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Management of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1989

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Management of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1989 E: VEGETABLE CROPS VOL. 15, INSECTICIDE & ACARICIDE TESTS 89 CABBAGE: Brassicae oleracea var. capitata L. 'Rio Verde' R. K. Jansson, S. H. Lecrone, and J. Hernandez (9E) Diamondback moth; Plutella xylostella (L.) University of Florida Beet armyworm; Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) I.F.A.S., Tropical Research and Education Center Cabbage budworm; Hellula phidilealis (Walker) Homestead, FL 33031 MANAGEMENT OF LEPIDOPTEROUS PESTS ON CABBAGE, 1989: 'Rio Verde' cabbage seeds were incorporated into a germination mix (Pro- Mix) and direct seeded at the University of Florida's Tropical Research and Education Center on 1 Feb '89. Plants were spaced 1 ft apart within rows and 30 inches apart between rows on 72 inch center beds. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatment plots were 4 rows (2 beds) by 40 ft long. A 10-ft long section of nontreated plants separated replicates; treatments within a replicate were separated by one nontreated bed and a 6 ft alleyway. Applications were made on 3, 10, 16, 23, and 31 Mar and 11, 20, and 28 Apr using a tractor-mounted single-bed boom sprayer that operated at 250 psi and delivered 100 gal/acre through 5 D-4, #24 disc type cone nozzles at 3 mph. All treatments were applied in water. The numbers of small, medium, and large larvae and pupae of diamondback moth (DBM), parasitized DBM pupae, small, medium, and large larvae of beet armyworm Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/amt/article/15/1/89/4572489 by guest on 24 September 2021 (BAW), and small and large larvae of cabbage budworm (CBW) were recorded on 8 plants/replicate, on 7 dates. Foliage injury was rated on 24 plants/replicate using a scale from 1—6 (1 = no apparent insect feeding, 6 = severe damage to head and wrapper leaves). Percentages of marketable heads were determined for each of 2 quality levels, ratings s 2 and £ 3. Population pressure of most lepidopterous pests was moderate to high. Treatments differed significantly in their effectiveness at managing DBM populations. Cutlass® OF (2.0) was most effective at suppressing DBM larvae and pupae, followed by Cutlass® WP (2.0). The lowest rates of both the WP and OF formulations of Cutlass® were considerably less effective. In general, most rates of both formulations of Cutlass® were consistently more effective than Lannate at suppressing DBM populations; however, only the 2 highest rates of the OF formulation and the highest rate of the WP formulation were consistently more effective than Dipel 2 X at suppressing DBM populations. In general, abundance of parasitized DBM did not differ among most treatments on most dates. Abundance of CBW did not differ among most treatments. Biological and chemical insecticide treatments were equally effective at suppressing CBW populations. Few BAW larvae were recorded on plants during the experiment. Damage ratings at harvest were lowest for plants treated with Cutlass® OF (2.0) followed by Cutlass* OF (1.0), Cutlass® WP (2.0) Cutlass® WP (1.0), Cutlass® OF (0.5), Dipel 2 X, Cutlass® WP (0.5), nontreated plants, and Lannate-treated plants. Based on damage ratings £ 3, Cutlass® OF (2.0) provided the best control (86.4% marketable) followed by Cutlass® OF (1.0), Cutlass® WP (1.0), Cutlass® WP (2.0), Cutlass® OF (0.5), Dipel 2 X, Cutlass® WP (0.5), nontreated plants and Lannate. Percentages of marketable heads dropped significantly when quality standards increased for assessing marketability based on damage ratings £ 2. Rate Sample date Sum ()f Treatment (AI)/acre 8 Mar 13 Mar 20 Mar 27 Mar 3 Apr 18 Apr 27 Apr means x small DBM larvae/plant Cutlass OF 0.5 qt 1.4cd 4.4ab 1.8bc 0.9cd 0.2b 0.1 0.0 8.8 Cutlass OF 1.0 qt 1.7cd 4.3b 0.9cd 0.6d 0.2b 0.0 0.0 7.7 Cutlass OF 2.0 qt 0.4d 2.8b 0.5d 0.5d 0.0b 0.0 0.0 4.2 Cutlass WP 0.5 2.7abe 5.7ab 2.0bc 1.5be 0.1b 0.0 0.0 12.0 Cutlass WP 1.0 2.2bc 6.4ab 2.0be 0.6d 0.3b 0.0 0.0 11.5 Cutlass WP 2.0 0.8cd 3.3b 1.3bcd 0.8cd 0.2b 0.1 0.0 6.5 Dipel 2 X 0.5 2.6abc 8.9a 2.3bc 1.3bc 0.3b 0.0 0.0 15.4 Lannate 1.8 L 0.9 4.0ab 10.6a 3. lab 2.4ab 1.7a 0.1 0.0 21.9 Nontreated 5.1a 10.8a 4.7a 3.2a 1.3a 0.1 0.0 25.2 Bate x medium DBM larvae/phrnt Treatment (AI)/acre 8 Mar 13 Mar 20 Mar 27 Mar 3 Apr 18 Apr 27 Apr means Cutlass OF 0.5 qt 0.3b 0.4cd 0.9de 0.6cd 0.2c 0.0b 0.0b 2.3 Cutlass OF 1.0 qt O.lbc 0.3d 0.7ef 0.2e 0.6c 0.0b 0.0b 1.9 Cutlass OF 2.0 qt 0.0c 0.2d 0.3f 0.2de 0.1c 0.1b 0.0b 0.9 Cutlass WP 0.5 0.3b 0.6cd 1.6bc 1.2b 0.6bc 0.2ab 0.0b 4.5 Cutlass WP 1.0 0.2bc 0.3d 1.2cd 0.4cde 0.2c 0.0b 0.0b 2.3 Cutlass WP 2.0 0.0c 0.2d 0.5f 0.7bc 0.2c 0.0b 0.0b 1.6 Dipel 2 X 0.5 0.3b 1.2bc 1.8bc 0.8bc 0.4c 0.1b 0.0b 4.5 Lannate 1.8 L 0.9 0.9a 1.5ab 2.6b 2.8a 1.6a 0.4a 0.1a 9.9 Nontreated 0.9a 2.4a 3.4a 3.1a 1.5ab 0.1b 0.0b 11.4 90 INSECTICIDE & ACARICIDE TESTS, VOL. 15 E: VEGETABLE CROPS Rate x large DBM larvae/plan Treatment (AI)/acre 8 Mar 13 Mar 20 Mar 27 Mar 3 Apr 18 Apr 27 Apr Cutlass OF 0.5 qt 0.1c 0.1b 0.7cd 0.6bc 0.7b 0.1 0.0 Cutlass OF 1.0 qt 0.1c 0.1b 0.3d 0.3cd 0.4b 0.1 0.0 Cutlass OF 2.0 qt 0.0c 0.1b 0.3ed O.ld 0.1b 0.2 0.0 Cutlass WP 0.5 0.1c 0.0b 1.4cd 1.1b 0.4b 0.4 0.0 Cutlass WP 1.0 0.0c 0.1b 0.7cd 0.5cd 0.2b 0.0 0.0 Cutlass WP 2.0 0.0c 0.1b 0.3cd 0.4cd 0.4b 0.0 0.0 Dipel 2 X 0.5 0.1c 0.3ab 2. lab 0.5cd 0.4b 0.1 0.1 Lannate 1.8 L 0.9 0.5b 0.3ab 2.4ab 2.1a 2.3a 0.3 0.1 Non treated 1.0a 0.5a 3.1a 2.6a 2.8a 0.0 0.0 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/amt/article/15/1/89/4572489 by guest on 24 September 2021 Rate x total DBM larvae/plant Treatment (AI)/acre 8 Mar 13 Mar 20 Mar 27 Mar 3 Apr 18 Apr 27 Apr means Cutlass OF 0.5 qt 1.8cd 4.9bcd 3.3de 2. led Lib 0.1 0.0 13.3 Cutlass OF 1.0 qt 1.9cd 4.7cd 2.0ef Lie 1.2b 0.1 0.0 11.2 Cutlass OF 2.0 qt 0.4e 3. Id l.lf 0.8e 0.2b 0.2 0.0 5.8 Cutlass WP 0.5 3.2bc 6.3bcd 4.9cd 3.8b Lib 0.6 0.0 19.9 Cutlass WP 1.0 2.4cd 6.8abc 3.9cd 1.5de 0.7b 0.1 0.0 15.4 Cutlass WP 2.0 0.9de 3.5cd 2. If 1.8cd 0.7b 0.1 0.0 9.1 Dipel 2 X 0.5 3.0bc 10.4ab 6.2bc 2.6bc Lib 0.2 0.1 23.6 Lannate 1.8 L 0.9 5.5ab 12.4ab 8.8ab 7.2a 5.6a 0.8 0.2 40.5 Nontreated 7.0a 13.7a 11.3a 8.9a 5.6a 0.2 0.0 46.7 Rate x DBM pupae/plant Treatment (AI)/acre 8 Mar 13 Mar 20 Mar 27 Mar 3 Apr 18 Apr 27 Apr means Cutlass OF 0.5 qt 0.1b 0.2 0.2cd 0.4bc 0.6b 0.1 0.1 1.7 Cutlass OF 1.0 qt 0.0b 0.0 0.3bcd 0.2c 0.4b 0.1 0.0 1.0 Cutlass OF 2.0 qt 0.0b 0.0 0.2cd 0.1c 0.2b 0.0 0.0 0.5 Cutlass WP 0.5 0.1b 0.0 0.3bcd 0.5bc 0.5b 0.0 0.0 1.4 Cutlass WP 1.0 0.0b 0.1 0.4bcd 0.3c 0.4b 0.0 0.0 1.2 Cutlass WP 2.0 0.0b 0.1 0.2d 0.3cb 0.4b 0.0 0.0 1.0 Dipel 2 X 0.5 0.1b 0.0 0.8ab 0.3bc 0.5b 0.0 0.0 1.7 Lannate 1.8 L 0.9 0.5a 0.2 0.7bc 0.7b 2.6a 0.2 0.1 5.0 Nontreated 0.4a 0.2 1.7a 2.1a 2.7a 0.1 0.2 7.4 Rate i DBM parasitized pupae/pl ant Treatment (AI)/acre 8 Mar 13 Mar 20 Mar 27 Mar 3 Apr 18 Apr 27 Apr means Cutlass OF 0.5 qt 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4b 0.2 0.0c O.lbc 1.0 Cutlass OF 1.0 qt 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1b 0.0 0.1c 0.0c 0.6 Cutlass OF 2.0 qt 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0b 0.1 0.0c 0.0c 0.3 Cutlass WP 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2b 0.4 0.1c 0.3abc 1.1 Cutlass WP 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6ab 0.2 0.1c 0.1c 1.1 Cutlass WP 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0b 0.2 0.2c 0.2abe 0.6 Dipel 2 X 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4ab 0.6 0.2e O.lbc 1.6 Lannate 1.8 L 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.9ab 1.2 1.0a 0.6ab 4.3 Nontreated 0.1 0.1 0.7 1.9a 2.9 0.5b 0.6a 6.8 E: VEGETABLE CROPS VOL.
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