ௐ 2 ഇ! ࢱ 173-211! 2020 ѐ/आ؞ཱི !ס έ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώ! ௐ 16 Taiwan International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 173-211 Summer 2020 荷蘭的獨立建國 ߉ϒዡ ර̂ጯϔ୉ְચၱ൴णጯրି଱ڌ ၡ ࢋ ώ͛͹ࢋд̬௜ఈᜋ௲ᗓҘ঱Ͱ҃፾ϲ۞࿅඀ĄࢵАĂԧࣇА ൴णĂତ۞˭̝ڼᜋҹͳ઼௚ڱ૟̬௜ఈᜋ۞ѝഇ።ΫĂপҾߏд ᖼ۞઼ޓ።ΫĂГֽ҂၅ৠཐᘲ੺۞˭ڼґௐ઼̳௚ݎ඾аᜪд ൴જă̈́፾ϲ۞ۋͽ፾ϲጼޢĂ౵ڼᑭෛҘ঱Ͱ۞ᇷࢅ௚ޢԶĂ൒ ቁϲઇඕԍĄ۞ ăҘ঱Ͱ઼ޓґௐ઼̳ăৠཐᘲ੺ݎᜋҹͳ઼ăڱᙯᔣෟĈఈᜋă ăௐ 2 ഇĞ2020/आ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 174 壹、前言 ĞNetherlands War of Independenceğ˫Ⴭࠎఈᜋ੓ཌྷۋఈᜋ፾ϲጼ ĞDutch RevoltğĂߏ޽ఈᜋȈ˛࠷ĞSeventeen Provinces, 1549-81ğĂд ѐ̝มࠎ௲ᗓҘ঱Ͱݣο೻ಢͳഈĞHabsburg Spain, 1516-1700ğ 1568-1648 ഇдቁϲܐۋĞEighty Years’ WarğĄጼۋỷ⅃ٙઇ۞Ӆ˧Ă˫ჍˣȈѐጼ நĞde jureğ፾ϲĞ1649ğڱפۋΗొ݋дޢ၁ኳĞde factoğ፾ϲĞ1581ğĂ ϲ˞ఈᜋВ׶઼1ޙĞWikipedia, 2020: Dutch RevoltğĄ௣տĂΔΗొјΑ 2 ĞDutch Republic, 1581-1795ğĂݑ Η ొ ݋ᔒᖼࢉϠࠎͧӀॡăͽ̈́ᎊ഑ಢĄ ਠٙჍ۞઼छĶఈᜋķĂϒё۞઼Щ׎၁ߏ the Netherlands3Ğࢰᛌࠎ˘ Ⴭࠎఈ˫ــκᇇᜋğĂБЩߏκᇇᜋͳ઼ĞKingdom of the NetherlandsğĂ ᜋͳ઼4ĄгநЩෟκᇇᜋຍޥߏҲг઼ĞLow CountriesğĂࣧώᔘΒӣͧӀ ЪჍࠎĶͧఈᎊķĞBeneluxğˬ઼Ą׎၁Ăκᇇــ˭ॡăͽ̈́ᎊ഑ಢĂ༊ ᜋҋֽಶѣఈᜋұ઼ĞCounty of Hollandğăఈᜋ࠷ĞProvince of Hollandğ5Ă ࿅඀Էႊࢦࢋ۞֎ҒĂᙱҺజ۞઼ޙă̈́གྷᑻ˯۞͚੨Ăд፾ϲڼЯࠎ߆ ፋ઼࣎छĄд఺྆Ăκᇇᜋߏ޽።Ϋ˯۞Ҳг઼Ă׌۰Ϲֹ̢ϡĂײोֽჍ 6 னд۞ఈᜋ Ąܧ҃ ϒё઼Щߏκᇇᜋ˛࠷ᓑЪВ׶઼ĞRepublic of the Seven United NetherlandsğăᖎჍᓑ 1 ࠷В׶઼ĞUnited Provinces of the Netherlands, United ProvincesğĄ ֽޢăჍࠎҘᛳκᇇᜋĞSpanish Netherlands, 1556-1714ğĂڼҘ঱Ͱ௚צݑ͞݋ᚶᜈତ 2 ޢӌĂ౵׀઼ڱᖼ͘ࠎ๸ᛳκᇇᜋĞAustrian Netherlands, 1714-97ğăତ඾д 1795 ѐజ ̶Ҿ፾ϲࠎᎊ഑ಢĞ1815ğăͽ̈́ͧӀॡĞ1830ğĄ 3 :ᄬ Les Pays-Basڱఈᄬ NederlandĈnetherĞҲğ+ landsĞгğŶNetherlandsĞҲг઼ğĄ PaysĞ˿гă઼छğ+ BasĞҲğŶҲг઼Ą ो৔૬അགྷԬങ˘࣎౱ᐻ઼ Kingdom of HollandĞ1806-10ğĂᖙᛌ੓ֽߏт઄Βೱ۞ఈ 4 ཌྷĄڡᜋͳ઼Ă࠹༊ ೻প̜ğăؒܠϫ݈ĂྍгдҖ߆˯ထ̶ࠎΔఈᜋĞNorth HollandĂ౵̂۞ݱξߏࢵౌ 5 ݑఈᜋĞSouth HollandĂ౵̂۞ݱξߏ౩প̜ Rotterdamğ׌࣎࠷̶Ą̈́ ࠹ᙯЩෟ۞۬ཀྵă̈́ᗃ୻Ă֍ GeylĞ1958, 18-19ğĄ 6 175 ઼ޙఈᜋ۞፾ϲ 貳、早期歷史 ֎߷ĞRhine-Meuse-Scheldtˬګ೻ঔႬᇇ-ګᐵਬ-ګ඿਩ٺҲг઼Ҝ Җ࠷˭҅͟તκֲĞGermania Inferior, 83-475ğĄݑొ۞઼ޓdeltağĂߏᘲ੺ ౶Ⴌপ୉ĞCeltsğ۞֓ႬᄏˠĞBelgaeğొརĂдҘ̮݈ 57ٺࣧҝϔߏᛳ ă˘ొ̶ྭঔ̙ЕᙹԸያ୉ˠćΔొΔᙝᑺঔѣ҅͟ત୉۞ڇفѐజ౶ᖠ ĄڇĂ҃ݑᙝ۞͐྿ჯֲˠĞBataviğ௣տҊ૱̙ڇහ̀ᜋˠĞFrisiansğăݔ ࢑యїч۞઼ޓĂആᘲ੺اᜋҹˠĞFranksğдα͵ࡔҘொؠڱ۞͞ڌٺҜ හ̀ᜋĞFrisia, FrieslandğĄڇفڱᙝᘟĂݒؕ௣൑ ໚ĈWikipediaĞ2020: Migration PeriodğĄֽ ဦ 1Ĉ៌୉ˢܬᘲ੺ޓ઼ྮቢ ĞFrancia, Kingdom઼ޓᜋҹͳ઼Ǩڱҹࠃჯ˘͵ĞClovis I, 481-511ğߏ فᜋҹˠొརăڱፋЪٙѣޘof the Franks, Frankish Empireğ۞ಧૄ۰Ăࢵ Ăޢϲግࠃ໢ͳഈĞMerovingian DynastyğĄд΁Ѫޙ੼ᎊΔొ̈́̚ొĂ˞ڇ Ϥρ̄ҹޢॲፂ҅͟તˠ۞็௚Ăᅳ˿ࣧА̶ගα࣎׊̄ᚶٚĂ̙࿅Ă౵ Ăᅳг໰ּϤαޢࠃ঍Ⴌ˘͵ĞChlothar I, 511-61ğᝃ߁Ąҹࠃ঍Ⴌ˘͵Ѫ ăௐ 2 ഇĞ2020/आ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 176 ൑ޢߤந֓Ⴌপ˘͵ĞCharibert I, 561-67ğѪ̄ܜٺ࣎׊̄Ӯ̶Ă௣տĂϤ ,ᜋҹͳ઼۞ᅳ˿ˬ̶͇˭Ĉ੒প६ĞGuntramڱ๠Ăᅳгజˬ࣎ԙԙϝ̶Ă ґௐĞBurgundyğĂҘР֓Ⴌপ˘͵ĞSigebert I, 561-75ğݎ561-92ğᅳѣݑొ۞ ๸೻পٛҘֲĞAustrasia, 511-687ğăΒӣහ̀ᜋͽγ۞Ҳг઼Ă۞ొڌז̶ ,Ҙొ۞৸೻পӀֲĞNeustriaזԓႬׂ֧ҹ˘͵ĞChilperic I, 567-84ğ଀ 611-751ğĄ ໚ĈWikipediaĞ2020: Merovingian DynastyğĄֽ ᜋҹͳ઼ڱ۞˭ဦ 2Ĉግࠃ໢ͳഈ ซˢ˛͵ࡔĂ๸೻পٛҘֲӖͳు႙਽ୀĂझ࠹ĞMayor of the Palaceğ ˟ᜋ൳۞ͶπĞPepin of Landen, 623-29, 639-40ğ၁ᅫೠᝋć΁۞γगͶπ 7Ă֭ͷд 687טᜋҹͳ઼झ࠹۞͵᝚ڱĞPepin of Herstal, 680-714ğቁϲ͵ ґௐ۞झ࠹ĂѨ̄̈ॾ֧ᇝႬݎࢶᕠ̳ᒑᇇᘲ͖ĞDrogo of Champagneğϲࠎ̄ܜ΁૟ 7 ᇇĞGrimoald the Youngerğϲࠎ৸೻পֲ֧झ࠹Ą 177 ઼ޙఈᜋ۞፾ϲ ᜋҹͳ઼ĄͶπ˟͵۞ռϠ̄ߤநą੺পĞCharlesڱ˘ӌ৸೻পӀֲĂ௚׀ѐ Martelğ֗ࣘ๸೻পٛҘֲĞ715-41ğă̈́৸೻পӀֲĞ718-41ğ۞झ࠹Ă ుੜݑϚ۞හ̀ᜋˠĄߤநą੺প۞׊̄༣̄ͶπĞPepin the Short, 751-68ğ ,ཐΕΐӀֲĞPope Zachary؟дିֽޢࣧώߏ৸೻পӀֲ۞झ࠹Ğ741-51ğĂ ѐᆿᕈግࠃ໢ͳഈ۞ϐ΃઼ͳԓႬᇇ֧ҹ 751 ٺ741-52ğ۞Тຍ˭Ă઀਑ ͳഈĞCarolingianڒϲΐࠃޙĞChilderic III, 743-51ğĂҋϲࠎͳă͵ˬ DynastyğĄ༣̄Ͷπ۞׊̄ߤநତҜĞCharlemagne, 768-814ğĂд 800 ѐజ ķĞEmperor of theޓ։ˬ͵ĞPope Leo III, 795-816ğΐકࠎĶᘲ੺ˠ۞࠱؟ି RomansğĂӈߤநત̂ޓĞCharles the GreatğĂజෛࠎৠཐᘲ੺ޓ઼ĞHoly Ҳг઼Δ͞۞හ̀ᜋˠăڇفٺRoman Empire, 800/962-1806ğ۞൴੖Ą΁௣ Δ͞۞ᇩҹᅊˠĞSaxonsğĄڌ̈́ ໚ĈWikimedia CommonsĞ2020: File:Frankish Empire 481 to 814-en.svgğĄֽ ᜋҹͳ઼ڱဦ 3ĈБ஽ॡഇ۞ ăௐ 2 ഇĞ2020/आ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 178 ދĞLouis the Pious, 814-40ğާ඾ҋٽঽѪĂ׊̄਴ྕ۰ྮޓߤநત̂ Ăˬ࣎׊̄дĺ˲Ⴌޢய۞׊̄ቪᕈĞ833-34ğć΁Ѫ̶ڇజ̙ޘ˘ࠎ࠱Ă ୧Ĉܜဦෘྋࠎˬ࣎ۍᜋҹͳ઼Ă૟ڱ൳୧ࡗĻĞTreaty of Verdun, 843ğϝ̶ ᜋҹͳ઼ĞKingdom of theڱາన̚זࠃ঍Ⴌ˘͵ĞLothar I, 817-55ğ̶̄ܜ Middle Franks/Middle Francia, 843-55ğ̈́Щ᜖˯۞࠱ҜĂ΁۞ᅳгϤཌྷ̂Ӏ ĞLouis theٽҲг઼ćˬ̄҅͟તˠྮ۞˾ګ඿਩ٺΔঔĂΒӣҜזΔొؼ ᜋҹͳ઼ĞKingdom of the East Franks, EastڱڌGerman, 817-76ğᚶٚ ,ᇇ઼ć҃˴̄վᐝߤநĞCharles the Bald۞ޢFrancia, 843-962ğĂ˵ಶߏ͟ ,ᜋҹͳ઼ĞKingdom of the West Franks, West Franciaڱ840-77ğ݋ᒔ଀Ҙ Ą઼ڱ۞ֽޢ843-987ğĂӈ ໚ĈWikimedia CommonsĞ2019: File:Treaty of Verdun 843.pngğĄֽ ᜋҹͳ઼ڱ۞ޢဦ 4Ĉ˲Ⴌ൳୧ࡗ ᜋڱࠃ঍Ⴌ˘͵Ѫ݈Ă౅࿅ĺ೼ӕؒ୧ࡗĻĞTreaty of Prüm, 855ğ૟̚ ࠱Ҝ̈́זĞLouis II of Italy, 844-75ğ̶͵˟ٽྮ̄ܜҹͳ̶઼ගˬ࣎׊̄Ĉ ĞLombardyğćѨ̄ࠃ঍Ⴌ˟͵ĞLothar IIğᚶٚࠃ঍غཌྷ̂ӀΔొ۞ࣖ͐ ĞLorraineğăҲг઼ăڒႬͳ઼ĞKingdom of Lotharingia, 855-959ğĂΒӣࠃ ,ґௐĞUpper Burgundyğć҃̈׊̄ߤநĞCharles of Provenceݎ˯ͽ̈́ ґௐĞLower BurgundyğĄݎ˭೻ĞProvenceğĂΒӣٻ855-63ğ݋ᒔ଀೼ᘲ 179 ઼ޙఈᜋ۞፾ϲ ໚ĈWikipediaĞ2019: Treaty of PrümğĄֽ ᜋҹͳ઼ڱ۞ޢဦ 5Ĉ೼ӕؒ୧ࡗͽ ݎ˭ז̶͵˟ߤநд 863 ѐѪ˸൑๠Ăᅳгజ׌࣯࣯࣎ϝ̶Ĉࠃ঍Ⴌ ೻౺˭۞ొ̶Ąࠃ঍Ⴌ˟͵д 869 ѐѪ˸൑ٻ೼ᘲז݋̶͵˟ٽґௐĂྮ ᘪࢎĺ୥Ⴌ഑୧ࡗĻĞTreaty ofץץᜋҹͳ઼۞׌ҜڱăҘڌڼ๠Ă௚ ΔΗొă̈́ז̶ٽᜋҹͳ઼۞҅͟તˠྮڱڌMeerssen, 870ğΐͽϝ̶Ă ґݎ˭ᜋҹͳ઼۞վᐝߤநᒔ଀ڱґௐĂ҃Ҙݎ˯ݑΗొ۞̂ొ̶ٺҜ ԊࢬĂҲг۞˭̶͇ˬזᜋҹͳ઼˫аڱґௐ۞ҘొĄ௣տĂݎ˯ௐă̈́ ᜋҹͳ઼Ąڱڌᕩᛳ઼ ăௐ 2 ഇĞ2020/आ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 180 ໚ĈWikipediaĞ2019: Treaty of MeerssenğĄֽ ᜋҹͳ઼ڱ۞ޢဦ 6Ĉ୥Ⴌ഑୧ࡗͽ ᜋҹˠ۞ᖠҹ഑̳ᒑқӀ˘͵ĞHenry I the Fowler, 912-19ğд 919ڱܧ ,ᜋҹͳ઼઼ͳĞ919-36ğĂ౹ϲᖠҹ഑ͳഈĞSaxon Dynastyڱڌѐజଯᓝࠎ ᜋҹͳ઼ԼЩࠎᇇຍԠͳ઼ĞKingdom of GermanyğĂ΁ڱڌ919-1024ğă૟ ᜋᇇ೻ĞFlandersğͽγ۞Ҳг઼ĄқӀΝ͵Ă΁۞׊̄ญڱд 925 ѐӖᓜ ࡶ୕Ȉ؟΁۞ିٺဦ˘͵ĞOtto I the Great, 936-73ğତЇĂд 962 ѐϤѣՐ ଂȈޢĄѩޓ࠱઼ޓᘲ੺ΐકࠎৠཐᘲ੺ٺĞPope John XII, 955-64ğ͵˟ ڱᜋҹĞڱᜋᇇ೻ұ઼ĞCounty of FlandersğߏҘڱ˞Ȉα͵ࡔĂੵזࡔ͵ Ğᇇ઼ğćጐგтѩĂ઼ޓৠཐᘲ੺ٺڇ૶γĂ׎΁Ҳг઼ᅳ͹Ҋܢğ۞઼ ᝋĄڼă̈́ҋޘЧᅳгᔘߏჯ޺࠹༊̂۞ҋϤ 181 ઼ޙఈᜋ۞፾ϲ 參、勃艮第公國統治下的尼德蘭 ґௐ઼̳8ݎͳࡗᎰ˟͵ĞJohn II of France, 1350-64ğд 1363 ѐ૟ڱ ĞDuchy of BurgundyğϹ˴̄හӀ೼˟͵ĞPhilip the Bold, 1363-1404ğĂ΁ ೻˟͵ĞLouis II of Flandersğ۞ಏ็̃׊Ⴓٽᜋᇇ೻̳ᒑྮڱд 1369 ѐો ೻˟͵д 1384 ѐ࿅͵ĂහӀ೼ٽॾᚊপˬ͵ĞMargaret III of Flandersğćྮ ϤҁछĞproperğ۞ௐѕعґௐ઼̳ࢵݎᜋᇇ೻ᅳгĂ૟ڱ۞ͭدତќ͵˟ ,ґௐĞValois Burgundyݎοጆ๫ႬĂΫჍϞᎊϞזΔዏـĞ Dijon ğ ğκᇇ۞˭ڼґௐĞ௚ݎBurgundian State, 1363-1482ğĂѩॡ۞Ҳг઼Ⴭࠎ Ȉ˛࠷۞ᗖԛ̏֍Ąְ၁۞ޢᜋĞBurgundian Netherlands, 1384-1482ğĂ͟ ă઼ܭ଀۞఺๴઼̳ăפາײґௐझԗĞдௐѕğϡֽჍݎĂҲг઼ߏ˯ ᅳг۞ඕЪវĞWHKMLA, n.d.ağĄ̈́ ໚ĈWikimedia CommonsĞ2019: File:Map Burgundian Netherlands 1477-en.pngğĄֽ ĈȈ˛࠷۞၆໰Щಏ֍ WikipediaĞ2020: Seventeen ProvincesğĄځᄲ κᇇᜋ۞˭ڼґௐ௚ݎဦ 7Ĉ ґௐˠ۞ͳ઼ĞKingdom ofݎґௐͳ઼ĞKingdom of Burgundyğăٕݎᇃཌྷ఼Ⴭ۞ٺТ̙ 8 the Burgundians, 411-534ğĄ ăௐ 2 ഇĞ2020/आ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 182 හӀ೼ˬ͵ĞPhilipזґௐ็ݎϞᎊϞ the Good, 1419-67 ğĂᅳгੵ˞൴໚г Ğproperğݎґௐ઼̳ă̈́ݎґௐĞҋϤğ ұ઼ĞFree County of Burgundyğ9Ăᔘஉ ᄏೀͼٙѣҲг઼࠷̶10Ą΁඾͘κᇇᜋ छχౄĂপҾߏдࣧѣЧ࠷۞ᛉ઼۞ع߆ ົĞStates, Staten, Provincial Estatesğ˯ࢬ నཉκᇇᜋᓁᛉົĞStates General, ٺ Staten-Generaal11 of the NetherlandsğĂ֭ 1464 ѐдοጆ͟ࢵޘΡฟБဩົᛉćࠎ˞ ͞ܮќඁĂහӀ೼ˬ͵д 1430 ѐ౹నѿͨ ᗨ̀ဥĞOrder of the Golden Fleeceğ᝕ඛ ༊гᝋෳĞIsrael, 1995: 21-23ğĄጐგ̚δ ᔘზ؎્Ă௫ၚ፾ϲҋ͹۞ڱะᝋ̼۞ү ᜋᇇڱ12ă̈́็௚ĂڱᅳгЧҋѣ׎ၚ௫ ໚ĈLook and LearnĞ2020ğĄֽ 13 ೻̂ݱοጆ͟ĞBruges ğă̈́ॲপĞGhentğ ဦ 8ĈහӀ೼ˬ͵ᗉᑅοጆ͟ Ğ1437-38, 1449-53ğĂහӀۋ੓ཌྷԩޢА ԽݱᗉᑅĄܑࢬ˯Ҭ˧ڠঈމ೼ˬ͵୮̙ Ձ۞็௚Ăݒ̙௲ளٲͼநྋҲг઼̙జ ώኳĄ۞ڼ୉௚ ,ᜋ൝- ૵ಟ̂ડĞBourgogne-Franche-Comtéڱ -ґௐݎࠎ׀Ă׌гЪ઼ڱдன΃۞ 9 Burgundy-Free CountyğĄ ಢĞLimburgğĂତ඾ឭࢴ ӌ֤ᇍڒ଀οٛ঱পĞBrabantğă̈́פ ౵ѝߏд 1404-1406 10 ႬĞ Namur, 1421ğăఈᜋĞHollandğྫྷ፨ᜋĞZeeland, 1425-28ğăऄᏚĞHainaut, 1428ğă ᎊ഑ಢĞ1451ğăঔႬᇇᜋĞGelderlandğĞIsrael, 1995: 21ğĄ ͛ Estates GeneralĂ˵ಶߏ General Assemblyăڱٺࡻ͛ General States ᑕྍߏۡᛌĂ࠹༊ 11 General ParliamentĄ ఢΐ੓ֽѣ 700 к჌ĞLimm, 1989: 9ğĄڱҲг઼Чг۞ 12 ઼ڱĂপҾߏҘݑొͧዐڱ޸̈́ڱᇇᄬ۞᝝ٺᄬăࠤҌڱѣఈᄬăــҲг઼۞гЩĂ 13 -ᄬߏ Bois-leڱгડĂᛊт's-HertogenboschĞ೻ঔћқ౾೻ĂᖎჍ Den Bosch ൳౾೻ğ ၆໰ĄڱDucĄኛણ҂ GeylĞ1958: 20ğ۞ఈă 183 ઼ޙఈᜋ۞፾ϲ ăᇇڱତЇ۞̂ᓙߤநĞCharles the Bold, 1467-77ğр̂ಈΑĂࠎ˞ᄃ ඕా˧ڠဦĂ඾͘౅࿅ۍ΁ྏဦޭೇࠃ঍Ⴌͳ઼۞۞ݎݎൺĂฯ͕ܜྵ˘ ґௐұ઼ğăΔĞҲг઼ğ̝ม۞ᅳгјࠎ˘࣎፾ϲͳݎґௐ઼̳ăݎݑĞ ݑٺѪޢă̈́༄̀኏ࡎĂ౵ڒ଀ֲႬᖠ೻ĞAlsaceğ҃ᄃࠃפ˞ĂপҾࠎ઼ ᐁጼԝĞBattle of Nancy, 1477ğĄт͇̚͟۞̂ᓙߤநΑୀݬјĂ҃ͅឰ܎ ґௐ̳ݎפȈ˘ĞLouis XI of France, 1461-83ğ෺෍҃ˢ᝿ٽͳྮڱෛᶵᶵ Ă᏷ᚔࡗҹ۞ႳॾᚊপĞMargaret of York, 1468-77ğΪܲѣҲг઼ă઼̈́ ݎґௐұ઼ĞGeyl, 1958: 30; Holborn, 198: 41ğĄ ໚ĈWikimedia CommonsĞ2019: File:Karte Haus Burgund 4 ZH.pngğĄֽ ဦ 9Ĉ̂ᓙߤநॡݎґௐ઼̳ᅳг ăௐ 2 ഇĞ2020/आ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 184 ґݎһᓜݱ˭Ăκᇇᜋᓁᛉົ෺፟ࢋՐ̃׊઼ڱᓙߤந՟ѣշ๠Ă̂ ĻĞGreatېௐ۞ႳᚊĞMary of Burgundy, 1477-82ğᚶٚᘪཌĺ̂পధ ᝋڼPrivilege, 1477ğĂቁᄮޭೇහӀ೼ˬ͵ă̈́̂ᓙߤநٙᆿੵ۞г͞ҋ ઼ޓᝋ˧ćѩγĂᓁᛉົ˫щଵс๹ගৠཐᘲ੺۞عӀĂТॡ݇ऴ̚δ߆ දপধˬ͵ĞFrederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, 1452-93ğ۞׊̄ݣοޓ࠱ ,೻ಢͳഈ۞๸гӀ̳̂੺ҹҘѼӀщĞArchduke Maximilian of Austria ੺ҹҘѼӀщ˘͵14ĞMaximilianޓ࠱઼ޓৠཐᘲ੺۞ޢ1493-1519ğĂϺӈ͟ ґௐ۞Ⴓᚊ՟ѣ̦ᆃᏴፄĂݎI, Holy Roman Emperor, 1508-19ğĄૻᇲᒖҨĂ Ϗ΍إهٚҲг઼Ąд̚͵ࡔĂன΃ˠϔ͹ᝋநפȈ˘՟ѣᖣ˾৶ٽឰྮ Ğdynastic unionğĂ֗Ъ઼ބ࠹̢ᓑــЧ჌҂ณĂٺม΍̝ވனĂͳ ĄވĞpersonal unionğΦ۩֍ၚćκᇇᜋᓁᛉົ˼ზ༱ზĂݒߏ͔ফˢ ໚ĈWikimedia CommonsĞ2017: File:Maximilian I and Maria von Burgund.jpgğĄֽ ґௐ۞Ⴓᚊݎဦ 10Ĉ੺ҹҘѼӀщો ޓ੺ҹҘѼӀщАд 1486 ѐᒔ଀Ķᘲ੺ˠ۞઼ͳķĞKing of the Romansğ۞ৠཐᘲ੺ 14 Νᘲ੺۞ྮ౉͉ПٺᏐදপধˬ͵۞д 1493 ѐ࿅͵ତҜĂϤͭזᐼӖ̶֗Ăඈޓ࠱઼ Ąޓጏர˟͵ĞPope Julius II, 1503-13ğΐકࠎ࠱؟οҋ̎జିކᐍĂ΁д 1508 ѐ 185 ઼ޙఈᜋ۞፾ϲ 神聖羅馬帝國統治下的尼德蘭 ٛ೻୧ࡗĻĞTreaty of Arras, 1482ğܠᘪĺ઼ڱႳᚊд 1482 ѐᆩ੺֗˸Ă ґݎϒёٚᄮс۞׊̄හӀ೼˘͵ĞPhilip the Handsome, 1482-1506ğᚶٚ ׊̄හӀ۞̂ܜௐĂҭ̙Тຍс۞ˮ͈੺ҹҘѼӀᚶٚᅳгĄдοጆ๫Ⴌ ۞઼ޓҋ̎ତЇৠཐᘲ੺זۡ˘೼˘͵ѐρĂЯѩϤ੺ҹҘѼӀщᛷ߆Ă ࠱ҜĞ1508ğĂ̖ᔘ߆׊̄Ă̙࿅Ăֶ൒ᔘߏϤ΁၁ኳೠଠҲг઼Ą੺ҹҘ ѼӀщд 1512 ѐࢦፋᅳгĂనཉ˞˘࣎ݎґௐҖ߆઻ĞBurgundian Circle, ѺѐჍࠎݣο೻ಢ۞ޢ1512-1806ğֽგᔑĂҲг઼Ȉ˛࠷జஉᄏд̰Ăѩ κᇇᜋĞHabsburg Netherlands, 1482-1581ğĞHolborn, 198: 44-46, 49ğĄ ໚ĈWikimedia CommonsĞ2017: File:Burgundian Circle-2005-10-14-en.pngğĄֽ ґௐҖ߆઻ݎგᔑ۞઼ޓဦ 11Ĉৠཐᘲ੺ ґௐ۞ႳᚊྫྷҲгݎ̄؍ٺሹზĂ੺ҹҘѼӀщૄώ˯၆ڼߊ൒ߏ߆ ͵˘හӀ೼̄ܜĂщଵ઼ڱĄ΁ࠎ˞၆ԩޞĻҽ႐ͽېᘪཌ۞ĺ̂পధ઼ ͳ೺࢚ݑ˟͵ĞFerdinand II of Aragon, 1479-1516ğᄃΙ઼تોҘ঱Ͱֲٛ ˘೻೩Ⴌ̃ͳϿ௻֓ٛ˘͵ĞIsabella I of Castile, 1474-1504ğ۞Ѩ̃ࡧщऌ ĞJoanna of Castile, 1504-55ğĂ׌ˠϠ˭ߤந̣͵ĞCharles VğĄͳഈඕ͵ ᔞ឵፾ϲĄٺЪĂଂѩ૟Ҳг઼۞׻ྻᄃҘ঱Ͱ஝Եд˘੓Ă௣ ăௐ 2 ഇĞ2020/आ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 186 ໚ĈWikimedia CommonsĞ2020: File:Bernhard Strigel 003b.jpgğĄֽ ႳᚊĞΠ˘ğĂӱ۰̶؍Ĉ৭ϲ۰̶Ҿߏ੺ҹҘѼӀщĞν˘ğă׊හӀ೼˘͵Ğν˟ğăځᄲ ߏग̃Ⴓᚊ۞ˮځगߤந̣͵Ğν˟ğĂΠ˘ဦͯᄲܜҾߏѨग೺࢚ݑ˘͵Ğν˘ğă ಪٛࡗ̦˟͵ĞLouis II of HungaryğĂ̙࿅Ă࠻੓ֽͧྵညߏग̃ႳᚊĄ͈ ဦ 12Ĉৠཐᘲ੺ޓ઼࠱ޓҹҘѼӀщ˘͵छ୉ ґௐᅳгݎґௐႳᚊ۞ݎߤந̣͵˘Ϡ˭ֽĞ1500ğಶߏࢋᚶٚয়ϓ ґௐұ઼ğăয়ͭ੺ҹҘѼӀщ˘͵۞๸гӀăγয়ͭ೺࢚ݎĞӣҲг઼ă ˚Ğӣΐ঍ษκֲăϞࣖҘֲă֤̙ઙ೻ăҘҘ֧ă̈́ᖠتݑ˟͵۞ֲٛ ᏐѝీĞ1506ğăϓͭٺκֲğăͽ̈́γয়ϓϿ௻֓ٛ˘͵۞Ι೻೩ႬĄϤ Ꮠ൴ႺĂߤந̣͵Аߏᚶٚয়ϓдҲг઼۞ᅳгĞ1506-55ğĂତ඾˫ᚶٚ γয়ͭϓ۞ᅳгĞ1516-56ğĂΒ߁Ҙ঱Ͱăݑཌྷ̂Ӏăͽ࡚̈́߷۞ᛳгĂ ˞Ğ1519-56ğĂ˫кޓ࠱઼ޓ᜕۞΁ତҜৠཐᘲ੺רয়ͭ࿅͵Ăଂ̈זඈ ๸гӀ఺๴ᅳгĞ1519-21ğĄߤந̣͵૟Δొ࠷̶ৼˢޓ઼ᅳ˿Ăޭೇд 15 ॡ΃۞̂˘௚ Ąޓߤநત̂ ӌහ̀ᜋĂ1528׀ѐĄ΁ д 1524 ѐ 1519 זߤந̣͵۞ͭᏐд 1506 ѐ࿅͵ĂϤয়ͭᛷ߆ 15 187 ઼ޙఈᜋ۞፾ϲ ᜋᇇ೻̂ݱॲপĂଂ̈ϤፉЇҲг઼ᓁ༛۞ڱಱ૷۞ٺߤந̣͵΍Ϡ ๸гӀ۞ႳॾᚊপĞArchduchess Margaret of Austria, 1507-30ğᛷ߆Ăؑؑ ᄬߏϓᄬĂ΁˵ጯ༊г۞ڱ˞Ăੵ̂ܜѐᔘ߆ĄЯࠎд౪֘ׄ۞झԗ 1515 ҲٺᄬĞFlemishğĂߤந̣͵̙ညͭᏐහӀ೼˘͵၆ځĶ͞֏ķఈᄬǨҢ඿ Ҙ঱ͰᄃϓᏐـг઼ෛ̙҃֍ĂЯѩĂజෛࠎ̥ݓ۞ӖͳĄ΁д 1517 ѐ݈ ĂԯҲг઼ϹගؑؑႳॾᚊপ16Ăጐგ˘ฟᐝ֗ᙝᜪયᔘкֽҋҲгڼВ ઼ڱҘ঱Ͱ̼ăΒ߁ጯΙ೻೩ႬᄬĂు႙ෛҲг઼ࠎྫྷצĂ௣տυืତ઼ ᗗϓĂ̙Һ͔੓ͅຏĄܛฟጼٙᅮ࢕෱۞ ෗ҿି؟ԼࢭдҲг઼۞൴णĂд 1522 ѐޭೇି؟टԡڱߤந̣͵൑ ٙăѨѐдοጆ๫Ⴌ̳ฟ፵Ѫ׌ЩளბາିवĂ୎ѐ˫࿴Ҷĺҕ΄ĻĞEdict