DOCSLIB.ORG

The Independence of the Netherlands

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ௐ 2 ഇ! ࢱ 173-211! 2020 ѐ/आ؞ཱི !ס έ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώ! ௐ 16 Taiwan International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 173-211 Summer 2020 荷蘭的獨立建國 ߉ϒዡ ර̂ጯϔ୉ְચၱ൴णጯրି଱ڌ ၡ ࢋ ώ͛͹ࢋд̬௜ఈᜋ௲ᗓҘ঱Ͱ҃፾ϲ۞࿅඀ĄࢵАĂԧࣇА ൴णĂତ۞˭̝ڼᜋҹͳ઼௚ڱ૟̬௜ఈᜋ۞ѝഇ።ΫĂপҾߏд ᖼ۞઼ޓ።ΫĂГֽ҂၅ৠཐᘲ੺۞˭ڼґௐ઼̳௚ݎ඾аᜪд ൴જă̈́፾ϲ۞ۋͽ፾ϲጼޢĂ౵ڼᑭෛҘ঱Ͱ۞ᇷࢅ௚ޢԶĂ൒ ቁϲઇඕԍĄ۞ ăҘ঱Ͱ઼ޓґௐ઼̳ăৠཐᘲ੺ݎᜋҹͳ઼ăڱᙯᔣෟĈఈᜋă ăௐ 2 ഇĞ2020/आ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 174 壹、前言 ĞNetherlands War of Independenceğ˫Ⴭࠎఈᜋ੓ཌྷۋఈᜋ፾ϲጼ ĞDutch RevoltğĂߏ޽ఈᜋȈ˛࠷ĞSeventeen Provinces, 1549-81ğĂд ѐ̝มࠎ௲ᗓҘ঱Ͱݣο೻ಢͳഈĞHabsburg Spain, 1516-1700ğ 1568-1648 ഇдቁϲܐۋĞEighty Years’ WarğĄጼۋỷ⅃ٙઇ۞Ӆ˧Ă˫ჍˣȈѐጼ நĞde jureğ፾ϲĞ1649ğڱפۋΗొ݋дޢ၁ኳĞde factoğ፾ϲĞ1581ğĂ ϲ˞ఈᜋВ׶઼1ޙĞWikipedia, 2020: Dutch RevoltğĄ௣տĂΔΗొјΑ 2 ĞDutch Republic, 1581-1795ğĂݑ Η ొ ݋ᔒᖼࢉϠࠎͧӀॡăͽ̈́ᎊ഑ಢĄ ਠٙჍ۞઼छĶఈᜋķĂϒё۞઼Щ׎၁ߏ the Netherlands3Ğࢰᛌࠎ˘ Ⴭࠎఈ˫ــκᇇᜋğĂБЩߏκᇇᜋͳ઼ĞKingdom of the NetherlandsğĂ ᜋͳ઼4ĄгநЩෟκᇇᜋຍޥߏҲг઼ĞLow CountriesğĂࣧώᔘΒӣͧӀ ЪჍࠎĶͧఈᎊķĞBeneluxğˬ઼Ą׎၁Ăκᇇــ˭ॡăͽ̈́ᎊ഑ಢĂ༊ ᜋҋֽಶѣఈᜋұ઼ĞCounty of Hollandğăఈᜋ࠷ĞProvince of Hollandğ5Ă ࿅඀Էႊࢦࢋ۞֎ҒĂᙱҺజ۞઼ޙă̈́གྷᑻ˯۞͚੨Ăд፾ϲڼЯࠎ߆ ፋ઼࣎छĄд఺྆Ăκᇇᜋߏ޽።Ϋ˯۞Ҳг઼Ă׌۰Ϲֹ̢ϡĂײोֽჍ 6 னд۞ఈᜋ Ąܧ҃ ϒё઼Щߏκᇇᜋ˛࠷ᓑЪВ׶઼ĞRepublic of the Seven United NetherlandsğăᖎჍᓑ 1 ࠷В׶઼ĞUnited Provinces of the Netherlands, United ProvincesğĄ ֽޢăჍࠎҘᛳκᇇᜋĞSpanish Netherlands, 1556-1714ğĂڼҘ঱Ͱ௚צݑ͞݋ᚶᜈତ 2 ޢӌĂ౵׀઼ڱᖼ͘ࠎ๸ᛳκᇇᜋĞAustrian Netherlands, 1714-97ğăତ඾д 1795 ѐజ ̶Ҿ፾ϲࠎᎊ഑ಢĞ1815ğăͽ̈́ͧӀॡĞ1830ğĄ 3 :ᄬ Les Pays-Basڱఈᄬ NederlandĈnetherĞҲğ+ landsĞгğŶNetherlandsĞҲг઼ğĄ PaysĞ˿гă઼छğ+ BasĞҲğŶҲг઼Ą ो৔૬അགྷԬങ˘࣎౱ᐻ઼ Kingdom of HollandĞ1806-10ğĂᖙᛌ੓ֽߏт઄Βೱ۞ఈ 4 ཌྷĄڡᜋͳ઼Ă࠹༊ ೻প̜ğăؒܠϫ݈ĂྍгдҖ߆˯ထ̶ࠎΔఈᜋĞNorth HollandĂ౵̂۞ݱξߏࢵౌ 5 ݑఈᜋĞSouth HollandĂ౵̂۞ݱξߏ౩প̜ Rotterdamğ׌࣎࠷̶Ą̈́ ࠹ᙯЩෟ۞۬ཀྵă̈́ᗃ୻Ă֍ GeylĞ1958, 18-19ğĄ 6 175 ઼ޙఈᜋ۞፾ϲ 貳、早期歷史 ֎߷ĞRhine-Meuse-Scheldtˬګ೻ঔႬᇇ-ګᐵਬ-ګ඿਩ٺҲг઼Ҝ Җ࠷˭҅͟તκֲĞGermania Inferior, 83-475ğĄݑొ۞઼ޓdeltağĂߏᘲ੺ ౶Ⴌপ୉ĞCeltsğ۞֓ႬᄏˠĞBelgaeğొརĂдҘ̮݈ 57ٺࣧҝϔߏᛳ ă˘ొ̶ྭঔ̙ЕᙹԸያ୉ˠćΔొΔᙝᑺঔѣ҅͟ત୉۞ڇفѐజ౶ᖠ ĄڇĂ҃ݑᙝ۞͐྿ჯֲˠĞBataviğ௣տҊ૱̙ڇහ̀ᜋˠĞFrisiansğăݔ ࢑యїч۞઼ޓĂആᘲ੺اᜋҹˠĞFranksğдα͵ࡔҘொؠڱ۞͞ڌٺҜ හ̀ᜋĞFrisia, FrieslandğĄڇفڱᙝᘟĂݒؕ௣൑ ໚ĈWikipediaĞ2020: Migration PeriodğĄֽ ဦ 1Ĉ៌୉ˢܬᘲ੺ޓ઼ྮቢ ĞFrancia, Kingdom઼ޓᜋҹͳ઼Ǩڱҹࠃჯ˘͵ĞClovis I, 481-511ğߏ فᜋҹˠొརăڱፋЪٙѣޘof the Franks, Frankish Empireğ۞ಧૄ۰Ăࢵ Ăޢϲግࠃ໢ͳഈĞMerovingian DynastyğĄд΁Ѫޙ੼ᎊΔొ̈́̚ొĂ˞ڇ Ϥρ̄ҹޢॲፂ҅͟તˠ۞็௚Ăᅳ˿ࣧА̶ගα࣎׊̄ᚶٚĂ̙࿅Ă౵ Ăᅳг໰ּϤαޢࠃ঍Ⴌ˘͵ĞChlothar I, 511-61ğᝃ߁Ąҹࠃ঍Ⴌ˘͵Ѫ ăௐ 2 ഇĞ2020/आ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 176 ൑ޢߤந֓Ⴌপ˘͵ĞCharibert I, 561-67ğѪ̄ܜٺ࣎׊̄Ӯ̶Ă௣տĂϤ ,ᜋҹͳ઼۞ᅳ˿ˬ̶͇˭Ĉ੒প६ĞGuntramڱ๠Ăᅳгజˬ࣎ԙԙϝ̶Ă ґௐĞBurgundyğĂҘР֓Ⴌপ˘͵ĞSigebert I, 561-75ğݎ561-92ğᅳѣݑొ۞ ๸೻পٛҘֲĞAustrasia, 511-687ğăΒӣහ̀ᜋͽγ۞Ҳг઼Ă۞ొڌז̶ ,Ҙొ۞৸೻পӀֲĞNeustriaזԓႬׂ֧ҹ˘͵ĞChilperic I, 567-84ğ଀ 611-751ğĄ ໚ĈWikipediaĞ2020: Merovingian DynastyğĄֽ ᜋҹͳ઼ڱ۞˭ဦ 2Ĉግࠃ໢ͳഈ ซˢ˛͵ࡔĂ๸೻পٛҘֲӖͳు႙਽ୀĂझ࠹ĞMayor of the Palaceğ ˟ᜋ൳۞ͶπĞPepin of Landen, 623-29, 639-40ğ၁ᅫೠᝋć΁۞γगͶπ 7Ă֭ͷд 687טᜋҹͳ઼झ࠹۞͵᝚ڱĞPepin of Herstal, 680-714ğቁϲ͵ ґௐ۞झ࠹ĂѨ̄̈ॾ֧ᇝႬݎࢶᕠ̳ᒑᇇᘲ͖ĞDrogo of Champagneğϲࠎ̄ܜ΁૟ 7 ᇇĞGrimoald the Youngerğϲࠎ৸೻পֲ֧झ࠹Ą 177 ઼ޙఈᜋ۞፾ϲ ᜋҹͳ઼ĄͶπ˟͵۞ռϠ̄ߤநą੺পĞCharlesڱ˘ӌ৸೻পӀֲĂ௚׀ѐ Martelğ֗ࣘ๸೻পٛҘֲĞ715-41ğă̈́৸೻পӀֲĞ718-41ğ۞झ࠹Ă ుੜݑϚ۞හ̀ᜋˠĄߤநą੺প۞׊̄༣̄ͶπĞPepin the Short, 751-68ğ ,ཐΕΐӀֲĞPope Zachary؟дିֽޢࣧώߏ৸೻পӀֲ۞झ࠹Ğ741-51ğĂ ѐᆿᕈግࠃ໢ͳഈ۞ϐ΃઼ͳԓႬᇇ֧ҹ 751 ٺ741-52ğ۞Тຍ˭Ă઀਑ ͳഈĞCarolingianڒϲΐࠃޙĞChilderic III, 743-51ğĂҋϲࠎͳă͵ˬ DynastyğĄ༣̄Ͷπ۞׊̄ߤநତҜĞCharlemagne, 768-814ğĂд 800 ѐజ ķĞEmperor of theޓ։ˬ͵ĞPope Leo III, 795-816ğΐકࠎĶᘲ੺ˠ۞࠱؟ି RomansğĂӈߤநત̂ޓĞCharles the GreatğĂజෛࠎৠཐᘲ੺ޓ઼ĞHoly Ҳг઼Δ͞۞හ̀ᜋˠăڇفٺRoman Empire, 800/962-1806ğ۞൴੖Ą΁௣ Δ͞۞ᇩҹᅊˠĞSaxonsğĄڌ̈́ ໚ĈWikimedia CommonsĞ2020: File:Frankish Empire 481 to 814-en.svgğĄֽ ᜋҹͳ઼ڱဦ 3ĈБ஽ॡഇ۞ ăௐ 2 ഇĞ2020/आ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 178 ދĞLouis the Pious, 814-40ğާ඾ҋٽঽѪĂ׊̄਴ྕ۰ྮޓߤநત̂ Ăˬ࣎׊̄дĺ˲Ⴌޢய۞׊̄ቪᕈĞ833-34ğć΁Ѫ̶ڇజ̙ޘ˘ࠎ࠱Ă ୧Ĉܜဦෘྋࠎˬ࣎ۍᜋҹͳ઼Ă૟ڱ൳୧ࡗĻĞTreaty of Verdun, 843ğϝ̶ ᜋҹͳ઼ĞKingdom of theڱາన̚זࠃ঍Ⴌ˘͵ĞLothar I, 817-55ğ̶̄ܜ Middle Franks/Middle Francia, 843-55ğ̈́Щ᜖˯۞࠱ҜĂ΁۞ᅳгϤཌྷ̂Ӏ ĞLouis theٽҲг઼ćˬ̄҅͟તˠྮ۞˾ګ඿਩ٺΔঔĂΒӣҜזΔొؼ ᜋҹͳ઼ĞKingdom of the East Franks, EastڱڌGerman, 817-76ğᚶٚ ,ᇇ઼ć҃˴̄վᐝߤநĞCharles the Bald۞ޢFrancia, 843-962ğĂ˵ಶߏ͟ ,ᜋҹͳ઼ĞKingdom of the West Franks, West Franciaڱ840-77ğ݋ᒔ଀Ҙ Ą઼ڱ۞ֽޢ843-987ğĂӈ ໚ĈWikimedia CommonsĞ2019: File:Treaty of Verdun 843.pngğĄֽ ᜋҹͳ઼ڱ۞ޢဦ 4Ĉ˲Ⴌ൳୧ࡗ ᜋڱࠃ঍Ⴌ˘͵Ѫ݈Ă౅࿅ĺ೼ӕؒ୧ࡗĻĞTreaty of Prüm, 855ğ૟̚ ࠱Ҝ̈́זĞLouis II of Italy, 844-75ğ̶͵˟ٽྮ̄ܜҹͳ̶઼ගˬ࣎׊̄Ĉ ĞLombardyğćѨ̄ࠃ঍Ⴌ˟͵ĞLothar IIğᚶٚࠃ঍غཌྷ̂ӀΔొ۞ࣖ͐ ĞLorraineğăҲг઼ăڒႬͳ઼ĞKingdom of Lotharingia, 855-959ğĂΒӣࠃ ,ґௐĞUpper Burgundyğć҃̈׊̄ߤநĞCharles of Provenceݎ˯ͽ̈́ ґௐĞLower BurgundyğĄݎ˭೻ĞProvenceğĂΒӣٻ855-63ğ݋ᒔ଀೼ᘲ 179 ઼ޙఈᜋ۞፾ϲ ໚ĈWikipediaĞ2019: Treaty of PrümğĄֽ ᜋҹͳ઼ڱ۞ޢဦ 5Ĉ೼ӕؒ୧ࡗͽ ݎ˭ז̶͵˟ߤநд 863 ѐѪ˸൑๠Ăᅳгజ׌࣯࣯࣎ϝ̶Ĉࠃ঍Ⴌ ೻౺˭۞ొ̶Ąࠃ঍Ⴌ˟͵д 869 ѐѪ˸൑ٻ೼ᘲז݋̶͵˟ٽґௐĂྮ ᘪࢎĺ୥Ⴌ഑୧ࡗĻĞTreaty ofץץᜋҹͳ઼۞׌ҜڱăҘڌڼ๠Ă௚ ΔΗొă̈́ז̶ٽᜋҹͳ઼۞҅͟તˠྮڱڌMeerssen, 870ğΐͽϝ̶Ă ґݎ˭ᜋҹͳ઼۞վᐝߤநᒔ଀ڱґௐĂ҃Ҙݎ˯ݑΗొ۞̂ొ̶ٺҜ ԊࢬĂҲг۞˭̶͇ˬזᜋҹͳ઼˫аڱґௐ۞ҘొĄ௣տĂݎ˯ௐă̈́ ᜋҹͳ઼Ąڱڌᕩᛳ઼ ăௐ 2 ഇĞ2020/आ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 180 ໚ĈWikipediaĞ2019: Treaty of MeerssenğĄֽ ᜋҹͳ઼ڱ۞ޢဦ 6Ĉ୥Ⴌ഑୧ࡗͽ ᜋҹˠ۞ᖠҹ഑̳ᒑқӀ˘͵ĞHenry I the Fowler, 912-19ğд 919ڱܧ ,ᜋҹͳ઼઼ͳĞ919-36ğĂ౹ϲᖠҹ഑ͳഈĞSaxon Dynastyڱڌѐజଯᓝࠎ ᜋҹͳ઼ԼЩࠎᇇຍԠͳ઼ĞKingdom of GermanyğĂ΁ڱڌ919-1024ğă૟ ᜋᇇ೻ĞFlandersğͽγ۞Ҳг઼ĄқӀΝ͵Ă΁۞׊̄ญڱд 925 ѐӖᓜ ࡶ୕Ȉ؟΁۞ିٺဦ˘͵ĞOtto I the Great, 936-73ğତЇĂд 962 ѐϤѣՐ ଂȈޢĄѩޓ࠱઼ޓᘲ੺ΐકࠎৠཐᘲ੺ٺĞPope John XII, 955-64ğ͵˟ ڱᜋҹĞڱᜋᇇ೻ұ઼ĞCounty of FlandersğߏҘڱ˞Ȉα͵ࡔĂੵזࡔ͵ Ğᇇ઼ğćጐგтѩĂ઼ޓৠཐᘲ੺ٺڇ૶γĂ׎΁Ҳг઼ᅳ͹Ҋܢğ۞઼ ᝋĄڼă̈́ҋޘЧᅳгᔘߏჯ޺࠹༊̂۞ҋϤ 181 ઼ޙఈᜋ۞፾ϲ 參、勃艮第公國統治下的尼德蘭 ґௐ઼̳8ݎͳࡗᎰ˟͵ĞJohn II of France, 1350-64ğд 1363 ѐ૟ڱ ĞDuchy of BurgundyğϹ˴̄හӀ೼˟͵ĞPhilip the Bold, 1363-1404ğĂ΁ ೻˟͵ĞLouis II of Flandersğ۞ಏ็̃׊Ⴓٽᜋᇇ೻̳ᒑྮڱд 1369 ѐો ೻˟͵д 1384 ѐ࿅͵ĂහӀ೼ٽॾᚊপˬ͵ĞMargaret III of Flandersğćྮ ϤҁछĞproperğ۞ௐѕعґௐ઼̳ࢵݎᜋᇇ೻ᅳгĂ૟ڱ۞ͭدତќ͵˟ ,ґௐĞValois Burgundyݎοጆ๫ႬĂΫჍϞᎊϞזΔዏـĞ Dijon ğ ğκᇇ۞˭ڼґௐĞ௚ݎBurgundian State, 1363-1482ğĂѩॡ۞Ҳг઼Ⴭࠎ Ȉ˛࠷۞ᗖԛ̏֍Ąְ၁۞ޢᜋĞBurgundian Netherlands, 1384-1482ğĂ͟ ă઼ܭ଀۞఺๴઼̳ăפາײґௐझԗĞдௐѕğϡֽჍݎĂҲг઼ߏ˯ ᅳг۞ඕЪវĞWHKMLA, n.d.ağĄ̈́ ໚ĈWikimedia CommonsĞ2019: File:Map Burgundian Netherlands 1477-en.pngğĄֽ ĈȈ˛࠷۞၆໰Щಏ֍ WikipediaĞ2020: Seventeen ProvincesğĄځᄲ κᇇᜋ۞˭ڼґௐ௚ݎဦ 7Ĉ ґௐˠ۞ͳ઼ĞKingdom ofݎґௐͳ઼ĞKingdom of Burgundyğăٕݎᇃཌྷ఼Ⴭ۞ٺТ̙ 8 the Burgundians, 411-534ğĄ ăௐ 2 ഇĞ2020/आ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 182 හӀ೼ˬ͵ĞPhilipזґௐ็ݎϞᎊϞ the Good, 1419-67 ğĂᅳгੵ˞൴໚г Ğproperğݎґௐ઼̳ă̈́ݎґௐĞҋϤğ ұ઼ĞFree County of Burgundyğ9Ăᔘஉ ᄏೀͼٙѣҲг઼࠷̶10Ą΁඾͘κᇇᜋ छχౄĂপҾߏдࣧѣЧ࠷۞ᛉ઼۞ع߆ ົĞStates, Staten, Provincial Estatesğ˯ࢬ నཉκᇇᜋᓁᛉົĞStates General, ٺ Staten-Generaal11 of the NetherlandsğĂ֭ 1464 ѐдοጆ͟ࢵޘΡฟБဩົᛉćࠎ˞ ͞ܮќඁĂහӀ೼ˬ͵д 1430 ѐ౹నѿͨ ᗨ̀ဥĞOrder of the Golden Fleeceğ᝕ඛ ༊гᝋෳĞIsrael, 1995: 21-23ğĄጐგ̚δ ᔘზ؎્Ă௫ၚ፾ϲҋ͹۞ڱะᝋ̼۞ү ᜋᇇڱ12ă̈́็௚ĂڱᅳгЧҋѣ׎ၚ௫ ໚ĈLook and LearnĞ2020ğĄֽ 13 ೻̂ݱοጆ͟ĞBruges ğă̈́ॲপĞGhentğ ဦ 8ĈහӀ೼ˬ͵ᗉᑅοጆ͟ Ğ1437-38, 1449-53ğĂහӀۋ੓ཌྷԩޢА ԽݱᗉᑅĄܑࢬ˯Ҭ˧ڠঈމ೼ˬ͵୮̙ Ձ۞็௚Ăݒ̙௲ளٲͼநྋҲг઼̙జ ώኳĄ۞ڼ୉௚ ,ᜋ൝- ૵ಟ̂ડĞBourgogne-Franche-Comtéڱ -ґௐݎࠎ׀Ă׌гЪ઼ڱдன΃۞ 9 Burgundy-Free CountyğĄ ಢĞLimburgğĂତ඾ឭࢴ ӌ֤ᇍڒ଀οٛ঱পĞBrabantğă̈́פ ౵ѝߏд 1404-1406 10 ႬĞ Namur, 1421ğăఈᜋĞHollandğྫྷ፨ᜋĞZeeland, 1425-28ğăऄᏚĞHainaut, 1428ğă ᎊ഑ಢĞ1451ğăঔႬᇇᜋĞGelderlandğĞIsrael, 1995: 21ğĄ ͛ Estates GeneralĂ˵ಶߏ General Assemblyăڱٺࡻ͛ General States ᑕྍߏۡᛌĂ࠹༊ 11 General ParliamentĄ ఢΐ੓ֽѣ 700 к჌ĞLimm, 1989: 9ğĄڱҲг઼Чг۞ 12 ઼ڱĂপҾߏҘݑొͧዐڱ޸̈́ڱᇇᄬ۞᝝ٺᄬăࠤҌڱѣఈᄬăــҲг઼۞гЩĂ 13 -ᄬߏ Bois-leڱгડĂᛊт's-HertogenboschĞ೻ঔћқ౾೻ĂᖎჍ Den Bosch ൳౾೻ğ ၆໰ĄڱDucĄኛણ҂ GeylĞ1958: 20ğ۞ఈă 183 ઼ޙఈᜋ۞፾ϲ ăᇇڱତЇ۞̂ᓙߤநĞCharles the Bold, 1467-77ğр̂ಈΑĂࠎ˞ᄃ ඕా˧ڠဦĂ඾͘౅࿅ۍ΁ྏဦޭೇࠃ঍Ⴌͳ઼۞۞ݎݎൺĂฯ͕ܜྵ˘ ґௐұ઼ğăΔĞҲг઼ğ̝ม۞ᅳгјࠎ˘࣎፾ϲͳݎґௐ઼̳ăݎݑĞ ݑٺѪޢă̈́༄̀኏ࡎĂ౵ڒ଀ֲႬᖠ೻ĞAlsaceğ҃ᄃࠃפ˞ĂপҾࠎ઼ ᐁጼԝĞBattle of Nancy, 1477ğĄт͇̚͟۞̂ᓙߤநΑୀݬјĂ҃ͅឰ܎ ґௐ̳ݎפȈ˘ĞLouis XI of France, 1461-83ğ෺෍҃ˢ᝿ٽͳྮڱෛᶵᶵ Ă᏷ᚔࡗҹ۞ႳॾᚊপĞMargaret of York, 1468-77ğΪܲѣҲг઼ă઼̈́ ݎґௐұ઼ĞGeyl, 1958: 30; Holborn, 198: 41ğĄ ໚ĈWikimedia CommonsĞ2019: File:Karte Haus Burgund 4 ZH.pngğĄֽ ဦ 9Ĉ̂ᓙߤநॡݎґௐ઼̳ᅳг ăௐ 2 ഇĞ2020/आ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 184 ґݎһᓜݱ˭Ăκᇇᜋᓁᛉົ෺፟ࢋՐ̃׊઼ڱᓙߤந՟ѣշ๠Ă̂ ĻĞGreatېௐ۞ႳᚊĞMary of Burgundy, 1477-82ğᚶٚᘪཌĺ̂পధ ᝋڼPrivilege, 1477ğĂቁᄮޭೇහӀ೼ˬ͵ă̈́̂ᓙߤநٙᆿੵ۞г͞ҋ ઼ޓᝋ˧ćѩγĂᓁᛉົ˫щଵс๹ගৠཐᘲ੺۞عӀĂТॡ݇ऴ̚δ߆ දপধˬ͵ĞFrederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, 1452-93ğ۞׊̄ݣοޓ࠱ ,೻ಢͳഈ۞๸гӀ̳̂੺ҹҘѼӀщĞArchduke Maximilian of Austria ੺ҹҘѼӀщ˘͵14ĞMaximilianޓ࠱઼ޓৠཐᘲ੺۞ޢ1493-1519ğĂϺӈ͟ ґௐ۞Ⴓᚊ՟ѣ̦ᆃᏴፄĂݎI, Holy Roman Emperor, 1508-19ğĄૻᇲᒖҨĂ Ϗ΍إهٚҲг઼Ąд̚͵ࡔĂன΃ˠϔ͹ᝋநפȈ˘՟ѣᖣ˾৶ٽឰྮ Ğdynastic unionğĂ֗Ъ઼ބ࠹̢ᓑــЧ჌҂ณĂٺม΍̝ވனĂͳ ĄވĞpersonal unionğΦ۩֍ၚćκᇇᜋᓁᛉົ˼ზ༱ზĂݒߏ͔ফˢ ໚ĈWikimedia CommonsĞ2017: File:Maximilian I and Maria von Burgund.jpgğĄֽ ґௐ۞Ⴓᚊݎဦ 10Ĉ੺ҹҘѼӀщો ޓ੺ҹҘѼӀщАд 1486 ѐᒔ଀Ķᘲ੺ˠ۞઼ͳķĞKing of the Romansğ۞ৠཐᘲ੺ 14 Νᘲ੺۞ྮ౉͉ПٺᏐදপধˬ͵۞д 1493 ѐ࿅͵ତҜĂϤͭזᐼӖ̶֗Ăඈޓ࠱઼ Ąޓጏர˟͵ĞPope Julius II, 1503-13ğΐકࠎ࠱؟οҋ̎జିކᐍĂ΁д 1508 ѐ 185 ઼ޙఈᜋ۞፾ϲ 神聖羅馬帝國統治下的尼德蘭 ٛ೻୧ࡗĻĞTreaty of Arras, 1482ğܠᘪĺ઼ڱႳᚊд 1482 ѐᆩ੺֗˸Ă ґݎϒёٚᄮс۞׊̄හӀ೼˘͵ĞPhilip the Handsome, 1482-1506ğᚶٚ ׊̄හӀ۞̂ܜௐĂҭ̙Тຍс۞ˮ͈੺ҹҘѼӀᚶٚᅳгĄдοጆ๫Ⴌ ۞઼ޓҋ̎ତЇৠཐᘲ੺זۡ˘೼˘͵ѐρĂЯѩϤ੺ҹҘѼӀщᛷ߆Ă ࠱ҜĞ1508ğĂ̖ᔘ߆׊̄Ă̙࿅Ăֶ൒ᔘߏϤ΁၁ኳೠଠҲг઼Ą੺ҹҘ ѼӀщд 1512 ѐࢦፋᅳгĂనཉ˞˘࣎ݎґௐҖ߆઻ĞBurgundian Circle, ѺѐჍࠎݣο೻ಢ۞ޢ1512-1806ğֽგᔑĂҲг઼Ȉ˛࠷జஉᄏд̰Ăѩ κᇇᜋĞHabsburg Netherlands, 1482-1581ğĞHolborn, 198: 44-46, 49ğĄ ໚ĈWikimedia CommonsĞ2017: File:Burgundian Circle-2005-10-14-en.pngğĄֽ ґௐҖ߆઻ݎგᔑ۞઼ޓဦ 11Ĉৠཐᘲ੺ ґௐ۞ႳᚊྫྷҲгݎ̄؍ٺሹზĂ੺ҹҘѼӀщૄώ˯၆ڼߊ൒ߏ߆ ͵˘හӀ೼̄ܜĂщଵ઼ڱĄ΁ࠎ˞၆ԩޞĻҽ႐ͽېᘪཌ۞ĺ̂পధ઼ ͳ೺࢚ݑ˟͵ĞFerdinand II of Aragon, 1479-1516ğᄃΙ઼تોҘ঱Ͱֲٛ ˘೻೩Ⴌ̃ͳϿ௻֓ٛ˘͵ĞIsabella I of Castile, 1474-1504ğ۞Ѩ̃ࡧщऌ ĞJoanna of Castile, 1504-55ğĂ׌ˠϠ˭ߤந̣͵ĞCharles VğĄͳഈඕ͵ ᔞ឵፾ϲĄٺЪĂଂѩ૟Ҳг઼۞׻ྻᄃҘ঱Ͱ஝Եд˘੓Ă௣ ăௐ 2 ഇĞ2020/आ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 186 ໚ĈWikimedia CommonsĞ2020: File:Bernhard Strigel 003b.jpgğĄֽ ႳᚊĞΠ˘ğĂӱ۰̶؍Ĉ৭ϲ۰̶Ҿߏ੺ҹҘѼӀщĞν˘ğă׊හӀ೼˘͵Ğν˟ğăځᄲ ߏग̃Ⴓᚊ۞ˮځगߤந̣͵Ğν˟ğĂΠ˘ဦͯᄲܜҾߏѨग೺࢚ݑ˘͵Ğν˘ğă ಪٛࡗ̦˟͵ĞLouis II of HungaryğĂ̙࿅Ă࠻੓ֽͧྵညߏग̃ႳᚊĄ͈ ဦ 12Ĉৠཐᘲ੺ޓ઼࠱ޓҹҘѼӀщ˘͵छ୉ ґௐᅳгݎґௐႳᚊ۞ݎߤந̣͵˘Ϡ˭ֽĞ1500ğಶߏࢋᚶٚয়ϓ ґௐұ઼ğăয়ͭ੺ҹҘѼӀщ˘͵۞๸гӀăγয়ͭ೺࢚ݎĞӣҲг઼ă ˚Ğӣΐ঍ษκֲăϞࣖҘֲă֤̙ઙ೻ăҘҘ֧ă̈́ᖠتݑ˟͵۞ֲٛ ᏐѝీĞ1506ğăϓͭٺκֲğăͽ̈́γয়ϓϿ௻֓ٛ˘͵۞Ι೻೩ႬĄϤ Ꮠ൴ႺĂߤந̣͵Аߏᚶٚয়ϓдҲг઼۞ᅳгĞ1506-55ğĂତ඾˫ᚶٚ γয়ͭϓ۞ᅳгĞ1516-56ğĂΒ߁Ҙ঱Ͱăݑཌྷ̂Ӏăͽ࡚̈́߷۞ᛳгĂ ˞Ğ1519-56ğĂ˫кޓ࠱઼ޓ᜕۞΁ତҜৠཐᘲ੺רয়ͭ࿅͵Ăଂ̈זඈ ๸гӀ఺๴ᅳгĞ1519-21ğĄߤந̣͵૟Δొ࠷̶ৼˢޓ઼ᅳ˿Ăޭೇд 15 ॡ΃۞̂˘௚ Ąޓߤநત̂ ӌහ̀ᜋĂ1528׀ѐĄ΁ д 1524 ѐ 1519 זߤந̣͵۞ͭᏐд 1506 ѐ࿅͵ĂϤয়ͭᛷ߆ 15 187 ઼ޙఈᜋ۞፾ϲ ᜋᇇ೻̂ݱॲপĂଂ̈ϤፉЇҲг઼ᓁ༛۞ڱಱ૷۞ٺߤந̣͵΍Ϡ ๸гӀ۞ႳॾᚊপĞArchduchess Margaret of Austria, 1507-30ğᛷ߆Ăؑؑ ᄬߏϓᄬĂ΁˵ጯ༊г۞ڱ˞Ăੵ̂ܜѐᔘ߆ĄЯࠎд౪֘ׄ۞झԗ 1515 ҲٺᄬĞFlemishğĂߤந̣͵̙ညͭᏐහӀ೼˘͵၆ځĶ͞֏ķఈᄬǨҢ඿ Ҙ঱ͰᄃϓᏐـг઼ෛ̙҃֍ĂЯѩĂజෛࠎ̥ݓ۞ӖͳĄ΁д 1517 ѐ݈ ĂԯҲг઼ϹගؑؑႳॾᚊপ16Ăጐგ˘ฟᐝ֗ᙝᜪયᔘкֽҋҲгڼВ ઼ڱҘ঱Ͱ̼ăΒ߁ጯΙ೻೩ႬᄬĂు႙ෛҲг઼ࠎྫྷצĂ௣տυืତ઼ ᗗϓĂ̙Һ͔੓ͅຏĄܛฟጼٙᅮ࢕෱۞ ෗ҿି؟ԼࢭдҲг઼۞൴णĂд 1522 ѐޭೇି؟टԡڱߤந̣͵൑ ٙăѨѐдοጆ๫Ⴌ̳ฟ፵Ѫ׌ЩளბາିवĂ୎ѐ˫࿴Ҷĺҕ΄ĻĞEdict
Recommended publications
  • Graeme Small, the Scottish Court in the Fifteenth Century

    Graeme Small, the Scottish Court in the Fifteenth Century

    Graeme Small, The Scottish Court in the Fifteenth Century. A view from Burgundy, in: Werner Paravicini (Hg.): La cour de Bourgogne et l'Europe. Le rayonnement et les limites d’un mode`le culturel; Actes du colloque international tenu à Paris les 9, 10 et 11 octobre 2007, avec le concours de Torsten Hiltmann et Frank Viltart, Ostfildern (Thorbecke) 2013 (Beihefte der Francia, 73), S. 457-474. Herausgegeben vom Deutschen Historischen Institut Paris Copyright Das Digitalisat wird Ihnen von perspectivia.net, der Online-Publikationsplattform der Max Weber Stiftung – Deutsche Geisteswissenschaftliche Institute im Ausland, zur Verfügung gestellt. Bitte beachten Sie, dass das Digitalisat urheberrechtlich geschützt ist. Erlaubt ist aber das Lesen, das Ausdrucken des Textes, das Herunterladen, das Speichern der Daten auf einem eigenen Datenträger soweit die vorgenannten Handlungen ausschließlich zu privaten und nicht-kommerziellen Zwecken erfolgen. Eine darüber hinausgehende unerlaubte Verwendung, Reproduktion oder Weitergabe einzelner Inhalte oder Bilder können sowohl zivil- als auch strafrechtlich verfolgt werden. GRAEME SMALL The Scottish Court in the Fifteenth Century A view from Burgundy Looking at the world of the Scottish court in the fifteenth century, the view from Burgundy was often far from positive. The exile of the Lancastrian royal family in Scotland in 1461, for example, was portrayed in the official ducal chronicle of George Chastelain as a miserable experience. Chastelain records an incident wherein Mar- garet of Anjou was forced to beg, from a tight-fisted Scots archer, for the loan of a groat to make her offering at Mass1. Scottish royal records show that the treatment the queen received was rather more generous, and we may suspect that Chastelain’s colourful account was influenced by literary topoi of long pedigree2.
  • Language Contact at the Romance-Germanic Language Border

    Language Contact at the Romance-Germanic Language Border

    Language Contact at the Romance–Germanic Language Border Other Books of Interest from Multilingual Matters Beyond Bilingualism: Multilingualism and Multilingual Education Jasone Cenoz and Fred Genesee (eds) Beyond Boundaries: Language and Identity in Contemporary Europe Paul Gubbins and Mike Holt (eds) Bilingualism: Beyond Basic Principles Jean-Marc Dewaele, Alex Housen and Li wei (eds) Can Threatened Languages be Saved? Joshua Fishman (ed.) Chtimi: The Urban Vernaculars of Northern France Timothy Pooley Community and Communication Sue Wright A Dynamic Model of Multilingualism Philip Herdina and Ulrike Jessner Encyclopedia of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism Colin Baker and Sylvia Prys Jones Identity, Insecurity and Image: France and Language Dennis Ager Language, Culture and Communication in Contemporary Europe Charlotte Hoffman (ed.) Language and Society in a Changing Italy Arturo Tosi Language Planning in Malawi, Mozambique and the Philippines Robert B. Kaplan and Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. (eds) Language Planning in Nepal, Taiwan and Sweden Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. and Robert B. Kaplan (eds) Language Planning: From Practice to Theory Robert B. Kaplan and Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. (eds) Language Reclamation Hubisi Nwenmely Linguistic Minorities in Central and Eastern Europe Christina Bratt Paulston and Donald Peckham (eds) Motivation in Language Planning and Language Policy Dennis Ager Multilingualism in Spain M. Teresa Turell (ed.) The Other Languages of Europe Guus Extra and Durk Gorter (eds) A Reader in French Sociolinguistics Malcolm Offord (ed.) Please contact us for the latest book information: Multilingual Matters, Frankfurt Lodge, Clevedon Hall, Victoria Road, Clevedon, BS21 7HH, England http://www.multilingual-matters.com Language Contact at the Romance–Germanic Language Border Edited by Jeanine Treffers-Daller and Roland Willemyns MULTILINGUAL MATTERS LTD Clevedon • Buffalo • Toronto • Sydney Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Language Contact at Romance-Germanic Language Border/Edited by Jeanine Treffers-Daller and Roland Willemyns.
  • Famous Men of the Renaissance & Reformation Free

    Famous Men of the Renaissance & Reformation Free

    FREE FAMOUS MEN OF THE RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION PDF Robert G Shearer,Rob Shearer | 196 pages | 01 Sep 2000 | Greenleaf Press | 9781882514106 | English | United States Protestant Reformers - Wikipedia We offer thousands of quality curricula, workbooks, and references to meet your homeschooling Famous Men of the Renaissance & Reformation. To assist you in your choices, we have included the following symbol next to those materials that specifically reflect a Christian worldview. If you have any questions about specific products, our knowledgeable Homeschool Specialists will be glad to help you. What would you like to know about this Famous Men of the Renaissance & Reformation Please enter your name, your email and your question regarding the product in the fields below, and we'll answer you in the next hours. You can unsubscribe at any time. Enter email address. Welcome to Christianbook. Sign in or create an account. Search by title, catalog stockauthor, isbn, etc. Bible Sale of the Season. By: Rob ShearerCyndy Shearer. Wishlist Wishlist. More in Greenleaf Guides Series. Write a Review. Advanced Search Links. Product Close-up This product is not available for expedited shipping. Add To Cart. Famous Men of the Middle Ages. Exploring Creation with Zoology 3 Notebooking Journal. Science in the Ancient World. Softcover Text, Vol. The Magna Charta. Revised Edition. The Door in the Wall. Sword Song. Famous Men of Greece--Student's Book. Maps and additional content are included where appropriate. Perfect for oral or written work! May be used with students from 2nd grade through high school. Related Products. Robert G. Rob ShearerCyndy Shearer. Cynthia Shearer.
  • The Austrian Netherlands in the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century a Cautious Recovery

    The Austrian Netherlands in the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century a Cautious Recovery

    Chapter 2 The Austrian Netherlands in the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century A Cautious Recovery In many respects the second half of the eighteenth century was a relatively prosperous era for the Southern Netherlands. The Habsburg empress Maria- Theresa came to represent an international political climate which afforded the Austrian Netherlands a period of peace and stability. Moreover, the posi- tion of the Habsburgs on the international stage was emboldened by the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), allowing the government to introduce a cautious but efficient customs policy. For the first time since 1648, the customs administra- tion developed a pragmatic-mercantilist trade policy in support of the nation’s domestic industries.1 Seen in hindsight this policy may appear rather incoher- ent, particularly owing to its countless obscure regulations and exceptions, yet it nonetheless may have been a huge step towards achieving import-substitu- tion in several strategic sectors and according to some even to an export-driven growth.2 Moreover, the local administrators – though they were elected by and accountable to the Habsburg emperors – seemed to be genuinely concerned about this small corner of the empire and appeared to recognize its economic potentials. Likewise, the Austrian Netherlands were granted a larger degree of self-government than were the Habsburg hereditary lands.3 Although there is no small degree of dispute regarding the condition of the Austrian Netherlands’ international trade flows, a somewhat broader consen- sus exists concerning the nation’s general economic situation. For the decades before 1750 historians usually agree that economic life was, in virtually every respect, bleak and stagnant but that circumstances subsequently began to 1 It should be noted that the term “industry” needs to be taken with a pinch of salt.
  • The Faces of History. the Imagined Portraits of the Merovingian Kings at Versailles (1837-1842)

    The Faces of History. the Imagined Portraits of the Merovingian Kings at Versailles (1837-1842)

    The faces of history. The imagined portraits of the Merovingian kings at Versailles (1837-1842) Margot Renard, University of Grenoble ‘One would expect people to remember the past and imagine the future. But in fact, when discoursing or writing about history, they imagine it in terms of their own experience, and when trying to gauge the future they cite supposed analogies from the past; till, by a double process of repeti- tion, they imagine the past and remember the future’. (Namier 1942, 70) The historian Christian Amalvi observes that during the first half of the nine- teenth century, most of the time history books presented a ‘succession of dyn- asties (Merovingians, Carolingians, Capetians), an endless row of reigns put end to end (those of the ‘rois fainéants’1 and of the last Carolingians especially), without any hierarchy, as a succession of fanciful portraits of monarchs, almost interchangeable’ (Amalvi 2006, 57). The Merovingian kings’ portraits, exhib- ited in the Museum of French History at the palace of Versailles, could be de- scribed similarly: they represent a succession of kings ‘put end to end’, with imagined ‘fanciful’ appearances, according to Amalvi. However, this vision dis- regards their significance for early nineteenth-century French society. Replac- ing these portraits in the broader context of contemporary history painting, they appear characteristic of a shift in historical apprehension. The French history painting had slowly drifted away from the great tradition established by Jacques-Louis David’s moralistic and heroic vision of ancient history. The 1820s saw a new formation of the historical genre led by Paul De- laroche's sentimental vision and attention to a realistic vision of history, restored to picturesqueness.
  • Lord Mance Gives Speech to Mark 175Th Anniversary of Founding of Hoge Raad, the Netherlands

    Lord Mance Gives Speech to Mark 175Th Anniversary of Founding of Hoge Raad, the Netherlands

    Lord Mance gives speech to mark 175th anniversary of founding of Hoge Raad, The Netherlands The Rule of Law - Common Traditions and Common Issues 1 October 2013 Your Majesty, President of the Hoge Raad, Your Excellencies, distinguished colleagues and fellow guests: Three centuries ago, Your Majesty’s relative, King William III, appointed so-called Lords Justices to help govern England during his absences. Some of them may have been summonsed to The Hague. Certainly, it is an honour that the Hoge Raad has asked a United Kingdom Supreme Court Justice to speak at its 175th anniversary celebration. The common law is a world force, but a minority interest within Europe. But I believe that it has been loyal and effective in applying and developing European law. This afternoon is a handshake across the Channel, witnessing genuinely friendly relations between different European judiciaries and legal systems. It was not always so. 400 years ago, the Dutch and British were arguing about access to the East Indian Spice Trade. The British invoked no lesser authority than Hugo Grotius. Had not Mare Liberum, already widely known as his work, advanced the principle of free navigation and trade? The British were less happy with Grotius’s response: pacta sunt servanda – contracts must be honoured: the Dutch had bought exclusive rights from local rulers to the spice harvest in exchange for military protection. So: the British were free to navigate, but must buy from the Dutch! And, 40 years on, a British riposte banning imports on foreign ships led to the first English (or, as we say, Dutch) trade war.
  • Born out of Rebellion: the Netherlands from the Dutch Revolt to the Eve of World War I: Ulrich Tiedau | University College London

    Born out of Rebellion: the Netherlands from the Dutch Revolt to the Eve of World War I: Ulrich Tiedau | University College London

    09/25/21 DUTC0003: Born out of Rebellion: The Netherlands from the Dutch Revolt to the Eve of World War I: Ulrich Tiedau | University College London DUTC0003: Born out of Rebellion: The View Online Netherlands from the Dutch Revolt to the Eve of World War I: Ulrich Tiedau Arblaster P, A History of the Low Countries, vol Palgrave essential histories (Palgrave Macmillan 2006) Blom, J. C. H. and Lamberts, Emiel, History of the Low Countries (Berghahn Books 1999) Boogman JC, ‘Thorbecke, Challenge and Response’ (1974) 7 Acta Historiae Neerlandicae 126 Bornewasser JA, ‘Mythical Aspects of Dutch Anti-Catholicism in the 19th Century’, Britain and the Netherlands: Vol.5: Some political mythologies (Martinus Nijhoff 1975) Boxer, C. R., The Dutch Seaborne Empire, 1600-1800, vol Pelican books (Penguin 1973) Cloet M, ‘Religious Life in a Rural Deanery in Flanders during the 17th Century. Tielt from 1609 to 1700’ (1971) 5 Acta Historiae Neerlandica 135 Crew, Phyllis Mack, Calvinist Preaching and Iconoclasm in the Netherlands, 1544-1569, vol Cambridge studies in early modern history (Cambridge University Press 1978) Daalder H, ‘The Netherlands: Opposition in a Segmented Society’, Political oppositions in western democracies (Yale University Press 1966) Darby, Graham, The Origins and Development of the Dutch Revolt (Routledge 2001) Davis WW, Joseph II: An Imperial Reformer for the Austrian Netherlands (Nijhoff 1974) De Belder J, ‘Changes in the Socio-Economic Status of the Belgian Nobility in the 19th Century’ (1982) 15 Low Countries History Yearbook 1 Deursen, Arie Theodorus van, Plain Lives in a Golden Age: Popular Culture, Religion, and Society in Seventeenth-Century Holland (Cambridge University Press 1991) Dhont J and Bruwier M, ‘The Industrial Revolution in the Low Countries’, The emergence of industrial societies: Part 1, vol The Fontana economic history of Europe (Fontana 1973) Emerson B, Leopold II of the Belgians: King of Colonialism (Weidenfeld and Nicolson) Fishman, J.
  • A Chronological Particular Timeline of Near East and Europe History

    A Chronological Particular Timeline of Near East and Europe History

    Introduction This compilation was begun merely to be a synthesized, occasional source for other writings, primarily for familiarization with European world development. Gradually, however, it was forced to come to grips with the elephantine amount of historical detail in certain classical sources. Recording the numbers of reported war deaths in previous history (many thousands, here and there!) initially was done with little contemplation but eventually, with the near‐exponential number of Humankind battles (not just major ones; inter‐tribal, dynastic, and inter‐regional), mind was caused to pause and ask itself, “Why?” Awed by the numbers killed in battles over recorded time, one falls subject to believing the very occupation in war was a naturally occurring ancient inclination, no longer possessed by ‘enlightened’ Humankind. In our synthesized histories, however, details are confined to generals, geography, battle strategies and formations, victories and defeats, with precious little revealed of the highly complicated and combined subjective forces that generate and fuel war. Two territories of human existence are involved: material and psychological. Material includes land, resources, and freedom to maintain a life to which one feels entitled. It fuels war by emotions arising from either deprivation or conditioned expectations. Psychological embraces Egalitarian and Egoistical arenas. Egalitarian is fueled by emotions arising from either a need to improve conditions or defend what it has. To that category also belongs the individual for whom revenge becomes an end in itself. Egoistical is fueled by emotions arising from material possessiveness and self‐aggrandizations. To that category also belongs the individual for whom worldly power is an end in itself.
  • Veerhaven X - Orka Scheepswerf Gebroeders Kooiman Delivers Powerful New Pusher Tug

    Veerhaven X - Orka Scheepswerf Gebroeders Kooiman Delivers Powerful New Pusher Tug

    ©REPRINTED FROM HSB INTERNATIONAL Photo by Flying Focus-Bussum,The Netherlands VEERHAVEN X - ORKA SCHEEPSWERF GEBROEDERS KOOIMAN DELIVERS POWERFUL NEW PUSHER TUG Builders: Shipyard Gebr. Kooiman BV, Zwijndrecht,The Netherlands Owners:ThyssenKrupp Veerhaven B.V., Brielle,The Netherlands The push boat Veerhaven X ‘Orka’ was named waterway route Rotterdam Europoort to and Principal particulars by Mrs Ursula Göbel, spouse of Dr. Göbel, from Duisburg.The busy, shallow and winding Length o.a. .40.00 m chairman of the board of commissioners of river, in combination with the tight voyage Breadth o.a. .15.00 m ThyssenKrupp Veerhaven B.V. The boat was schedule demand a vessel with good manoeu- Depth mld. .2.75 m Draught . .1.74 m (half load) delivered twelve months after keel laying.The vrability and considerable propulsion power. Propulsion power . .3 x 1,360 kW Veerhaven X ‘Orka’ is the first push boat built This resulted for the ‘Veerhaven X’ in a triple- Bowthrusters . .2 x 400 kW by Scheepswerf Gebr. Kooiman BV and num- screw propulsion installation with three noz- ber nine for ThyssenKrupp Veerhaven BV. zles and three fishtail rudders. In order to Accommodation Trials on the 24th of May 2007 proved the keep optimum manoeuvrability when navigat- The accommodation is situated in the two- push boat to be a quality vessel, sailing the ing astern with six barges attached, the vessel tier superstructure and comprises nine cabins Rhine in power, speed, manoeuvrability, is equipped with two bow thruster units. for the crew, including an owner’s cabin, each silence and smooth operation. with separate sanitary facilities.
  • Full Program & Logistics Hna 2018

    Full Program & Logistics Hna 2018

    Thank you for wearing your badge at all locations. You will need to be able to identify at any moment during the conference. WIFI at Het Pand (GHENT) Network: UGentGuest Login: guestHna1 Password: 57deRGj4 3 WELCOME Welcome to Ghent and Bruges for the 2018 Historians of Netherlandish Art Conference! This is the ninth international quadrennial conference of HNA and the first on the campus of Ghent University. HNA will move to a triennial format with our next conference in 2021. HNA is extremely grateful to Ghent University, Groeningemuseum Bruges, St. John’s Hospital Bruges, and Het Grootseminarie Bruges for placing lecture halls at our disposal and for hosting workshops. HNA would like to express its gratitude in particular to Prof. dr. Maximiliaan Martens and Prof. dr. Koenraad Jonckheere for the initiative and the negotiation of these arrangements. HNA and Ghent University are thankful to the many sponsors who have contributed so generously to this event. A generous grant from the Samuel H. Kress Foundation provided travel assistance for some of our North American speakers and chairs. The opening reception is offered by the city of Ghent, for which we thank Annelies Storms, City Councillor of Culture, in particular. We are grateful to our colleagues of the Museum of Fine Arts Ghent for the reception on Thursday and for offering free admission to conference participants. Also the Museum Het Zotte Kunstkabinet in Mechelen offers free entrance during the conference, for which we are grateful. In addition we also like to thank the sponsoring publishers, who will exhibit books on Thursday. This conference would not have been possible without the efforts of numerous individuals.
  • Stapel & De Vries

    Stapel & De Vries

    Leydis, Pauli, and Berchen Revisited Collective History Writing in the Low Countries in the Late Fifteenth Century* Rombert Stapel & Jenine de Vries International Institute of Social History & Durham University Abstract This article focuses on a generation of chroniclers from the Low Countries operating at the intersection of urban and clerical environments and how they worked together to produce new historiographical texts. At the heart are the writings of three of the most productive and well-known historiographers of this generation: Johannes a Leydis, Theodericus Pauli and Willem van Berchen. The interdependency of a specific part of their body of work, namely their Chronicles of Holland, will be studied closely. This will lead to a new proposal for the complex relationship between these and other related contemporary texts. From this the contours emerge of a community of writers, reaching much further than these three alone, which shared a common interest in historiography and exchanged texts, ideas and manuscripts. In each of their texts, the influence of this exchange is tangible, exhibiting the collaborative nature of their historical writings, rarely detected in the Middle Ages. Introduction History writing can be a lonely profession. The image comes to mind of a secluded writer, alone with only a library and a pen, working through a new creation. Medieval portrayals of writers almost always reinforce this notion. If one googles pictures of ‘medieval writer’ or ‘medieval scribe’, a vast array of analogous miniatures emerges of individuals sitting alone * We would like to thank our colleagues at both Leiden University and Durham University, in particular Hans Mol, Robert Stein, and Graeme Small, as well as the anonymous reviewers for their help in improving earlier drafts of this paper.
  • Spiritual Writings of Sister Margaret of the Mother of God (1635–1643)

    Spiritual Writings of Sister Margaret of the Mother of God (1635–1643)

    MARGARET VAN NOORT Spiritual Writings of Sister Margaret of the Mother of God (1635–1643) • Edited by CORDULA VAN WYHE Translated by SUSAN M. SMITH Iter Academic Press Toronto, Ontario Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies Tempe, Arizona 2015 Iter Academic Press Tel: 416/978–7074 Email: [email protected] Fax: 416/978–1668 Web: www.itergateway.org Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies Tel: 480/965–5900 Email: [email protected] Fax: 480/965–1681 Web: acmrs.org © 2015 Iter, Inc. and the Arizona Board of Regents for Arizona State University. All rights reserved. Printed in Canada. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Noort, Margaret van, 1587–1646. [Works. Selections. English] Spiritual writings of Sister Margaret of the Mother of God (1635–1643) / Margaret van Noort ; edited by Cordula van Wyhe ; translated by Susan M. Smith. pages cm. — (The other voice in early modern Europe. The Toronto series ; 39) (Medieval and Renaissance texts and studies ; volume 480) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-86698-535-2 (alk. paper) 1. Noort, Margaret van, 1587–1646. 2. Spirituality—Catholic Church—Early works to 1800. 3. Spiritual life—Catholic Church—Early works to 1800. 4. Discalced Carmelite Nuns—Spiritual life. 5. Discalced Carmelite Nuns—Belgium—Diaries. 6. Discalced Carmelite Nuns—Belgium—Correspondence. I. Wyhe, Cordula van, editor. II. Smith, Susan M. (Susan Manell), translator. III. Title. BX4705.N844A25 2015 271’.97102--dc23 [B] 2015020362 Cover illustration: Saint Teresa of Ávila, Rubens, Peter Paul (1577–1640) / Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna GG 7119. Cover design: Maureen Morin, Information Technology Services, University of Toronto Libraries.