DOCSLIB.ORG

Propagation of Anthurium

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Propagation of Anthurium A s p e c t s o f Z y g o t ic a n d So m a t ic E mbryogenesis IN ANTHURIUMS A THESIS SUBMITTED TOTHE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII IN PARTIAL FULHLLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HORTICULTURE DECEMBER 1994 By Tracie K. Matsumoto Thesis Committee: Adelheid Kuehnle, Chairperson Richard Criley William Sakai We certify that we have read this thesis and that, in our opinion, it is satisfactory in scope and quality as a thesis for the degree of Masto- of Science in Horticulture THESIS COMMITTEE Chairperson © Copyright 1994 by Trade Matsumoto m AKNOWLEDGEMENTS In addition to my advisor, Dr. Adelheid Kuehnle and my committee members, Dr. Richard Criley and Dr. William Sakai, I would like to thank the following people for their assistance in my research; Dr. David Webb for the use of the histological supplies and ultramicrotome equipment; Nellie Sugii for acquainting me with the microtechnique procedures; Dr. Haruyuki Kamemoto and Dr. Tessie Amore for sharing their expertise in breeding and caring for anthurium plants; Dr. Michael Tanabe, John Kunisaki and Joanne Imamura-Lichty for the anthurium plants used in this study; Jean Takabayashi for review of this manuscript; and Mach Fukada for help with "computer problems". I would also like to thank Nuttha, Gillian, Katrina, Vicky, Koon-Hui, Wendy, and Chen for their help and support during my time at UHM. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements................................................................................................................. iv List of Tables ......................................................................................................................... ix List of F ig u re s.........................................................................................................................x Chapter 1 ; Literature Review and Questions to be Answered...........................................1 A raceae.............................................................................................................................. 1 Anthurium ....................................................................................................................... 3 Zygotic Embryogenesis...................................................................................................5 Microscopy...................................................................................................................5 Histochemistry, Cytochemistry and Autoradiography............................................6 Tissue Culture............................................................................................................ 6 Molecular Techniques..................................................................................................7 Morphological Description of Zygotic Embryogenesis..........................................7 Embryogenesis in Araceae.........................................................................................9 Embryogenesis in A nthurium .................................................................................9 Somatic Embryogenesis...................................................................................................10 Factors Influencing Somatic Embryogensis..........................................................11 Applications of Somatic Embryogenesis................................................................12 Propagation of Anthurium .............................................................................................13 S e e d s ..........................................................................................................................13 D iv isio n ..................................................................................................................... 13 Cuttings...................................................................................................................... 14 Tissue Culture of A nthurium ...................................................................................... 14 Establishment of Cultures.......................................................................................14 Seeds......................................................................................................................14 Leaf, Spathe and Spadix.....................................................................................15 Axillary Buds.......................................................................................................16 Multiplication and Plant Regeneration...................................................................17 C allus....................................................................................................................17 Enhanced Axillary Branching........................................................................... 17 Somatic Embryogenesis..................................................................................18 Factors Affecting Multiplication............................................................................19 G enotype............................................................................................................. 19 V Explant Source....................................................................................................20 Commercial V alue ...................................................................................................20 Questions to be Answered..............................................................................................22 Improvement of Microtechnique Procedures for Anthurium ...............................22 Anthurium Zygotic Embryogenesis.......................................................................22 Somatic Embryogenesis in Greenhouse-Grown Anthurium.................................22 Histology of the Somatic Embryo........................................................................... 23 Aim and Scope of W ork........................................................................................... 23 References..........................................................................................................................25 Chapter 2 : Microtechnique Improvement for Anthurium............................................... 33 Introduction......................................................................................................................33 Materials and Methods...................................................................................................35 Basic Procedure...................................................................................................... 35 Methods to Remove or Fix M ucilage...................................................................35 Methods to Overcome a Hardened Carpel Wall and Seed Coat..........................36 Results and Discussion.................................................................................................. 37 Methods to Overcome Mucilage.............................................................................37 Methods to Overcome a Hardened Carpel Wall and Seed Coat..........................44 C onclusion......................................................................................................................45 R eferences..................................................................................................................... 46 Chapter 3 : Morphology and Anatomy of Anthurium Zygotic Embryogenesis.................48 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 48 Materials and M ethods................................................................................................. 48 Pollination and Harvest............................................................................................49 Microtechnique........................................................................................................... 51 Ovule / Embryo Culture..........................................................................................52 Results and Discussion.................................................................................................. 53 Embryo development................................................................................................53 Week 4 .................................................................................................................53 Week 6 .................................................................................................................56 Week 8 .................................................................................................................56 Week 1 0 .............................................................................................................56 Week 12 / Week 14 .......................................................................................... 60 vi Embryo Maturation.................................................................................................. 60 Week 1 6 .............................................................................................................. 60 Week 1 8 .............................................................................................................65 Week 2 0 .............................................................................................................65 Week 2 2 .............................................................................................................69
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Study of Morphophysiological Descriptors of Cultivated Anthurium
    HORTSCIENCE 47(9):1234–1240. 2012. 1970s, many more accessions were intro- duced from The Netherlands (Dilbar, 1992). There are no standardized morphophysio- A Study of Morphophysiological logical descriptors for anthurium available in the literature to characterize accessions of Descriptors of Cultivated Anthurium A. andraeanum Hort. or differentiate between them. Furthermore, the introduced acces- andraeanum Hort. sions have not been systematically evaluated for horticultural performance and adaptabil- Winston Elibox and Pathmanathan Umaharan1 ity under local conditions. This information Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, The University is critical for selecting parents for subse- of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, College Road, St. Augustine, Republic quent studies and for embarking on a breed- ing program. of Trinidad and Tobago The objective of the study was to deter- Additional index words. coefficient of variation, correlation, descriptors, frequency distribu- mine useful morphophysiological descriptors tion, index of differentiation, showiness, principal component analysis for horticultural characterization of cultivated anthurium accessions as well as to identify a Abstract. Sixteen morphophysiological parameters of horticultural importance were promising ideotype for breeding purposes. investigated in 82 anthurium accessions grown in the Caribbean. The spathe colors included red, pink, white, green, orange, purple, coral, and brown and obake types with Materials and Methods red, pink, and white spathe colors accounting for 63.4% of the accessions. There was wider variation in spadix color combinations than spathe color. There was wide variation Location. The experiment was conducted for the cut flower and leaf parameters evaluated with productivity and peduncle length in a commercial farm, Kairi Blooms Ltd., having the smallest and largest range, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Origin and Rapid Diversification of the Genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), Integrating Molecular Phylogenetics, Morphology and Fossils
    University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 8-3-2011 Understanding the origin and rapid diversification of the genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), integrating molecular phylogenetics, morphology and fossils Monica Maria Carlsen University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Carlsen, Monica Maria, "Understanding the origin and rapid diversification of the genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), integrating molecular phylogenetics, morphology and fossils" (2011). Dissertations. 414. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/414 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mónica M. Carlsen M.S., Biology, University of Missouri - St. Louis, 2003 B.S., Biology, Universidad Central de Venezuela – Caracas, 1998 A Thesis Submitted to The Graduate School at the University of Missouri – St. Louis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Biology with emphasis in Ecology, Evolution and Systematics June 2011 Advisory Committee Peter Stevens, Ph.D. (Advisor) Thomas B. Croat, Ph.D. (Co-advisor) Elizabeth Kellogg, Ph.D. Peter M. Richardson, Ph.D. Simon J. Mayo, Ph.D Copyright, Mónica M. Carlsen, 2011 Understanding the origin and rapid diversification of the genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), integrating molecular phylogenetics, morphology and fossils Mónica M. Carlsen M.S., Biology, University of Missouri - St. Louis, 2003 B.S., Biology, Universidad Central de Venezuela – Caracas, 1998 Advisory Committee Peter Stevens, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthurium Andraeanum) As a Cut Flower in Bangladesh
    Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 37, No. 1, 103-107, 2013 VARIETAL STUDY OF ANTHURIUM (ANTHURIUM ANDRAEANUM) AS A CUT FLOWER IN BANGLADESH M.S. ISLAM, H. MEHRAJ, M.Z.K. RONI, S. SHAHRIN AND A.F.M. JAMAL UDDIN* Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh ABSTRACT Five varieties viz., Caesar, Aymara, Ivory, Jewel, and Triticaca were in use for the study in Randomized Complete Block Design with five replications. Significant differences among cultivars were noted for all attributes evaluated. Variety ‘Triticaca’ had maximum stalk length and diameter, spathe length and breadth, spadix length, vase life and flowers per plant. Through present analysis it is noticed that, variety ‘Titicaca’ are exceedingly preferred because of its attractive flowers, excellent flower size, yield potentiality and long shelf life. Key words: Anthurium, Cut flower, Vase life INTRODUCTION Anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum) is a slow-growing perennial flowering plant that requires shady, humid conditions as found in tropical forests. The genus anthurium is evergreen and belongs to the family Araceae as the plant possesses an underground rhizome with adventitious roots, characteristic of the family. Anthurium characteristically produces numerous inflorescences subtended by brightly colored spathes, which are carried on long, slender peduncles. Spathes are characteristically heart-shaped, flat, puckered and shiny and flowers have a wide range of spathe colors viz., white, pink, salmon-pink, red, light-red, dark-red, brown, green, lavender, cream or multi-colored. The colorful spathe is long-lasting. However, the ‘true’ flowers are found on the spadix and have large numbers of pistils, each surrounded by four stamens.
    [Show full text]
  • A Taxonomic Revision of Araceae Tribe Potheae (Pothos, Pothoidium and Pedicellarum) for Malesia, Australia and the Tropical Western Pacific
    449 A taxonomic revision of Araceae tribe Potheae (Pothos, Pothoidium and Pedicellarum) for Malesia, Australia and the tropical Western Pacific P.C. Boyce and A. Hay Abstract Boyce, P.C. 1 and Hay, A. 2 (1Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, U.K. and Department of Agricultural Botany, School of Plant Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 221, Reading, RS6 6AS, U.K.; 2Royal Botanic Gardens, Mrs Macquarie’s Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia) 2001. A taxonomic revision of Araceae tribe Potheae (Pothos, Pothoidium and Pedicellarum) for Malesia, Australia and the tropical Western Pacific. Telopea 9(3): 449–571. A regional revision of the three genera comprising tribe Potheae (Araceae: Pothoideae) is presented, largely as a precursor to the account for Flora Malesiana; 46 species are recognized (Pothos 44, Pothoidium 1, Pedicellarum 1) of which three Pothos (P. laurifolius, P. oliganthus and P. volans) are newly described, one (P. longus) is treated as insufficiently known and two (P. sanderianus, P. nitens) are treated as doubtful. Pothos latifolius L. is excluded from Araceae [= Piper sp.]. The following new synonymies are proposed: Pothos longipedunculatus Ridl. non Engl. = P. brevivaginatus; P. acuminatissimus = P. dolichophyllus; P. borneensis = P. insignis; P. scandens var. javanicus, P. macrophyllus and P. vrieseanus = P. junghuhnii; P. rumphii = P. tener; P. lorispathus = P. leptostachyus; P. kinabaluensis = P. longivaginatus; P. merrillii and P. ovatifolius var. simalurensis = P. ovatifolius; P. sumatranus, P. korthalsianus, P. inaequalis and P. jacobsonii = P. oxyphyllus. Relationships within Pothos and the taxonomic robustness of the satellite genera are discussed. Keys to the genera and species of Potheae and the subgenera and supergroups of Pothos for the region are provided.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Life Magill’S Encyclopedia of Science
    MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE Volume 4 Sustainable Forestry–Zygomycetes Indexes Editor Bryan D. Ness, Ph.D. Pacific Union College, Department of Biology Project Editor Christina J. Moose Salem Press, Inc. Pasadena, California Hackensack, New Jersey Editor in Chief: Dawn P. Dawson Managing Editor: Christina J. Moose Photograph Editor: Philip Bader Manuscript Editor: Elizabeth Ferry Slocum Production Editor: Joyce I. Buchea Assistant Editor: Andrea E. Miller Page Design and Graphics: James Hutson Research Supervisor: Jeffry Jensen Layout: William Zimmerman Acquisitions Editor: Mark Rehn Illustrator: Kimberly L. Dawson Kurnizki Copyright © 2003, by Salem Press, Inc. All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this work may be used or reproduced in any manner what- soever or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address the publisher, Salem Press, Inc., P.O. Box 50062, Pasadena, California 91115. Some of the updated and revised essays in this work originally appeared in Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science (1991), Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science, Supplement (1998), Natural Resources (1998), Encyclopedia of Genetics (1999), Encyclopedia of Environmental Issues (2000), World Geography (2001), and Earth Science (2001). ∞ The paper used in these volumes conforms to the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1992 (R1997). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Magill’s encyclopedia of science : plant life / edited by Bryan D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Pollinator–Plant Interaction Types in the Araceae
    BRIEF COMMUNICATION doi:10.1111/evo.12318 THE EVOLUTION OF POLLINATOR–PLANT INTERACTION TYPES IN THE ARACEAE Marion Chartier,1,2 Marc Gibernau,3 and Susanne S. Renner4 1Department of Structural and Functional Botany, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria 2E-mail: [email protected] 3Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Ecologie des Foretsˆ de Guyane, 97379 Kourou, France 4Department of Biology, University of Munich, 80638 Munich, Germany Received August 6, 2013 Accepted November 17, 2013 Most plant–pollinator interactions are mutualistic, involving rewards provided by flowers or inflorescences to pollinators. An- tagonistic plant–pollinator interactions, in which flowers offer no rewards, are rare and concentrated in a few families including Araceae. In the latter, they involve trapping of pollinators, which are released loaded with pollen but unrewarded. To understand the evolution of such systems, we compiled data on the pollinators and types of interactions, and coded 21 characters, including interaction type, pollinator order, and 19 floral traits. A phylogenetic framework comes from a matrix of plastid and new nuclear DNA sequences for 135 species from 119 genera (5342 nucleotides). The ancestral pollination interaction in Araceae was recon- structed as probably rewarding albeit with low confidence because information is available for only 56 of the 120–130 genera. Bayesian stochastic trait mapping showed that spadix zonation, presence of an appendix, and flower sexuality were correlated with pollination interaction type. In the Araceae, having unisexual flowers appears to have provided the morphological precon- dition for the evolution of traps. Compared with the frequency of shifts between deceptive and rewarding pollination systems in orchids, our results indicate less lability in the Araceae, probably because of morphologically and sexually more specialized inflorescences.
    [Show full text]
  • Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas, Part 3
    ; Fig. 170. Solandra longiflora (Solanaceae). 7. Solanum Linnaeus Annual or perennial, armed or unarmed herbs, shrubs, vines or trees. Leaves alternate, simple or compound, sessile or petiolate. Inflorescence an axillary, extra-axillary or terminal raceme, cyme, corymb or panicle. Flowers regular, or sometimes irregular; calyx (4-) 5 (-10)- toothed; corolla rotate, 5 (-6)-lobed. Stamens 5, exserted; anthers united over the style, dehiscing by 2 apical pores. Fruit a 2-celled berry; seeds numerous, reniform. Key to Species 1. Trees or shrubs; stems armed with spines; leaves simple or lobed, not pinnately compound; inflorescence a raceme 1. S. macranthum 1. Vines; stems unarmed; leaves pinnately compound; inflorescence a panicle 2. S. seaforthianum 1. Solanum macranthum Dunal, Solanorum Generumque Affinium Synopsis 43 (1816). AARDAPPELBOOM (Surinam); POTATO TREE. Shrub or tree to 9 m; stems and leaves spiny, pubescent. Leaves simple, toothed or up to 10-lobed, to 40 cm. Inflorescence a 7- to 12-flowered raceme. Corolla 5- or 6-lobed, bluish-purple, to 6.3 cm wide. Range: Brazil. Grown as an ornamental in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). 2. Solanum seaforthianum Andrews, Botanists Repository 8(104): t.504 (1808). POTATO CREEPER. Vine to 6 m, with petiole-tendrils; stems and leaves unarmed, glabrous. Leaves pinnately compound with 3-9 leaflets, to 20 cm. Inflorescence a many- flowered panicle. Corolla 5-lobed, blue, purple or pinkish, to 5 cm wide. Range:South America. Grown as an ornamental in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). Sterculiaceae Monoecious, dioecious or polygamous trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple to palmately compound, petiolate. Inflorescence an axillary panicle, raceme, cyme or thyrse.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of the Antiyeast Compound and Probiotic Properties
    Electronic Journal of Biotechnology ISSN: 0717-3458 http://www.ejbiotechnology.info DOI: 10.2225/vol13-issue5-fulltext-2 Optimization in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Anthurium andraeanum using GFP as a reporter Qing Zhao1 · Ji Jing2 · Gang Wang2 · Jie Hua Wang2 · Yuan Yuan Feng2 2 2 Han Wen Xing · Chun Feng Guan 1 School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China 2 School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China Corresponding author: [email protected] - [email protected] Received September 16, 2009 / Accepted May 5, 2010 Published online: September 15, 2010 © 2010 by Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile Abstract Although Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols for many economically important plant species have been well established, protocol for a number of flowering plants including Anthurium andraeanum remains challenging. In this study, we report success in generating transgenic Anthurium andraeanum cv Arizona using Agrobacterium GV3101 strain harboring a binary vector carrying gfp as a reporter gene. The possibility of facilitating the screening process for transgenic plants expressing functional proteins using gfp marker was explored. In order to realize high transformation efficiency, different explant sources including undifferentiated callus pieces and petioles were compared for their regeneration efficiency and susceptibility to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. We also optimized the concentration of AS added to co-cultivation media. Genomic PCR revealed that 11 of the 22 resistant plantlets regenerated on selective medium were successfully transformed. Green fluorescence was observed using a fluorescence microscope in 7 of the 11 PCR-positive plants, indicating GFP was expressed stably in the transformed Anthurium andraeanum.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Anthurium Sect. Andiphillum (Araceae) from Cultivation
    PALMARBOR Croat and Hodel: New Anthurium (Araceae) 2020-8: 1–16 A New Species of Anthurium sect. Andiphillum (Araceae) from Cultivation THOMAS B. CROAT AND DONALD R. HODEL Key Words: Anthurium, Araceae, sect. Andiphillum, new species, Mexico. Introduction The genus Anthurium was last revised for Central America nearly 40 years ago (Croat 1983; 1986) and will soon be revised again for Flora of Mesoamerica (Croat in prep.). The new revision will contain 370 species of Anthurium, up from around 220 species known in 1986. The most recently discovered species has resulted from a fortuitous situation. The junior author had an Anthurium growing in his garden near Los Angeles, California and suspected it might be new to science (Figs. 1–2). He sent photos and material of the plant to the senior author who also suspected it was new to science. The senior author investigated the material and keyed it out in both the Lucid Anthurium Key (an as yet unpublished, on-line electronic key) and the newly composed key to Anthurium for Flora of Mesoamerica (Croat in prep.), which confirmed the authors’ suspicions. This new species, though ostensibly of unknown origin, is little known in cultivation, existing only in a few private, exotic plant collections in Southern California. The species regularly sets fruit, a good sign that it is probably not a hybrid. It certainly must have originated from Mexico or possibly Guatemala, the only two countries where the sect. Andiphillum occurs (except rarely in Honduras). The more or less D-shaped to U-shaped petioles and the very large fruits (berries) readily distinguish this section (Carlsen and Croat 2019; Croat and Hormell 2017).
    [Show full text]
  • Agro-Morphological, Yield, and Genotyping-By-Sequencing Data of Selected Wheat Germplasm
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.18.209882; this version posted July 19, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Agro-morphological, yield, and genotyping-by-sequencing data of selected wheat germplasm Madiha Islam1, Abdullah2, Bibi Zubaida1, Nosheen Shafqat3, Rabia Masood4, Uzma Khan4, Shahid Waseem5, Mohammad Tahir Waheed2, Waseem Haider6, Jibran Tahir7, Ibrar Ahmed5*, Muhammad Naeem8*, Habib Ahmad1* 1. Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan 2. Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan 3. Department of Agriculture, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan 4. Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan 5. Alpha Genomics Private Limited, Islamabad, Pakistan 6. Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad. 7. The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand 8. Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department, Islamabad, Pakistan *Corresponding authors: Ibrar Ahmed ([email protected]) Muhammad Naeem ([email protected]) Habib Ahmad ([email protected]) bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.18.209882; this version posted July 19, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Abstract Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most important staple food in Pakistan. Knowledge of its genetic diversity is critical for designing effective crop breeding programs.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome-Wide Survey of the Seagrass Zostera Muelleri Suggests Modification of the Ethylene Signalling Network
    Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 66, No. 5 pp. 1489–1498, 2015 doi:10.1093/jxb/eru510 Advance Access publication 6 January 2015 This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details) RESEArCH PApEr Genome-wide survey of the seagrass Zostera muelleri suggests modification of the ethylene signalling network Agnieszka A. Golicz1,2,*, Martin Schliep3,*, Huey Tyng Lee1,2, Anthony W.D. Larkum3, Rudy Dolferus4, Jacqueline Batley1,5, Chon-Kit Kenneth Chan1,5, Gaurav Sablok3, Peter J. Ralph3 and David Edwards1,2,5,† 1 School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia 2 Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Land, Crop and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia 3 Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia 4 CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia 5 School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia * These authors contributed equally to this work. † To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected] Received 18 August 2014; Revised 28 November 2014; Accepted 2 December 2014 Abstract Seagrasses are flowering plants which grow fully submerged in the marine environment. They have evolved a range of adaptations to environmental challenges including light attenuation through water, the physical stress of wave action and tidal currents, high concentrations of salt, oxygen deficiency in marine sediment, and water-borne pollination. Although, seagrasses are a key stone species of the costal ecosystems, many questions regarding seagrass biology and evolution remain unanswered.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthurium Fragrance: Genetic and Biochemical Studies
    ANTHURIUM FRAGRANCE: GENETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HORTICULTURE DECEMBER 1997 By Nuttha Kuanprasert Dissertation Committee: Adelheid R. Kuehnle, Chairperson Chung-Shih Tang Catherine Cavaletto Richard Criley Richard M. Manshardt David T. Webb We certify that we have read this dissertation and that, in our opinion, it is satisfactory in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Horticulture. DISSERTATION COMMITTEE 1^-hXLu.AA fl 16^1—^ Chairperson M HL > L x6 © Copyright 1997 by Nuttha Kuanprasert All Rights Reserved iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am very grateful to my advisor, Dr. Adelheid R. Kuehnle for her valuable advice and support throughout the dissertation process and also for her assistance in editing my manuscript. I would like to thank my committee members: Dr. C. S. Tang for his guidance in chemical analysis, Ms. Catherine Cavaletto for her instruction in fragrance evaluation. Dr. Richard Criley for providing useful and relevant articles and abstracts. Dr. Richard M. Manshardt for his support and comments, and Dr. David T. Webb for his long-term assistance in histological study. I extend my sincere thanks to Emeritus Professor Haruyuki Kamemoto. I truly enjoyed the numerous hours we spent working in the nursery. Through this experience, I gained invaluable knowledge about general horticultural techniques and philosophy of life. 1 would like to extend my gratitude to Dr. Teresita Amore for her kind assistance and suggestions, Ms. Nellie Sugii, and lab members for their friendship and encouragement.
    [Show full text]