De hiërarchische opbouw van het instituut der druïden ....................... 88 4.4.1.2.5.2 Het instituut der druïden als religieuze organisatie ............................ 89 4.4.1.2.6 De oorsprong van het instituut der druïden ........................................... 90 4.4.1.2.6.1 Inleiding tot de oorsprong van het instituut der druïden ...................... 91 4.4.1.2.6.2 De theorie van De Vries over de oorsprong van het instituut der druïden .. 92 4.4.1.2.6.3 De druïden in IE perspectief ........................................................ 93 4.4.2 (E, IV, 2) De gutuaters
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