5. Laporan Baseline Keanekaragaman Hayati Bulu Sipong

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5. Laporan Baseline Keanekaragaman Hayati Bulu Sipong KERJASAMA PT. SEMEN TONASA DAN BALAI PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DAN KEHUTANAN MAKASSAR LAPORAN BASELINE KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI PT SEMEN TONASA DI BULU SIPONG DISUSUN OLEH Tim Peneliti Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Makassar (Balitbang LHK Makassar): MAKASSAR, JUNI 2019 i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN LAPORAN BASELINE KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI BULU SIPONG Makassar, Juni 2019 Mengetahui : Kepala Balitbang LHK Makassar Ketua Tim Peneliti Ir. Misto, MP. Dr. Retno Prayudyaningsih, S.Si., M.Sc. NIP. 19620711 199002 1 001 NIP. 19741129 200112 2 001 ii TIM PENYUSUN 1. Dr. Retno Prayudyaningsih, S.Si., M.Sc 2. Albert D Mangopang, S.Hut 3. Fajri Ansari, S.Hut., M.Sc 4. Abdul Qudus Toaha, S.Hut iii DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL LEMBAR PENGESAHAN TIM PENYUSUN DAFTAR TABEL DAFTAR GAMBAR DAFTAR ISI I. PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang B. Tujuan dan Sasaran C. Manfaat II. METODE III. KEADAAN UMUM LOKASI A. Keadaan Iklim B. Keadaan Geologi dan Morfologi Karst C. Keadaan Topografi dan Tanah IV. Hasil A. Keanekaragaman Jenis Tumbuhan di Bulu Sippong B. Lokalitas Jenis - Jenis Perdu dan Pohon Bulu Sippong C. Status Konservasi Jenis - Jenis Pohon Bulu Sippong V. Penutup dan Rekomendasi Daftar Pustaka Lampiran iv DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1. Hasil Analisis Sifat Kimia Tanah Bulu Sippong Tabel 2. Jenis-jenis tumbuhan yang tumbuh di Bulu Sipong Tabel 3. Kerapatan (K), kerapatan relative (KR), frekwensi (F), frekwensi relative (FR), dan indeks nilai penting (INP) tumbuhan herba di Bulu Sippong Tabel 4. Kerapatan (K), kerapatan relative (KR), frekwensi (F), frekwensi relative (FR), dan indeks nilai penting (INP) jenis pohon pada tingkat semai di Bulu Sippong Tabel 5. Kerapatan (K), kerapatan relative (KR), frekwensi (F), frekwensi relative (FR), dan indeks nilai penting (INP) jenis pohon dan perdu pada tingkat pancang di Bulu Sippong Tabel 6. Kerapatan (K), kerapatan relative (KR), frekwensi (F), frekwensi relative (FR), dan indeks nilai penting (INP) jenis pohon dan perdu pada tingkat tiang di Bulu Sippong Tabel 7. Kerapatan (K), kerapatan relative (KR), frekwensi (F), frekwensi relative (FR), dan indeks nilai penting (INP) jenis pohon pada tingkat pohon di Bulu Sippong Tabel 8. Nilai Indeks Keanekaragaman Jenis Pohon di Bulu Sipong Tabel 9. Lokalitas jenis-jenis pohon dan perdu yang tumbuh di Bulu Sipong Tabel 10. Status konservasi jenis-jenis pohon di Bulu Sipong v DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1. Letak plot-plot pengamatan sampling vegetasi di kawasan Bulu Sippong Gambar 2. Desain plot pengamatan metode kombinasi metode jalur dengan bentuk plot kuadrat bersarang Gambar 3. Kondisi Bulu Sippong dari beberapa sudut pandang Gambar 4. Desain Taman Kehati Bulu Sippong vi I. PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang PT. Semen Tonasa merupakan salah satu perusahaan besar di Indonesia yang memroduksi semen dan sekaligus melakukan penambangan batu kapur serta tanah liat sebagai bahan bakunya. Kehadiran pabrik semen Tonasa sejak 1962 cukup berperan dalam upaya memenuhi kebutuhan semen yang setiap tahun semakin meningkat, terutama untuk wilayah Indonesia Timur. Selama menjalankan proses bisnisnya, PT. Semen Tonasa selalu memperhatikan dampak-dampak yang terjadi terhadap lingkungan sesuai visi perusahaan untuk menjadi perusahaan semen terkemuka yang efisien dan berwawasan lingkungan di Indonesia. Kepedulian PT Semen Tonasa terhadap lingkungan yang sangat tinggi dibuktikan dengan diraihnya proper hijau. Saat ini PT. Semen Tonasa sedang berupaya menuju proper emas malalui pembangunan taman kehati yang merupakan bagian program konservasi keanekargaman hayati (KEHATI). Kawasan Bulu Sipong yang terletak di Kelurahan Bontoa, Kecamatan Minasate’ne, Kabupaten Pangkep ditunjuk oleh PT Semen Tonasa sebagai lokasi taman kehati. Pemilihan lokasi ini berdasarkan beberapa pertimbangan yaitu (1) Kawasan dengan Topografi Karst yang unik, (2) Memiliki beberapa situs purbakala yang terdaftar di Dinas Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, dan (3) Memiliki akses keluar masuk yang sudah dikelola dengan baik. Berdasarkan Permen LH No. 03 Tahun 2013, taman keanekaragaman hayati (Taman Kehati) memiliki pengertian sebagai suatu kawasan pencadangan sumber daya alam hayati lokal di luar kawasan hutan yang mempunyai fungsi konservasi in-situ dan/atau ex-situ, khususnya bagi tumbuhan yang penyerbukan dan/atau pemencaran bijinya harus dibantu oleh satwa dengan struktur dan komposisi vegetasinya dapat mendukung kelestarian satwa penyerbuk dan pemencar biji. Fungsi utama taman kehati adalah sebagai kawasan penyelamatan tumbuhan lokal. Selain itu taman kehati juga diharapkan mampu menjadi sumber bibit, pemuliaan tanaman, dan sarana pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, pendidikan dan penyuluhan, serta 1 menjadi lokasi wisata alam dan sebagai ruang terbuka hijau. Tumbuhan yang akan diselamatkan dalam taman kehati adalah tumbuhan lokal, tumbuhan endemik, dan tumbuhan langka. Pembangunan taman kehati memerlukan informasi data dasar ( base line ) mengenai keanekaragaman hayati terutama jenis-jenis tumbuhan lokal yang secara alami tumbuh di areal yang ditunjuk sebagai taman kehati. Untuk mendapatkan informasi keanekaragaman jenis-jenis tumbuhan yang secara alami tumbuh di Bulu Sipong maka perlu dilakukan inventarisasi dan identifikasi flora sebagai dasar untuk menentukan jenis- jenis tumbuhan lokal, endemik atau langka yang ada di areal taman kehati. B. Tujuan dan Sasaran Penelitian dan pengembangan keanekaragaman hayati di Bulu Sipong bertujuan memberikan informasi keanekaragaman jenis-jenis tumbuhan yang telah ada/tumbuh secara alami, lokalitas atau edemisitasnya, dan status konservasinya. Informasi tersebut akan menjadi dasar pertimbangan untuk pembangunan taman keanekaragaman hayati (KEHATI) sebagai perlindungan keanekaragaman hayati di sekitar area tambang serta kawasan pendidlkan geopark dan purbakala. C. Manfaat 1. Manfaat baseline keanekaragaman hayati PT. Semen Tonasa di Bulu Sipong adalah: 2. Menyediakan database keanekaragaman hayati terutama jenis tumbuhan di Bulu Sipong yang merupakan areal taman kehati PT. Semen Tonasa. 3. Menjadi acuan dalam pengelolaan sumber daya dan lingkungan untuk peningkatan keanekaragaman hayati di areal taman kehati PT. Semen Tonasa 4. Pedoman dalam pengambilan keputusan, perumusan kebijakan, penyusunan strategi pengelolaan keanekaragaman hayati di PT. Semen Tonasa. 2 II. METODE Untuk penyusunan data dasar (base line) keanekaragaman hayati, khususnya flora dilakukan kegiatan inventarisasi dan analisis vegetasi dengan sampling vegetasi terhadap tumbuhan alaminya. Sampling vegetasi menggunakan metode plot kuadrat bersarang secara sistematis berdasarkan tingkat permuadaanya dengan jalur yang titik awalnya ditentukan secara acak ( systematic with random start ) (Osting, 1956). Sebanyak 20 plot dibuat untuk pengamatan jenis-jenis tumbuhan yang menyusun vegetasi Bulu Sipong (Gambar 1). Plot kuadrat terdiri dari plot-plot berukuran 20 m x 20 m untuk pengamatan jenis-jenis tumbuhan pada tingkat pohon, plot berukuran 10 m x 10 m untuk pengamatan jenis-jenis tumbuhan pada tingkat tiang, plot berukuran 5 m x 5 m untuk pengamatan jenis-jenis tumbuhan pada tingkat pancang dan perdu, 2 m x 2 m untuk tingkat anakan/semai, dan 1 m x 1 m untuk tumbuhan bawah/herba/rumput (Gambar 2). Kriteria tingkat permudaan yang digunakan adalah : (i) semai adalah anakan pohon mulai kecambah sampai tingginya ≤ 1,5 m, (ii) pancang adalah anakan pohon dengan diameter < 10 cm dan tinggi > 1,5 m, (iii) tiang adalah pohon muda dengan diameter 10 s/d 20 cm dan (iv) pohon adalah pohon dewasa yang memiliki diameter > 20 cm (Kusmana, 1997). 3 Gambar 1. Letak plot-plot pengamatan sampling vegetasi di kawasan Bulu Sipong 50 5 m 10 m 2 m 1 m 20 1 m Arah rintisan 2 m 10 m 5 m 10 Gambar 2. Desain plot pengamatan metode kombinasi metode jalur dengan bentuk plot kuadrat bersarang 4 Pada setiap plot dilakukan pengamatan terhadap jenis, jumlah individu setiap jenisnya. Data vegetasi yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis untuk mengetahui nilai penting (INP) setiap jenis tumbuhan, keanekaragaman jenis (H’) dan kekayaan jenis (R). Nilai penting merupakan penjumlahan dari kerapatan relatif dan frekuensi relatif dan dominansi relatif (Mueller-Dombois dan Ellenberg, 1974; Krebs, 1972). INP (%) = KR + FR +DR dimana, 1. Kerapatan atau densitas merupakan jumlah/cacah individu setiap jenis per satuan luas Kerapatan = KR Kerapatan Relatif ! 100% 2. Frekuensi merupakan keseringan suatu jenis hadir dalam setiap plot sampel ) * Frekuensi * ) +* FR Frekuensi Relatif ! 100% +* 3. Dominansi diukur berdasarkan cover crown atau penutupan tajuk pohon dan herba. * ,ominansi /) ,R ,ominansi Relatif ! 100% /) Indeks keanekaragaman (H’) dianalisis menggunakan rumus dari Shannon dan Wiener (1949) dalam Krebs (1972) sebagai berikut: 5 7 01 2 3Pi ! log 2 Pi 89: dimana: ; < H’ = indeks keanekaragaman jenis ni = jumlah individu suku ke-i N = total jumlah individu S = total jumlah suku dalam sampel Selanjutnya untuk keperluan identifikasi jenis tumbuhan alami yang mengolonisasi kawasan Bulu Sipong, maka bersamaan dengan kegiatan sampling vegetasi juga dilakukan pengambilan sampel tumbuhannya. Sampel tumbuhan tersebut selanjutnya dibuat herbarium untuk diidentifikasi jenisnya oleh laboratorium ekologi hutan, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hutan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. Setelah jenis-jenis tumbuhan diketahui nama ilmiahnya maka dilakukan penentuan lokalitas dan endemisitas jenis-jenis tersebut berdasarkan sebaran alami dan status konservasinya. Informasi
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