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volume 18 • issue 3 • 2010 Recording Change at Mammoth Hot Springs Microbial Diversity from Harsh Environments An A House A l “We cannot create observers by saying ‘observe,’ but by giving them the power and the means for this observation, and these means are procured through education of the senses.” —Maria Montessori, Italian physician and educator The Power of Observation remember visiting Mammoth Hot Springs during my students are creating a database that will be available for fu- family’s trip to Yellowstone when I was in elementary ture study while learning valuable lessons about the power school. For me, the terraces paled in comparison to of observation and the scientific process. Maybe one of them Ithe excitement of the geysers, the vivid colors of hot pools, will go on someday to be involved in a project like Brett and the surprise of seeing wildlife species we had never seen Carr’s, where scientists are using aerial photographs and before. Having observed the Mammoth terraces now over modern technology to map changes at Mammoth and mea- many years, I’ve concluded that a single visit is interesting, sure thermal water discharge from the system. Maybe one of but only after multiple visits can you begin to appreciate them will choose to study the park’s extreme thermophiles, how dynamic the area really is. as discussed by Dennis Grogan in his article. And hopefully In this issue, Ana Houseal shares a project in which el- all of them will leave the park with a deeper understanding ementary and junior high school students work with teach- of and appreciation for a system that, at first glance, seems ers and scientists to capture photographs and data that re- quiet and simple. cord often dramatic changes at the terraces over time. These I hope you enjoy the issue. a periodical devoted to natural and cultural resources volume 18 • issue 3 • November 2010 Tami Blackford editor Graphic Designer Mary Ann Franke Associate editor Mammoth Hot springs, one of the most rapidly and dramatically changing sites in Janine Waller Assistant editor Yellowstone national Park, April 20, 2009. sTaRRs photo point 9. Emily Yost Assistant editor F e at u r e s Artcraft Printers, Inc. Bozeman, Montana Printer 7 Mammoth Hot springs: Where Change is Constant A Student-Teacher-Scientist Partnership was established in 2008 to connect students and researchers, increase observations, and expand the Expedition: Yellowstone! program. Ana K. Houseal, Bruce W. Fouke, Robert Sanford, Robert Yellowstone Science is published periodically. support for Yellowstone Science is provided Fuhrmann, and Ellen Petrick by the Yellowstone Association, a nonprofit educational organization dedicated to serving the park and its visitors. For more information 15 Mapping Change at Mammoth about the association, including membership, or to donate to the production of Yellowstone Hot springs Science, visit www.yellowstoneassociation.org or write: Yellowstone Association, Po Box 117, Few maps show the locations of flowing thermal water over Yellowstone national Park, WY 82190. The opinions expressed in Yellowstone Science are time in Mammoth Hot Springs. The goal of this project was the authors’ and may not reflect either to create a series of maps showing the dynamic nature of the national Park service policy or the views of the Yellowstone Center for Resources. Mammoth hydrothermal system. Copyright © 2010, Yellowstone Association for natural science, History & education. For Brett B. Carr, Cheryl Jaworowski, and Henry P. Heasler back issues of Yellowstone Science, please see www.greateryellowstonescience.org/ys. 23 Yellowstone’s Thermophiles Extreme thermophiles thrive in the harsh environments submissions are welcome from all investigators conducting formal research in the Yellowstone of Yellowstone National Park and have a high degree of area. To submit proposals for articles, to evolutionary diversity. subscribe, or to send a letter to the editor, please write to the following address: Dennis W. Grogan editor, Yellowstone Science, Po Box 168, Yellowstone national Park, WY 82190. You may also email: [email protected]. D e pa rt M e n t s Yellowstone Science is printed on recycled paper with a soy-based ink. 2 news & notes Old Faithful Visitor Education Center Opens • Superintendent Lewis Retires • 10th Biennial Scientific Conference Summary Cover photo: Canary spring at Mammoth Hot 5 shorts springs: top July 18, 2008, bottom Biotransformation of Arsenic by a Yellowstone Alga • Remote May 3, 2009. Courtesy Ana Houseal. Measurements of River Channel Depth P A ul sCH ulle News & Notes ry Old Faithful Visitor Education Superintendent Center Opens Suzanne Lewis Retires On August 25, 2010, a dedication ceremony and grand opening was held After nearly 32 years at the new Visitor Education Center at in the National Park Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Service, Yellowstone Park. It was hosted by Yellowstone Superintendent Suzanne Superintendent Suzanne Lewis, and au- Lewis retired on thor and former Yellowstone historian October 22, 2010. As Paul Schullery gave the keynote ad- superintendent since dress. Assistant Secretary of the Interior February 10, 2002, she for Fish, Wildlife and Parks Tom managed more than Strickland, director of the National 2.2 million acres, a staff Park Service Jon Jarvis, and chairman of 800, and an annual of the Yellowstone Park Foundation base budget of more Bannus Hudson also offered remarks. than $36 million. The event opened with music from She began her The new old Faithful Visitor education Center. the Wyoming National Guard’s 67th National Park Service Army Band and presentation of the career as a seasonal park colors by the Yellowstone National ranger in 1978 at Gulf Islands National Service Candidate Development Park Mounted Color Guard. At the Seashore. During her 11-year tenure Program, she completed assign- end of the ceremony the building there, she served in a variety of posi- ments with the Department of opened to the public, offering visi- tions including park technician, park Interior Secretary’s Special Assistant tors access to the interactive exhibits, historian, supervisory park ranger, and for Alaska, the Department of including a working model geyser. management assistant to the superin- Interior Office of Management and The building was designed to set tendent. Chosen in 1988 for an inter- Budget, the Walt Disney World new standards for accessibility and national assignment to the Republic of Corporation, Harvard University, for the interpretation of complex Haiti, she assisted the United Nation’s and Carnegie Mellon University. scientific information to the public. efforts to preserve, protect, and educate Lewis received numerous awards It is one of the first National Park Haitians in the preservation of natural throughout her National Park Service visitor centers to achieve Gold and cultural resources. In 1989, Lewis Service career, including the Rachel LEED certification from the US was appointed acting superintendent M. Carson Award for Women in Green Building Council in recog- of Christiansted National Historic Conservation from the National nition of its sustainable construc- Site and Buck Island Reef National Audubon Society (2010), the tion and operational standards. Monument. In 1990, she was selected Presidential Rank Award for Senior Of the $27 million design and as the first superintendent for the Executives in government (2009), a construction cost of the new building, newly created Timucuan Ecological and National Women’s History Month $15 million was provided by the non- Historic Preserve. Lewis served as the Honoree (2007), the Secretary’s profit Yellowstone Park Foundation, superintendent for the Chattahoochee Bronze Executive Leadership Award the official fundraising partner of River National Recreation Area from (2004), the National Park Service Yellowstone National Park. More 1997 to April 2000. She was superin- Meritorious Service Award (2003), and than 400 individuals, foundations, tendent at Glacier National Park prior the National Parks and Conservation and corporations made contributions to her Yellowstone appointment. Association Park Manager of the to the Yellowstone Park Foundation Lewis earned her BA (magna Year for Partnerships (1994). She for the project. These contributions cum laude) in American History in was also awarded the Woman of ranged from $2.00 to $3 million. 1978 from the University of West Distinction Award by the Girl Scout Florida. During her Senior Executive Councils of America in 1997. 2 Yellowstone Science 18(3) • 2010 changes in climate, disease, vegetation, wildlife, and aquatic resources; simula- tion models and technology; trophic QUESTIONINGG GREAREATERTER YELLOWSTELLOWSTONEO ’S FUTURE cascades; and human adaptations to and alterations of their environment. Climate, Land Use, and Invasive Species Keynote speeches addressed each of the drivers of ecological change in the The 10thth BiennialBiennial ScienticScientic ConferConference on the GYA: climate, land use, and invasive Greatereater Yellowstoneellowstone EcosystemEcosystem species. Stephen Gray, Wyoming State Climatologist and director of the Wyoming Water Resources Data System, delivered the climate keynote. Gray addressed outcomes of future climate and change in the GYA under different scenarios. He also discussed potential challenges to management Summary of the 10th Biennial and the importance of partnerships and suggested managers maintain and Scientific Conference on to ecosystem restoration. She con-
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