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The Postmodern Self in Audre Lorde´S Zami: a New Spelling of My Name(1982)…………………………………………………………………………..….……..70-107 3.1

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The Postmodern Self in Audre Lorde´S Zami: a New Spelling of My Name(1982)…………………………………………………………………………..….……..70-107 3.1 THE POSTMODERN SELF IN 21ST CENTURY WOMEN OF COLOR WRITINGS Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophie an der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz eingereicht von Tidita Abdurrahmani am 10.11.2010 Institut für Amerikanistik Erstbegutachter/in: Mag.Dr.phil.Ao.Univ.-Prof.Roberta Maierhofer Zweitbegutachter/in: Mag.Dr.phil.Ao.Univ.-Prof.Walter Hoelbling November 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...................................................................................................................1-2 INTRODUCTION………………………............................................................................................3-15 1. POSTMODERN SELVES, BLACK IDENTITIES, FEMALE BODIES……...………………..16-46 1.1. Subjectivity, Past and Present……………………………………………………….....16-18 1.2. Periodization of the “Self” Concept……………………………………………………18-22 1.2.1. The Self Concept. Classicism To Modernism………………………........….18-20 1.2.2. The Postmodern Conceptions of the Self.....…………………………………20-22 1.3. Self under the Scientific and Religious Lenses………………………………………...23-26 1.4. The Autobiographical Self…………………………………………………………..…26-28 1.5. The Multidimensional Self…………………………………………..…………...…….28-44 1.5.1. The Female Self... …………………………………...…………………........28-32 1.5.2. Black Selves Ethnic Identities…………………………………………….....33-34 1.5.3. Self and the Sense of the Other…….……………………………………………..34-38 1.5.4. Bodily Dimensions of the Self……...……….…………………………………….38-39 1.5.5. Self and Language……...…………………………………..………………..39-41 1.5.6. Self and Memory………………………………………………...………......42-43 1.5.7. Self and History…………...………………………………………………....43-44 1.6. Chapter Conclusions…………………………………………………………………...44–46 2.THE TEXTURE OF AUTOBIOGRAPHY: DEFINITIONS, TRAITS, CONTROVERSIES……………………………………………………………………………....47-69 2.1. Tentative Definitions, Autobiographical Forms and Practices………………………...47-49 2.2. The Autobiography Critique: Periodization, Tenets and Criticism…………………....50-56 2.3. Finding a Niche of One´s Own: Autobiography and The Female Dimension……...….56-60 2.3.1. The Female Autograph: Differences Between the Male and Female Discourse in Autobiographical Writings………………………………………………………59-60 2.4. Shattered Mirrors in the “Promised Land”: Representation in the Black Autobiography………………………………………………………………………....60-64 2.4.1. White and Black Female Autobiography Compared……………………………63–64 2.5. Literary Experimentation and Cultural Strangulation: Autobiography as a Collage of Postmodern Life………………………………………………………………...……..64-68 2.5.1. Postmodernism and the Status of Autobiography…………………………....64-65 2.5.2. A Woman’s Autobiography and Postmodernism………………………………...67-69 3.TRIANGULAR LINKAGES AND “THE HOUSE OF DIFFERENCE”. THE POSTMODERN SELF IN AUDRE LORDE´S ZAMI: A NEW SPELLING OF MY NAME(1982)…………………………………………………………………………..….……..70-107 3.1. Affirming Critical Difference: Self and Other in Audre Lorde´s Zami:A New Spelling of my Name………………………………………………………………...71-94 3.1.1. Otherness and the Color Complex…………………………………………...74-77 3.1.2. Border Crossings and Initiation Rites. Naming in Audre Lorde´s Zami:A New Spelling of My Name…………………………………………………….78 3.1.3. Queering and Lesbianism in Zami…………………………………………...79-82 3.1.4. Re-Writing Home: Audre Lorde and the Matrilineal Diaspora……………….82-88 3.1.5. The “House”of the “Self”. Displacement and the “Journey Woman” in Zami ………………………………………………………...88-94 3.2. Corporeal Materiality and Lesbian Eroticism in Audre Lorde Zami:A New Spelling of My Name(1982)……………………………………………………….94-101 3.3. Ancestral Origins, Memory and the Multigenre in Audre Lorde´s Autobiography…………………………………………………...101-105 3.4.Chapter Conclusions…………………………………………………………………105–107 4. POSTMODERN BLACKNESS AND SELF-RECOVERY in bell hooks´ BONE BLACK:MEMORIES OF GIRLHOOD(1996)…………………………………………………….110–130 4.1. Unfathomable Depths and “Blackened” Alterity. “Self ”and “Other” in hooks´ Bone Black……………………………………………………………………………...110-124 4.1.1. Quiltwork “Patches” of Identity. Otherness in hooks´Autobiography……111-118 4.1.2. Weaving the Matrilineal Tapestry. Daughterly Daydreams and Motherly Nightmares in Bone Black……………………………………………….118-123 4.1.3.Homeplace and “Belonging” in bell hooks´ Bone Black…………………..123-124 4.2. The “Cave” Within. Body Geography and Spiritual Spatiality in bell hooks……....124-125 4.3. The “Hope Chest” and Childhood Memories in Bone Black……………………….125-128 4.4. Chapter Conclusions……...………………………………………………………...129–130 5.POSTMODERN “BRUSHWORK” and POINTILLISTIC SELF EFFECTS IN VERONICA CHAMBER´S MAMA´S GIRL.(1996)……………………………………………………...…130-156 5.1.Pontillism and the Fragmented, Postmodern Self in Veronica Chambers´Mama´s Girl…………………………………………………………….132-134 5.2. Dimensions of Self and Otherness in Veronica Chamber´s Memoir……………….134–152 5.2.1. Divergent Replicas and “Mothering” Daughters. Self and Matrilinealism in Veronica Chambers´Mama´s Girl…………………………………………134-142 5.2.2. Remapping Family Relationships. Self & the Others in Veronica Chamber´s Mama´s Girl……………………………………………………………...142-145 5.2.3. Genderism, Colorism and Multiculturalism in Veronica Chamber´s Narrative…………………………………………..145-148 5.2.4. Hardened Lives: Latino-American Dislocations in Veronica Chambers´Autobiography………………………………………………...148-150 5.2.5. Anchoring the Postmodern Self. Body Modification in Veronica Chambers´Mama´s Girl…………………………………………………..150-152 5.3. Writing a New Story of Oneself. The Fictionalization of Life and Narrative in Veronica Chamber´s Mama´s Girl………………………………………………...153-155 5.4. Chapter Conclusions………………………………………………………………...155–156 6.POSTMODERN HYBRIDITY AND PATCHWORK SELF IN REBECCA WALKER´S BLACK,WHITE AND JEWISH.(2000)……………………………………………………......157–183 6.1. Familiar Outsiderhood. Otherness in Rebecca Walker´s Black, White and Jewish(2000)………………………………………………………………………..158–169 6.1.1. “Mestiza Daughters”and “Cultural Electras”: Transborder Matrilienage in Rebecca Walker´s Black, White and Jewish (2000)………………………..158-165 6.1.2. Making Peace with the “In-Between”: Displacement and the Politics of Location in Rebecca Walker´s Autobiography……………………………………...165-169 6.2. Hybrid Spaces and Borderland Corporeality. The Postmodernn Self and Body in Rebecca Walker……………………………………………………….169–172 6.3. Memory and Cultural Politics in Rebecca Walker’s Black, White and Jewish……. 172–182 6.4.Chapter Conclusions………………………………………………………………....182–183 7. NAVIGATING THROUGH THE COLOR COMPLEX. THE POSTMODERN SELF IN MARITA GOLDEN´S DON´T PLAY IN THE SUN: A JOURNEY THROUGH THE COLOR COMPLEX (2004)……………………………………………………………………………184–213 7.1. Transplanted Identities: The Multiple Dimensions of Marita Golden´s Don´t Play in The Sun: A Journey Through the Color Complex(2004)…………….185–202 7.1.1. Motherly “Walking Shoes” : Self and Matrilinealism in Don´t Play in the Sun…………………………………………………………………….188–189 7.1.2. Alterity and Conditioned Transcendence. Self and Other in Marita Golden΄s Autobiography…………………………………...………..….190–195 7.1.3. Convex lenses. Colorism and Intra- Racial Discrimination in Marita Golden´s Narrative………………………………...……………..195–200 7.1.4. “Journeying Selves” and Diverging Cultures . Self and Location in Marita Golden´s Autobiography………………..…..……………..200–202 7.2. Skin Fetishism and Body Objectification in Marita Golden´s Autobiography…………......202–209 7.3. Postcard Reminscences and Permeable Narrative Borders. Self and Memory in Rebecca Walker´s Black,White and Jewish(2004)………………………………………………...209–212 7.4. Chapter Conclusions………………………………………………………………………...212–213 CONCLUSIONS………………………………………………………………………………...224–219 APPENDIX 1: THE AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY FROM SLAVES TO PRESIDENTS.................................................................220–223 APPENDIX 2: AFRICAN AMERICAN LITERATURE. BETWEEN MAINSTREAM AND MARGINALIZATION………………...224–228 APPENDIX 3: MUFFLED VOICES, STRIDENT FEATS. FEMINISM IN THE UNITED STATES..........................................................229–234 3.1. The “Black” Face of Feminism in The United States………………………230–233 3.2. Feminism and Lesbianism..............................................................................233–234 ENDNOTES..................................................................................................................................235–237 WORKS CITED............................................................................................................................238–253 The Postmodern Self in 21st Century Women of Color Writings Abdurrahmani T. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of this dissertation paper owes to the support, encouragement and assistance of a network of academics, family members and friends. I feel thus it is both my responsibility and my pleasure to acknowledge my indebtedness to them. First of all I owe much acknowledgement and gratitude to my academic advisor, Univ- Prof. Mag. Dr. Roberta Maierhofer, whose unyielding assistance exhorted and challenged me to see this thesis finished, and whose meticulousness and insightful suggestions provided me with valuable feedback for revision and rethinking parts of the argument. It was her persistence, commitment and support that paved the way for the initiation of the cooperation between the two universities and the successive pursuit and completion of the doctoral studies for all the department’s faculty members. It is with a debt of gratitude that I also acknowledge the help of Univ-Prof. Mag. Dr. Walter Hoelbling for having graciously provided me with efficient thoughts, suggestions and comments about the thesis organization and writing, for kindly making me trust in my capacities
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