Official New York, from Cleveland to Hughes

Home , Charles Goodell, Clarence Lexow, Edward Schoeneck, Francis Kernan, Frank Hiscock, Gherardi Davis

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OFFICIAL N E W YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

IN FOUR VOLUMES

Editor CHARLES ELLIOTT FITCH, L. H. D.

VOLUME IV

HURD PUBLISHING COMPANY NEW YORK AND BUFFALO 1911 ITevTyorkII •C LIBRARY 53H1^?4

Joseph H. Choate, LL.D.,D.C.L. Hon. John Woodward, LL.D.

James S. Sherman, LL. D. De Alva S. Alexander, LL. D.

Hon. Cornelius N. Bliss Henry W. Hill, LL. D.

Horace Porter, LL. D. William C. Morey, LL.D.

Andrew D. White, LL.D.,D.C.L. Pliny T. Se.xton, LL.D.

David J. Hill, LL.D. M. Woolsey Stryker, D.D.,LL.D.

Chauncey M. Depew, LL.D. Charles S. Symonds

Hon. Horace White Hon. J. Sloat Fassett

Charles Andrews, LL. D. Hon. John B. Stanchfield

A. Judd Northrup, LL.D. Morgan J. O'Brien, LL.D.

T. Guilford Smith, LL. D. Hon. William F. Sheehan

Daniel Beach, LL.D. Hon. S. N. D. North CONTENTS

CH.\PTER I PAGE Greater NE^y York 13

CH.\PTER II Onondaga County 49

CHAPTER III Ontario County ...... 83 CHAPTER IV OR.'iJfGE County 97 CHAPTER V

Orleans County . 107

CHAPTER VI Oswego County Ill

CHAPTER VII Putn^vai County 123

CHAPTER VIII Queens County 127 CHAPTER IX Rensselaer and Washington Counties .... 139 CHAPTER X

Richmond County ...... 155

CHAPTER XI Rockland County 157

CHAPTER XII

St. Lawrence County . 163

CHAPTER XIII Saratoga County 165

CHAPTER XIV Schenectady County 175 CHAPTER XV Schuyler County I79 CH.VPTER XVI PAGE Seneca County 187

CHAPTER XVII Steuben County 195

CHAPTER XVIII Suffolk County 203 CHAPTER XIX Sullivan County 205 CHAPTER XX Tioga County 209 CHAPTER XXI Tompkins County 217

CHAPTER XXII Warren County 223

CHAPTER XXIII Wayne County 229 CHAPTER XXIV Westchester County 259 CHAPTER XXV AVyoming County 271 CHAPTER XXVI Yates County 291

Appendix 315

CHAPTER I

Greater New York

By Willis Fletcher Johnson, L. H. D.

scheme of what was subsequently and awk- THEwardly called Greater New York was conceived about thirty years before its realization by the same mind which ultimately directed its execution. As early as 1868 Andrew Haswell Green, of New York city, suggested and began to advocate the enlargement of the into a territorial bounds of that city and the consolidation of York single municipality of all the communities New State which were clustered about New York bay and along the North and East rivers. Mr. Green, then of puissant middle age, was a successful lawyer with a genius for municipal development and administrative reform, and with a broader and further-reaching vision than that which was enjoyed by most of his contemporaries. In 1857 he had been appointed by the Legislature one of the board of commissioners of Central Park and for more than ten years had been comptroller of the park, having supreme executive authority over that great pleasure ground during the years of its formation and development. More than any other one man he was the administrative creator of Central Park, and it was as a logical outgrowth

13 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES of his work there that he was inspired to move for consoh- dation of the metropoHtan municipalities. In addition to creating Central Park, Mr. Green was called upon to select ground for other parks in the still of this more remote parts of the city. In the prosecution work he became impressed with the fact that the northern end of Manhattan Island was several miles further from the City Hall than was the southern end of Westchester county. Yet the former, with its sparse population, was a part of New York city; while the latter, with its cluster of populous and rapidly-growing communities and important industries and commerce, was outside the city and was connected physically with it by nothing more than a few shabby bridges and ferries. In one township in that part of Westchester county there were twelve villages and in another there were nine, all of which were steadily growing and becoming merged into one large community. And so Mr. Green urged that that part of

Westchester county should be annexed to New York city, though not, perhaps, to New York county; and he further suggested that the same disposal should be made of Brooklyn and other communities on Long Island. That was in 1868, and in an oflScial report made to the board of commissioners of Central Park he said: " It is not intended now to do more than direct attention to the important subject of bringing the city of New York and the county of Kings, a part of Westchester county and a part of Queens and Rich- mond, including the various suburbs of the city within a certain radial distance from the centre, under one common municipal government, to be arranged in departments under a single executive head."

OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

At that time his scheme seemed quite impracticable. The various municipahties in question were widely separated and some of them had apparently little community of interest, while some of them had an intense and sensi- tive local pride which caused them to regard with disfavor any pi'oposal to merge them into the larger city and thus to destroy their individuality. New York itself, nominally and technically embracing all of Manhattan Island, was a congeries of still semi-detached communities — Har- lem, Yorkville, Inwood, Carmansville, Bloomingdale, Chelsea and others retaining a large measure of local individuality and being separated from each other and from the city proper at the lower end of the island by considerable spaces of unoccupied land. Brooklyn was still confined to narrow limits within which it was divided into distinct communities, while East New York, Flatbush, Gravesend and other places were still independent rural villages, and Coney Island was a remote and quite detached resort for fishing, bathing and picnicking of a primitive kind. Greenpoint, Ravenswood, Astoria and Maspeth were widely separated towns awaiting consolidation into Long Island City, while Jamaica and Whitestone were reckoned to be outside the limit of actual suburbs.

Conditions of municipal administration in New York were, moreover, unpropitious for the success of an annexation or consolidation movement. The notorious " " Tweed Ring was in undisputed power and was plung- the into ing city debt with reckless profligacy. Exposure of its dishonesty had not yet been convincingly made,

15 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES and the general public saw simply its grandiose public works, which were often of real and great utility, though in and manner. generally executed an extravagant corrupt But already widespread suspicion and discontent were in a arising, which a few years later culminated civic revolution. In the latter movement Mr. Green took a conspicuous and most valuable part. It was to save the city from further plundering that he was made deputy comptroller of New York, and in permitting him to be " " appointed to that place the Tweed Ring signed its own death warrant. For several years his chief activities the were given to reorganization of the city's finances and averting of threatened bankruptcy, work which he accomplished with admirable skill; and though for a time his plans of municipal consolidation had to be held in abey- ance, the work of reform which he was doing was of paramount importance as a preparation for the ultimate execution of those plans. A considerable step toward the execution of Mr. Green's great scheme was effected in 1873, when the borders of New York city were for the first time extended beyond Manhattan Island and were made to include a part of the mainland of Westchester county, comprising the villages of Morrisania, Tremont, Fordham and others, a

I'egion for years thereafter popularly known as the Annexed District. This achievement was in accord with Mr.

Green's proposals of 1868 and was in itself not inconsider- able, and it strongly turned public thought toward the other and greater consolidation which had been suggested.

16 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

If a part of Westchester county could be included within New York city, so could the counties of Kings and Rich- at mond and least a part of Queens. If it was logical to bring INIorrisania and Fordham under the municipal government of New York, it would be logical to do the same

with the much larger and really more closely adjacent communities of Brooklyn and Greenpoint. Accordingly, a dozen years after the Westchester annexation, Mr. Green was able to lead a definite and well-organized movement for the accomplishment of his original scheme, and in 1890 he was appointed the head of a commission of eleven members, charged with the task of formulating the necessary measures for the proposed metropolitan consolidation.

His memorial to the Legislature, which moved it to appoint this commission, was a most impressive and con- vincing document. He pointed out the fact that the

metropolis at that time consisted practically of three whole counties, two parts of counties, two cities and fifteen townships, and he contrasted the difference between the results of their remaining separate and discordant and of their becoming a harmonious whole. He discussed the control and utilization of the waters and of the land lines of transportation; the regulation of factories and industries; the suppression of vice and crime; the extension of public works of various kinds; the improvement of administration through the increase of efficiency and—as he vainly hoped — the decrease of expense. The memorial was successfully persuasive. The commission was

17 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES apiiointed with Mr. Green as its head, and as a result of its hibors a bill was introduced into the Legislature at Albany in the early part of 1894 providing for a popular referendum in all the municipalities concerned upon the question of consolidation, and this bill, after some animated discussion, was enacted into law, the referendum to be made at the general election in the following November. The arguments pro and contra which were presented to the people during the ensuing campaign were numerous.

From the political but non-partisan point of view it was urged that the unification of the communities into a single great city would probably give them all better government and would certainly increase their influence in State aiTairs. The idea widely prevailed that the State government was controlled by the rural counties, often with injurious discrimination against the metropolis, and that the proposed consolidation would correct this evil and give the new great city a commanding voice at Albany. From the partisan point of view there "was to each party a prospect of advantage. Brooklyn was usually a Repub- the leaders of lican city, and that party hoped that by consolidating it and other Republican communities with the strongly Democratic New York they might secure control of the whole greater city ; while Democratic leaders, on the other hand, were equally hopeful that the entire metropolis would be Democratic. Refoi-mers hoped that purer administration would be attained, wdiile the less scrupulous eagerly anticipated enlarged opportunities " for graft." Economists urged that consolidation would

OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGIIKS make possible a material reduction of the gross cost of administration, an expectation which was in fact not realized, and that by unification of plans it would promote the construction of needed public works, as it did. There were also many who regarded consolidation as essential to the continued commercial supremacy of New York. They saw with alarm the rapid growth of Chicago and heard its confident boastings, and foolishly feared that if the latter should surpass New York in population — as it boasted that it would do and as was not impossible if New York remained within its then existing limits — the loss of the prestige of primacy of population would prove disastrous to New York's business interests. Finally, there was the too common American spirit of expansion; the desire for bigness for the sake of bigness, the spirit " which once acclaimed the United States as bounded on the north by the Aurora Borealis, on the south by the pre- cession of the equinoxes, on the east by primeval chaos, and on the west by the Day of Judgment." Against these formidable considerations there was little to oppose. There were those in whom pride of locality was strong and to whom it seemed better to be citizens of an independent Brooklyn or Jamaica than to be merged in the vastness of an indefinitely great New York. There were those who feared, and not without good cause, that they would have to pay in increased taxes a heavy price for the distinction of being citizens of the world's second city. So strong were these feelings in Brooklyn that a numerous and influential league was

19 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES formed to oppose the union of that city with its larger neio-hbor. But all such protests and resistance were in vain. The election occurred on November 6, 1894, and resulted in a popular majority in favor of consolidation in all of the communities concerned excepting the city of Mount Vernon and the township of West Chester in West- chester county. That refusal of Mount Vernon to enter the metropolitan combination was effective and conclu- sive, and that city remains independent to this day, directly abutting upon New York at the north. But the similar refusal of West Chester was a few months later nullified by an act of the Legislature which in June, 1895—exercising government without the consent of the governed — annexed to New York the suburban municipalities of "VVest Chester, East Chester, Pelham and Wakefield, and thus gave to the city all that part of Westchester county whicli ^Ir. Green had originally designed for such inclusion, the cities of INIount Vernon and Yonkers havino- been outside his scheme.

The results of the polling on the referendum of Nov- ember 6, are 189-i, woi-thy of recalling and preservation.

l'li(-y were as follows :

For Against New York rounty and city 96,938 59,959 Kiiiirs county, or Brooklyn 64,744 64,467 Queens county municipalities 7,712 4,741 Richmond county 5,531 1,505 Mount Vernon 873 1,603 East ( hester 374, 260 "West Chester 620 621 Telhani .' 251 153 Totals 177,043' 133,309

20 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVKLAM) TO HUGHES

The next and final step promptly and inevitably followed. In January, 1896, a bill was introduced at Albany providing for the execution of the mandate which had been given by the people in the referendum of 1894, the consolidation with by New York of the city of Brooklyn which by this time had grown to include all of Kings of Island county, Long City, Jamaica and the major part of Queens county, and of the entire county of Richmond, or Staten Island. bill also The provided for the aj)point- ment by the Governor of a commission of nine members which should frame a charter for the great city. The principle was emphasized that the proposed act was not to be annexation of these other municipalities to New York or their absorption by the latter in such a way that they would lose their own individualitv and local auton- oniy, but was to be a consolidation or a confederation of which the constituent parts would retain the largest measure of individuality consistent with a general government, and with a harmonious and consistent development of the entire metropolitan area. This bill was enacted and the commission was appointed. It is to be recalled that the Governor of the State at that time was Levi P. Morton,

a Republican, and that the Legislature was strongly Republican in both branches, the Senate containing 35 Republicans and 14 Democrats and the Assembly 103 Republicans and 47 Democrats. The mayor of New York was William L. Strong, a Republican, who had been elected by a combination of Republicans and independent Democrats; the mayor of Brooklyn was Frederick W.

','i OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Wurster, a Republican, and tlie mayor of Long Island City was Patrick J. Gleason, a Democrat. Under the law the mayors of New York, Brooklyn and Long Island City were to be members of the Charter Commission, together with the State Engineer, C. W. Adams, the State Attorney General, Theodore E. Hancock, and Mr. Green, with nine other persons resident in the communities which were to be consolidated. The Gov- ernor, on June 9, appointed as these nine members Messrs. Seth Low, Benjamin F. Tracy, John F. Dillon, Stewart L. Woodford, Silas B. Dutcher, WiUiam C. De Witt, George INI. Pinney, Jr., and Garret J. Garretson. The commission appointed from its own membership a committee to draft the proposed charter. Of this committee Mr. Green was the head, and the charter was largely his own creation. The committee reported its draft of a charter to the whole commission on December 24, 1896, and on Febru- ary 22, 1897, the commission reported it to the Legislature. The Legislature of 1897 was, like its predecessor, overwhelmingly Republican, but action upon the measure was not determined entirely according to party lines. After reference to the proper committee the charter bill was adopted by tlie Assembly on March 23 by vote of 118 to 28, the majority consisting of 105 Republicans and 13 Democrats and the minority of 6 Republicans and 22 Democrats. Two days later it was also passed by the Senate by a vote of 39 to 9, the majority including 5 Demo- crats and the minority being all Democrats. The bill

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'/ePT vol ly^.fiac'j lev.. OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES was then sent to the mayors of the cities concerned for their approval or disapproval. After public hearings had been given, at which vigorous expressions of opinion were made on both sides. Mayor Gleason of Long Island City approved the bill on April 1 and Mayor Wurster of Brook- lyn did the same on April 8, while on April 7 Mayor Strong of New York recorded his disapproval and his veto of the measure. The bill was accordingly again laid before the Legislature, and after several hearings it was repassed over Mayor Strong's veto by the Assembly on April 12 by a vote of 106 to 32, and by the Senate on April 14 by a vote of 34 to 10. On May 5 following it was signed by the Governor — Frank S. Black, a Republican — and became law.

Under this epoch-making act, which became effective on January 1, 1898, the city of New York was enlarged to comprehend all the municipalities and public corporations and parts thereof, including cities, villages, towns and school districts, but not counties, within the following territory, to wit: In addition to the existing city of New York, comprising Manhattan Island and the annexed district of Westchester county, the city of Brooklyn, then comprising the whole of Kings county, all the municipalities of the county of Richmond, the city of Long Island City, the towns of Flushing, Newton and Jamaica, and that part of the town of Hempstead in the county of Queens lying west of a straight line drawn from the southeast point of the town of Flushing through the middle of the channel, between Rockaway Beach and Shelter Island,

23 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Queens county, to the Atlantic ocean. The corporate name of the whole municipality was made the city of New York, and the municipality was divided into five boroughs. Of these the borough of Manhattan comprised Manhattan Island and Governor's, Bedloe's, Elhs, Blackwell's, Randall's, Ward's and the Oyster Islands; the borough of The Bronx comprised all of the city lying within West- chester county, including several islands in Long Island Sound; the borough of Brooklyn comprised all of Kings county; the borough of Queens comprised Long Island City and all of the municipalities of Queens county which had been included within the prescribed boundaries; and the borough of Richmond comprised all of Richmond county, or Staten Island. The total area of the enlarged

city was about 326}^ square miles, making it in geographi-

cal extent the second city in the world, the area of London being about 693 square miles, while Chicago and Phila- delphia measured only 1903/^ and 1293/2 square miles respectively. The estimated population of the entire

city was 3,195,059, making it in numbers the second city in the world.

The charter originally provided, at Mr. Green's personal urging, for a bi-cameral Municipal Assembly, consisting of a council of 29 members elected on a general ticket at — — the same time and for the same term four years as the mayor, and a board of aldermen consisting of one member from each Assembly district within the city elected for two years. The board of estimate and apportionment, which controls the finances and most of

24 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLIOVELAND TO HUGHES

the business of the city, was composed of the mayor, the comptroller, the corporation counsel and the president of the department of taxes and assessments. The police department was managed by a bi-partisan board of four commissioners. These and other less important features of the charter were largely inherited from the former government of the city of New York and were presently found to be unsatisfactory to the enlarged and vastly more complex metropolis. The Legislature of 1901 therefore radically revised the charter, in accordance with the recommendations of a charter commission of which George L. Rives was chairman. The changes became effective on January 1, 1902. The new features thus adopted and now in force resemble those of London and other large European cities and make for a more perfect realization of the original promise of local autonomy. The supreme executive power is vested in a mayor, who is elected by popular vote for a term of four years and who is eligible for re-election. (Under the original charter he was not eligible for re-election. Under the revision of 1901 his term was fixed at two years, but in 1905 another revision extended it to four years.) His salary is $15,000 a year. He appoints the chief officers of the city not otherwise provided for and has power to remove from oflBce for the good of the public service any official appointed by him excepting members of the board of education, trustees of the College of the City of New York, trustees of Bellevue and Allied hospitals, and judicial oflBcers for whose removal other provision is made, by the Constitution.

as OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

The board of aldermen consists of a member elected from each of 73 districts for a term of two years at a salary of $'-2,000 a year. The president of the board is sepa- rately elected by the general vote of the entire city for a term of four years coinciding with that of the mayor, and he possesses all the powers of the mayor during the dis- abilitv or absence of the latter. No ordinance can be passed by the board except by a vote of a majority of all its members, while money votes require a three-fourths majority of all the members to pass them over the mayor's veto, and a measure involving the grant of a franchise cannot be passed over such veto. The board has legislative authority over all ordinances relating to the police, health, park, fire and building departments. It is author- ized to grant franchises for public utilities and to pass ordinances for the regulation of theatres, markets, hotels, etc. It also, subject to the recommendation of the board of estimate and apportionment, fixes the salaries of most of the employees of the city. The comptroller is the head of the financial department of the city and is elected by the popular vote of the city for a term of four years coincident with that of the mayor. He receives a salary of $15,000 a year. He audits, with a few exceptions, all claims against the city, inspects and revises the accounts of all departments, and has final authority over all agreements for the acquisition of real estate. The city chamberlain, who is practically the treasurer of the city, is appointed by the mayor. The commissioners of the sinking fund consist of the mayor.

OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

of the the comptroller, the chamberlain, the president board of aldermen, and the chairman of the finance committee of the board of aldermen.

The board of estimate and apportionment is prac- local and is tically an upj)er chamber of the legislature, one of the most important factors in the entire municipal government. It consists of the mayor, the comptroller, the president of the board of aldermen, and the presidents of the five boroughs. The first three members named have three votes each, the presidents of the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn two votes each, and the presidents of the other three boroughs one vote each. With a few exceptions, all acts of the board must be adopted by a majority of the whole number of votes. This board prepares each year a budget of the amounts estimated to be required for the various departments of the city government, which is then submitted to the board of aldermen. The latter board may reduce any of the amounts apportioned, but may not increase them nor insert new items. Any such reduction is subject to the veto power of the mayor.

The administrative departments of the city government are as follows: Finance department, law department, police department, department of water supply, gas and electricity, department of street cleaning, department of bridges, department of parks, department of public charities, department of correction, fire department, department of docks and ferries, departments of taxes and assessments, department of education, department of

27 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES health, and tenement house department. The park department has three commissioners, the department of taxes and assessments five commissioners, the department of heahh three commissioners, of whom two are ex- oflScio, and the department of education 46 members of a board of education. Each of the other departments is under a single commissioner. All of these heads of departments excepting that of finance are appointed by the mayor, who also appoints five civil service commissioners, two commissioners of accounts, an inspector of weights and measures and various other officers.

The corporation counsel is the legal adviser of all departments and officers of the city government and has charge of all the law business of the municipality. The police department is under the direction of a single commissioner whose term of ofiice is five years. He may be removed from office at any time by the mayor or by the Governor of the State, if in their judgment the public interests so require, and shall then be ineligible for reappointment. His successor must be appointed by the mayor within ten days after the vacancy occurs. The commissioner appoints and can at his pleasure remove three deputy commissioners. The department comprises 15 inspectors, one captain to each 50 of the total number of patrolmen excepting in the rural parts of the city; not more than four sergeants to each 50 patrolmen, and a similar number of roundsmen; detective sergeants, telegraphers, and various other functionaries, and patrolmen to the number of 6,382.

28 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

The commissioner of water supj)ly, gas and elec- distribution of tricity has charge of the supply and water, illuniinant also of gas and of electricity or any other and of the distribution of pneumatic power and steam. The commissioner of street cleaning has charge of the sweeping and the cleaning of the streets in the boroughs of Man- hattan, The Bronx and Brooklyn and of the removal of ashes and garbage and also of snow. The commissioner of bridges has charge of all the bridges within the city, of the operation of the railroad on the Brooklyn Bridge and of the construction and management of tunnels beneath the rivers. The three commissioners of parks have charge of all public parks, one of them having juris- diction in the boroughs of Manhattan and Richmond, one in the boroujih of The Bronx and one in the boroua;hs of Brooklyn and Queens. The commissioner of public chanties has charge of all hospitals, asylums, almshouses and other institutions for the care of the feeble-minded,

the sick and the destitute, with certain specified exceptions. Bellevue Hospital and the Allied Hospitals are in charge of a board of trustees consisting of the commissioner of public charities and six persons appointed by the mayor. The commissioner of correction has, with certain exceptions, charge of all institutions for the care and custody of criminals and misdemeanants. The fire commissioner has complete charge of all the activities of the fire department. The commissioner of docks and ferries has charge of the water front property

of the city, but he cannot make any contract or execute any

29 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

deed for such property unless it has first been approved by the commissioners of the sinking fund. The five commissioners of taxes and assessments appoint 40 deputy tax commissioners, whose duty it is to assess all the taxable property in the several districts to which they are assigned. The comptroller, the corporation counsel and the president of the department of taxes and assessments form a board for the revision of assessments. 46 The members of the board of education are apportioned as follows: From the borough of Manhattan, 22; from the of The 4 from the borough Bronx, ; borough of Brooklyn, 14; from the borough of Queens, 4; and from the borough of Richmond, 2. This board has the man- and control of all the agement public schools of the city. It has divided the boroughs into 46 school board districts apportioned among the boroughs in equal numbers with the members of the board, and in each of these districts there is a local school board consisting of the member of the board of education who resides therein, a district superintendent assigned by the city superintendent and five other persons appointed by the president of the borough. The department of health is directed by a commissioner of the health, commissioner of police and the health officer of the port.' It is charged with the enforcement of all the sanitary laws, supervision of food supplies and the recording of statistics of marriages, births and deaths. The tenement house commissioner has charge of a building bureau, an inspection bureau and a bureau of records, of which the first examines plans for the lightino- and NO iCNS.

OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES ventilation of tenement houses, the second inspects all completed tenement houses and reports all violation of the tenement house laws, and the third maintains a record of every tenement house in the city. There is a municipal art commission consisting of the mayor, the president of the Metropolitan Museum of Public the Art, the president of the New York Library, one one president of the Brooklyn Institute, painter, three other residents of the sculptor, one architect and of become the of the city. No work art can property city the of by purchase, gift or otherwise without approval this commission. for four The president of each borough is elected years. He has power to appoint and to remove a commissioner of public works for his borough, who acts in many respects as his deputy. He has authority over the streets, rail- in roads, bridges, sewers, etc., in his borough, and the boroughs of Queens and Richmond the presidents also have supervision of street cleaning. In the office of each borough president there is a bureau of buildings, the head of which is appointed by the president, and which has general charge of the administration of the building laws. The entire city is divided into 25 districts of local improvements, in each of which there is a local board of improvement consisting of the president of the borough and those members of the board of aldermen who are within the district. These boards have power in all cases where the cost of the improvement is to be met wholly or partly by local assessments to initiate proceedings

31 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES for the construction of tunnels and bridges; for the for for the acquisition of land public purposes; opening, or other for closing or altering of streets public places; the construction of sewers; for the curbing and flagging of sidewalks and for the placing of street lamps and signs desio-natins the names of streets. The numerous bureaus and other subdivisions of the various departments and kinds all to make the system of local courts of various go up an administrative whole larger and more complex than that of most State governments in this Union and of many national governments throughout the world. Nor is it incongruous that this should be so. New most of our States and than York city is greater than many nations. The force of statistics is best perceived through to record that New York comparison. It is impressive had in 1910 a population of 4,766,883; that it is surpassed is far in all the world by London alone; and that it so ahead of all other cities in the United States or elsewhere in the world as to stand apart from them in a class of its own. Still more impressive is it to be reminded that this than entire State in this sino-le city is more populous any exceeds it Union excepting only four, of which one by a to only a few hundreds. Practically population equal that of the whole State of Ohio is gathered upon an area would which if compacted into an equilateral quadrangle miles In be only a trifle more than eighteen square. is more than twice as as all population New York great California, or Alabama, or Iowa, or Kentucky, or Minne-— sota, or North Carolina, or Tennessee, or Virginia

32 VV YORK ::2RARY

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/^' / OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES which once was the most populous state of the Union — or Wisconsin. It is greater than Massachusetts and Connecticut united. It is nearly twice as great as Georgia, the Empire State of the South. It is larger than the ffieantic State of Texas, with the two new States of Arizona and New IVIexico added. It is as large as all Ireland or of Scotland. It is larger than all the commonwealth Australia, or the kingdom of Bulgaria, or the republic of Peru. It is nearly as large as Holland and twice as large whole as Norway. It is larger by a million souls than the thirteen United States at the time of the achievement of our independence. It is larger today than the thirteen States and potential States of New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island, Delaware, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming, New Mexico and Arizona. At the time of the consolidation in 1898 the department of health estimated the population of the city at 3,438,899, divided among the boroughs as follows: Man- The hattan, 1,911,755 ; Brooklyn, 1,197,100 ; Bronx, The 137,075 ; Queens, 1''28,04''2 ; Richmond, 64,927. decennial growth of the city and of its component parts is shown in the following tables : New York Citt Year Population Gain Per cent, of Gain 1790 33,131 1800 60,515 27,834 82.7 1810 96,373 35,858 59.3 1820 123,706 27,333 28.4 1830 202,589 78,883 63.8 1840 312,710 110,121 54.4 1850 515,547 202,837 64.9 OFFICIAL NEW

OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES marked advance in public works and public utilities and in also the development of private enterprise. In that period three new bridges have been built across the East river and three tunnels under it, and also three tunnels under the North river. The whole subway system has been created and the railroad terminals have been transformed. The surface car lines for local transit have been " " largely rebuilt. The skyscraper system of building has transformed the appearance and enormously increased the the capacity and convenience of the city. Electric cabs and automobile vehicles of all kinds have come into general use. All these and many other things have contributed to the drawing to New York of people from all parts of the country and to the holding there of an increased proportion of the millions of immigrants who land at that port. A similar growth in business of all kinds has justified the expectation that municipal consolidation be of would immense practical benefit to the city. In one important respect, however, the high hopes which were entertained concerning the creation of the " " Greater New York lamentably failed. Perhaps it was too much to expect with reason that consolidation would result in reduction of expenses. That is usually the result of the consolidation of private enterprises. Indeed it is one of the chief arguments in favor of the formation of those great corporations which are called trusts. But a great city is seldom administered on strict business principles. In New York, at any rate, that rule of corporate combinations did not prove effective. Instead of

35 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES a reduction there was instantly an increase of expense. In the first year the budget of the consolidated metropolis was $15,000,000 more than those of its constituent parts had aggregated in the preceding year. In some degree this was caused by an increase of needed public service any by the extension of the utilities and advantages of the city proper to its outlying and semi-rural parts. In a larger desjree it was due to the increase of salaries and of the number of salaried officers. Year by year since then the increase has continued, and today the city of New York surpasses London and stands undisputedly the foremost city in the world in the size of its budget. The growth of the budget since consolidation is shown in this table:

1898 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES inclination to rise. It varies in different boroughs, but the increase is common to all. In I'JIO the rate on each thousand dolhirs was $17,579 in Manliattan and The Bronx, $18.14.99 in Brooklyn, $18.1079 in Queens and $18.7501 in Richmond.

The funded indebtedness of the city is likewise steadily and rapidly increasing, though of course the total is still the merest fraction of the value of the city's assets. The following figures from the Comptroller's reports show the increase in the last three years. The amounts given are those which existed on December 31 of each year : 1907 1908 1909 Gross funded debt $735,011,905.05 $808,433,984.09 ,$885,638,438.88 Deduct sinking fund 197,4;i7,164.0'2 210,4'>l,340.0i2 33^^,368,059.96

Net funded debt $537,577,801.03 $598,012,644.07 $653,270,378.92 Increase of net fiuided debt in 1908 $ 60,434,843.04 Increase of net funded debt in 1909 55,257,734.85 Increase for tlie two years 1908-09 115,692,577.89

Under the Constitution the city is not permitted to increase its debt beyond the limit of ten per cent, of the assessed valuation of real estate subject to taxation. The total assessed value of taxable realty in 1909 was $G,807.- 179,704, so that the debt limit was $680,717,970.40.

Much dispute and difficulty have arisen over the problem of determining the actual borrowing capacity of the city and appeals have been made to the Courts to determine the matter. According to the Comptroller's reports the gross bonded indebtedness at the end of 1909 was $946,- 005,728.88, from which was to be deducted certain bonds and sinking fund holdings, aggregating $372,253,750.86,

37 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

the con- leaving an indebtedness chargeable against stitutional borrowing capacity of the city of $573,751,- 978.02. There were also various contract liabilities, etc., of resting upon the city to the amount $57,860,675.17, and also cash balances in hand to the amount of $9,658,- 890.15. Reckoning these items, the total net indebtedness chargeable against the borrowing capacity of the city was ascertained to be $621,953,763.04 and the margin or actual borrowing capacity of the city above its existing indebtedness was $58,764,207.36. If the problems of municipal finance were thus left unsolved and indeed complicated and increased in serious- ness by the consolidation, that of satisfactory government also remained as far from an acceptable solution. The of the has not been alto- political condition city probably gether pleasing to either of the two great parties, each of which hoped so much from consolidation, and certainly not to non-partisan friends of good government. Graft has prevailed as much as ever, and each municipal campaign has been marked with demands for reform as strenuous as any which were heard in the days of the " Tweed Ring." Neither party has been able to establish itself confidently in control, and accordingly all the coali- tions and compromises and deals of old times have continued to be employed. As hitherto recalled, at the time when consolidation

was enacted the old city of New York had a Republican mayor, who had been elected through a fusion of Repub- Democrats had a licans and independent ; Brooklyn

66^ OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES straight Republican, and Long Island City a straight Democratic mayor. In the fall of 1897, two months before consolidation went into effect, an election was held for the first officials of the greater city. Instead of seeking fusion with the independent Democrats, as before, the " " Republicans nominated a straight party candidate, Benjamin F. Tracy; inany independent Republicans and Democrats, calling themselves the Citizens' Union, nominated Seth Low; and the regular Democrats, under the lead of Tammany Hall, nominated Robert A. Van Wyck. The result was that Mr. Van Wyck carried each of the boroughs and was elected by a plurality in the whole city of 82,457 over Mr. Low, Mr. Tracy being third in the race. The vote was as follows :

Be OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES and other great enterprises. Serious scandals arose in the police department, however, and dissatisfaction with the administration became so great as to induce another fusion movement, which proved successful. The Repub- licans and Citizens' Union united upon Seth Low as their candidate in 1901, while the Democrats nominated Edward M. Shepard, an anti-Tammany man and leader of the reform wing of his party. Mr. Low's associates on the ticket, candidates for comptroller and president of the board of aldermen, were Democrats, and they ran con- siderably ahead of him at the polls. He was, however, elected by a plurality of 31,632, the vote being: Boroughs OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Boroughs OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Scattering votes were: Algernon Lee, Socialist, 11,817; James C. Crawford, Prohibitionist, 729; John J.

Kinneally, Socialist Labor, 2,276. Mr. Hearst at once challenged the correctness of the counting of the votes, and after a protracted contest in the Courts a recount was made, and more than a year and a half after the election, on June 30, 1907, Mr. McClellan was confirmed in his election by the reduced plurality of 2,971. Mr. McClellan's second term expired with the year 1909, and in the fall of that year the fifth contest for the mayoi'alty of the consolidated metropolis occurred. The Republicans nominated Otto T. Bannard and the Demo- crats nominated William J. Gaynor, a justice of the Supreme Court of the State who had in former years been conspicuous as an opponent of corrupt machine politics. Mr. Hearst was again a candidate on the ticket of his own organization, then known as the Civic Alliance. The result was the election of Mr. Gaynor by a plurality of 73,074 over Mr. Bannard, Mr. Hearst standing third. But as the Republicans and Civic Alliance united on candidates for comptroller and president of the board of aldermen, their candidates for those places were elected by large pluralities. The vote for mayor was as follows:

Boroughs yj l/la^^^ 2 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Scattering votes at this election were: Edwin F. Cassidy, Socialist, 11,768; Alfred L. Manierrc, Prohibi- tionist, 866; James T. Hunter, Socialist Labor, 1,256; Cornelius Donovan, Eight-Hour League, 104. Turning from ballots to dollars and from elections to commerce, the unapproachable supremacy of New York above all other American cities is impressively shown in trade, manufactures and finance. Although if put into a square New York would have a periphery of only about 75 miles, owing to its peculiar geographical position it has a waterfront of no less than 4-1-t miles, includino- that small part of the New Jersey shore which is included within the customs district of the port of New York. The major part of this frontage is upon water deep enough to afford access to the largest vessels. Naturally, therefore. New York ranks with London, Liverpool and Hamburg as one of the greatest shipping ports of the world. About half of the foreign trade of the United States passes through its sea gate and about three-quarters of the ocean passenger traffic seeks the same channel. In 1909 the total value of the city's foreign commerce was $1,521,966,090, the number of passengers arriving there from foreign lands was 843,597, and the net registered tonnage of shipping was 12,500,000 tons, or more than that of any other port in the world.

New York is not commonly spoken of as a distinctively manufacturing city. Indeed, manufacturing is not its predominant characteristic. Yet it is in fact by far the greatest manufacturing city in America. It has

43 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

nearly 21,000 industrial establishments, with a capital of more than one billion dollars, or one-tenth the total

industrial capital of the United States, and with nearly 600,000 employees, receiving $370,000,000 a year in wages.

That is to say, in number of manufactories, in amount of

industrial capital, and in value of manufactured products, New York surpasses not only any other city in the United States but also any entire State with the exceptions of Pennsylvania and, of course. New York State itself. In finance New York stands with London, Paris

and Berlin as one of the four great money markets of the world. The bank resources of the world are estimated at nearly forty-six billion dollars, of which more than seventeen and a half billions are in the United States and more than four and a half billions are in New York City; so that nearly one-tenth of the entire money power or banking resources of the world is concentrated there. The total stock of money in the United States in 1908 was $3,378,800,000. Of this $1,362,900,000 was held in banks as a reserve fund, and of this latter sum $493,000,000 was in the banks of New York — nearly one-sixth of the entire cash of the nation. The New York Clearing House transactions in 1909 were as follows: Exchanges, $99,257,662,411; balances, $4,194,484,028; total, $103,-

452,156,439. The average daily transactions were $340,303,113.

As a center of education New York outranks all other

American cities and with three or four possible exceptions all others in the world. It contains three universities, of

4-1.

OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES which one is probably the richest in the world, and nine colleges, with more than 1,300 instructors and about l'-2,000 students. There are also four theological semi- naries, five law schools, ten medical schools, three schools of fine art, five schools of music, one veterinary college, and one school of commerce, finance and accounts. The number of students in all the institutions of higher education approximates 40,000. For free public school education, ranging from kindergarten to college, the city spends nearly thirty million dollars a year. In the machinery and transactions of transit and communication New York easily surpasses every city save London alone. In 1909 the number of its passengers on local transportation lines, surface, elevated and underground, was 1,714,000,000, or one-third of a million more than that of London itself. Its telephone system comprises more than a million miles of underground wires, 39 buildings, 56 central offices, nearly 17,000 employees and about 370.000 instruments. London has only 140,000 instruments. The average daily number of calls on the telephones in New York is more than 1,6''27,000. The New York postoffice serves only the two boroughs of Manhattan and The Bronx, Brooklyn and the other parts of the city having separate offices. Yet the business of the New York office approximates that of London and far exceeds that of any other city. In 1909 it handled 1,306,078,770 letters and issued and cashed money orders aggregating $139,000,000. The net receipts of the office were nearly one-tenth of the entire postal receipts of the United States.

45 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

As a city of hotels New York is easily supreme, even

London and Paris falling far behind it. There are in the borough of Manhattan alone no fewer than 215 hotels, containing more than 50 rooms each. These employ 42,000 persons in their various operations and give accommodations to 53,000 guests, and the cost of conducting them is estimated at $55,000,000 a year. The park system of New York comprises 175 parks, 4 plazas and 35 parkways, covering 7,500 acres of land and valued at more than $500,000,000. Among its 43 bridges are four of the largest in the world, and three of these are crossed by nearly 600,000 passengers daily. As a publishing center New York far surpasses every other American

city; more than one-fourth of all the books, magazines and newspapers of the United States are published there. Among them are 75 daily newspapers in all the important languages of the world. The various periodicals are printed in more than 20 different languages and their total circulation is more than forty millions.

The daily operations of the great city in the routine transactions of life are so colossal as to bewilder the mind.

Every five minutes a child is born, every six minutes a person dies, every thirteen minutes there is a marriage and every eight hours there is a divorce. Every hour there is a fatal accident of some kind. Every ten hours there is a suicide and every two seconds an arrest for some

cause is made by the police. Every three minutes five persons arrive on steamships and every four seconds three arrive by railroad. While it is the unrivalled

46 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES metropolis of the western hemisphere, New York is also the chief cosmopolis of the world. In no other city are there so many aliens of so many races and nations. The census returns of 1910 are not yet analyzed. In 1900, however, New York contained no fewer than 2,643,957 persons of foreign parentage, of whom 786,435 were German, 725,511 Irish, 245,525 Russian, 218,918 Italian, 204,109 English and Scotch, 113,237 Austrian, 53,469 Polish, 52,430 Hungarian, 29,441 French, and 44,798 Swedish. Of these persons nearly one half, or 1,270,080, were not merely of foreign parentage but also actually of foreign birth, and of these 322,343 were German, 275,102 Irish, 155,201 Russian, 145,433 ItaHan, 71,427 Austrian, 68,836 English, 31,516 Hungarian, 28,320 Swedish, 25,231 Polish, 19,399 Canadians, 19.836 Scotch, 15,055 Bohemians, 14,755 French and 11,387 Norwegians. To such a city all things are possible. The achievements of a dozen years have been colossal, though they still lag far behind the vision of the founder, and they are infinitesimal when contrasted with the promise and the potency of the dozen centuries to come. Prophecy is vain, yet it was not perhaps without significance that the " " consolidated metropolis in 1898 was called Greater New York. The comparative degree is not definitive.

On the contrary, it directly suggests the possibility of a " " superlative. What the Greatest New York may be is not to be forecast. But even as these words are written a strong movement is in progress for the incorporation of much more if not the whole of Westchester county into

47 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

the metropolis. That would be logical and practical. The cities at the lower end of that county abut upon New York and are divided from it by a purely arbitrary line, while the rural regions further north have been so invaded and so much of their area has been acquired by the city for water supply purposes that the annexation of the whole would be merely the completion of the work which has been going forward for many years. With the addition to the city of that whole region — in hill and plain, in lake and woodland, in river and Sound, one of the loveliest in all the land — New York would have suburban envii'ons, at the north at least, which would be comparable in charm with those of any city in any land. Extending integrally from the highlands of the Hudson to the Atlantic ocean, " " the Greater New York might well be the greatest city of the world.

48 CHAPTER II

Onondaga County

By Alexander H. Cowie

year 1883 seems to be, not only in respect to THEtime but also as to events, an appropriate date at which to commence a pohtical history of Onondaga county for a period substantially coincident with the lives of the youngest generation of voters. While there are no marked differences in the respective characters, methods or policies of the local branches of the two great political parties for the period after that year, as compared with that before, it does mark a time when a very great change was beginning to make itself apparent nationally. In 1882, Grover Cleveland, as a result of the dissen- sions existing in the Republican party, had been elected Governor of the State of New York by the Democratic party. The high character of the Governor, as shown by his official acts and by his attitude upon public questions, quickly caused his party to be looked upon as the party of reform, and when he received the Democratic nomination for President in 1884, the ordinary voting strength of his party was increased by the accession of thousands who believed that the Democrats, under INIr.

49 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Cleveland as President, would put an end to the great and varied abuses which, as they believed, existed as a result of twenty-four years of continuous Republican rule. This independent element was sufficient to elect Mr. Cleveland to the Presidency, and, under the various names which have been given its component members by friend and foe, such as reformers, mugwumps, progressives or insur- to exercise gents, it has ever since continued a political influence, which, as a body, it did not possess prior to that time. The Democratic rule was, hoAvever, for only four fear of years, the party being defeated by an apparent the business calamities which it was charged would be the result of the reduction of tariffs under the policy commonly referred to at that time as free trade. Ben- jamin Harrison, a Republican, was elected to succeed Cleveland, and after he had served one term Cleveland was again elected in 1892. The dift'erences of opinion which developed in the Democratic party in regard to a monetary standard split the party so badly that for the next sixteen years Republican Presidents were elected with comparative ease, and McKinley, in 1896 and 1900, Roosevelt, in 1904, and Taft, in 1908, each had large pluralities in the Electoral College. For about ten years after Mr. Cleveland resigned the office of Governor of the State to become President of the United States, Iiis party, under the leadership of David B. Hill, remained in power in the State. Governor Cleveland resigned in January. 1885 and Mr. Hill, who was Lieutenant Gover- nor, filled out the balance of his term and was elected

50 OFFICIAL NEAV YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Governor in 1885 and 1888. Roswell P. Flower, also a Democrat, was elected Governor in 1891. The Repub- licans elected Levi P. ^lorton Governor in 1894, over Mr.

Hill, and retained possession of that office and most of

the other State offices until January 1, 1911. To enter upon a detailed history of the part which Onondaga county took in these various campaigns would be tedious. The vote in the county in the different cam-

paigns showed that the influences and policies which caused the vote of the two great parties to rise and fall

in the various political battles in the State and in the Nation had corresponding local effects. Leaders and bosses, as they were variously styled by friends and enemies, took to themselves such degrees of credit for the results obtained as their respective vanity or modesty suggested, but the great increase in the Repub- lican vote in the county in the Presidential campaigns of 1896, 1900 and 1904 was a feature common to the vote

of the party in every county in the State, and showed that the people of the county, like those of the rest of the State, were strongly inclined to believe in the soundness of the position of the Republican party on the money question. It is not to be inferred, however, that the Republican organization of the county during these campaigns was weak, or its efforts to bring success to its candidates feeble. For a number of years prior to

1901 the party had been split into two factions, which fought each other with the bitterness which usually characterizes a of fight between members the same political

51 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

party. These factions were known as the Hiscoek- Hendricks faction and the Belden faction. The former had Ex-United States Senator Frank Hiscock, one of the leaders of the bar of the State and then and later prominent and influential in State and National affairs, for its nominal head, but was really led by Francis Hen- dricks, with the able counsel and assistance of numerous other Republicans, who however, as time went by, and Mr. Hendricks' aptitude for political management was given an opportunity to display itself, were gradually, and perhaps, while the process was going on, uncon- sciously, relegated from the position of counselors to the leader to that of mere members of his machine. At the head of the other faction was James J. Belden, a wealthy

contractor, who had formerly been the close political associate of Mr. Hiscock. For a number of years these

two factions fought each other fiercely, and charges were frequently and freely made that the one unsuccessful in the contest within its own party sometimes aided the Democratic party at the polls to defeat the candidates of the faction which had been successful, and it is beyond dispute that the Belden party for several years maintained a separate political machine and placed candidates in nomination in opposition to the regular Republican nominees or endorsed those named by the Democratic party. After Mr. Belden, about 1898, ceased to interest himself in local politics no one appeared within his organization with the disposition and ability to keep it alive, and its members were gradually absorbed by the

52 r>iuuoi^ x/{/i>u/l^c-/^ OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Hendricks wing, as it now began to be called, and when this process was complete, the latter, in 1901, entered upon a period of ten years of substantially unbroken success. The Democratic party also had its rival leaders whose jealousies sometimes brought defeat to its candidates, and the fights were bitter between the Ryan-Jenney faction, of which Thomas Ryan was the leader and Col. Edwin S. Jenney the spokesman, and the element led by Henry J. Mowry and William B. Kirk. In 1895, James K. INIcGuire secured the Democratic nomination for Mayor, and, as the Republican vote was divided between two candidates, was elected. He speedily made himself the leader of both of the old Democratic factions, and for upwards of ten years was the undisputed master of the Democratic party locally. As the great stream of national politics rolled on, the eddies and ripples of local strife, insignificant as they appear in perspective, were of greater interest to the people of the county because of their closer contact therewith, and local political history consists largely of the record of the fortunes and misfortunes of the factions which we have described.

Under normal conditions the Republican vote during the last twenty-five years has always been strongly pre- in dominant the county, while the city has usually been regarded as debatable ground. The result has been that the affairs of the county have with few exceptions been administered by the Republicans, while the control of the city has often been with the Democrats.

53 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

In 1883, Mr. Hiscock was active in the Republican leadership, and while outward appearances indicated that a state of substantial harmony prevailed within the party, there were many members who, disapproving of local policies and disappointed of expected rewards for political service, had not yet become so numerous or as a whole evolved such an organization as to justify describing them as a faction. The only issue at stake in the fall campaign was that of the offices and the fight was hottest in the second Assembly district, where Mr. Hendricks and Daniel Candee were the opposing candidates for the Assembly. Mr. Hendricks won by the small majority of 372, and in January, 1884, began a period of legislative service, first as Assemblyman and then as Senator, at the end of which he had become an important figure in

State politics. In the earlier years of the period covered by this sketch Syracuse elected its Mayor in the spring for a term of one year. In 1884, the Ryan-Jenney element were victorious in the Democratic caucuses and that party presented Mayor Thomas Ryan, who had been elected in 1883, as its candidate for a second term, and if the Mowry faction were not enthusiastic in Mr. Ryan's support, it made no organized effort to beat him. An open split appeared in the Republican ranks, however, and its vote was divided between two candidates, Willis B. Burns and Wilbur S. Peck, the latter being regarded as the representative of those who as a body were called the reform element. Mr. Ryan won easily, receiving

54 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

5,272 votes against 3,550 for Mr. Burns and 3,150 for

Mr. Peck. In the fall, Mr. Hiscock was re-elected to

Congress, where he had already served twice, and Mr. Hendricks was again elected to the Assembly by a majority of 1,339, almost three times that of the previous year. In this campaign Charles Andrews was re-elected as an Associate Judge of the Court of Appeals. In 1885 the troubles in the Republican party had progressed to an acute stage. The Hiscock or Hiscock-Hendricks winw of the party, as it began to be called as Mr. Hendricks grew more prominent, was in control of the party machinery and nominated Austin C. Chase, a manufacturer and gentleman of merit and ability, for Mayor, while the Democrats put forward Mayor Ryan for a third term. Many prominent friends of Mr. Belden appeared in open opposition to Mr. Chase, and it was further charged that " if elected he would institute a reform administration," which implied merely that he would enforce the excise and police statutes instead of conniving at their non- observance. As a result, Mr. Chase was beaten by a majority of less than two hundred votes and Mr. Ryan became Mayor for a third term, a distinction which up to that time had never been granted to an occupant of the office. In the fall campaign for the election of county officers and local representatives to the Legislature, the Hiscock-Hendricks and Belden wings had a drawn battle. Mr. Hendricks was nominated for State Senator and elected over Robert McCarthy by a majority of 4,141. Thomas R. O'Neil, one of Mr. Belden's friends,

55 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

was nominated for and elected sheriff, while J. Emmet Wells, who became county clerk, was regarded as a friend of Mr. Hiscock and Mr. Hendricks. In this campaign there appeared as a candidate for oflBce for the first time a man whose name later became as familiar as that of any who ever entered local politics. Frank Matty ran on the Democratic ticket in the first Assembly district for member of Assembly and was beaten by Wallace Tappan, of Baldwinsville, by a small majority, after a very hard fight. The Democratic party, confident in his abilities as a campaigner, again presented Mayor Ryan as a candidate for Mayor in the spring of 1886, but he was defeated by Willis B. Burns, whose term, in accordance with an amendment to the city charter, lasted two years, as have all mayoralty terms since that time. In this election the city water supply became a political issue and continued to be for several years thereafter. For a number of years prior to 1886 the water supply of the city had been furnished by the Syracuse City Water Works Company, " usually referred to in the water controversies as The Old Company." The water which it furnished came mostly from Onondaga Creek, and in 1884 the company had made a contract with the city under which it was to furnish water for the next three years. In 1885, a competitor appeared in the Central City Water Works Company, and a franchise for a period of twenty years was granted to it by the Common Council, providing that it supplied water from a source which was acceptable to the people

OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVP:LAND TO HUGHES

obtained an of the city. The old company thereupon further injunction restraining the city from proceeding with the new company, and, while the two rivals were struggling for the advantage, a movement was set afoot by a group of public-spirited citizens for the establishment of a water system to be owned and operated by the city. These three projects were being vigorously pushed by their respective advocates when the campaign for the election of Mayor in the spring of 1886 opened. It was understood that Mayor Ryan favored the success of the Central City Water Works Company, and as a result the friends of the old company and those who wished that the city should own its own water system were against him, and he was beaten by Mr. Burns by the comparatively large majority of 1,912. In the fall, the Hiscock- Hendricks element predominated in the various conventions, and the candidates which it selected for the various positions on the Republican ticket were easily elected. Lawrence T. Jones became district attorney, and Hector B. Johnson of Cicero, Alfred E. Stacey of Elbridge, and Thomas McCarthy of Syracuse were elected members of Assembly in the first, second and third districts respectively. In 1887, INIr. Hendricks was elected for a second term as Senator and James J. Belden was elected to Con- gress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Frank Hiscock, who had been elected to the Senate of the United States. The Republicans elected Edward Drake as county treasurer and all three of the Assemblymen, the

57 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES former being regarded as a friend of Mr. Belden's and all three of the latter as partisans of Mr. Hendricks. In 1888, the Republicans again presented Austin C. Chase as its candidate for Mayor against William B. Kirk, the Democratic nominee. It was again charged against Mr. Chase that he would enforce the police and excise statutes, if elected, and the votes of those who " were in favor of a »" liberal administration were cast in favor of Mr. Kirk to such an extent that he was elected

by a small majority. During Mr. Kirk's term the project to supply the city with water from Skaneateles Lake took definite form. His administration was strongly in favor of this enterprise, and, working in harmony with Senator Hendricks and the Republican members of the Assembly from the county, was successful in the effort to secure the

legislation necessary to enable the city to use the waters of the lake and provide funds for the consti'uction of the water system. The struggle in the Legislature to pass the water bill was followed by another in the Courts to

establish its constitutionality, in which the city was again successful. Thereafter, bonds were issued to meet the

cost and the water system was speedily put in process of construction. James J. Belden was this year elected to a full term in Congress and the Hendricks organization nominated and elected Hector B. Johnson sheriff and the Assemblymen in all three of the districts. The follow-

ing year was of little importance from a political point of view. Mr. Hendricks was again elected senator, Theodore E. Hancock district attorney, and Howard G.

OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

White, Willis B. Burns and Ignatius Sawmiller, assemblymen. In 1890, the Democrats renominated ]Mayor Kirk and the Republicans put forward William Cowie as their candidate. Mr. Cowie was regarded as a member of in the Hendricks organization, which had succeeded William A. putting him in nomination against Sweet, who was the candidate of the Belden branch of the party. At the outset of the campaign there appeared to be no doubt that Mayor Kirk would be re-elected. He w^as effort on personally popular and there was an organized of Belden to cut the part of some of the followers Mr. Mr. Cowie. The Republicans based their campaign of upon charges of extravagance in the management of municipal affairs and lax management of the finances hot battle Mr. Cowie was elected the city, and after a very by a majority of 808, w hich was, to a considerable extent, attributable to his great popularity with the German citizens throughout the wards of the north side of the elected to and city. Mr. Belden was again Congress the members of Assembly were Howard G. White, William Kennedy and Ignatius Sawmiller. The year 1891 was marked by great excitement in the local politics. The feeling which existed between Hendricks and Belden factions had become so intense

that the latter openly sought to bring about the defeat of all of the candidates regularly nominated by the party for the county offices and for Senator and members of Assembly, all of whom were regarded as adherents of Mr. Hendricks. The general situation was such as to

59 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

afford an unusual chance for success in such an enterprise. The Democratic party was in control of the State government and the party had the benefit of skillful and aggressive leadership. The candidates nominated by the Republicans, while all men against whom nothing could be urged as to their integrity or ability to fill the offices to which they had been respectively nominated, were, in several instances, entirely devoid of any of the personal popularity which, to some extent, should be among the qualifications possessed by a candidate for a political office. At this time the counties of Onondaga and Cortland constituted one Congressional district and one Senatorial district. Mr. Belden was Congressman, and as a necessary consequence, if fairness was to mark the

political relationsliip between the two counties, it was deemed proper that a citizen of Cortland should be selected as the candidate for Senator. Rufus T. Peck, of

the village of Cortland, was therefore nominated. The Hendricks organization, through its control of the party conventions, presented John A. Hoxsie as a candidate for sherift' and DeForest Settle for county clerk, and for member of Assembly, in the first district, David A. Munro, of Camillus. Realizing that the bitterness which existed between the Republican factions gave it an unusual opportunity to elect its candidates to some or all of the local offices, the Democratic organization put in nomination an unusually strong ticket. John A. Nichols, of the town of DeWitt, a member of one of the old families of the county, and well and favorably known himself, was

60 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

S. opposed to Mr. Peck. Pliillij) Ryder, a respected and popular resident of Syracuse, was presented for sheriff, and Robert E. Dorchester, an old-time Democrat from INIarcellus, for county clerk. As a candidate for member of Assembly against Mr. INIunro appeared Patrick J. Ryan, at that time a comparatively unknown young lawyer, who, however, proved himself to be an effective campaigner. The result of the struggle was disastrous to the Republican party. Mr. Nichols was elected Senator and INIr. Ryan Assemblyman. This was attended with very serious consequences. The vote of Mr. Nichols gave the Democrats a majority in the upper branch of the Legis- lature in 1892, and Mr. Ryan's vote, with that of several other Democratic Assemblymen elected from districts nominally Republican, gave the Democrats control of the lower branch. Being thus in complete control of the Executive and Leo-islative branches of the State government, the Democrats made such good use of their opportunity that they had majorities in both parts of the Legis- lature in the succeeding year, and elected Edward ]Murphy, of jr., Troy, to the Senate of the United States, to succeed Frank Hiscock. The battle for sheriff between Mr. Hoxsie and Mr. Ryder was so close that it depended upon the of the in determination Courts reference to the validity of the votes cast in certain election districts, and after a long contest Mr. Hoxie succeeded in retaining the office. Mr. Settle was elected county clerk by a comparatively small majoi-ity, which he obtained largely upon his own

61 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES personal popularity, without whicli the contest for this office would have undoubtedly been as close as that for sheriff. In the second and third Assembly districts, the Republican candidates, William Kennedy and Adam C. Listman, were elected. Edgar P. Glass was elected surrogate by a large majority. Although the administration of Mayor Cowie had been very satisfactory to the city from a business point of view, he was not renominated by his party in 1892. This was due to his attitude upon the question of whether the excise law should be enforced or not. Although a man of liberal views, Mr. Cowie, when the question presented itself, decided to enforce the law, and it was thought by those responsible for the management of the affairs of his party that his attitude in this respect might have alienated a sufficient number of the party's friends to result in its defeat. Jacob Amos was therefore nominated, and defeated George Penn, the Democratic nominee.

The election of Peter B. McLennan as a justice of the Court was one of the events of Supreme important I 1892. Mr. Belden succeeded to another term in Conofress and Benjamin J. Shove was elected district attorney. The Democrats again succeeded in capturing the first Assembly district, the Republican candidate, David A.

Munro, jr., being defeated by Duncan W. Peck. Jona- than Wyckoff, of Onondaga, and William H. Hotaling, of Fabius, both friends of Mr. Belden, were elected to the Assembly from the second and third districts.

OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

In the fall of 1893, Theodore E. Hancock, who liad been district attorney of the county, was placed in nomination on the Republican ticket for the office of Attorney General of the State, and was, with the other candidates on the ticket, elected. At this time the Belden wing of the Republican party was in control of the county organization and also that of the Senatorial district, which was now composed of Onondaga and Madison counties. Charles W. Stapleton, of Madison, was nominated for State Senator and elected over John A. Nichols, who had been renominated for the office by the Democrats for a second term. Mr. Belden's friends also succeeded in electing Hubbard Manzer county treasurer, and re-electing Mr. Wyckoff and ^Ir. Ilotaling in their respective Assembly districts. The municipal campaign for Mayor in 1894 resulted in one of the hottest political fights which ever took place the of in the city. The Republican party, organization which, in the city, was at this time in the hands of the friends of Mr. Belden, nominated Jay B. Kline for the office. The Democrats nominated Duncan W. Peck. The methods which had characterized the administration of the affairs of the Republican party by Mr. Belden and his friends had caused great dissatisfaction among all members of the party except those concerned in the management and those bound to them by interest, or sympathizing with any measures aimed at jNIr. Hendricks and his friends. The excellence of the administration as to of the affairs of the city by Mayor Amos was such OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES meet with the general approval of the members of his own party and of the independent voters, and he became a candidate for re-election. Such measures, however, were publicly taken by those in control of the organization that it became clearly apparent that force and fraud were to be used to prevent his renomination. At a meeting of the city committee, held for the purpose of providing for holding the caucuses, resolutions were adopted by which the Mayor was deprived of the privilege of naming a single inspector at any caucus in any ward of the city, and of the right to name watchers at any caucus. The power to determine when, after the expiration of one hour, the caucuses severally should close was committed to the inspectors in the different wards, who were all in the Belden interest, so that the polls might be suddenly closed or kept indefinitely open, as best suited the purposes of those who were in control of them. The intention thus clearly expressed to control the caucuses, regardless of the means employed, aroused general indignation. The friends of the Mayor, led by Charles E. Ide, Horace White, WiUiam Cowie, Daniel Crichton and others, advised that an independent ticket be placed in nomination. Mr. Hendricks, hesitating over the future consequences of such a step, if the result should be a failure to elect the ticket, was reluctant to give his consent to the plan, and without this it could not be undertaken. He was finally persuaded to approve the movement and a " city ticket, called the Republican Independent," was nominated, with Mayor Amos at the head as a candidate

64 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

for re-election. At the outset of the campaign no other result seemed possible than the division of the vote of the Republican party between INIr. Amos and jMr. Kline to such an extent that the Democi-atic candidate would of receive a plurality of the votes cast. The friends Mr. Amos, however, put forth tremendous efforts to bring about his election, and the result was that he won over

both of his competitors, beating Mr. Peck by the small margin of 228 votes and Mr. Kline by 2,885 votes. One of the consequences of this struggle was to focus attention on the State of the laws regulating party caucuses and conventions and proceedings generally, and legislation soon followed which prevented the recurrence of many of the evils and abuses which had formerly been common throughout the State. The year 1894 is also memorable for the spasmodic effort which the Prohibition party made to elect one of its members to the office of county clerk. The Repub- lican party put in nomination James Butler, a veteran of the Civil War and a man of great personal popularity. The Democratic party nominated Philip E. Gooley, a young man who also possessed great personal popularity and resided in the west end of the city of Syracuse. Henry

H. Gurley of the city was nominated on the Prohibition ticket. It was anticipated that Mr. Gurley would draw most of his strength from the Republican candidate, and great hopes were entertained by the Democratic party that Mr. Gooley would be elected to the important office for which he was a candidate. These expectations were

65 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES disappointed, however, and Mr. Butler was elected, receiving 13,905 votes against 12,535 received by Mr. Gooley and 6,059 received by Mr. Gurley. At this election Theodore L. Poole, a staunch supporter of the Hiscock-Hendricks wing of the party, received the nomination for member of Congress and was elected. Oscar F. Austin, another Hendricks man, was elected sheriff, and still another, William M. Ross, was elected county judge. The Hendricks organization also made a complete sweep of the Assembly districts and elected Charles R. Rogers of Cicero in the first, Charles C. Cole, of Elbridge, in the second, and Levi S Chapman, of Syra- cuse, in the third. Theodore E. Hancock was renominated and re- elected to the office of Attorney General in 1895, and Irving G. Vann received the renomination and re-election to the office of Justice of the Supreme Court. In the campaign of this year, Horace White for the first time appeared as a candidate for public office and was elected Senator over Phillip S. Ryder, the Democratic candidate, by a normal majority. Jay B. Kline was elected district attorney and the Hendricks organization again was victorious— in all four of the Assembly districts of the county Charles C. Cole being elected in the first, Charles R. Rogers in the second, Joseph Bondy in the third, and Edwin M. Wells in the fourth. By far the most important event in this year, so far as local politics were concerned, was the advent of James K. McGuire as a factor in the affairs of the Democratic party. By

66 TT-'.-- N'C''

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qjetmnrJ^o sn'Eg bits J83Tol OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES an act of the the Legislature practice of electinp; the mayors of Syracuse in the spring had been discontinued, and commencing with this year local city oflBcers have since been elected on the general election day in November. Mr. McGuire had been known in Syracuse for a number of years as an exceptionally well-read young man, who was of capable delivering an entertaining and instructive address on whatever subject to which he chose to devote his attention. He had not, however, been seriously regarded as a political force. During the summer of 1895 suggestions were heard now and then that the time was opportune for the Democratic party to shelve some of the men who had in previous years been the recipients of such political honors as it had to bestow, and to bring forward some of its younger members as candidates for the city offices. Acting on these suggestions, Mr. McGuire and his friends carried on a quiet canvass, and when the Democratic city convention assembled it was found to the surprise of some of those who had long been influential in its management, that Mr. McGuire had a majority of the votes, and he was accordingly nominated for the office of Mayor. The regular Republican nominee was Charles F. Saul, and the Belden wing of the Republican party put in nomination Charles G. Baldwin as an independent candidate. The result was that Mr. McGuire was elected and the control of the city was turned over to the Democratic party for the next six years, as he received two renominations for the office and in each instance was re-elected.

67 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

There was no one left within the ranks of Mr.

Belden's followers possessing the ability to direct and means to support an independent political organization or an active faction within the Republican party, and his various lieutenants gradually drifted into the ranks of the regular Democratic or Republican organizations. Some of the Republicans among them renewed the ties which they had broken when they joined their political fortunes to those of Mr. Belden, and returned to the organization from which they had come. Others, no doubt feeling that their sins were too heavy to be for- given, affected to embrace the faith of their ancient enemies and enrolled themselves witliin the ranks of the

Democratic party. Whichever way they bent their steps, they disappeared, as political factors, so completely, that a stranger to the events of our local history prior to 1900 may study the results of all subsequent campaigns and find nothing to suggest that as a political entity they once had an existence. Michael E. DriscoU was elected to Cono-ress in 1898, to succeed Mr. Belden, and Horace White was re-elected senator over Duncan W. Peck. Jay B. Kline was elected district attorney over Martin F. Dillon. William G. Cottle, now a regular Republican, and Edward G. Ten Eyck, Edward B. Sabine and John T. Delaney were elected assemblymen in the four Assembly districts.

In 1899, AVilliam S. Andrews was elected justice of the Supreme Court and Irving Coonley, county treasurer.

70 I the: n'e

OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

The Republicans also succeeded in electing their members of Assembly in all of the districts except the second, where William Herrick, of Cicero, defeated Robert Moore, of Pompey. In this campaign Mayor INIcGuire was renominated by his party, and won his third fight for the office of Mayor over Theodore E. Hancock, the Republi- can nominee.

In the year 1900 there was only one candidate presented by the Republicans for each office to be filled, and the result was a sweeping success. Congressman Driscoll, Senator White and County Judge Ross were re-elected to their respective offices, Charles W. Marvin, of Bald- winsville, was elected sheriff, and James E. Hubbell, of

Syracuse, county clerk, and Edward V. Baker, Frederick D. Traub, Martin L. Cadin and Fred W. Hammond were elected assemblymen. The year 1901 witnessed one of the fiercest political battles in the history of the city. The Hendricks organization, being in control of the Republican party machinery, pi-esented, somewhat reluctantly, but out of a desire to do the best thing from a political standpoint. Jay B. Kline as the party candidate for mayor. Mayor McGuire, apparently much against his will, was forced to accept the Democratic nomination. The Democrats, under his leadership, had so often defeated the Republican candidate for the office of mayor, that the latter party entered upon the campaign with fear for the outcome. It was apparent, however, to all impartial observers that a great change had taken place in the attitude of the public

71 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES toward Mayor McGuire, and the result of the poll fully justified the confidence which the friends of Mr. Kline had in him as a candidate. He received 13,167 votes against 11,749 for Mayor McGuire, who retired on January 1, 1902, after having served six years, the longest period for which any one up to that time had ever held the office of mayor. Mayor McGuire's administrations were liberal and the expenses of running the city increased at an unusual rate. For some time, and in various ways, such as raising assessed valuations of real estate and issuing bonds to pay for things the cost of which was usually included in the annual budget, the truth of this fact was obscured, and when he ran for his tliird term his popularity was as great as ever. During this term, however, the people began to ap- preciate that there was a large deficit to be met, and that many other of the abuses existed which have a tendency to spring up when one man or one party has an unusually long term of power. The accumulated griev- ances of those whom the Mayor during his long term had been obliged to disappoint also began to bulk largely, and he undoubtedly lost a large number of votes of those who had been disappointed in their expectations of honor or profit during his terms. These facts, together with the unity which now prevailed among the Republicans, were the main reasons for the election of Mayor Kline. The only other offices of importance filled at this election were those of district attorney and members of Assembly in the various districts, and the Republicans were successful

^ OFFICIAL NEW YORK FKOAI CLEVELAND TO HUGHES in all of these contests, electing William L. Barnum district attorney, and James F. Williams, of Baldwins- ville, Frederick W'. Traub, Martin L. Cadin and Fred W. Hammond, of Syracuse, to the Assembly. Within a short time after Mayor McGuire retired from office he formed business connections which kept him away from Syracuse substantially all of his time, and at a little later period he removed his residence from Syra- cuse to the vicinity of New York City, where he has since resided. As he gradually severed the ties which bound him to Syracuse, and the Democratic party within it, the chaotic condition that so frequently characterizes an organization, business or political, which finds itself of deprived an ability which it has grown to respect, or freed from an authority which it was accustomed to obey, developed within his party, and its troubles have been a source of glee and its failures a cause for rejoicing to its old time foe. When the ex-Mayor surrendered the cap- taincy, some who would could not and some who could would not lead. Forgetting the fact that no man, however he may secure it, retains authority only in so far as he proves himself equal to his responsibility, and that as a necessary consequence political leadership possessing any qualities of permanency is evolved as a result of a struggle in which he who obtains it demonstrates that he has within him the qualities which the common consent of people agrees are requisite to a successful conduct of the undertaking, there were those who thought that they could take and hold Mayor ]McGuire's place because

73 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES temporary conditions seemed to give them the power to do so. As the aspirations of these clashed one with another, party harmony disappeared and for several years the history of the Democratic party locally is nothing but a record of bitter disputes over petty things. Some one, no doubt, and he may be of those now in the fight, in the course of these troubles will so conduct himself that he will gradually impress those who wish Democratic success that he possesses the necessary honesty, intelli- gence, patience and tact to make a party leader, but while the process has been and is working itself out, the Republican party has enjoyed, and until it develops similar conditions, will continue to enjoy, a great local pohtical prosperity. There was little interest in the campaign of 1902 except in regard to judicial nominees. Congressman DriscoU and Senator White and all four of the assemblymen were re-elected and Alfred E. Stacey, of Elbridge, was elected county treasurer. Among the offices contended for at this time was that of justice of the Supreme Court for the fifth judicial district, of which Onondaga county was a part. The Republican judicial convention, composed of delegates from Jefferson, Herkimer, Lewis, Oswego, Oneida and Onondaga counties, had selected John C. Davies, of Camden, Oneida county, for its candidate. It was charged against Mr. Davies, who had been attorney general of the State, that his connection with politics had been so close that it was not fitting that he should be a judge. An independent movement was

> induce ^^

iC a candidate. Aithougii a liepublican, Mr. K. ffered and accepted tlie Democratic nour una received the h\V

'AJth the votes whim m.-. high character and tu-i:. > ulm ui-iv> ;alracte.d amon.i TfcmilJirnns displeased with the nominati iit to elect him.

\[ayor KJin d in 1903, mainly

I ' he was populai' with the organ-

i -s over CHARLES W. BARDEEN from letjjdcili Born Groton, Mass.. o^ugust 28. 1847; graduated Yale in 1869; vice-principal of the Connecticut State ' UJ ii>n tor -formal School and superintendent of schools at Whitehall. ^- '" '^''' established the Scliool /^ii//i7ui at Syracuse. '"•"SOU ffr ' of which he is still editor and publisher after 37 continuous educational At yi^rs; in 1893, in charge of department pub- in 1900 aj the Iiiternational Congress, Chicago; 1 t A .JliSfW°'l? L . leciea sin ;„ r^^^^jij'^^^ ^j. .g, j^^^^j^^g, p^.^^^^ ^gg^^j^^j^j, ^^f ^^j^gfij-a WilllMni H.1875 began publication of books on teaching; has larger some list than any other publisher in the world, numbering ' -' luer 2,000 volumes, more than 50 being of his own authorship!

Strengthenirfbese^bpoks |,ave recîyefi^warclsata!litlje,gff,at e^^p^îticî,s,.,^,^,, factions, and all foi • members of Assembly were again Republicans. The following y.-m \\uii(;sse

i has yet attained in the coupty,' President Roosevelt. his electors, receiving a plurality

' Mishinr 'ii uf Onui.. OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES started to induce Watson i\I. Rogers, of Watcrtowii, to become a candidate. Although a Repubhcan, Mr. Rogers was offered and accepted the Democratic nomination, and received the full vote of that party, which, together with his the votes which high character and ability attracted among Republicans who were displeased with the nomination of Mr. Davies, was sufficient to elect him. ]\Iayor Kline was not renominated in 1903, mainly because he was not personally popular with the organization, with which he had many controversies over questions of patronage. Alan C. Fobes, who had been president of the Common Council, received the nomination for mayor, and was easily elected over Frederick W. Thomson, the Democratic nominee, by a majority of 2,300. At the same election, Edgar P. Glass was re- elected surrogate and James E. Hubbell, county clerk. William H. Turner, an old member of the McKinley League, was made sheriff', with a design of further strengthening the ties which now bound the former factions, and all four of the members of Assembly were again Republicans. The following year witnessed the re-election of Con- gressman Driscoll, Senator White, District Attorney Barnum and Assemblymen Wood, Schoeneck, Cadin and Hammond. This year is also notable for the fact that the Republican plurality reached the highest point that it has yet attained in the county. President Roosevelt, through his electors, receiving a plurality of 12,573 votes, thus establishing beyond dispute the position of Onondaga

75 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

of the State. as the leading Republican county During was such his first term, Mayor Fobes' conduct of affairs his with the and as to greatly increase strength people, in 1905, when running for re-election against Thomas Murphy, the Democratic candidate, he received the votes. unexpected and unequalled majority of 6,006 Again were all of the assemblymen from the county Repub- licans. Congressman Driscoll, Senator White, Judge Ross, County Clerk Butler, and Assemblymen Schoeneck, Hammond and Baldwin were all elected in 1906, and Thomas F. Walsh of Marcellus was a successful candidate for sheriff. as a vote- Confident in the qualities of Mayor Fobes in 1907 him forward getter, the Republicans again put as their candidate for mayqr, and he again defeated his who had Democratic opponent, who was Frank Matty, been a member of the Common Council for many years, H. was elected to succeed by 2,317 votes. George Bond Mr. Barnum as district attorney, and three Republican assemblymen were elected, there now being in the county, as a result of a reapportionment, only three Assembly districts. The next year saw the promotion of Horace for Lieutenant Gov- White to the position of nominee ernor, to which he v-^as elected over John A. Dix. Hendrick S. Holden, a popular and able business man, was elected to succeed Senator White. Congressman Driscoll was re-elected for a sixth term and all of the assemblymen elected were Republicans. Another hard struggle over of 1909. the election of a justice marked the campaign

70 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Justice Scripture, who had served a full term of fourteen years on the Supreme Court, received the regular nomination in the fifth judicial district. He was savagely attacked on the ground that while on the bench he took an active in part Republican politics, and that the size and extent of the allowances which he was accustomed to make to attorneys as compensation in cases where allowances were proper, constituted a scandal. Edgar S. K. Merrell, of Lewis county, was nominated by the Democrats and won by a very large majority in the district. At this time, Edgar P. Glass was re-elected for a third term as surrogate and James C. Butler for a second term as county clerk. Fred Wyker, of Liverpool, was a successful candidate for sheriff, and Republican assemblymen were elected in the first and third Assembly districts, but John T. Roberts beat Fred W. Hammond, the regular Republican nominee in the second district, partly because of troubles peculiar to the district and partly because he claimed to be a better friend of Governor Hughes than the regular nominee. The Republican candidate for mayor was Edward Schoeneck, a young attorney of Syra- cuse, who had been an assemblyman for several terms and who enjoyed a great personal popularity, particularly among the Germans, of whom he was one, and whose course, so far as he had been in public aifairs, had given general satisfaction. His Democratic opponent was George W. Driscoll, a lawyer of many years' practice and of high standing at the bar and well and favorably known throughout the community. There were two other

77 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

tickets in the field besides those of the old parties. J. Brewster Gere was nominated for mayor by those who asserted themselves to be friends of direct primaries, and Joseph A. Griffin by still other direct primary advocates and righters of wrongs generally, although it may be said of both of these last named candidacies that, while they assumed to be in the interests of the objects named, they really represented elements out of harmony with the Republican organization, and were protests against the narrow policy by which, as it was claimed, it was guided. The presence of these two tickets in the field made the Democrats confident and the Republicans fearful of the result, but the efforts of the organization of the former party were weak and ill directed as compared with that of the Republicans, and Mr. Schoeneck was elected by a plurality of 1,047. In 1910, although the majorities which the Republi- cans were accustomed to roll up for their candidates in the city and county were greatly reduced, none of the candidates for local offices met with defeat. Congressman DriscoU was elected for the seventh time. J. Henry Walters, one of the younger members of the bar, succeeded Mr. Holden as senator; District Attorney Bond was given another term and the candidates for the Assembly were all successful.

It will be observed from this brief review of our political history that since the supremacy of Mr. Hendricks as a political leader was securely established between

1898 and 1900, the people of the city and county, so far

OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES as we may learn their opinion from their acts, have been generally and usually satisfied with the candidates which his organization has presented through the medium of the Republican party. Efforts have been made to again segregate as a hostile factor those, now of the regular organization, who formerly were among its bitter oppo- nents; the independent vote has upon various occasions been besought to array itself in mass against its tickets; attempts to frighten the so-called liberal element into opposition have been skilfully made at times when the views of Democratic candidates have seemed to be likely to give satisfaction to that element; the direct primary movement has been used as a cover under which it was hoped to gather those disaffected from any cause or for any reason. Success has attended none of these movements. For all important places and in every year the Republican candidates have been at the head of the poll. The causes are plainly apparent. Candidates have been fit for the places to which they aspired; some of them have been judiciously selected from among elements formerly hostile; no radical policies of government tending to antagonize any numerous class have been promulgated. Under cover of the tremendous impetus given to Republicanism by the domination of the Democratic party by Mr. Biyan, an organization has been perfected locally which has few equals and perhaps no superiors. Within the field of its endeavor it reaches everywhere and everybody. It is, moreover, probably true that Syracuse is more of a

79 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Republican city than ever before. It is frequently said

that the city, while Republican on National or State issues, is debatable ground on local issues. However

much this may have been true in the past, we do not think

it is true today. For ten years the city has been Republi- can on all local issues. During that time, on account of the general national Republican trend, hundreds, and perhaps thousands, of young men in the city have reached the voting age at a time when conditions strongly impelled them to cast their first votes as Republicans. A considerable proportion of these voters will always remain in the party in which they started. As a result of all these causes, we are inclined to believe that Syracuse today may be regarded, on local as well as wider issues, as a Republi-

can city, and that the affairs of that party within it and within the county of Onondaga will be dominated by Mr. Hendricks until he gives up the task or dies in the harness. When either of these events happen, those who take a philosophical interest in politics may be entertained by the efforts of his various lieutenants to assume his power. The Republican party will then be likely to enter upon an experience similar to that which the Demo- cratic party underwent when Mayor McGuire retired, and it may be that the members of the latter party, in the face of the prospect which will then present itself, and having had so excellent an opportunity to observe the fruits of dissension, will bury their factional differences If and get together to fight their common enemy. so, they may exchange the present wilderness for the promised land.

80 official new york from cleveland to hughes

County Officers JUDGES (R) Henry Rie-jel 1863 (R) A. Jiidd Northrup 1883 (R) AVilliam M. Ross 1895 SURROGATES (R) George R. Cook 1880 (R) Edgar P. Glass 1893 DISTRICT ATTORNEYS (R) Harrison Hoyt 1881 (R) Ceylon H. Lewis 1884 (R) Lawrence T. Jones 1887 (R) Theodore H. Hancock 1890 (R) Benjamin J. Shove 1893 (R) Jay B. Kline 1896 (R) William L. Barnum 1902 (R) George H. Bond 1908 SHERIFFS Minor G. Bennett 1882 Thomas R. O'Neil 1885 Hector B. Johnson 1888 John A. Hoxsie 1891 Oscar F. Austen 1894 Stephen Thornton 1897 Charles W. Marvin 1900 William H. Turner 1903 Thomas F. Walsh 1906 Frederick W. Wyker 1909 COUNTY CLERKS (R) Gustavus Sniper 1883 (R) J. Emmet Wells 1886 (R) George G. Cotton 1889 (D) John J. Hallock 1891 (R) De Forrest Settle 1892 (R) James Butler 1895 (R) George J. Yaeckel 1896 (R) James E. Hubbell 1901 (R) James C. Butler 1907

81 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES the county, gave the population as 1,081 inhabitants and 205 fainiUes. The Court-house and county buildings were located at Canandaigua, which became and still is the county seat. Ontario county, since its formation, has been a potent factor in the political world from the Senatorial and Congressional districts to the State and Nation. Among those who achieved national fame were:

Gideon Granger, a lawyer of prominence, who attained a considerable reputation in the legal profession before he came to Ontario county. He was appointed Postmaster General by President Thomas Jefferson and served during that administration and during a part of the administration of President Madison. After leaving the public service in the Postoffice Department, he came to Canandaigua, where he was one of the prominent and influential business men. He died in that village in 1822. John C. Spencer, son of Ambrose Spencer, a prominent lawyer of Ontario county, was district attorney of the county in 1818. In 1820 he was member of Assembly; from 1825 to 1828 he was in the State Senate. In 1839 he

was appointed Secretary of State by Governor William H. Seward and in 1841 he was appointed Secretary of War in President Tyler's cabinet. Afterward he was transferred to the cabinet office of Secretary of the Treasury. Frances Granger, another prominent lawyer of Ontario county, had a distinguished public career. He served in the State Assembly in 1826-27-28 and again in 1830 and 1832. In 1835 he was elected to Congress and

84 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

served until 1841. In 1S41 he resigned his seat in Con- gress to accept the position of Postmaster General in President Harrison's cabinet.

Charles J. who for Folger, many years was the leading lawyer of the county and stood at the head of the bar, his by ability, energy and legal attainments became a prominent and influential figure in the State and Nation. In 1851 he Avas elected county judge and served until 1855; in 180'^ to 1869 he represented Ontario county in the State Senate; in 1867 he was a delegate to the Con- stitutional convention; in 1870 he was elected judge of the Court of Appeals and in 1880 was elected chief judge of the Court; in 1881 he was appointed by President Arthur to the position of Secretary of the Treasury in his cabinet; in 188'-2 he was the nominee of the Republican party for

Governor, but was defeated owing to a factional fig-ht in the Republican party of the State. Elbridge G. Lapham, another distinguished citizen and prominent lawyer of Ontario county, had a long and influential public career. In 1867 he was a delegate to the Constitutional convention. He was elected member of Congress in 1875, and served in that body continuously the during 44th, 45th, 46th and 47th sessions. On July

22, 1881, he was elected United States Senator to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of the Hon. Roscoe Conkling. He died in Canandaigua in 1890. James C. Smith, born in Phelps August 14, 1817, became one of the most distinguished lawyers of Ontario county. He began his career by studying law with Lyman

8.5 TO HUGHE OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND S_

Sherwood at Lyons, N. Y. In 1842 he was appointed surrogate of Wayne county by the Governor. He held the oflBce until 1847, when he moved to Canandaigua. In 1862 he was appointed Supreme Court justice by Governor Morgan. He served until 1887, when he was retired by the constitutional age limit. He then returned to Canan- daigua and continued the practice of law with marked success. In 1890 he was appointed a member of the commission to propose amendments to the State Con- stitution. Among those who achieved a State-wide reputation and who served as public officials of the State was Myron H. Clark, who was born in Naples, Ontario county, N. Y., on October 23, 1806. He was elected sheriff of the county in 1837. In 1851 and in 1853 he was elected a member of the State Senate. In 1854 he was nominated for the office of Governor in the Whig convention, the State temperance convention and in the convention of the Free Soil Democrats; these elements were afterward consolidated and formed the Republican party. Mr. Clark was elected Governor and, properly speaking, he was the first candidate elected to public office to represent the citizenship which created the Republican party. He was, therefore, the first Republican official in the State. Among the men who were prominent in the early political life of Ontario county and who held State positions may be mentioned John C. Spencer, secretary of state in 1839; Charles B. Stewart, state engineer, elected November 2, 1847; Samuel A. Foote, judge of the Court

86 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

of Appeals in 1851: Thomas Hillhouse, adjutant general in 1861 and comptroller in 1865; Frank Rice, secretary of state, who for many years has been the most prominent Democrat in the county of Ontario. Mark H. Sibley was one of the master minds of the always strong legal bar of Ontario county. He gained a wide reputation as a brilliant advocate and was a prominent figure in the county for many years. He represented Ontario in the Assembly in 1835 and 1836 and represented the senatorial district in the State Senate in 1840

and 1841 . In 1847 he was elected county judge and served in four years that office with conspicuous ability. He was a member of Congress in 1839. He died at his home in Canandaigua in 1852.

Justice AVilliam H. Adams was elected justice of the Supreme Court in 1887 and was elevated to the bench of the Appellate Division of the fourth department in January, 1896. At the time of his death, October 12, 1903, he was presiding justice of that department. Edwin Hicks, of Canandaigua, a lawyer of high standing and a Republican of wide influence for many years, was appointed district attorney in 1857. He filled the vacancy until 1863, when he was elected for a full term. In 1877 he was elected to the Senate and served in 1878 and 1879.

Frank Rice, one of the leading members of the Ontario county bar, was elected to the Assembly in 1882 and became one of the prominent Democratic leaders in that body. He was re-elected in 1883. was chosen leader

87 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES of the Democratic minority and was supported by his party for Speaker. As leader of the minority he greatly enhanced his reputation as a speaker and debater. In 1884; he was elected county judge and in 1889 he was nominated and elected secretary of state. He became one of the most prominent Democratic leaders in the State and was a delegate to the Democratic national convention in 1880 and in 1892. He was again elected secretary of state in 1891. He is now (1911) practicing law in Canandaigua. James A. Robson, of Gorham, another prominent member of the Ontario county bar, was appointed to the Supreme Court by Governor Odell in 1903. He was elected for a full term of 14 years, November 8, 1904, and has already taken high rank on the bench, where he has displayed legal talents of a high order. Judge Robson is now serving with distinction on the Appellate Division. Maynard N. Clement was district attorney of Ontario county in 1887. He made a fine record in this office and convicted three murderers the first term. He was re- elected district attorney in 1890 and served till 1893. In 1896, when the Raines liquor-tax law was enacted and the excise department was organized, he was appointed by H. H. Lyman, the State excise commissioner, as first deputy in that department. He filled the position with exceptional ability until 1906, when he was appointed by Governor Higgins as State commissioner of excise. He served in that position until March, 1911, when the Demo- cratic State administration came into power and a Demo- crat was appointed to succeed him. jNIr. Clement is the

88 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

best informed man in the State on excise matters, and he

conducted the department with such signal abihty that his administration was universally commended by the public press. W. L. Parkhurst, of Canandaigua, a prominent Republican and influential business man, has had an active and useful public career. He represented the town of Canandaigua on the board of supervisors from 1879 to 1881, was chairman of the Republican county committee in 1880, member of Assembly in 1893 and 1894 and was appointed lunacy commissioner by Governor Black, in February, 1897, which position he filled for thirteen years until February, 1910. Mr. Parkhurst gave special attention to the business details of the department and inaugurated many reforms in the business methods which saved the taxpayers of the State hundreds of thousands of dollars. A. B. Sackett was one of the prominent and influential young Republicans of Ontario county. He was chairman of the Republican county committee from 1899 to 1905, stenographer of the State Senate from 1899 to 1905 and was holding both positions at the time of his death in 1905.

Walter H. Knapp, one of the prominent lawyers and Republican leaders of the county, was elected county judge in 1896 and served six years until 1902. He was then re- elected and served until December 31, 1908. In 1909 he was chief counsel for the legislative investigating commission which investigated the operation of the system of direct nominations in the various States of the Union.

89 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

He was an able judge and is a talented lawyer. Judge Knapp is now practicing law at Canandaigua, N. Y., and is one of the leaders of the Ontario county bar. Charles F. Milliken, editor and proprietor of the Ontario County Times, was appointed by Governor Odell to the position of civil service commissioner in 1903. He was elected president of the Civil Service Board in 1905 and served with efficiency and ability until 1911 when, owing to the change of administration, he was succeeded by a Democrat. A. J. Gilbert, who held an important Federal position in the land office under President Harrison's administration, is now and has been since its organization in 1896, one of the chief deputies in the State excise department.

He is an officer of exceptional efficiency and industry. He has a host of friends because his heart is loyal and his head is clear. He is a hero worshipper and his trinity of political gods are John Raines, Thomas C. Piatt and Theodore Roosevelt.

Robert F. Thompson, one of the strong young Re- publicans of the county, was elected district attorney in 1899 and served until 1902. He was then re-elected and served until 1905. He made a fine record in that office and was unanimously nominated for county judge in the fall of 1908 and elected for a term of six years. He is making an excellent record as an able and upright judge. Jean LeRue Burnett was one of Ontario's brilliant and distinguished young men. He was educated in the public schools and the academy and was a graduate of the

OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Ann Arbor Law School. He became actively interested in politics while in college and was one of the organizers of the American Collegiate Republican League, an organization which contained sixty thousand members.

When he left college, before he was old enough to vote, he went on the. stump for the Republican ticket and won instant recognition as a brilliant and finished campaign orator. He had great literary ability, was a fine writer and frequently contributed articles on important public questions to the best magazines. He held a prominent position in the revision department in the State Assembly in 1905-6-7, and in 1898, when only 27 years of age, he was elected to represent Ontario county in the State Assembly and served continuously until the time of his death in 1907. He was renominated eight times by the unanimous vote of his party. Mr. Burnett was one of the most prominent and influential members in the Assembly and for the last three years of his service he was deputy Republican leader and took a leading part in all of the important debates. Although he represented a rural county, so universally were his brilliant talents recognized that he was appointed by the Speaker as chairman of the important committee on cities, which chairmanship he held at the time of his death.

John Raines, lawyer, soldier and statesman, was born in Canandaigua May 6, 1840. He was a soldier in the Civil War and captain of Company G of the 85th Regiment of New York Volunteers. He began his public career in 1880, when he was elected to the State Assembly. He

91 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES served in the Assembly sessions of 1881, 1882, 1883 and 1885. In 1885 he was elected to the State Senate. He was a member of that body in 1886-7-8-9. While in the Senate he took a prominent part in the debates on important public measures and displayed such unusual qualities of leadership that he was nominated and elected to Con- gress in the fall of 1890. He was in Congress four years, 1891-2-3-4. In the fall of 1894 he was again elected to the State Senate and served continuously in that body until the time of his death in December, 1909. During the last seven years of his service he was the Republican leader of the Senate and held that honored position at the time of his death. He was a delegate to the Republican national convention in 1896, 1900 and 1904, and he was an alternate delegate-at-large to the Republican national convention in 1908. It was largely through his influence that the New York delegation was united in the support of James S. Sherman for Vice-President, which action resulted in Mr. Sherman's nomination and his subsequent election. Senator Raines was a born leader. When he first entered public life and was in the Assembly in 1881 he was the guiding genius who was largely responsible for bringing about the nomination of his distinguished fellow- townsman, Elbridge G. Lapham, for United States Sena- tor. He was the trusted and confidential legislative adviser of Governors Morton, Black, Roosevelt, Odell and Higgins. His advice was always sincere and sound. He never deceived or deserted a friend or turned his back on a foe. It was these qualities that drew men to him

92 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES with hooks of steel and made his leadership invincible. He was the most industrious, far-sighted and constructive legislator that the Empire State has produced in all its history. He served five years in the State Assembly, twenty years in the State Senate and four years in Congress, making twenty-five years in the State Legislature and four years in the National Legislature — a total of twenty-nine of years active, legislative public service. His legislative service in the State Legislature exceeds that of any other man in the whole history of the State, both in length of service and in important legislative achievements. A few laws of State-wide importance which were put upon the statute books by his legislative genius and influence may be mentioned: The State liquor-tax law, which raises an annual revenue of $18,000,000, the State ballot law, the State educational unification law and the law providing for the erection of a magnificent new State Library at Albany, which is in process of construction and will soon be completed. At the time of his death in December, a 1909, newspaper writer who was thoroughly acquainted with his work as a constructive statesman said: " Senator Raines' record in the great legislative service which he rendered the people of the State will forever remain a monument to his memory. For his industry was so constant and his achievements so numerous in the line of legislation that many of the important laws which he placed upon the statute books are buried in the libraries and can only be revealed by the industrious historian who shall here- after write a true history of the record of the Legislature."

John Raines during the last fifteen years of his life was the one grand central and commanding figure in his

93 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

county and in his district, and he became so great a factor in the State that he was the acknowledged legislative leader and at the time of his death he was the actual State leader

of the Republican party. In view of the fact that Senator Raines was a warm personal and political friend of Colonel Theodore Roosevelt and a sincere admirer and close friend of former Speaker James W. Wadsworth, it is quite probable that if he had lived he might, by the strength of his personality and the wisdom of his advice, have dominated the situation to such an extent that he could have brought together the warring Republican factions at Saratoga, and thereby have saved the Republican party from the disaster which overtook it at the last election.

Hon. John Raines was not only a great leader and a great creative legislator, but he was a brave soldier, a model citizen and a true and loyal friend. In addition to his great achievements in the halls of legislation and in the field of politics, he rendered invaluable service to the people of his town by inaugurating and carrying forward many projects of importance which improved and beautified the village of Canandaigua and advanced the general welfare of the community. His distinguished career in the public service of the State is only a part of the magnificent achievements which stand to his credit as a citizen and as a leader. The good roads of Ontario county, the public buildings of Canandaigua, especially the educational institutions of that village, will forever remain as an evidence of his public spirit, his energy, his

94 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES ability and liis influence, and they were a great source of pride to him during his Hfetime. Mr. Raines was president of the board of education in the village of Canandaigua for nearly a quarter of a century, and his devotion to the cause of education resulted in giving that village educational institutions second to none in the State, and they will forever remain a monument to his memory and a reminder to the present and future generations of the local achievements which stand " to the credit of that mighty personality Uncle John," as he was affectionately called by his loyal friends and political admirers.

C 11 .i^ x' ± £j n. i. V

Orange County

By J. Wa^jKer Ruttenber o F the mat' fame son-in-law of J;* or more enduring T'lvn 'I,. ;ci:;..>xv r, .x.' J. V- , , EDMUND L.* PITTS named mh'„ r Born Yates, Orleans N. 23. 1839 County", Y., May ; lawyer ; m 1683, ai'.. member of ^Assembly 1864-68; speaker of Assembly 1867;

, to national conventions of 1868 and measure delegate Republican O-^^gg^. state senator 1880-3, 1886-7, president pro tem. law at 1898. Bowman \.'^^^i practiced ^Medina; di,ed July 11, ,, ^ regiment toward the close of the Revolutionary War, remained on the banks of the Hudson that pleased him so well, attained distinction as a lawyer and became a member of the Legislature. The central portion of Orange county, lymg between

• 'h mountains, is a rolling upland, broken in many es by abrupt and isolated hills. More than one-half he entire surface of the county is susceptible of cn!-

i ion, and forms a fine agricultural district that ' onal reputation for the excellence of its milk and .or and the speed and strength of its thoroughbred ^es. Coming up the Hudson by steamer from New

(^ he first glimpse of county i.'- ;i9XW£! ;e£8!.. --;hO ,i;9jfiY moH

; ^381 x'^f^sasA io isjicaq: _t to ladmarn

'*- ;'.ir 'jr.av..,-.-, i bne xo"? ,;, eisgslsb

.ma; . :t'88X CHAPTER IV

Orange County

By J. Walker Ruttenber

the material things that perpetuate the fame OF of WiUiam III, Prince of Orange and Dutch son-in-law of James II, there is nothing fairer or more than the in New York State enduring — territory named in his honor Orange county, originally established in 1683, and constituted in its present form in 1798, the measure being introduced at Albany by Colonel Phineas Bowman, who came to Newburgh with a Massachusetts regiment toward the close of the Revolutionary War, remained on the banks of the Hudson that pleased him so well, attained distinction as a lawyer and became a member of the Legislature. The central portion of Orange county, lying between the mountains, is a rolling upland, broken in many places by abrupt and isolated hills. More than one-half of the entire surface of the county is susceptible of cul- tivation, and forms a fine agricultural district that has a national reputation for the excellence of its milk and butter and the speed and strength of its thoroughbred horses. Coming up the Hudson by steamer from New York, the first glimpse of Orange county is had at Fort

97 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Montgomery, in the Highlands, which adjoins on the south the West Point mihtary reservation, where the government has erected some of the most imposing stone structures to be found in America. Passing grand old Storm King, the rugged mountain at the water's edge that was called Butter Hill by Washington Irving and rechristened by the romantic poet, N. P. Willis, one enters upon the magnificent harbor known as Newburgh

Bay, and the city of Newburgh, rising on natural terraces, is the natural port of Orange county. The Orange-Rockland-Sullivan district of today, geographically speaking, figured early and conspicuously in the civil government of the colonies, for away back in Governor Leisler's time, Capt. Robert MacGregorie, a Scotchman who had been given a patent at Murderers' Creek by Governor Dongan, and who was the first white settler in Orange county, was one of the King's troops killed in New York at the time of Leisler's resistance to

Governor Sloughter. The democracy of the people who have lived within the boundaries of the Congressional district we are now

briefly considering has been unmistakable, intense and enduring from the time George Clinton and his brother James, sons of Charles Clinton, an Irish Presbyterian who took up land near Newburgh, overthrew early in the Revolution the Tory element that had grouped about Lieutenant Governor and acting Governor Cadwalader Colden, of Coldenham. The next act of the Clintons to the was to rally the yeomanry of the neighborhood

98 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

defense of Fort Montgomery, with the resultant slaughter of farmer soldiery by Britain's skilled troops of Sir Henry Clinton's army. While the energy of the patriots were directed to the defense of the Highlands, Claudius Smith, a native of Long Island, cliief of the Tory horsemen in Orange county, carried on a ruthless guerilla warfare, ravaging the farms and leaving a black streak in his wake. He was finally apprehended, tried on the technical charge of the murder of Captain Strong, of Blooming-Grove, and convicted and hung at Goshen. The culmination of the triumph of democracy over the divine right of kings of the particular stamp of George HI was the rejection by Washington, at Newburgh. of the proposition of a cabal of dissatisfied army officers who besought him to declare himself king. The tremendous influence of the Clintons in this of part the State continued for nearly seventy years. As late as 1841, James Clinton, a Newburgh lawyer and son of General James Clinton, was elected to Congress, and it is a peculiar circumstance that he was the last representative of the Orange county district, which stood alone from 1813 to 1843, when Sullivan was added. Of the public achievements of Congressman Clinton's half- brother, DeWitt Clinton, a volume could be written. Their name passes out, locally, with the enlargement of the sixth Congressional district. John W. Wilkin, a native of the county, who began the practice of law in Goshen in 1788, was a man who left his impress on the times. He was a soldier, served

Rufus King for the United States Senate he was defeated by one vote. Jonathan Fisk, a native of New Hampshire, who at the age of 27 located in Newburgh and began the practice of law, was the leader of the war party when the second quarrel with England began. In 1809 he was elected to Congress from the sixth district, then composed of Orange and Westchester counties. It was the same old struggle between democracy and aristocracy, and when Fisk was a candidate for Congress again in 1814, at a time when the war was not particularly favorable to the Americans, he overwhelmingly defeated Storey, Federal- ist. In Orange county, Fisk received 2,345 votes and Storey 660. In Congress Fisk opposed the recharter of the United States Bank, and engaged in a spirited debate with the eccentric John Randolph. Fisk subsequently became United States district attorney for the Southern District of New York. David W. Bate, a Newburgh lawyer and son of James Bate, A. Q. G., of the Army of the Revolution, was a brigadier general in the War of 1812, and in an engagement with General Provost was severely wounded. Another fighting Orange county lawyer in the War of 1812 was Ogden Hoffman, who with Decatur saw hard fighting on the sea, was captured and imprisoned in England for six months. Judge John W. Brown, Democrat, of Newburgh,

was a sturdy figure in the political events that led up

100 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

to the Civil War. He served two terms in Congress, and won national fame through his debates with General Leslie Combs of Kentucky, in the Polk and Dallas campaign of 184'4. In the Constitutional convention of 1846

Judge Brown was one of thg representatives from Orange county, and at the outbreak of the Civil War took a decided stand as a war Democrat. Prior to the Civil War three natives of Orange county had attained the high office of Governor — George Clin- ton, DeWitt Clinton and William H. Seward; the last named was born in Warwick, and lived in that localitv

until the age of 15. Joel T. Headley, the historian, was elected Secretary of State in 1856, on the American ticket, a few years after becoming a resident of Orange. The extraordinary enlistment from Orange, Sulli- van and Rockland counties in the w-ar for the preservation of the Union attests the patriotism that remained nearly a hundred years after the imposing of the hated stamp tax. From 1859 to 1863 Charles H. Van AVyck, Republi- can, was representative in Congress. He entered the army and was succeeded by Charles H. Winfield, w^ar Democrat, of Goshen, lawyer and orator, who served from 1863 to 1867. In 1868 Van Wyck again stood for Congress, and the certificate of election was given to George W. Greene, of Goshen. There had been a large Irish emigration to the county since the war. Van Wyck brought contest in Washington on the ground of naturalization frauds, and was finally seated.

101 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

In the '70's Charles F. Brown, Democrat, and son of Judge Brown, previously mentioned, and M. H. Hirschberg, Republican, both of Newburgh, attained judicial positions in the county and both eventually reached the Supreme Court and by appointment higher. The election of B. B. Odell, Sr., sheriff, in 1879, was followed in the '80's by the gradual rise to powder of his son, B. B. Odell, Jr., and the election of Charles F. Brown over General Tracy, of Brooklyn, for justice of the Supreme Court, made the former a possibility in the Democratic convention that nominated Grover Cleveland for Governor. Judge Brown was practically the Demo- cratic leader at this time, so far as his position on the bench would permit. Congressman Lewis Beach, of Cornwall, who died while serving his third term, was also very prominent in the party, while Judge John G. Wilkin, of Middletown, Henry Bacon, of Goshen, and John W. Lyon, of Port Jervis, were men to be consulted as to party policy and expediency. On the Republican side old leaders were passing away and new faces were to be seen.

Not until President Cleveland, in his first adminis- " " tration, wrote his so-called free trade message, was there any sign of party re-alignment, and B. B. Odell, Jr., of Newburgh, who had become the leader of the New- burgh Republicans, was quick to take advantage of the coolness among the manufacturers. His organization soon expanded. Men like R. H. Hock, of Goshen, Thomas Bradley, of Walden, and O. P. Howell, of Port

102 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Jervis, made combinations with the young Newburgh leader, and the system that was perfected has never been surpassed in this State for the accompUshing of results. Congressman Bacon, who stood close to Cleveland, was overthrown in of his ultimately ; Mr Odell, spite protest, was sent to Congress for two terms as a form of apprecia- tion of his extraordinary leadership, and subsequently Governor for two terms Colonel and became ; Dickey M. H. Hirschberg, both of Newburgh, were made justices of the Supreme Court. The other two counties of the district (Rockland having been added in 1878) became passive in party councils, and the Democrats of Orange elected but one county official in twenty-one years. The policies of the Democracy on the tariff and the currency were unpopular in Orange, and with friction in the party between the Hill and Cleveland factions and the Bryan and anti-Bryan elements, the party conventions in the county became dismal affairs and in striking contrast to the aggressiveness and confidence of the Republicans. Not until 1903 were there any sign that what was always known as the Odell organization was to meet with formidable opposition. In that year the Democrats elected a county clerk. Three years later John B. Rose, a young brick manufacturer of Roseton, near Newburgh, and who had been a Roosevelt elector, opposed Senator Goodsell for renomination, and it required all of ex- Governor Odell's skill in the convention to prevent the new movement from being successful. Senator Goodsell was defeated at the polls by John C. R. Taylor, a

103 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Middletown lawyer, who supported all the Hughes measures before the Legislature. Mr. Taylor was defeated for re-election by John B. Rose, who was unopposed in the convention. The new senator advocated direct primaries and other Hughes ideas, and started to build up an organization by endeavoring to wrest control of the Newburgh city committee from ex-Governor Odell. In the popular vote the factions were almost evenly divided, but the Odell party held control of the party machinery.

In the memorable legislative session of 1910 Senator Rose was one of the militant insurgents and an active Progressive, holding mass meetings in Newburgh to in- dorse the direct primary bill and other reform measures. At this time (1910) ex-Governor Odell formally renounced his retirement from active politics, and Senator Rose and the Progressives came in full control of the party machinery ' in Newburgh. Some of the old politicians refused to support Senator Rose for re-election in 1910, but he received a large Democratic support and was re-elected. Colonel Thomas W. Bradley, the retired Walden cutlery manufacturer, holds the district record for the longest period of continuous service in Congress, having been elected in 1910 for the fifth time. Ex-Governor Odell was a member of the State Com- mittee for 23 years and chairman in 1897. When he came upon the horizon Thomas C. Piatt was at the zenith of his power, but Mr. Odell, by newer and more progressive methods, destroyed the Piatt dominancy. The fight for supremacy was one of the most remarkable ever waged in the State organization.

104 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

The most likely Democrat in Orange county from Cleveland to Hughes was the distinouished Goshen lawyer, Henry Bacon. In 1886 he was elected to fill out the unexpired term of Congressman Beach, and served on the Committee on Banking and Currency. In 1888 he was defeated, and returned in 1890, when he gained distinction as chairman of the Committee on Banking and Currency, reporting the bill for repeal of the purchasing act of the Sherman bill. He was defeated in 1892 through the strenoth of the Odell organization, and retired from active politics when his party divided on the currency question. Mr. Bacon's second wife was a daughter of Samuel J. Randall, ex-Speaker of the House of Rep- resentatives.

The population of Orange county in 1910 was 115,751.

County Officers . JUDGES (D) John G. Wilkin 1883 (R) John J. Beatie 1889 (R) A. H. F. Seeger 1907 SURROGATES (D) R. C. Coleman 1883 (R) O. P. Hornell 1896 (R) John B. Swezey 1909 SHERIFFS (D) Harrison Mills 1883 (D) Henry P. Clauson 1886

(R) Jacob M. Johnson . . . . 1889 (R) J. K. Alexander 1892 (R) Adam W. Beakes 1895 (R) Selah E. Strong 1898 (R) Jacob Herman 1901

105 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

(R) Peter F. Gumaer 1904 (R) Abraham L. Decker 1907 (R) Alexander Sutherland 1910 COUNTY CLERKS (R) Robert B. Hock 1883 (D) Charles G. Elliott 1889 (R) William G. Taggart 1892 (D) James J. Leonard 1904 (R) James D. McGifiFert 1907

106 CHAPTER V

Orleans County

By Charles Newton Hood

COUNTY came into existence April ORLEANS5. 1825. Its early political destinies were largely shaped and controlled by David E. Evans, of Batavia, Genesee county, a nephew of Joseph EUicott and one of the local agents of the Holland Land Company. Although Mr. Evans was originally a follower of De Witt Clinton, he went over to the Albany Regency, with the result that he was able to launch the new county of Orleans as a Democratic offspring. The Democratic party remained in the ascendancy until 1828, when the anti-Masonic movement overthrew the other parties in an unexpected manner and remained in the majority in this county until about 1833. Among the most prominent of the anti-Masonic party were Gideon Hard, John H. Tyler and George W. Fleming. From 1833 until 1838 the Democrats were usually in control in the county, although the Whigs elected some of the county officers. From 1825 to 1838 the Democratic party had for its leaders in the county L. A. G. B. Grant, Lyman Bates, Jeremiah Brown, Alexis Ward, Henry R. Curtis and Abraham Cantine. From 1838 until 1856

107 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

the Whigs were the dominant party, but the elections were all sharply contested, the majorities being small, and frequently the Democrats succeeded in electing some of the minor county officers. From 1856 to the present the Republicans have uniformly been in the majority in all Presidential and Gubernatorial elections. Only on rare occasions and at infrequent intervals have the Democrats elected any of the county officers, and only twice during that time has that party had a majority of the board of

supervisors. The greatest Democrat that the county ever had was Sanford E. Church, of Albion, who at one time was State

Comptroller, afterwards Lieutenant Governor, and when the Court of Appeals was reorganized in 1870 he became the first chief judge of the Covu't of Appeals. Of those prominent in the Republican party at the time of its organization in the county were Ben Field,

Noah Davis, Jr., Alamanzor Hutchinson, Gideon Hard, Danly D. Sprague and Silas M. Burroughs. Some years later, beginning in the early '60's, Ben Field, of Albion, became not only prominent in local politics but in State and National as well, and was undoubtedly one of the most masterful and adroit politicians in the State. He was State senator but a single term, yet his activities in party councils were always great. From the Cleveland administration to that of Gov- ernor Hughes may best be treated as the earlier and the later period. During the earlier period the leaders of the Republican party in the county were Henry A. Childs and

108

OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Edmund L. Pitts, of INIedina, Heniy A. Bruner and Henry A. Gliddon. of Albion, and Marcus H. Philips, of Hulberton. Of these INIr. Bruner was undoubtedly the most masterful politician and was generally regarded as the county leader. During this time the Democratic leaders were E. Kirk Hart and George B. Church, of Albion, and James A. Hanlon, of INIedina, the latter being the representative of the so-called Cleveland wing of the party, while the former were the accepted so-called Hill leaders.

During the second period from the Cleveland to the Hughes administrations, the most prominent in the Republican party were Irving L'Hommedieu, of INIedina, Thomas A. Kirby and R. Titus Coann, of Albion, and D. W. Evarts and Fred A. Edwards, of HoUey. During this time Mr. L'Hommedieu was easily the dominant factor and was regarded at home and abroad as the most influential Republican politician in the county. During the same time those prominent in Democratic politics were W. Crawford Ramsdale and Sanford T. Church, of Albion, and W. Barry Murphy, of Medina. County Officers county judges and surrogates (R) John G. Sawyer 1868 (R) Isaac S. Signor 1884 (D) W. Crawford Ramsdale 1896 (R) Edwin B. Simonds 1902 (R) Isaac S. Signor 1906 DISTRICT ATTORNEY'S (R) Isaac S. Signer 1881 (R) Clark D. Knapp 1884

109 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

(R) W. P. L. Stafford 1887 (R) Edwin B. Simonds 1893 (R) Thomas A. Kirby 1899 (R) Leon M. Sheerwood 1902 (D) W. Crawford Ramsdale 1908 (R) Jolin C. Knickerbocker 1911 COUNTY CLERKS

(R) George A. Newell 1878 (R) William F. Ross 1887 (R) Alvan R. Allen 1890 (R) Wmiam N. Dean 1896 (R) Harry P. Spencer 1899 (R) George H. Rolffe 1902 (D) Harry D. Bartlett 1908 SHERIFFS

(R) Erastus M. Spaulding 1881 (R) Sullivan E. Howard 1884 (R) Edward P. Searle 1887 (R) A. Wilson Shelley 1890

(R) John G. Rice. . ." 1893 (R) Carroll Phippany 1896 (R) Henry D. Richardson 1899 (R) Fred'L. Rice 1902

(R) David Cole 1904 (R) Weston Wetherbee 1905 (D) George Callaghan 1908 (R) William M. Kenyon 1911

no (^>yU^C /^^>^^^>'^V ASTOn, LENOX CHAPTER VI Oswego County

By Hon. Maurice L. Wright

history of Oswego begins at an early date. THEIn 1615, five years before the landing of the pilgrims at Plymouth Rock, General de Champlain, with ten companies of French European soldiers and a body of Indian warriors, making a force of about two thousand, landed from Canada, at the mouth of Oswego River, on their disastrous campaign against the Iroquois. This was the latter's first firearms experience against ; nevertheless, they defeated the invaders with severe loss. Not long thereafter an important trade with the Indians sprang up at this point. Their stock in trade, beaver and other skins, came in fleets of canoes from all along the lakes, beginning at the present site of Duluth, often amounting to hundreds of thousands of dollars in value.

The first political act of this locality was that of the Iroquois in sending a delegation of chiefs to Albany to obtain the establishment of an official Indian trading post at this place, which being supplemented by the influence of the white traders along the route from Oswego to Albany, resulted in the establishment of a

111 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES fortified post here in 1722, the most important one west of Albany. Oswego county was organized by an act of the Legislature on March 1, 1816, out of parts of the territory formerly belonging to Onondaga and Oneida counties, and constitutes a part of the land ceded to the State of New York by the Indians soon after the Revolutionary War. The county had, at the time of its organization, between six and seven thousand inhabitants.

This county during the period since 1880 has been strongly Republican, that party sustaining but few defeats and its majorities usually running from thirty-five hundred to about five thousand. The strongest leadership in the Republican ranks has been in the Mott family, as in Livingston county it has been in the Wadsworth family. Hon. Thomas S. Mott, a personal friend of President Grant and of Senators Roscoe Conkling and Thomas C. Piatt, was a very able man, the leading financier and banker of the county and a member of the State committee for over ten years up to the time of his death, which occurred in 1891. The mantle of his leadership fell upon his son. Col. John T. Mott, who succeeded his father as president of the First National Bank and as State committeeman, and exerted large influence in the councils of the party in the State and Nation, an important achievement being the securing of the establishment of a two battalion army post at this city in 1903 and the appropriation of over half-a-million dollars for the necessary

112 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES buildings. Upon the nomination of his son, the Hon. Luther Wright INIott, for member of Congress, in the fall of 1910, Col. Mott retired from the State committee. It is quite interesting to note that that leadership has continued unbroken in that brainy family until now lodged in the third generation, the present Congressman. The leading Republican newspaper of the county is the Oswego Daily Times. It was edited for many years by the Hon. John A. Place, who was honored by the party with the appointment as State canal auditor, and afterwards by two separate terms as postmaster of the city. Succeeded by Hon. Louis C. Rowe, under President Cleveland, he was succeeded by Hon. John B. Alexander, son-in-law of Mr. John A. Place, whose influence in the party and faithfulness in office are proven by liis brilliant editorials and repeated appointments. He is now serving on his fourth term. Upon the Democratic contest for the supremacy between Governor David B. Hill and ex-President

Cleveland, when they were rival candidates for the Presi- dency, Hon. William A. Poucher, former member of Assembly, concededly one of the ablest lawyers in the northern part of the State, espoused the cause of Cleve- land, and owing to his influence the so-called Feather- head convention was called, in opposition to the mid-winter convention held in Mr. Hill's interests. It is generally believed that, except for this action and daring leadership of jNIr. Poucher, the renomination would not have gone to Mr. Cleveland. ]Mr. Poucher, because

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of his splendid service, was entitled to the best appoint-

ment in this State, that of eollectorship of New York city, but he was turned off by Mr. Cleveland with the appoint-

ment to the laborious and ill-paid position as district attorney for the northern district of the State. It was possibly some compensation to his disappointment that he was able to obtain the appointment of his friend, Louis C. Rowe, as postmaster, and his brother, Hon. Isaac B. Poucher, as collector of customs. The brother subsequently became the successor of the eminent Dr. Edward A. Sheldon, deceased (the originator of the great Normal School system of the State), as superintendent of the Normal Institution of Oswego, and is now ably conducting its work. As an official useful to the State, Col. Henry H. Lyman should be given honorable notice. An officer in the famous 147th Regiment, N. Y. S. Volunteers, after the war he became sheriff, collector of customs, chairman of the Forest, Fish and Game Commission, and was subsequently drafted, as Governor Morton called it, into the work of organizing the newly-created excise department as State excise commissioner in 1896. It required great executive ability, but Col. Lyman was equal to the responsibility and nobly performed the work. He was reappointed by Governor Roosevelt, but his arduous duties doubtless shortened his life. He was reappointed by Governor Odell in 1901, but died in the following month. He was succeeded by Hon, P. W. Cullinan, his deputy, who conducted the office with honor to himself

114 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

and to the State until his successor was appointed by Governor Hughes in 1906. One of the most brilHant poHticians of the county was the Hon. Newton W. Nutting. Having been honored by election as school commissioner, district attorney and county judge, he was finally elected member of Congress. His engaging manners soon won the friendship of the leaders of the House, and he was thus enabled to obtain large appropriations for repairing the breakage of the enlarged harbor at Oswego. He died in the midst of his usefulness, in the 49th year of his age, in 1889. Hon. John C. Churchill was doubtless our ablest statesman. He had been city attorney, district attorney, county judge, and was afterwards elected member of Congress. His ability was immediately recognized, and he was selected as a member of the committee which drafted the 15th amendment to the National Constitution.

After serving two terms in Congress and going back to the practice of his profession for a while, he was placed on the bench of the Supreme Court in 1881 and served until 1891, when he was succeeded by the election of the writer, then serving on his second term as countv ludo-e, who served until December 31, 1905, since which time no one has been elected to the Supreme Court bench from Oswego. We had a hard contest between the Half-Breed and Stalwart factions. Hon. George B. Sloan, a leading financier and banker, an able man, was the leader of the Half- Breed faction as against the Stalwart faction, led by Mr.

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Thomas S. Mott, in the contest between Hon. James G. Blaine's friends and those of President Grant. The contest was bitter. Hot blood beat in the veins of the politicians. Mr. Sloan was several times elected member of the x4ssem- bly and State senator. It is believed that he might have received the nomination for Governor in preference to Governor Cornell if he had consented to his candidacy. There is no question that he would have been nominated for member of Congress later if he had conceded to certain requests by the dominant faction in Jeffez-son county in respect to patronage. He was a very useful man to the State in every position he held. The leader of the Democracy since Mr. Poucher's death is the Hon. Charles N. Bulger, the most brilliant man of the Democracy, who has held a remarkable grasp on his party. The fact that for twenty years, term after term, he was elected recorder for the city evidences his ability and popularity. In 1903 he was appointed by Attorney General Cunneen as his first deputy and dis- charged his duties with credit to the State. Hon. Nevada N. Stranahan, of Fulton, formerly honored by election as district attorney, member of Assem- bly, State senator, and appointed by President Roosevelt to the coUectorship of customs in New York city, has taken up his residence in England.

A resident of the same city, the Hon. Thomas D. Lewis, former member of Assembly, is entitled to the gratitude of the county for his successfid efforts in obtaining the inclusion of the Syracuse and Oswego

116 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES branch of the Erie canal in the movement for the construction of the new barge canal. The branch is now being constructed, much to the benefit and the improved appearance of the city on the river border. In the line of United States appointments, there may be mentioned the Hon. John S. Parsons, former county clerk, who has obtained reward for many years of faithful and efficient service by his appointment as collector of customs at this port. He is a young man of ability, and may be counted upon as influential in the councils of the party in this State.

Although not a politician, and having been strictly a lawyer of high standing and of great intellectual ability and learning, both legal and literary, the Hon. Sylvanus C. Huntington, of Pulaski, should be mentioned. He was county judge and district attorney and easily the leader of the bar of this county for many years. He died in 1894, being succeeded in practice by his son, equally able and successful, Mr. Sylvanus C. Huntington, Jr. Hon. Clark Morrison, mayor of Oswego in ISS^ and 188.5, managing editor of the Oswego Palladium, the only Democratic newspaper in the county, and joint owner, with LaVendee L. Sherman, of that plant, an able man, has wielded great influence in Democratic politics in the county, and his opinions have been respected in the State councils of that party. Hon. Sheddon B. Mead, of Fulton, former district

attorney and for two terms surrogate, a life-long Repub- lican, espoused in 1906 the cause of Hon. Francis H. Gates,

117 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES of Madison county, a Republican, as candidate for State senator, as against the regular Republican nominee, Hon. Thomas D. Lewis, of Fulton, former member of

Assembly and a politician belonging to the Stowell faction. During the last eight years of his occupancy of the county judgeship, which ended December, 1908, " " Judge Merrick Stowell was regarded as the boss of the party, but at the suffrance of the State committeeman. Col. John T. Mott. This revolt, headed by Mr. Mead in this county, led to the nomination of Mr. Gates for State senator on the independent Republican ticket and his endorsement by the Democratic party and his subsequent election. This defeat brought to a close the public career of Mr. Lewis. Many regarded it as untimely and undeserved. It showed, however, the resolute and daring force of the brilliant Mr. Mead in political leadership.

As an independent Republican force in politics, no more striking figure has appeared than Hon. David P. Morehouse. He arose conspicuously in 1902 in the contest between the candidacy of the independent nominee for justice of the Supreme Court, Mr. Watson, M. Rodgers, a Republican, of Jefferson county, and the regular Republican nominee, John C. Davis of Oneida county, former attorney general. The basis of the revolt was the alleged incompetency of Mr. Davis. Owing to the strenuous and incessant efforts of Mr. Morehouse and such determined characters as he, Mr. Davis was overwhelmed by a tremendous majority in

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this, the fifth, judicial district, ordinarily carrying a Republican majority of at least six thousand. Again, when Judge Stowell's candidate for county judge, Mv. William B. Baker, then district attorney, an able lawyer, was nominated in 1908, Mr. Morehouse headed a revolt against him and espoused the cause of Hon. Louis C. Rowe, a Democrat and former postmaster, and organizing a speaking campaign in conjunction with the Democratic party, overturned the historic great Repub- lican majority and elected Mr. Rowe. Mr. E. E. Forest, former county clerk and a fine officer, was nominated for county treasurer in 1907, but being prominent as a supporter of the Stowell faction, he was snowed under by the Democratic candidate, Mr. Fred M. Moore. He was succeeded by Mr. x'Vlbert McCarthy, a Republi- can, the present incumbent. It is remarkable that so implicit has been the confidence of the people in Mr. Morehouse that these revolts of his have not dimin- ished his influence in the party. When, in 1910, the contest came on between Mr. Luther W. Mott and

Judge Stowell for Congress, Mr. Morehouse ardently espoused the candidacy of Mr. Mott. Only ten delegates in favor of Mr. Stowell were elected in the county and they, in convention, united with the Mott forces and made this county unanimous for him. The representatives of this county, both in Congress and the State Assembly, have been characterized by economic considerations on public questions, and of none can this more appropriately be said than of Hon. Danforth

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E. Ainsworth, elected member of Assembly in 1886 and for six terms thereafter. As chairman of the ways and means committee and RepubHcan leader in 1894 and 1895, owing to his judicious management, the expenses of the State government were reduced over a milHon and a quarter dollars from the last preceding appropriation. After retiring from the Assembly he was appointed in June, 1895, deputy superintendent of public instruction, which office he filled for several years. The labor interests of this county found an ardent and efiicient advocate in Hon. Thomas M. Costello, member of Assembly, elected in 1895 and re-elected seven consecutive terms thereafter. As chairman of the com-

mittee on labor and industries he was frequently called into consultation by Governor Roosevelt respecting legislation affecting the laboring class. These characteristics of care and economy also apply to former Republican Assemblymen Hon. S. Mortimer Coon, Hon. Lewis P. Taylor, Hon. Frederick G. Whitney, and the present incumbent, Hon. Thaddeus C. Sweet. Mr. Whitney is entitled to much credit for successfully sustaining the efforts of Capt. Francis D. Culkin, then the commander of the 48th separate company of the N. Y. National Guard, in obtaining the necessary appropriation for the building of the fine new armory at and for Mr. Sweet's efforts there is a Oswego ; due large share of credit for obtaining the construction of the new Normal School building and securing the necessary

120 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES appropriation of three hundred thousand dollars therefor.

Its site consists of thirty acres on an elevation on the shore of Lake Ontario commanding a beautiful view of land and water.

There may be mentioned also as influential in party ranks among the Republicans, Hon. William H. Baker, of Constantia Hon. W. ex-congressman ; Timothy Skinner, for three terms surrogate, his last term ending in 1883; Hon. Wilbur H. Selleck, ex-member of Assembly, former sheriff and for many years, up to this date, deputy United States collector of customs at this Hon. point ; Clayton I. Miller, the present surrogate; Thomas Moore, many years county treasurer; Hon. Nathan B. Smith, of Pulaski, former member of Assembly, district attorney, U. S. referee in bankruptcy, and for the year preceding the last election a of the State deputy attorney general ; Hon. Avery S. Wright, the present U. S. referee in Caldwell B. elector bankruptcy ; Hon. Benson, national in 1904 and in the Dr. ; Democratic party. William J. Bulger, ex-mayor; Hon. John Fitzgibbons, the present Dr. E. S. mayor ; James INIansfield, ex-mayor; Giles former Democratic candidate for Piper, county judge ; O. M. Reilly, of Phoenix, an able lawyer. Among those prominent in the Prohibition party are Lieut. Clarence E. Pitts, of the 48th separate company of the National Guard, S. N. Y., and state chairman of the Prohibition party, and C. W. Richards, superintendent of schools of this city.

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The above mentioned revolts against Judge Stowell's "Bossism" did not decrease the influence of Col. John

T. Mott, the great majority being grateful when the issue came between Stowell and Luther W. Mott, which ended so tranquilly in favor of the historic Mott family. This sketch may do injustice to some worthy characters, but the limits of this article prevent their individual mention.

122 CHAPTER VII

Putnam County

COUNTY is a comparatively small, mountainous or the western PUTNAM very hilly county, side of which is pretty well filled up with the estates of well-known and wealthy families. It was a part of Dutchess county until 1812. In general, the county has been Republican and since 1880 has generally been in the control of Hon. Hamilton Fish and his friends, though occasionally another faction of the party, represented by Assemblyman John R. Yale, has had the upper hand. It is one of the counties of the old Dutchess-

Columbia-Putnam Congressional district, which was represented by General John H. Ketcham excepting the years 1892 to 1896. General Ketcham died only a few days before the election of 1906, having just been nominated for another term. The committee, hastily called together to find a candidate in time for the printing of his name upon the ballot, selected Samuel McMillan, of Putnam county, who was elected and served one term, being super- seded in 1908 by Hon. Hamilton Fish, whose term has just expired (March, 1911). Mr. McMillan was the first representative of Putnam county in Congress in a great many years. Putnam county people think they have

123 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES generally had the little end of the combination, for the same counties formed the Senatorial district and Columbia generally had the Senator. At the present time Dutchess has both the Senator and the representative in Congress, the Democrats having been victorious in the election of 1910.

Factionalism in Putnam county has largely been a sectional matter. The group of politicians about the county seat at Carmel, in the eastern side of the county, have often been opposed to those of the Cold Spring and Garrison neighborhood, along the Hudson river. Promi- nent politicians in recent years, besides Mr. Fish and Mr. Yale, have been Emerson W. Addis, Judge William Wood and Mr. Weeks, Henry Mabie, John Donahue, James E. Towner, Mr. Kent and Mr. Southard.

The county constitutes a single Assembly district.

Hon. Hamilton Fish, who then wrote his name Jr., first

represented the district in Albany in 1874. Then, with the

single exception of 1875, his service in the Assembly was continuous until 1880. He came back again in 1889 and served until 1892 then for a to ; gave place year Henry Ladue and in 1893 began a series of four more terms. He was speaker of the Assembly in 1895 and 1896. In 1897 and 1898 Emerson W. Addis represented Putnam county at Albany, and in 1899 Adrian H. Dean served a term, followed in 1900 and 1901 by WiUiam W. Everett. John R. Yale has been assemblyman from Putnam from 1902 to the present time.

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CotJNTy Officers COUNTY JUDGES AND SURROGATES

Edward Wriglit 1878 AViHiam AVood 1884 J. Bennett Southard 1902

DISTRICT AITORNEYS William Wood 1880 Frederic AV. Barnum 1884 Abram J. Miller 1885 Elisha N. Rusk 1897 J. Bennett Southard 1898 AVilliam H. Weeks 1901 Henry J. Rusk 1909

COUNTY CLERKS Edwin B. Thompson 1879 Edward C. Weeks 1881

SHERIFFS James O. Cole 1880 James J. Dakin 1883 Jeremiah W. Hazen 1884 James O. Cole 1887 Lewis E. Cole 1888 William E. Nelson 1889 James E. Warner 1891 Reuben R. Barrett 1892 Jeremiah W. Hazen 1894 John P. Donohue 1897 Jeremiah W. Hazen 1900 Leonard Jayeox 1903 Joseph Barry 1906 Charles E. Nichols 1909

125

CHAPTER VIII

Queens County By Harry S. Rushmore

little more than two hundred and fifty years ago a A small company of men, some from eastern Long Island and some from Connecticut, traveled west along an old Indian trail into what is now Queens county. They were the first white men ever to set foot in that division political of Long Island. The trail that they were following was approximately what is now Fulton Street and Jamaica Avenue, one of the principal business streets of the county, hned on both sides with handsome stores and office buildings, veritable hives of industry. The settlement they established was in the Jamaica of today. That first settlement in Jamaica was made in the year 1656. The settlers quickly obtained a patent for their town from Governor Stuyvesant and the Dutch West India Company. By the terms of the patent the settlers were granted a tract of land substantially identical with the present fourth ward of Queens county and Avere also granted certain political and governmental functions under the name of the town of Rusdorp. Already certain of the young Hollanders from Midwount, Amersfort and Breukelen, in what is now Kings county, had occupied

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farms in the west end of the town. The Hollanders had introduced a system of surveying the town lands which was quickly adopted by the English settlers. After the ceding of New York to England, Rusdorp became Craw- ford, by which it was known for a time, but before 1700 the name Jamaica had become firmly fixed and has remained ever since. As new settlements were made in the

large tract then known as Jamaica, new names were applied to the localities, so that in later years Woodhaven, Richmond Hill, Ozone Park, Queens, Hollis, Springfield and other places became thriving localities where at first the whole section was called Jamaica. During the last century the county of Queens can almost be said to have had no historical events of striking individual importance, its record during that period being one of steady and uneventful growth. Newtown, then the most westerly township of the county, had a population of 3,000 in the year 1793, while by 1850 that number had grown to 7,000. Closely associated with the history of old Newtown is the career of De Witt Clinton, who early in the last century had his country home in Maspeth, a portion of Newtown. Clinton was born in 1769, and after graduating from Columbia and studying law, was elected a State Senator in 1799. Three years later he was elected to the Federal Senate, resigning in 1803 to become mayor of New York of city. With the exception two yeats he remained mayor until 1815, serving at the same time as State Senator and Lieutenant Governor. In 1812 Madison defeated him

128 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES for the Presidency of the United States. Six years later he was elected Governor of the State, and thereafter his career was closely identified with the building of the Erie canal. He died in 1826, at the close of his third term as Governor. Woodside, Winfield, Elmhurst and Corona are other settlements in the old township of Newtown, but they came into being during the last half century. Long Island City, too, is comparatively modern, although some of the sections now included within it are very old. North Beach and Bowery Bay, for instance, were settled as early as 1638; Hunter's Point was settled in 1643, and Astoria in 1652. The latter gained its name from the promise of John Jacob Astor to contribute to the support of a female seminary then building in that place. Homer

Whittemore was first president of Astoria village. By 1869 there was a population of 16,000 in the western end of Newtown township, and the residents were anxious that a city should be established. A charter was prepared, and, in spite of some opposition by property owners who feared an increase in their taxes, it was adopted by both branches of the Legislature, signed by the Gov- ernor, and became a law on May 6, 1870. The charter divided the new city into five wards — the first, or Hunter's Point; the second, or Blissville; the third, or Ravenswood: the fourth, or Astoria; and the fifth, or Bowery Bay. It is interesting to note that the comparatively small new city of Long Island City then had as many wards as now exist in the whole county of Queens. Abram D. Ditmars was

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elected first mayor of the new city. In 1872 Long Island City was made the county seat of Queens, the seat of government being removed from Mineola. Long Island City was an independent municipality for twenty-seven years, during all of which time it was a storm center of politics. Patrick J. Gleason was easily the most striking figure in the political strife of the times. Gleason was born in Ireland in 1844 and came to New

York at the age of fifteen. His first position was in a Brooklyn brewery, where he received but $5 a month and his board. Gleason fought through the Civil War, gain- ing the rank of lieutenant. It was in 1869 that he first entered politics actively. His first run for office as assemblyman in the seventh district, Brooklyn, resulted in his defeat. He took it so strongly to heart that he went to San Francisco, but came back when he heard that some men were trying to build a car line in Long Island City on a franchise he had obtained before leaving. He himself ran the one car on his line for some time. Finally he controlled nearly all the lines in Long Island City. In 1887 he was elected mayor of Long Island City. Its affairs were in a wretched condition. In a short time he had wonderfully improved the administration. Gleason was an autocrat. He always had on hand a fight of some kind, his principal one being with the Long Island Rail- road Company, which closed several streets in Long Island City. It was then that the mayor gained the name of " Battle-Ax Gleason." Sallying out with a stout ax he chopped down the obstructions, daring the railroad

ISO OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

company to replace them. Always afterward he wore a diamond studded battle-ax as a scarf pin. After serving as mayor for two terms of three years' each he was defeated in 1892, but, refusing to admit his defeat, he took possession of the city hall, remaining there until the police, armed with a Court order, ejected him. He was elected mayor again in 1895, and had a year more to serve when Long Island City became a part of the borough of Queens. The history of Flushing, another important Queens locality, also dates back many years. In 1801 communication with New York was first established by means of a stage. College Point, near Flushing, was founded in 1835 by Dr. William A. Muhlenburg, a clergyman, who bought a large tract of land there with the intention of a building theological seminary. It became an incorporated village in 1880. Other nearby places are Whitestone, Bayside, Douglaston and Little Neck, which have all come into being within the last half century. Returning for a moment to the history of Jamaica, note must be made of an eminent citizen who figured largely in the politics of the State and Nation — Rufus King. He was born in Boston in 1755, and with Philip Schuyler as his colleague, was Senator from New York to the first Congress of the nation. In 1796 Washington sent him as minister to the Court of St. James, where he remained during the administration of Adams and part of Jefferson's first term. Upon his return to America he settled in Jamaica. He was elected Senator in 1813 and again in 1820. In 1825 he was for the second time

131 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES appointed minister to England. He died two years later and was buried in the churchyard of Grace Episcopal Church, Jamaica. Many of his descendants have played a prominent part in affairs, and in 1856 his eldest son, John Alsop King, was elected Governor of New York. The King place at Jamaica is now a public park. Jamai- ca became an incorporated village in 1814. — The political history of three large townships Newtown, Flushing and Jamaica — has now been taken up in detail. They comprised what is now the entire county of Queens. The second, and probably the most important, portion of the history of Queens deals with the county after it became a part of the city of New York, on January 1, 1898. Shortly after consolidation, the three eastern towns of — and North Queens county— Oyster Bay, Hempstead Hempstead feeling that they existed as part of Queens under intolerable conditions, being themselves not a part

of New York city, took measures to divorce their section from the old county. The county of Nassau was erected from the three townships. The first president of Queens borough, the boundaries of which coincide with those of the county, was Frederick Bowley, of Long Island City. He was born in 1853 and was a wholesale and retail butcher when elected to office.

He filled one term of two uneventful years. He was succeeded by Joseph Cassidy, who filled one term of two years. Then the term was made four years in length, and Cassidy was re-elected. In 1906 Joseph Bermel took

132 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

office, ami in 1910 Lawrence Gresser. But during the ten years since Joseph Cassidy first took office, there has been almost continual political strife in Queens county. Coupled with it there have been charges and counter- charges against the men in office under each administra- " tion, until the borough has gained the name of Darkest Queens," and, when the amount of storm and strife is considered, apparently with good reason. Joseph Cassidy, the second borough president, has many friends and many enemies. The former say that he gave Queens a good administration; that he improved and maintained the roads; that he inaugurated vast public works, some of which he brought to completion, and that the interests of the borough were always foremost in his mind. His enemies say, for one thing, that when he entered office he was virtually a poor man, but that when he ceased to be borough president he owned a $50,000 home in Far Rockaway, a yacht, two large automobiles, and large tracts of real estate. Joseph Bermel was Cassidy's commissioner of public works. He claimed, previous to the election of 1905, that Cassidy had promised to withdraw from the contest for a third term as borough president and yield the field to him. Cassidy, however, was again nominated for re- election. Then the friends of Bermel placed his name on an independent ticket and succeeded in electing him. Bermel did not serve out his term. Before half of it had elapsed charges of grafting were being made against him. One of the most stirring days in the history of

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Queens politics was that when process servers, seeking to serve Bermel with a notice to appear before the grand jury of the county to tell of his stewardship, found that he had eluded them by ten minutes and was on his way to Europe on a steamer that had sailed that morning. His last act before leaving was to resign his office. Lawrence Gresser was Bermel's commissioner of public works. He was elected by the five aldermen of the county, after a stormy meeting, in which great pressure was brought to bear to secure the election of former Bor- ough President Cassidy to fill Bermel's unexpired term. During the first few months that he served as borough president, Gresser won the confidence of many of the people. He was nominated in 1909 to succeed himself. But it was on an independent ticket, for Cassidy, who still retained the leadership of the Democratic organization of the county, had himself nominated for borough president by the Democratic county machine. Then followed one of the bitterest campaigns in the history of the city. Lurid posters were plastered over the county, extolling each of the candidates and condemning each of them, as the case might be. The Republicans, who had never been in power in the county, believed that their long-sought opportunity had arrived. They nominated Joseph H. DeBragga for borough president. But DeBragga was not personally popular in all sections of the county. Many Republicans openly avowed their intention of working for the election of Gresser, the independent Democrat. De Bragga, upon whom the Republicans had pinned their hopes of entering

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the breach in the Democratic ranks and sliding easily through to victory, was found to be third when the votes were counted. Gresser had been elected and Cassidy was second. Gresser entered upon his duties after his election on the first of January, 1910. Already he has discovered that a borough president of Queens wears a veritable crown of thorns. He, too, has had charges made against him, and the Governor has been petitioned to remove him from office. A grand jury indicted him, but the indictment was dismissed. Governor Charles E. Hughes appointed a special commissioner to take testimony both for and against him. The investigation is being conducted as this history is written. At the same time, the grand jury of the county, directed by a specially-appointed prosecutor in the person of Arthur C. Train, is also investigating the borough administration. Sixty-nine indictments against office-holders and others have been returned, with the expectation of more to follow. No political history of Queens would be complete without a further mention of Joseph Cassidy. In the face of what many would have considered overwhelming opposition, Cassidy has controlled the machine Democrats of the county for the past ten years. Although defeated by Gresser for the borough presidency, he has kept control of the Democratic county committee, of which he is chairman. He is credited with having much to do with the control of politics in Queens county ever since he was first elected to govern the borough ten years ago. Cassidy

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was born and reai'ed in Long Island City. He engaged in

business in his earlier years. His first political position was given to him in 1893, when he was appointed excise commissioner by Mayor Sanford, of Long Island City. Shortly afterward he was elected an alderman, and he

held both positions simultaneously. His power in politics increased steadily until, in 1900, he was elected to the highest office in the borough. Supreme Court Justice Garret J. Garretson, who resides in Elmhurst, was re-elected in November. He was renominated by the Republicans, but refused a renomination by the Brooklyn Democrats, through the dictation of Leader McCooey. Notwithstanding the fact that Nov- ember, 1910, proved a Democratic landslide. Justice Garretson was re-elected by a plurality of over 10,000, voters of all political affiliations flocking to his support. They desired to give Brooklyn an object lesson for seeking to gobble up Queens' only resident Supreme Court justice, and they succeeded beyond their expectations. County Judge Burt Jay Humphrey, a resident of Jamaica, studied law in New York State, then went to the State of Washington, returning to settle in Jamaica about the time of consolidation. His rise has been rapid. He is now serving his second term as county judge of Queens. Surrogate Daniel Noble, also a resident of Jamaica, has served the county a dozen years and has just been re-elected for another term of six years. Surrogate Noble is regarded as one of the ablest lawyers in Queens.

136 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Among other prominent politicians of Queens county can be mentioned Col. William M. Griffith, chairman of the Republican county committee from 1909 to 1910, who is a well-known banker of Jamaica, being former president of the Queens County Trust Company: Walter H. Bunn, former clerk of Oswego county, who is now commissioner of public works of Queens; H. Homer ^Nloore, a veteran Republican leader, who has just been elected chairman of the Republican county committee, and Herbert S. Harvey, ex-sheriff of the county, who for the past two or three years has shared with Joseph Cassidy the honor of being considered Democratic county leader. The following are at present the principal office- holders in the county: Borough president, Lawrence Gresser; Supreme Court justice. Garret J. Garretson; surrogate, Daniel Noble; county judge, Burt Jay Humph- rey; State senator, Dennis J. Harte; county clerk, Martin Mager; sheriff, Thomas Quinn; congressman, Martin W. Littleton, Democrat, who defeated William W. Cocks, the Republican representative, after a hard-fought campaign. Mr. Littleton's district^includes all of Long Island, except Brooklyn and a small section of Queens.

137

CHAPTER IX

22nd Congressional District

By William J. Campbell

Rensselaer and Washington counties, which BOTHnow form the 2'-2nd Congressional district of the State, have suffered through the pulling in and hauhng politics. Both are Republican, Washing- ton county overwhelmingly so, and when those territories have been linked together there was hardly ever a chance for a Democrat to be sent to Washington to represent the people of the two big districts. As a consequence, whenever the Democratic party of the State has taken hold of the reins of government Rensselaer and Washington ties were officially severed. Washington was tacked onto some northern counties and Rensselaer was made to head a list of a tier extending southward down the Hudson valley. Washington and Rensselaer were together from 1880 to 1890, when the Democratic party coming into authority politically after the Federal census had been taken, swept the two counties apart. Rensselaer was added to a chain of counties extending down the river, with Columbia as her adjoining neighbor, and Washington was collected with Saratoga, Warren and others to the north.

139 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

In 1901, the Republicans having again gained control, Washington and Rensselaer were reunited and the district was named the 22nd, as it is known today. Hon. William H. Draper, of Troy, who was elected a member of Con- gress in 1900 when Rensselaer was a part of the 19th district, was the choice of the next Congressional convention of Rensselaer and Washington counties. He was elected and has served continuously ever since the 22nd district was formed. There have been many stirring political battles fought within the confines of the district, especially in Rensselaer county, which is more thickly settled, and as a consequence the voters outnumber those of the northern territory. Both counties are rich in historical lore, going back to the time of Colonial days, when the Indians sailed in their canoes along the Hudson and the Hoosick and roamed through the woods and over the fields, bartering with the Colonists and at times waving the red torch of war. Rens- selaer county was the original home of the famous tribe of the Mohicans, who remained there until 1628, when they fled to the Connecticut valley. Uncas, the hero of Cooper's Leather Stocking tales, was their leader. The Mohicans had their lodges in the southern part of the county and the Horicons occupied the northern section of the territory. The great eastern Indian trail led up the Hudson valley, across to the valley of the Hoosick, over the Hoosac mountains, now pierced by the famous Hoosac tunnel, thence to the headwaters of the Deerfield river " and down that stream to the broad valley of Quon-eh-ti-

140 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

cut," as it was termed in the Indian tongue, and thence to Massachusetts Bay. There was always bitter war between the Algonquins of New England and the Iroquois of New York State, and the old Eastern Indian trail which led through this county was used by both war parties. In 1(563 a party of several hundred Mohicans \\ent up the Hoosick valley and crossing the mountains fell upon the Pacomp-tucks and the Squak-heags of the Connecticut valley at Deerfield and Northfield and laid waste the country. King Philip, in the winter of 1675-76, left for awhile the scenes of his conflicts with the white race, and crossing the mountains over the great trail rested in the northern part of Rensselaer county. Gov- ernor Andross, of New York, wrote to the Governor of Connecticut that Philip, with four or five hundred fighting men, was to the north of Albany and that the Indians intended to spend the winter there. The greater part of the famous battle of Bennington, when Burgoyne was defeated and forced to fall back upon Saratoga, where he was bottled up until he was compelled to surrender, was fought near Walloomsac, Rensselaer county. During the Civil War the county sent many of its sons to fight for the preservation of the Union, and John A. Griswold and J. F. Winslow of Troy, the county seat, were two of the men who guaranteed the building of the famous INIonitor, which drove off the feared INIerrimac at Hampton Roads and revolutionized naval warfare, and it Avas in the iron works at Troy that all the plates, the in all the iron turret, fact, work for the novel fighting craft, were made.

141 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

But while Rensselaer county has its honorable record for the deeds its sons performed in the days of the forming of the republic, and later in its preservation, it is most renowned in peace. It is situated at the head of tidewater on the Hudson and directly opposite the eastern terminus of the Mohawk river, which extends nearly across the

State, tapping a rich territory and permitting an outlet to market for the products of the West that would be carried down the Mohawk valley. Situated as it is, the county could not be other than an important factor in trade and commerce.

Rensselaer county was originally a part of Albany county. March 24, 1772, this great county was divided, and the parts set off to the north and west were known as the counties of Tryon and Charlotte, but Rensselaer, which was known as Rensselaerwyck, still remained as a portion of the original county. Other parts of the territory that are now included in Rensselaer, and which were then similar in scope to Rensselaerwyck, were Greenbush, Schodack, Schaghticoke and Hoosick. Rensselaer county was finally set apart in 1791. The county is bounded on the north by Washington county and on the east by Vermont and Massachusetts; to the south runs Columbia county and on the west is the Hudson. The extreme length, north to south, is 32 miles, and the average width east and west is 22 miles. It contains 690 square miles, or 441,600 acres.

The voting strength of the district is a little over 40,000, that being shown when the vote for the 60th

142 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Congress was taken, the total number cast being 40,417, of which Mr. Draper received 22,344 and his Democratic opponent 17,188. In the election previous to that Mr. Draper's opponent was Winfield S. Huppuch, who was recently appointed a member of the State Public Service Commission. During the time Rensselaer and Washing- ton counties have been embraced in the 22nd district there have been practically no special incidents or battles at the polls of more than the ordinary character that would make the situation other than it is, one of firm

Republican control. The present alignment—Rensselaer, with its quite safe Republican majority of about 2,000, and Washington, having from 3,000 to 5,000—is one so pregnant with strength that Democratic assault is dis- counted each time as to its success before the charge is made election day. In years gone by, however, when elections in this State and especially in the thickly-settled were dishonest of communities, ; when gangs repeaters went from polling place to polling place and voted early and as the often, saying goes ; when ballot boxes were stuffed by the fighting party and the better class of citizens were awed and driven away from the election places — there was a far different story. Both Rensselaer and Washington counties are in canal districts, the former being directly connected with both the Erie and the Champlain canals and the latter having the Champlain waterway within its borders. In those days there was more business on the canals than at present, and many of the men followed who the canal for a living were regarded

143 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES as being rough, lawless and reckless, and their manner of living went far to back this estimate up. On election day gangs of these men would be taken in charge by a district boss, and before they were through for the day they had been hustled pretty nearly through the counties and had been voted as fast as it was possible to receive the names and the ballot. Gangs of men came from Whitehall, at the northern end of Washington county, to Troy and they were at voted the different precincts of the city. Groups left Troy in Rensselaer county and went to Whitehall and I other larger places, where the illegal votes were cast and, moreover, counted. Those were the days of might and right, with the former on top.

The shooting and killing of Robert Ross at the polls in Troy, in 1894, Rensselaer county then being a part of the 19th Congressional district, so aroused the anger of the better class of citizens all through the State that a movement was commenced which had for its aim the purification of elections, and it succeeded. The success of this movement was due in no small measure to a resident of Troy who later on became Governor of the State of New York, Frank S. Black. Mr. Black was practicing law in Troy in those days and his first steps were marked by the vigor and determination of purpose which later on became so widely recognized. It was largely due to his untiring work, his executive ability and his extreme con- centration that the murderer of Ross was convicted and later executed. Mr. Black did not appear in the trial; he remained outside and kept up the drive after the

144 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES politicians until there was a turnover and Rensselaer county returned a Republican majority. Later on his power as a ruler was felt throughout the new district, the 22nd, when Rensselaer and Washington were linked together.

Mr. Black is easily one of the foremost figures in the history of Rensselaer county. He was sent to Congress by the Republican party. Then came his brilliant speech at the State Republican convention held in Saratoga, followed by his nomination for the office of Chief Executive of the Empire State. One of his early acts was to bring about better conditions for elections. He was responsible for the first primary law, and thus took the initial and far- reaching step which finally resulted in the correction of the abuses that had made election day a mockery in most of the cities and places of any size in the State. Today he is a national character. He is regarded by many as being the most brilliant, most trenchant public speaker in the country and as a statesman of the highest rank. Troy is the center for the collar and cuff industry of the world. It has long been noted for its product in the line of collars, cuffs and shirts, and many thousands of people are given employment in the large factories. Dur- ing the argument in Congress over the items of the Wilson low tariff bill, when Cleveland was President, one of the unique features was the presentation of a gigantic book which contained the signatures of thousands of people to a petition that the duty on collars and cuffs be not changed. The book was of such size that it took several men to carry it into the House and along down the central aisle to a

145 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES table. Hon. Charles D. Haynes, of Kinderhook, Columbia county, was the representative then for the 19th district. When the Dingley tariff bill was up for discussion and Washington and Rensselaer counties were represented, as they are at present, by Mr. Draper, there was a clash over this same question of protection for the collar industry. At that time it was pointed out that if the rate was lowered there would be a flood of cheap collars and cuffs from Japan and Germany, and that the manufacturers who paid high wages in Troy could not compete with the makers of the cheap goods abroad, who paid their hands a much lower rate of wages. Mr. Draper was successful in fending off this possible action. Other distinguished Trojans who have since passed away were Hon. William L. Marcy, who was secretary of war under President Pierce, and Hon. John M. Francis, who was United States minister (as they were then designated) to Greece, Roumania and Servia and Austria. His son, Hon. Charles S. Francis, of Troy, walked in the path of his father, having served as ambassador to the same countries that the elder Mr. Francis had in charge. Another virile character was Hon. Martin I. Town- send, who served for a number of years as a member of

Congress. Mr. Townsend was a native Trojan and one of the most remarkable men the county of Rensselaer has been responsible for. At the time of his death he was the oldest living alumnus of Williams College. He was noted for his powers as a ready debater while in

146 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Congress, and whenever he arose to deliver a set speech the House was sure to be filled, for a treat was always anticipated. Trov also has contributed to the ranks of United

States Senators. Hon. Edward Murphy, Jr., who for years was one of the big Democratic leaders in New York State, is a native Trojan. Mr. Murphy is still the leader of the Democratic forces in Rensselaer county, and in the Con- gressional district, for that matter. The Democrats are in such a hopeless minority that politically, as far as offices are concerned in county affairs, or as to the Con- gressional district, they do not count for very much. Cornelius V. Collins, of Troy, who recently resigned the office of Superintendent of State Prisons, is the recognized Republican leader now of Rensselaer county, and when the Congressional district is concerned he is pretty much " the boss," too, as Rensselaer generally dictates the nomination.

Although the big book of petitioners regarding the collar tariff during Cleveland's time came before the House of Representatives when Haynes stood for Renssel- aer and Columbia and the other counties to the south, the " credit of "sliooing^off adverse legislation to the collar industry was universally given to United States Senator Murphy, who was one of the most popular men in public life in Washington at the time and whose years of experience made him the man of the hour.

There is another interesting incident in the life of Senator Murphy, and it is to the effect that Roosevelt's career would have been at least postponed for some

147 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES time, if not shut off altogether, if it had not been for the Senator from Troy who represented the Empire State in connection with his colleague. It was through Senator Murphy that the then plain Mr. Roosevelt was made assistant secretary of war, although Senator Arthur Pue Gorman of Maryland and other powerful men were out gunning for the young New Yorker. This appointment brought Roosevelt into the limelight and then the Spanish- American war came along. Roosevelt went to Cuba and came back a popular hero. He was nominated for Governor of New York State, elected, and later destiny, or fate — such as it niay be — made a Vice President of him, and then came the assassination of the beloved McKinley and Roosevelt's elevation to the office of President of the United States. Mr. Black was the chieftain of the Republicans until a few years ago when he relinquished control. His law practice had grown to such importance in New York the city, where he had moved, that he could no longer give

time to politics that he formerly did. Former Superintendent of Prisons Collins will be remembered especially throughout the State as the chief lieutenant for Roosevelt at Saratoga, when the doughty " " Colonel pounded the Old Guard at Saratoga with his " famous Big Stick." A large delegation of Republicans from Rensselaer county attended the convention. Ex-Gov- ernor Black, although urged to take up the fight against

his old foe, Roosevelt, declined, and the political history of Rensselaer county took a queer slant as a consequence.

148 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

The early chapter of the story which reached its conckision at Saratoga last fall had all to do with the fighting of Rensselaer, and Washington, too, for that matter, under the banner of Frank S. Black, who wanted to be renominated and whom Piatt said should not be thus favored. Black

and his faithful fighters from Rensselaer county, than whom there was no more ardent supporter than Cornelius V. Collins, went to Saratoga and fought it out. It was known that he could not win, as the organization was then in its strongest form. Black went down with his colors

flying and with the respect of the convention and all who

have admiration for a fighter. Then there came the last Saratoga, when the Rensselaer Republicans flocked together under Leader Collins and shouted for Roosevelt, the man who took Black's place on the ticket at the first Saratoga. Col. Abe Gruber, the New York lawyer who, with William H. Barnes, lashed out right and left at Roose- velt and his friends, made a most bitter allusion to the new coalition, Roosevelt and the Rensselaer county Republicans. He told how in the other convention they

had roared defiance to the last at Piatt, Roosevelt, et al., and now how they were lined up under the shadow of the " " Big Stick and had deserted their champion Black in order to fawn upon the new "boss." Hon. A. V. S. Cochrane, justice of the Supreme Court, represented the 19th district, of which Rensselaer county

was a part, from 1896 to 1898. Black, when Governor, brought a storm of criticism upon his head by the appointment of his friend, Louis F.

149 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Payn, to be superintendent of state insurance. When Black was a candidate for Congress in the 19th district Payn was his staunch friend, and the naming of him for the important office was one of the new Governor's first official acts. The appointment was discussedj_in harsh terms by many in the State who were unfriendly to

Payn because of politics. John A. Quackenbush was a former leader of the Republican party in Rensselaer county, the Washington- Rensselaer district in 1888-1890. He was from the old town of Schaghticoke in Rensselaer county, and will be remembered in both counties of the district for his strength of character and power as a leader. Mr. Quackenbush secured the new government building for Troy. Hon. Walter A. Wood of Hoosick Falls, the manufacturer of the reaping machine which bore his name and is sold all over the world, also represented the district in the late '80's. Those were the days when a leader became such mainly through the power of a strong personality which aroused enthusiasm among his followers even to the militant point. x\ll of these men possessed that personality in a marked degree. Washington county was originally Charlotte county, and on April 2, 1784, the name was changed to Washing- ton, after the great leader who had outwitted the British and brought the Continentals safely through to victory after years of wearying struggle. Charlotte county was originally all the northern part of the State lying easterly of the Tryon county line and northerly of the present county of Saratoga

150 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES and the Battenkill, now in Washington county. It also included the westerly half of the State of Vermont, including the lands with disputed territory known as the New Hampshire grants. The county was named Charlotte, after Princess Charlotte, daughter of King George III of

England, or, as some have it, the Queen consort Charlotte of Mecklinburgh Stelitz. The original county seat was Fort Edward, and the first Court held there was on October 19, 1773, by Judge William Duer. The first clerk was Daniel McCrea, brother of Jane McCrea, whose tragic death occurred soon after near where the Court sat. The present county seat is Hudson Falls, which for years was known as Sandy Hill, the Legislature recently having passed a bill making the change in name. The seat of one of the ranges of the Adirondacks is in Washington county, namely, the Palmerton range. Dur- ing the Colonial days the entire territory was the scene of fighting between the French and Indians on the one side and the English on the other, and then between the English and Indians and the Colonials, who were fighting for their independence under Washington.

Washington county is without a city, although it has a number of villages of good size. Wliitehall, in the northern part of the county, is the largest in view of population and commercial importance, but it has some of the most delightful garden spots of New York State within its confines. Cambridge and Salem are models of the fine old village that, with broad streets and spreading trees shading the walks and stately dwellings, has made

151 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES that type of New York State rural places famous and has caused more than one distinguished writer on passing through them to describe them as beauty spots of the universe. The business of the county is essentially that of the farm and at the present time the dairy is the principal thing. Washington county butter, cream and milk are famous, as are also the potatoes and the pork. It is a broad, fertile tract, peopled by a sturdy lot of men and women whose fathers and ancestry before them owned and worked the farms which they in turn now hold. The last congressman to represent Washington county in the district with Rensselaer was Henry G. Burleigh,

back in the late '80's, and he was one of the most pictur-

esque of the political characters of Republican Washington. " " He was popularly known as Bounding Burleigh and he had a wide acquaintance far beyond the borders of the State. He was an intimate friend of James G. Blaine.

Burleigh served two terms in Congress and then he was beaten by Edward W. Greenman, of Troy, who was put on the Democratic ticket by Leader Murphy of the Rens- selaer forces. There was a peculiar combination of events

politically that year that conspired to beat the Republicans,

and the Democrats craftily took advantage of them and squeezed Greenman through the lines. The latter only served one term, however, for at the next election the

district went solidly Republican. I. V. Baker has been

one of the well known men in the political limelight for a

number of years.

152 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Hon. John A. Dix, present Governor of State of New York, is one of the ilkistrious sons of Washington county. In 1910 he succeeded WiUiam J. Conners, of Buffalo, as chairman of the Democratic State committee, and through his tact and excellent management the Democratic party of New York State became united, and at the Rochester convention of the party Mr. Dix received the nomination for Governor and was elected in November, 1910, by a plurality of 67,401. The following is a list of the principal officers in Rensselaer county since 1883:

County Officers county judges E. L. Fursman 1883 L. E. Griffith 1890 Henry T. Nason 1897 M. A. Tierney 1903 SURROGATES Moses Warren 1883 William Lord 188-1 James Lansing 1890 A. C. Comstock 1896

W^ I. Heaton 1902

DISTRICT ATTORNEYS LaMott W. Rhodes 1883 L. E. Griffith 1888 John P. Kelly 1891 W. O. Howard 1897 Jarvis P. O'Brien 1903 Abbot Jones 1909

COUNTY CLERKS James Keenan 1883 Shepard Tappen 1884

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Daniel E. Conway 1887 E. W. Greenman 1892 Erancis Riley 1893 R. H. Van Alstjue 1896 Erancis Riley 1899 A. R. Thompson 1902 Jacob V. Jacobs 1904 Erederick Cote 1910

SHERIFFS Eben C. Reynolds 1883 James Keenan 1886 Shepard Tappen 1889 Hammon Ilerrington 1892 C. V. Collins 1895 Egbert E. DeEreest 1898 M. A. Heeran 1901 Victor M. Allen 1904 James H. Van Buren 1910

COUNTY TREASURERS Erank P. Harder 1883 Thomas Dickson 1889 David Morey 1892 George H. Morrison 1895 John Don 1897 Elias P. Mann 1900 Arthur McArthur 1906

154 CHAPTER X

Richmond County

COUNTY, now forming a part of RICHMONDGreater New York, which is treated elsewhere in this work, will only be briefly referred to in this connection. It comprises Staten Island and is now known " as the Borough of Richmond." Staten Island was visited by Hendrick Hudson, in 1609, in his celebrated voyage of discovery. It was purchased of the Indians in 1630, and formed a part of the tract known as "Parona," in the early Dutch records. It soon reverted, however, to the West India Company, and in 1636 a part of the island was granted to D. P. DeVries and a colony was planted there in 1639. The remaining part of the island was granted to Cornelius Melyn in 1640. The following year Melyn and his family settled upon this grant, and in June, 1642, he obtained letters patent. No evidence has come to hand that Hudson circum- navigated the island, but that he was conscious of its insular character is evident from the name which he " applied to it, Staaten Eylant." The Indians called " the island Aquehonga Manacknong," and in some " ancient documents it is called Egquahons" (the place of the woods).

155 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Richmond county was organized November 1, 1683.

Those who held the first official positions were as follows : Members of the Provincial Congress in 1775-6, Adrian Bancker, Richard Connor, Aaron Cortelyou, John Journ- eay, Richard Lawrence and Paul Micheau. Daniel D. Tompkins, member of Congress in 1805-6; Paul Micheau, State senator in 1789; Ellis Duxbury, county judge, 1691; John Dalby, member of Colonial Assembly, 1691; Francis Williamson, county clerk, 1682; Walter Dongan, surrogate, 1733; John Palmer, sheriff, 1683; George Metcalf, district attorney, 1818. Richmond county has furnished distinguished men

to the political life of the State who have left honorable records as leaders and statesmen. Daniel D. Tompkins, who was the first member of Congress, was elected Gov- ernor in 1807 for a three-year term; re-elected in 1810, 1813 and 1816; elected Vice-President in 1817. He died

June 11, 1825.

A list of members of Congress, Senate and Assembly may be found in the appendix of this work.

156 CHAPTER XI

Rockland County

By J. Walker Ruttenber.

COUNTY is well named. There are and ROCKLANDmany hills, a considerable part of the Hudson River front is a continuation of the

Palisades. Rockland was part of Orange until 1798, and has a in place Revolutionary history from the trial and execution of Major Andre, which took place within its borders. It is also notable that of a total white population of but 1,000 in the district 300 soldiers were furnished for the patriotic forces. The first influx of population in the county came from brick-making along the river front, where there were valuable clay banks. The railroads then brought in a desirable element of New York commuters, and the of in the percentage growth past decade was large. Of men noted in public affairs in modern times in Rockland can be mentioned Judge Suffern, who was a fine public speaker; Adam Lilburn, George W. Weiant, John Ferdon, Irving Brown, General Hedges, Alonzo Wheeler, William H. Snow, Clarence Lexow and Arthur S. Tompkins.

157 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Mr. Ferdon, who was elected to Congress in 1878, was a lawyer who had seen service in the Senate and Assembly. Clarence Lexow, Republican, a New York lawyer born in Brooklyn in 1852 and who lived at Nyack, began his political career by sustaining two successive defeats for Congress. In 1893 he was elected State senator and re-elected in 1895. In 1894 Mr. Lexow introduced in the Senate the resolution for an investigation of the affairs of the city of New York, and as chairman of the Lexow Committee his reputation became national. At this time he was prominently mentioned for Governor, but tliis honor was destined to be conferred on his rival, B. B. Odell, Jr. With the latter's steady advancement came Senator Lexow's retirement. No man in Rockland county has ever had such uniform political success as Albert S. Tompkins, Republican, who was one of the Gubernatorial possibilities in 1910 if a dark horse had been selected. After holding local positions in Nyack he became assemblyman, county judge, congressman and justice of the Supreme Court, a position he is now holding. Of the Democrats of Rockland Michael McCabe, editor of the Haverstraw Times, has been an astute leader for twenty years and has served his party on the State committee. County Clerk

The present incumbent, Hon. Cyrus M. Crum, occupies an almost unparalleled position in public affairs.

158 OFFICIAL NEAV YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES particulary in that he has held the office of county clerk of Rockland county continuously for nearly 42 years. He was first elected in November, 1868, having been nominated at the Democratic convention in that year, and following a stormy campaign for the position. His long lifetime of office-holding has not been without its troubles. When denied a nomination by the Democratic party he was nominated by the Republicans and succeeded in defeating the then perhaps most popular Democrat of the day, Mr. Abram A. Blauvelt, who subsequently became the nominee of the Democratic party for county treasurer and was elected. Mr. Crum was elected by a large majority. Subsequently Mr. Crum was denied a nomination by both political parties and becoming an independent candidate was again elected. His hold on the affections of the people has never been explained, except in that he is extremely courteous and loses no opportunity to serve his constituents pleasantly. Mr. Crum was the nominee of the Democratic party for the fifteenth consecutive term, at the election in 1910, and notwithstanding he was opposed by a young, popular and vigorous candidate, and his old-fashioned way of conducting public office was extensively criticised, he was elected by a vote that left little or no doubt in the minds of the people as to what their opinions were of the venerable office-holder.

Chairman Board of Supervisors

Josiah Felter, Democrat, supervisor of the town of Haverstraw and long the representative of that town in

159 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES the board of supervisors, was first elected to the position at the session of 1881 and continued in that position unin- terruptedly until the year 1898 and 1899, when the Hon. Andrew X. Fallon, supervisor of the town of Orangetown, served as chairman. In 1900 Mr. Felter was again elected and served continuously until the end of 1905, when Mr. Oscar Reynolds, Republican, succeeded him as supervisor of the town of Haverstraw, Mr. Reynolds serving I as chairman during the years 1906-7. Mr. Felter was again re-elected supervisor of the town of Haverstraw and served as chairman in the sessions of 1908-9.

Frank S. Harris, Republican, the present supervisor of the town of Ramapo, is the present chairman of the board of supervisors.

County Judge and Surrogate

The offices of county judge and surrogate are combined in Rockland county and notwithstanding the law makes provisions for the selection of separate officials for these positions, this legal provision has never been taken advantage of. The Hon. George W. Weiant was elected county judge and surrogate in 1882 and held office continuously until December, 1893, when he was disqualified by illness, and William McCauley, Jr., was appointed by the then Supreme Court Justice, Charles F. Brown, until the termination of the term. Both Mr. Weiant and Mr. McCauley were Democrats.

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Arthur S. Tompkins, Republican, having been elected at the election of 1893, held office to April, 1899, when having been elected a member of Congress, he resigned, and Alonzo Wheeler, Republican, was appointed by the Governor to fill the unexpired term. Hon. Andrew X. Fallon, Democrat, of Piermont, was elected at the election of 1899 and assumed office on January 1, 1900, being re-elected in the election of 1905, holding office until his death in 1908, when Mr. Alonzo Wheeler, Republican, was again appointed by the Gov- ernor and served until January 1, 1909, when he was succeeded by William McCauley, Democrat, who had been elected at the annual election of 1908 and who is still serving in that position. Population, 46,873.

Sheriffs (D) Henry Christie 1880 (D) John A. Herring 1883 (D) WilHam H. Thompson 1886 (D) John F. Shankey 1889 (D) George Dickey/. 1892 (R) Edward S. Anness* 1895 (R) Wilson P. Foss 1897 (R) WiUiam Dewey 1897 (D) CorneHus V. A. Blauvelt 1898 (D) Fred S. Weiant 1901 (R) WiUiam Dewey 1904 (R) Oscar Maroneyf 1905 (D) Larry W. Serven 1907 (R) August J. Gross 1910

*Mr. Anness died while holding office, March 10, 1897. Wilson P. Foss served as sheriff until April 5, when William Dewey was appointed by the Governor to fill the unexpired term. fMr. Dewey died while holding office, and Mr. Maroney served the balance of the unexpired term.

161

CHAPTER XII

St. Lawrence County

LAWRENCE COUNTY was formed from ST. Clinton and parts of ^Montgomery and Herkimer March 3, 1802. The first white settlement was made by Francis Picquet, a French Sulpitian who established an Indian mission at the mouth of the Oswegatchie in 1749. The county includes the tract known as the " Ten Towns," or tract No. 2 of Macomb's Purchase.

Before 1800 there were few settlers in the district, and at the commencement of the War of 1812 only about 8,000 inhabitants in the entire county, embracing 821,879 acres. At the close of the war the county rapidly filled up and gradually increased in population and influence and as the years went on occupied a prominent and leading position among the counties of Western New York. From the organization of the Republican party, St. Lawrence has been devoted to the principles of that organization, and may justly be called a rock-ribbed Republican county, and those of her citizens who have been called to official positions have reflected honor upon their county and the State. A list of these will be found in another portion of this work.

163

CHAPTER XIII

Saratoga County By Hon. Nash Rockwood

COUNTY, taken from Albany county SARATOGAon February 8, 1791, has long been noted for its prominent part in the poHtieal history of the State. The county is bounded on its entire eastern and much of its northern Hmits by the Hudson river, and on the southerly by the Mohawk river, so that its location made it a strategic point both previous to the revolution and during that period, when its fertile fields were the scene of many a conflict. Its proximity to both the Adirondacks and the Green Mountains, with the extensive watershed thus afforded, has given the county an unusual water power, which has found its development in the vicinity of Fort Edward, Hudson Falls, South Glens Falls, Fort Miller, Stillwater, Mechanicville, Waterford and Cohoes. At these points mills and manufacturing plants of various kinds have been erected and furnish employment to thousands of people. The underlying rock formation of the county is also imusual, and geologists state that in this locality is to be found the oldest rock formation in the world and many geological peculiarities. In and about the village of Sara- toga Springs is a stratum of limestone and a well-defined

165 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES geological fault, which has permitted mineral waters highly charged with carbonic acid gas to find their way to the surface through fissures in the rocks. These waters were known and valued by the native settlers years before the region was visited by white men. Thereafter these mineral springs acquired a wide reputation, and the village of Saratoofa attained celebritv as a health resort. It was visited by Washington, Martin Van Buren, Henry Clay, John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, and all of the influential men of the Revolutionary and succeeding period. This popularity led to the erection later on of large hotels, so that for over a century Saratoga and its springs have been world-renowned as a pleasure and health resort.

From a small and comparatively unimportant village, the population has grown to about twelve thousand, and in the summer time this is very largely augmented by visiting guests. This resort to Saratoga of prominent men from various parts of the country has made it the meeting place for years of numerous political parties and organizations and public conventions, and it may perhaps be said that no other place in the Empire State has witnessed the making of so much political history as Saratoga. Added prominence was early given to Saratoga by the residence there of Chancellor Reuben Hyde Walworth, who in 1828 was appointed chancellor of the State of New York, which office he held for twenty years and until the new constitution of 1848 abolished the Court of Chancery. The decisions of Chancellor Walworth, running through eleven volumes of Paige's Reports, three volumes of

166 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Barbour's Reports, twenty-six volumes of Wendell's Reports, seven volumes of Hill's Reports, and five volumes of Denio's Reports, are celebrated in the jurisprudence of New York State. The holding of the Chancellor's Court at Saratoga Springs made it the point of interest to lawyers throughout the country, and since that time Saratoga has been always distinguished for its bar, consisting of lawyers of unusual ability and learning. Esek Cowen, John Willard, Nicholas Hill, Samuel Young, John W. Taylor, John K. Porter, William Augustus Beach, Augustus Bockes, Charles S. Lester, Alembert Pond, Lemuel B. Pike, JohnR. Putnam, Theodore F. Hamilton, Charles H. Sturges, John Foley and General Edward F. Bullard are a few of those who practiced law in Saratoga county and wrote their names indelibly upon the legal history of their times. Of the foregoing, Esek Cowen, John Willard, Bockes Augustus and John R. Putnam all became justices of the Supreme Court, and Judge Bockes also served for a time upon the Court of Appeals. Here also lived and died Oliver M. Bari)our, the compiler of Barbour's Reports. Hon. John W. Taylor was elected to Congress for ten consecutive terms, and twice during that period was elected as speaker of the House of Representatives, being the successor of Henry Clay. Upon his monument is recorded " the fact that he was the only citizen of New York who ever held the third place in our government." Samuel Young, a Democrat, was elected speaker of the Assembly in 1815, displaying talents of a high order.

167 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Of those lawyers who are now practicing, Hon. Edgar T. Brackett is easily the leader of the bar of his county. He was born in Saratoga county in 1853, but spent his early years and grew to manhood at Mt. Vernon, Iowa, where in 1872 he graduated from Cornell College and subsequently removed to Saratoga Springs and in 1875 was admitted to the bar. In 1895 he was elected to the

State Senate, and has served continuously since that time, with the exception of a single term. For many years he was chairman of the judiciary committee, and a member of the committees on codes, public education, privileges and elections, and trades and manufactures. Senator

Brackett has acquired an influential position in State leadership, and is the present Republican minority leader of the Senate, being recognized not only as the leader of his county and of the judicial district but as a commanding for figure in State politics, being prominently mentioned the Governorship. Senator Brackett early addressed himself to the matter of reform in the insurance laws, and to his efforts were due the appointment of the Armstrong committee and the subsequent developments which led to the nomination and triumphant election of Governor Hughes. He has taken decided and well-informed positions on all public questions, and his addresses in the Senate have been marvels of correct and forceful exposition. x\s a lawyer, Senator Brackett has been connected as counsel with many noted trials and arguments on appeal.

He is a man of resourceful ability, wide learning and keen powers of intellect, coupled with an unswerving integrity

168 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

and honesty of purpose, which have brought him to a first position both as a member of the bar and in the Senate. He is the president of the Adirondack Trust Company, the president of the Saratoga County Bar Association, and a man who has not only the confidence of a wide circle of friends, but is admired and trusted by those to whom he is opposed. In 1902 Saratoga county elected Hon. George H. Whitney as its member of Assembly, and Mr. Whitney served from continuously that date until January 1, 1911, completing the longest term ever accorded a member of from Assembly Saratoga county. Mr. Whitney was par- successful in ticularly securing the passage of legislation of to his constituents advantage and the State in general. He is interested in very actively the politics of the county, and is a successful business man of splendid reputation and ability. In 1904 Hon. Frederick W. Kavanaugh was elected sheriff of the county and served one term. Mr. Kava- naugh is a prominent manufacturer of Waterford, and has taken an active always interest in Saratoga county He is most with the politics. popular people, who rely greatly upon his judgment in all county matters. At the last national convention Mr. Kavanaugh attended as a delegate and cast his vote in favor of Taft and Sherman. Hon. Charles C. Lester, former surrogate of the county, is the present miscellaneous reporter of the State of New York, and has already edited and published over volumes of such twenty reports. Judge Lester is a lawyer

169 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES of long experience and a gentleman of highest culture and refinement. During his incumbency of the office of surrogate he made a special study of the work of the Court and prepared many laws to facilitate the transaction of business in the probate courts, all of which were passed and placed upon the statute books. He was a member of the last Constitutional convention, and is recognized as an authority on constitutional law. Hon. George R. Salisbury was elected district attorney in 1899 and served with signal ability until 1904. During this period he successfully tried many important criminal causes and has earned for himself throughout the district a reputation for zeal and ability in the trial of causes which has brought him a large and lucrative practice. Mr. Salisbury is interested in the politics of the county and district, and is often a delegate to judicial and other conventions. He is highly regarded by the people and attainments. justly esteemed for his character and The present justice of the Supreme Court residing at Saratoga Springs is Hon. James W. Houghton. In 1888 Justice Houghton was elected county judge and was re- elected in 1894. In the year 1900 he was appointed to the Supreme Court bench, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Judge John R. Putnam, and has filled the office since that time, having acted as trial judge, member of the Appellate Division for the Third Department, and member of the Appellate Division for the First Department on designation by the Governor. Judge Houghton is decisions possessed of a remarkable legal mind, and his

170 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES are noted for their clear-cut exposition of the facts and careful application of the law. As an able, upright and fearless judicial officer, Judge Houghton has attained a State-wide prominence. other Many names might be presented and interesting life studies recounted, but the foregoing will suffice to show that Saratoga for nearly a century has been the abode of of jurists and lawyers conspicuous ability, whose services to State and Nation are written not only in contemporaneous history, but in the decisions of the Courts and upon the statute books of the Empire State. In in 1908, order that the springs of Saratoga might be preserved and placed under State ownership. Senator Brackett prepared and introduced a bill having for its object the appointment of commissioners by the Governor, whose duty it should be to purchase mineral lands and hold the same in the name of the State, for the preservation of the great natural resources of the section. This bill was signed by Governor Hughes and became law, carrying with it an appropriation of $600,000, to be used by the commissioners in the purchase of lands. The commissioners appointed by the Governor and now acting are Hon. George Foster Peabody, Hon. Benjamin F. Tracy (former secretary of the navy), and Hon. Frank N. Godfrey. The commission has already exercised its high function by purchasing various mineral springs, and it is planned to place all of the springs under State ownership and to maintain at Saratoga a system of public parks of wide extent and wonderful natural and artificial beautv. When

171 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES this work is accomplished, Saratoga will be still more attractive to those interested in the political work of the State.

For years the political conventions of both parties have been held at Saratoga Springs, in its great Convention Hall, where, surrounded on every side by reminiscences of the past, the history-makers of the present have made and unmade men and written into party platforms the great principles of popular government.

Those active politically and in the practice of law in the county at the present time include Edgar T. Brackett, Charles C. Lester, James W. Lester, Willard Lester, Frank H. McDonald, A. W. Shepherd, Harry P. Pendrick, Clarence B. Kilmer, Walter P. Butler, J. M. Andrews, Benjamin K. Walbridge, Hiram C. Todd, John H. Morris, Jesse S. Mott, Lewis C. Varney, John P. Shay, William T. Moore, Corliss Sheldon, James A. Leary, Clarence H. Knapp, Walter H. Cogan, Michael J. Mulqueen, Benja- min P. Wheat, William O'Brien, Michael E. McTygue, Lawrence B. McKelvey, Worden W. Kelly, Alexander F. Walsh, James W. Houghton, Nash Rockwood, William S. Ostrander, Willard J. Miner, James L. Scott, Jesse

Stiles, Charles M. Davison, George R. Salisbury, Frank Gick, William J. Delaney, Frank M. Jenkins, William A. Pierson, Will W. Smith, Charles B. Andrus, James T. Brusnihan, John A. T. Schwarte, Albert F. Forthmiller, Patrick McNulty, George O. Tuck, John A. Slade, Henry W. Benton, John L. Henning, Denis J. Harrington, Irving I. Goldsmith, Edward D. Eddy, Walter A. Fullerton and

172 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Harold Corbin, Jesse S. L'Amoreaux, Irving W. Wiswall, William A. Mehan, Burton D. Esmond, Charles A. Mar- vin, Horace E. McKnight, Frank Whalen, James A. Burn- ham, William Rooney, James W. Verbeck, Vedder Gervin, Frank H. Brown, Edward S. Coons, John H. Burke, Irwin Esmond, Hugh Whalen, Morgan E. Welsh, J. F. Terry, Robert Frazier, Robert W. Fisher, Oscar Warner, D. A. Lockwood, Benjamin B. Hutchins, George B. Lawrence, C. A. Deyoe, John B. Smith, William E. Ben- nett, Henry F. Toohey, C. A. Waldron, J. W. Atkinson, C. C. Ormsby, William L. Terry, Herbert R. Van Kleeck, Thomas O'Connor, William F. Palmer, Francis A. Martin, James McPhillips, Harold P. Peckham, S. M. Richards, and Tibbitts Walker. Hon. Harvey J. Donaldson, former State senator and present State appraiser of canal lands, is the chairman of the Republican county committee, and Hon. John H. Burke is the chairman of the Democratic county committee.

The following is a list of Saratoga county officials since the vear 1883:

COUNTY JUDGES Jesse S. L'Amoreaux 1883 James W. Houghton 1889 Nash Rockwood 1900

SURROGATES Elias H. Peters 1883 Charles C. Lester 1901 William S. Ostrander 1906

173 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

DISTRICT ATTORNEYS

John Van Rensselaer : 1883 John Foley 1884 Theodore F. Hamilton 1887 John Person 1893 James A. Burnham 1895 George R. Salisbury 1899 Horace E. McKnight 1904 William T. Moore. 1909

COUNTY CLERKS James W. Horton 1883 Seth Whalen 1885

James L. Scott , 1887 Edward F. Grose 1888 George H. West 1902

SHEEIFTS Nathaniel M. Houghton 1883 Alexander B. Baucus 1886 Daniel H. Deyoe 1889 William W. Worden 1892 Frank Jones 1895 Emmor J. Caldwell 1898 Franklin Carpenter 1901 Frederick H. Kavanaugh 1904 John Bradley, Jr 1907 John Washburn 1910

COUNTY TREASURERS Stephen C. Medbery 1883 Bartlett B. Grippin 1898 John K. Walbridge 1906

174 CHAPTER XIV

Schenectady County

By Howard N. Fuller

COUNTY was the last of the counties to be formed from the SCHENECTADY original boundaries of Albany county, which, as stated elsewhere, comprised the eastern part of New York State, together with parts of Maine and Vermont as at present organized. The county of Schenectady was established in 1642. The Indian massacre of 1690 was an important land in the mark early history of the county. The city of Schenectady was chartered March 26, 1798, the original territory within the limits of the city being twelve miles in length and eight miles in width. On April 22, 1865, a law was passed establishing the capital police district of the State of New York, which comprised Schenectady, Albany and adjoining towns, and it was not until April 15, 1870, that Schenectady had a separate police force of its own. The first mayor of Schenectady was Joseph C. Yates. He was appointed by Governor John Jay and himself became Governor of the State in 1822. The of growth Schenectady city during the past thirty years has been phenomenal, and because of it the attention of the entire country has been called to it.

175 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

The year 1882, which witnessed the election of Grover Cleveland to the Governorship, also saw the locat- ing of the General Electric Works, then commonly called the Edison Works, at Schenectady. Before deciding to locate in Schenectady, the Company's representatives considered other places, among them the city of Albany, and while favorably impressed with many of them, Schenectady was finally chosen, because of its superior advantages and the enterprise of its citizens in offering sufficient inducements. With the advent of the electric works began the remarkable growth of Schenectady city proper, which of course affected, to a great extent, the growth of the city's environs. Not only did the electric works contribute to this growth, but it was also much enhanced by the American Locomotive Company and other industries. Following the establishment of the General Electric Com- pany, there was a large influx from New England. These men, for the most part, were Republicans, and contributed largely to that party's majorities in the county for many years. The man whose services to the Republican party stand out most prominently during the period from Cleveland to Hughes was the late John N. Parker, for several years a deputy in charge of canal affairs under the State Superintendent of Public Works. After Mr. Parker's death, William W. Wemple, James H. Callanan and Horace S. Van Voast came to the front and are today recognized as the Republican leaders.

176 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Upon Benjamin Van Vranken devolved the Demo- cratic leadership during the same period, and at the time of his death, but a few years ago, the party followers looked to Daniel Naylon, jr., and George W. Feather- stonhaugh for advice and counsel. There have been interesting municipal campaigns, the city and county being politically close. Under the Congressional reapportionment, conse- quent upon the Federal census of 1900, the counties of Albany and Schenectady were united into one Congres- sional district, the 23rd, which since the reapportionment has been represented by the Hon. George N. Southwick, Republican. Mr. Southwick declining a renomination in 1910 the Hon. Henry S. DeForrest, of Schenectady, was nominated by the Republican convention to succeed Mr. Southwick, and he defeated the Hon. Curtis N.

Douglas, who was named by the Democrats, by a plurality of 1,990. Of late years the county of Schenectady has been the cynosure of all the political eyes of the State because of the remarkable growth therein of the vote for the candidates of the Socialist party. This is explained by the fact that a very large proportion of the operatives in the big industries of Schenectady have come in recent years from southeastern Europe, bringing with them innate ideas of government to which they find counterparts in the teach- ings of the Socialist party,

CouNTT Officers JUDGES (D) David C. Beattie 1879 (D) Edward D. Cutler 1890

177 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

(R) Alonzo P. Stronc; 1896 (R) Alexander M. Vedder 1901 (R) Edward C. Whitmyer 1908 SUBROGATES (R) Edward C. Whitmyer 1902 (R) Alexander M. Vedder 1908

DISTRICT ATTORNEYS (D) J. Teller Schoolcraft 1880 (R) Alexander M Vedder 1886 (D) Daniel Naylon, jr 1889 (R) William W. Wemple 1895 (R) Walter Briggs 1901 (D) Alexander T. Blessing 1910 SHERIFFS (D) Charles H. Van Vranken 1878 (D) Jacob De Forest 1881 (R) Seth L. Clute 1884 (D) L. L. Hutchinson 1887 (D) John C. Myers 1890 (D) James C. Yates 1893 (R) William G. Caw 1896 (D) James T. W^asson 1899 (R) Merritt Hammond 1902 (R) Thomas E. Leavitt 1905 (D) William H. Hathaway 1908 COUNTT CLERKS (D) J. Fonda Viele 1879 (R) Thomas Yelverton 1882 (R) James B. Alexander 1888 (R) George M. Bostwick 1904 (R) George C. Moon 1910

178 ORK ,ARY

CHAPTER ^'"^'

Schuyler County

By Hon. Oliver P. Hurd

rOT^TTY w,t^ formed from Steuben, SCHUYLERChemung ipt of the Legis- lature passed IS named in honor of < of 352 square miles, agitated a long tim» i>t J WILLIAMJ.WAIT i >, M-L, animation and was >.r „. , i'' a of deceased. Member Assembly 1892-93 ; .se counties from which the terriloi)' to form uie Jie\N mty was proposed to be taken. in or Hon. Charles Cook 1829 1830 came to the village

1 lavana, now called Montour Falls, where he established idquarters as a contractor to build the Chemung canal

the State of New York. He was the master spirit in formation of the new county of Schuyler. He acquired rtune and became a man of great power and influence

: was a personal and political friend of Seward, Weed

. Greeley. He made his first attempt to locate in this

'ion at the village of Jefferson, now called Watkins, he head of Seneca Lake, but Dr. Samuel Watkins,

) was the owner of most of the lands where the village >cated refused to sell any of his lands to Mr. Cook red by him for his enterprises, and the result was that

179 CHAPTER XV

Schuyler County

By Hon. Oliver P. Hurd

COUNTY was formed from Steuben, SCHUYLERChemung and Tompkins by an act of the Legis- lature passed April 17th, 1854^, and was named in honor of General Philip Schuyler. It has an area of 352 square miles. The formation of the county was agitated a long time before the passage of the act of organization and was strongly opposed by the people in these counties from which the territory to form the new county was proposed to be taken. Hon. Charles Cook in 1829 or 1830 came to the village of Havana, now called Montour Falls, where he established headquarters as a contractor to build the Chemung canal for the State of York. New He was the master spirit in the formation of the new county of Schuyler. He acquired a fortune and became a man of great power and influence and was a personal and political friend of Seward, Weed and Greeley. He made his first attempt to locate in this section at the village of Jefferson, now called Watkins, at the head of Seneca Lake, but Dr. Samuel Watkins, who was the owner of most of the lands where the village is located refused to sell any of his lands to Mr. Cook desired by him for his enterprises, and the result was that

179 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Mr. Cook settled and located in the village of Havana, where he remained until his death in 1866. Mr. Cook was a canal commissioner of the State, was elected a State senator and also as a member of the Constitutional convention in 1867, and it is said he was once offered the nomination for Governor, which he declined. He was engaged in many business enterprises. He established the Bank of Havana in that village, which was a successful financial institution. He erected the building for the People's College at Havana and gave it with a hundred acres of land to the institution and largely aided in procuring from Congress scrip for 990,000 acres of public land. This was afterwards lost to the People's College, and obtained for the benefit of Cornell University. The People's College building, erected by Mr. Cook, is now owned by the Cook Academy, an institution of learning which is a success and a cj-edit to the county. For many years after the organization of Schuyler county, the people in the northern and southern portions contended over the location of the county seat. Two sets of buildings were erected, one at Havana and another

at Watkins. Much litigation, strife and contention fol-

lowed the organization of the county, but finally the seat was established at Watkins in the year 1868, where it has since remained.

Schuyler county, or the territory forming the same, has been the birthplace of three men who each became a United States Senator. Hon. Francis Kernan and Hon. David B. Hill were members of the United States Senate

180 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES and both became very eminent members of the bar of the State. Hon. Joseph N. Dolph, born in Schuyler coiintv, removed to Oregon and was elected to the United States Senate from that State. Mr. Hill also became the Gov- ernor of this State. He died in the year 1910 and is buried at Montour Falls, the place of his nativity. It is said that Brigham Young, the Mormon president, was an early settler in what is now Schuyler county. Thomas O'Conor of County Roscommon, Ireland, in 1804 purchased 4,000 acres of land in the town of Tyrone, now one of the towns in Schuyler county, and lived there for a time in and 1810 removed to the city of New York. He was the father of Hon. Charles O'Conor, a distinguished member of the New York bar. General William Kernan, the father of Senator Kernan, settled on the O'Conor tract and reared a family and afterwards removed to Utica, where his sons were living. Senator Kernan studied law for a time with Mr. Quinn at the village of Watkins, N. Y. In 1864 John Magee removed from Bath to Watkins, where he built large transhipment works for reshipping coal brought by rail from his mines in the State of Pennsyl- vania, and the same was loaded on canal boats and carried down Seneca Lake through the canals to points of destina- tion. Mr. Magee was a man of large wealth and was one of the most distinguished men who ever made Schuyler county his home. In 1867 Mr. Magee was chosen a member of the Constitutional convention of the State. Before coming to Watkins he held several public offices,

181 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES among them that of representative in Congress in his district for two terms. President Jackson highly regarded Mr. Magee, and it is said that he once tendered him a seat in his cabinet, which he decUned. Mr, Magee was a Hberal man and gave generously of his means to charitable purposes. At a cost of $50,000 he erected a church for the Presbyterian Society at the village of Watkins, N. Y. Nature richly endowed Mr. Magee, and while his opportunities for obtaining a book education were very limited, yet in a business sense he was a thoroughly educated man and his long experience in the many business enterprises in which he was engaged developed a truly remarkable and successful man. In his business carried on at Watkins

Hon. Daniel Beach, who now is and for many years has been a member of the State Board of Regents and greatly interested in the cause of education, was the legal and confidential adviser of Mr. Magee while he resided at Watkins and continued as such to the sons of Mr. Magee, who took up the business after the death of the father. Under a patent, dated July 25th, 1794, the State of New York conveyed 325,000 acres of land, extending south, east and west from the head of Seneca Lake, to John Watkins, a brother of Dr. Samuel Watkins, the founder of the village of Watkins and for whom the village was " named. This purchase was commonly called the Wat- kins and Flint's Purchase." John Watkins represented a company composed of himself, Jonathan Lawrence and several others. The lands were divided among those who were interested in the purchase, and Mr. Lawrence took

182 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

several thousand acres of the land in the division, mostly in the town of Catharine, one of the towns of Schuyler. The Lawrence family was one of the most prominent families of the county. Samuel Lawrence and Joseph Lawrence were sons of Jonathan Lawrence. Abraham Lawrence was a son of Samuel and was born in 1818. He was a cultured and courteous gentleman of the old school and inherited with others a large portion of the original Lawrence tract, and it was upon this land that he lived. He was a Republican in politics, was supervisor of his town and in 1867 was a member of the Constitu- tional convention. He was at one time the president of the Second National Bank of Havana. His home for many years was on the shore of the beautiful Cayuta Lake, where he lived as a country gentleman and was greatly respected by all who knew him. The town of Catharine was named in honor of

Catharine Montour, whose father, it is said, was one of the French Governors of Canada and her mother was an Indian squaw. In the war between the Six Nations and the French and Hurons, Catharine was taken prisoner when quite a young child and was adopted by the Seneca tribe and reared as one of their children. When she grew up to womanhood she married one of the chiefs of her " tribe called Montour." She lived in the town of

Catharine, near the present site of Havana, where there was an Indian village, destroyed by Sullivan's army. She was accustomed to accompany the chiefs of the Six Nations to Philadelphia and other places where treaties were made.

183 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

At Philadelphia she was invited into the best circles, and " was commonly called Queen Catharine." She was said to be very handsome and polite. She had great influence with the Indian tribes in keeping peace between them and the whites, on account of which she was paid a salary by the English Colonial Government. " The town of Montour takes its name from Queen Catharine Montour." Montour Falls, formerly called Havana, is in this town, and it is here that the famous " " Havana Glen is located, as well as the beautiful cascade, coming down from the hills into the village. Louis Phillipe, the king of France, when an exile visited Havana and while there made a sketch of this cascade, which was afterward, on his restoration to the throne, framed and hung in the art gallery of the Tuileries in Paris, where it was seen by Thurlow Weed when in Europe and its history given by him in a letter published in the Albany Evening Journal. Dr. Samuel Watkins, a brother of John Watkins, already mentioned, came to Watkins in 1828. The little " hamlet at the head of Seneca Lake was then called Salu- " " " bria and was afterwards called Jefferson and incorporated by that name. The village was laid out and mapped by Dr. Watkins, and in 1861 it was incorporated as the village of Watkins in honor of its founder. Dr. Watldns. It is the seat of the county. At this village the " " famous Watkins Glen is located, and the property is now owned by the State of New York. For many years it has been a place of resort by people from every part of the

184 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES world, and many pronounce it equal in grandeur to Niagara Falls. The village of Watkins is principally located in the town of Dix, named in honor of General John A. Dix. John Diven settled in the town of Reading, one of the towns of Schuyler, in 1797-98, and at that time the town was a wilderness. His son, General Alexander Diven, who was born in the town, was a prominent lawyer in the city of Elmira, where he settled after leaving home. He was elected to Congress, Schuyler being a part of his district. This was during the Civil War, and while in Congress he went into the field and was afterwards com- missioned a brigadier general. The farm on which the father of General Diven settled is still owned by the Diven family. Schuyler county in State and National elections usually gives Republican majorities, but in local elections is uncertain.

CoujJTY Officers COUNTY JUDGES AND SUKBOGATES (D) Martin J. Sunderlin 1882 (R) Samuel C. Keeler 1888 (R) Olin T. Nye 1906

DISTRICT ATTORNEYS (R) Washington Robertson 1882 (D) Waldo F. Bishop 1885 (R) George E. Kellogg 1888 (R) Edwin O. Bolyen 1890 (R) Frank W. Fiero 1896 (R) Seaman F. Northrup 1899 (R) George M. Velie 1905

185 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

COUNTY CLERKS

(E.) Arthur C. Woodward 1878 (R) P. Halsey Hawes 1893 (R) Charles R. Watldns 1899

SHERIFFS (R) James W. Lyon 1882 (D) Lewis Wait 1885 (R) Charles W. White 1888 (R) James M. Auble 1891 (R) Alva S. FitzGerald 1894 (R) Isaac L. Tolbert 1897 (R) William J. Tucker 1900 (R) George W. Ely 1903 (R) J. Fred Thompson 1906 (D) Timothy O. Coon 1909

180 CHAPTER XVI

Seneca County By Charles H. Betts

Editor of The Lyons Republican

COUNTY was founded March 24, 1804,

and the of it is SENECA territory which composed was largely taken from Cayuga county, which county was formed a few years earlier in 1799. Seneca is divided into ten towns: Seneca Falls. Waterloo, Tyre, Junius, Lodi, Varick, Covert, Fayette, Ovid and Romulus. The name of the county is taken from the Seneca

Indian tribe, who were prominent in this locality in the days of the revolution. Red Jacket, the famous Seneca Indian chief and orator, was born only a short distance from Waterloo and on October 14, 1841, a monument was unveiled to his memory by the Waterloo Historical Society with impressive ceremonies. The site of the wigwam in which Red Jacket was born was definitely located in the Indian town of Skanayutenate, on the west shore of Cayuga Lake. It is claimed that in his later years Red Jacket pursued an honorable course with the whites and that he predicted that his people would at last disappear, but he often spoke in contempt of the white people because of their treatment of the Indians. He was born in 1750 and died in 1830.

187 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Among the first officers of Seneca county after it was organized were Silas Halsey, county clerk in 1804; Cor- nelius Humphrey, county judge; Samuel W. Huggles, district attorney, and Andrew Dunlap, Jr., county treasurer. In the early history of Seneca county there were many strong, able and influential men who took an active

part in the political field and represented their constituents

with honor and ability both in the State and National Legislatures. Among those who represented the county in Congress were: Robert S. Rose, of Fayette, 1823-27-29-31; John Maynard, of Ovid, 1827-29; Jehil H. Halsey, of Lodi, 1829-31; Samuel Clark, of Waterloo, 1833-35; Samuel Birdsall, of Waterloo, 1837-39; John Maynard, of Seneca Falls, 1841-43; John DeMott, of Lodi, 1845-47; William A. Sackett, of Seneca Falls, 1849-53; Jacob P. Chamber-

lain, of Seneca Falls, 1860-63.

Seneca county has been represented in the State Senate by John Knox, of Waterloo, 1817-20; Jesse Clark, of Waterloo, 1820-25; Jehil H. Halsey, of Lodi, 1832-35; John Maynard, of Seneca Falls, 1835-40; Henry B. Stanton, of Seneca Falls, 1850-51; Truman Boardman, of Covert, 1858-59; David H. Evans, of Tyre, 1882-88, and William L. Sweet, of Waterloo, 1888-89. Some of the prominent men of the county who exerted a wide influence in their time were:

Hon. Samuel Birdsall, born in 1791, who occupied many positions of influence and honor. He was judge advocate; master in chancery; surrogate of the county in

188 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

1827-37; bank commissioner in 1832, and member of Congress in 1837-40. He held the federal position of postmaster for ten years, and was district attorney of Seneca county in 1846. He was a distinguished lawyer and was admitted to practice in the United States Supreme Court. He died in Waterloo in 1872.

Erastus Partridge located in Seneca county in 1821. He established a private bank, which afterward became the First National Bank of Seneca Falls. He was a man of fine business ability and exceptional executive capacity, and he built up in his time one of the strongest financial institutions in the State. In the panic of 1857 his bank was one of the few that stood the storm unembarrassed.

He took an active part in politics but cared not for oflBce. After his death, in 1873, the business was carried on by his sons.

Colonel Halsey Sanford, one of the prominent figures in the early history of the county, was born at Lodi in 1801 in an old log cabin. When Yates county was organized he went to that county and became the first town clerk of the town of Starkey and postmaster at that place. He was colonel of the Tenth Regiment of the Cavalry of New York, then brigadier general of the Fifth Brigade and afterward major general. In 1831 he again located in his native town of Lodi and was elected supervisor several terms and in 1838 he was elected county clerk. He afterward moved to Ovid and was appointed postmaster at that place. He was postmaster ten years, after which he was superintendent of the poor three years.

189 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Hon. Samuel Clavk, a lawyer of learning and ability and a prominent Democratic politician for twenty years. He was elected to Congress in 1833 and made a fine repu-

tation as a legislator. He afterward went to the State of Michigan, where he was again elected to Congress from the Kalamazoo district. Hon. Jesse Clark, a descendant of Revolutionary stock, a lawyer and prominent Democratic leader, was elected to the State Senate and served in that body in 1823 to 1825. Hon. William Johnson, a prominent business man and Democratic leader, elected to the Senate to represent the counties of Seneca, Ontario and Yates in 1871 and re-

elected in 1873. He was an able speaker, a man of pronounced individuality and had exceptional elements of popularity, being elected twice in a strong Republican district.

Hon. Robert L. Stevens, a strong and stalwart Demo- crat, who served with ability and efiiciency on the board of supervisors and served in the State Assembly in 1845. General John DeMott, born in 1790; a major general. Elected to the State Legislature in 1833, went to Congress in 1844 and took a prominent position in the House for a new member.

Hon. Silas Halsey, of Lodi, active in the political life of the county for nearly forty years, was born in 1743. He was justice of the peace, supervisor, county clerk, county judge and member of Assembly eight years, from 1816 to 1825. He was elected to Congress and served in

190 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

1829-31 and became an influential member of the

House. He was a delegate to the convention to revise the Constitution in 1801. He died in 1832. Judge John DeMott, born in 1786, was one of the early settlers of Seneca county and one of the prominent men for many years. He was a lawyer of exceptional a active learning and man both in business and political affairs. In the War of 1812 he went to the front as a lieutenant and on his return he was elected to the State Assembly and served in 1825-33. In recent years one of the distinguished citizens of Seneca county was Diedrich Willers, jr., of Varick, who was Democratic secretary of state in 1873 and held the of position deputy secretary of state for ten years. He the was most prominent Democratic leader of the county. Hon. David H. Evans, of Tyre, a prominent and active Republican and a successful farmer. He served two terms in the Assembly and one term in the State

Senate (1882-83). He is still conducting his large farm at Tyre, near Savannah. Hon. WiUiam L. Sweet for many years was a Repub- lican leader of Seneca county. He was one of the most prominent and influential business men in the county and he was elected to the State Senate and served in 1888-89. He is now engaged in business in New York. Among the prominent Democrats of the county who have exercised a wide influence in later years was the late Jasper N. Hammond, of Seneca Falls, a lawyer of high standing.

191 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Benjamin H. Mungin during the past ten years has been Republican leader of Seneca county, he having succeeded the Hon. William L. Sweet to that position. Mr. Mungin is a tireless and skillful politician, and by the force of his individuality and energy has managed to make the county, which was strongly Democratic in the past, a doubtful county, and in recent years it has been carried more often for the Republican than for the Demo- cratic ticket. Mr. Mungin was born in 1851. When a young man he engaged in the mercantile business with his father. He afterward went into the milling business with

William L. Sweet and gradually drifted into politics. He was chief clerk in the engrossing department of the State x\ssembly in 1894. He was then appointed deputy secretary of state in 1895, a position which he filled for several years. He was then appointed to a position in the Insur- ance Department and served there two years. He was afterward appointed bank examiner by the Comptroller and served in that position for some time, when in April, 1910, he was appointed postmaster at Waterloo by Presi- dent William H. Taft, a position which he now holds. Mr. Mungin has been chairman of the Republican county committee for many years and he represented his Congress district on the State committee in 1904 to 1906.

Elias Vair, editor of the Seneca County Neivs, is one of the prominent young Republicans of the county, and he conducts a live, aggressive and influential Republican paper. Henry Stowell, editor and proprietor of the Seneca Falls Revielle, is one of the old-time editors of the State.

192 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

He conducts one of the cleanest, best printed and ablest edited papers in the countjy. Mr. Stowell is a Democrat and his paper is Democratic, but his editorial utterances,

wliile they are always vigorous, logical and forceful, are

fair and tempered with intellectual hospitality. Colonel Frederick L. Manning, a soldier who rendered honorable and patriotic service to his country in the Civil War, was born November 24, 1836. Colonel Mann-

ing was in many important battles and was frequently

commended by his superior officers for conspicuous gal- lantry. He was in the battles of Chancellorville, Mine Run, Gettysburg, Proctor's Creek, Port Fisher and others. On returning home from the war he became active in

politics and was elected district attorney in the fall of 1865. In 1873 he was appointed internal revenue collector. He has been one of the leading lawyers of the county for twenty-five years and has enjoyed an extensive practice. Hon. Daniel W. Moran, one of the active Republican leaders and lawyers of Seneca county, was born in Water- loo, 1869, and graduated from Cornell University in 1892. As soon as he was admitted to the bar he took an active interest in politics as well as in law, and was elected justice of the peace of his town. In 1897 he was elected district attorney and made a fine record in that office. In 1901 he was elected member of the State Assembly and served in 1902-3. In IQCl: he was appointed postmaster at Seneca Falls by President Roosevelt and served out the term. Since then he has been actively engaged in the practice of law at Seneca Falls.

193

CHAPTER XVII

Steuben County

By James McCall

by an act of the Legislature before the ERECTEDclose of the 18th century, the '23rd civil division so created, christened with the name of a distinguished German tactician who threw away great for opportunities advancement in the military circles of Europe to cast his lot with the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and after contributing many slices to the of other makeup counties, still possessing the territory which ranks it the sixth in size in the State, the county of Steuben has passed through a history that is rich in the stories of the struggles and hardships of its settlers and is ornamented by the widely-circulated prophetic visions and spectacular doings of its first citizens and adorned with the achievements of men who have taken a prominent part in the affairs of the Empire State. Colonel Charles Williamson, an intrepid Scotchman to whose forethought and industry should be ascribed all the credit for the development of a large part of Western New York, who never held any State office, but was well known to those who guided the early destinies of this State, sat in the Assembly with DeWitt Clinton and Aaron

195 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Burr as the first representative of the county, immediately following Thomas Morris, the son of the distinguished financier of the Confederation, who represented Ontario before Steuben was created from it. The incidents in the various political wars which waged amongst the Whigs and Tories, the Federalists and anti-Federalists, and Masons and anti-Masons, the Barn-Burners and the Free-

Soilers are among the legends and the early newspaper records of this county and are a counterpart of those enacted elsewhere. The county contributed a Lieutenant Governor in the Hon. Robert Campbell, and other distinguished citizens held other offices of importance in the State before the nation reached its hundredth birthday.

In 1880 the political life of the county was deeply stirred by the contest between Hon. William Rumsey and " Hon. Guy H. McMaster, the author of the Old Con- tinentals," for the office of justice of the Supreme Court, and considerable bitterness was engendered thereby; so that for years after the Republican party had one wing made up of the adherents of Justice Rumsey, the successful jurist who nevertheless failed in reaching his goal in the Court of Appeals, and another of those who placed reliance upon the leadership of Hon. John F. Parkhurst, the tactician of the McMaster faction, who also wore the Supreme Court robe at the time of his death. At that time all the county offices were held by Republicans, but in the landslide of 1882 and the election of the next year the Democ- racy elected the sheriff, county treasurer, district attorney and clerk of the county. Nevertheless, in 1883, J. Sloat

196 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FRO.M CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Fassett, as a Half-Breed, wrested the senatorial nomination from the Stalwarts and for eight years represented Steuben. Chemung and Allegany in the Senate. Following these events, in 1885 came the contest between Hon. Ira Davenport, of Bath, who had been State comptroller in lS8'-2 and 1883 and congressman in and Hon. B. 1884, David Hill, of the neighboring county, for the office of Governor; and though a Steuben county man, Chester Cole was the chairman of the Republican committee, the victory was for Chemung, not Steuben. In 1888 the Legislature passed an act increasing the from county a two-shire to a tri-shire. providing for courts in three places, but Governor Hill vetoed it; but in 1906 Hornell secured the erection of a Court-house and provision was made for three jury districts, and since then Supreme and County Courts have been held at Bath, Corning and Hornell. 1888 also marks the change from a rural to distinctively county one boasting a city; for in that year the city of Hornellsville (in 1910 changed to Hornell) was incorporated, and in 1890 Corning became the 32nd city in the State. with the accession Likewise, of the Republican party to power in the nation in 1888, John F. Parkhurst, as the lieutenant of the Hon. Thomas C. Piatt, became the Republican leader of the Senatorial and Congressional district and held this for position nearly fifteen years, and in the Democratic party there grew up a Cleveland and a Hill faction as in other sections of the State. The contest in 1892 brought into opposing action Georo-e N.

197 TO HUGHES OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND

F. and W. Orcutt, of Hornell, Charles Kingsley George Cleveland, and Charles Peck, of Bath, in behalf of G rover of and F. Peck, of Hornell, Charles E. Walker, Corning, of Bath, Hon. John F. Little and Hon. Frank Campbell, after the for Senator Hill. Nevertheless, distributing to his friends after his election, Cleveland larger postoffices and some conceded to the Hill following the remainder the troubled waters, but other offices and sought to calm in the become not till 1900 did the animosity minority party factor in the affairs. a negligible party for the Meanwhile, all was not smooth sailing Repub- of Hornell, lican craft. In 1891 Franklin D. Sherwood, for senator, who had been sheriff, was nominated although under the Constitution, it was known that he was ineligible a Senate would not but it was thought that Republican however, the election such a small matter ; quibble over Court of was carried into the Courts and the Appeals a Democratic Senate decided Sherwood was ineligible, Charles E. Walker, recognized his defeated opponent, United States and "the vote elected a second Democratic Sloat Fassett of Senator from New York. In 1893 J. Mr. Parkhurst's Chemung endeavored to break in upon but Sherwood was renominated and elected, position, the west half of the county had its and during those years new Consti- Sherwood and anti-Sherwood camps. The and when Mr. tution altered the senatorial district, first Assem- Sherwood, in 1895, asked a renomination, the another candidate, and Yates county, the bly district had 273 ballots the honor new associate, had a third. After

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OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

fell upon Hon. John S. Sliepard, of Yates. Yates was exchanged for Allegany in the unconstitutional apportionment act of 1906, and in 1907 Livingston county was substituted as a partner, and that resulted in another long contest between the two Assembly districts of Steuben, which they settled this time without the intervention or success of the smaller county. Prior to the new Constitu- tion both Hornellsville and Corning were in the second Assembly district, which gave a larger normal Republican majority than the first, and two-thirds of the time the Democratic party was able to send a representative from the first district, where the normal majority against it was about 500. When the board of supervisors, in 1895, reapportioned the county, it separated the cities and made two districts about equally strong in the Republican favor, and from that time on the members of Assemblv were always of the Repubhcan faith until the upheaval of 1910 resulted in a Democratic member from the second district.

The landslide of 1882, besides placing the Democratic party in power in the county, elevated John Arnot, a wealthy Democrat, to the office of representative in Con- gress for his county of Chemung as well as Steuben, and the line of Republican succession was broken for the first time in ten years. Following Mr. Arnot came Mr. Daven- port and then Hon. John Raines, who later was the Republican senatorial leader until his death. Then the Congressional honor was returned to Steuben in the person of Hon. Charles W. Gillett, whom the Republicans chose first in 1892 and re-elected for six terms. After he had

199 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES served three terms, Hon. J. Sloat Fassett, of Chemung, coveted the honor and began to make inroads on the Re- pubhcan cohorts until in a bitter contest, not yet forgotten and carried on through all the counties of Chemung,

Schuyler, Seneca and Steuben, Mr. Fassett finally over- came INIr. Gillett and was elected in this rock-ribbed

Republican district. He secured early in his Congressional career a prominent position in the House and his party councils and represented his district with distinction until the swaying of the political pendulum in 1910 reduced him to the ranks of the private citizen and bestowed the honor upon Edwin S. Underhill, a Democrat of Bath.

Following the political upheaval of 1882, in 1883 the judicial nomination for this, the seventh district, was tendered by the Democratic party to the Hon. George B. Bradley, of Corning, who had served as a State senator from 1874 to 1878 and had gained an enviable reputation throughout Western New York as a lawyer and referee, and he was chosen a justice of the Supreme Court. After a few years' trial court service he was further honored by the designation of the Governor to sit upon the General Term and later as one of the Commission of Appeals. In both Courts his written opinions gave him a wide reputation as a jurist and student of the law founded upon the basis of common sense and fairness. At the death of

Justice John F. Parkhurst, in 1906, the judicial mantle fell on the shoulders of Hon. William W. Clark, of Wayland, who had been the county judge, and new alignments in the political scheme came into effect.

200 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Such is a brief of review the political history of the county since 1880; and while it may be devoid of interest for others, to the residents and former residents of Steuben it will suggest some heart-breaks, but yet more elation and satisfaction with the onward and upward movement of men and principles.

County Officers county judges (R) Guy H. McMaster 1877 (R) Harlo Hakes 1883 (R) Frank H. Robinson 1893 (R) William W. Clark 1902 (R) Almon W. Burrell 1906

SITRROGATES (R) Guy H. McMaster 1877 (D) John F. Little 1887 (R) M. Rumsey Miller 1888 (R) Monroe "Wheeler 1900

DISTRICT ATTORNEYS (D) Irvin W. Near 1883 P'rank H. (R) Robinson ' 1886 (R) William W. Clark 'l892 (R) Almon W. Burrell 1901 (R) Edwin C. Smith 1906

COUNTY CLERKS (D) Jacob H. Lansing 1883 (D) James A. Drake 1885 (R) Robert K. Faulkner 1886 (R) Edward P. Graves 1889 (R) James H. Giffin 1892 (R) Leonard S. Lamson 1895 (R) Charles A. Reynolds 1898 (R) John D. Wheeler 1901 (R) John E. Olmsted 1907

SOI OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

SHERIFFS (D) Esek Page 1882 (D) Henry Baldwin 1885 (R) Oscar B. Stratton 1888 (R) George Hollands 1891 (R) Leslie D. Whiting 1894 (R) James Faucett 1897 (R) Merritt F. Smith 1900 (R) William O. Feenaughty 1903 (R) Jerome S. Billington 1906 (R) Milton W. Davison 1909

COUNTY TREASUHEES (D) Frederick I.. French 1882 (R) Smith Fairchild 1885 (R) Zenas L. Parker 1888 (R) Gamaliel T. Conine 1894 (R) Frank Hedges 1900 (R) William G. Masterman 1906

202 CHAPTER XVIII

Suffolk County

By H. S. Rushmore

COUNTY, in which there are still SUFFOLKsome of the old tribe of Indians known as the Shinnecocks, resembles more one of the up-State rural counties than a community almost within speaking of distance New York city. Suffolk is separated from Greater New York's easterly border line only by little Nassau. It is by far the largest county of the four on Long Island in acreage, but not in population. The of its residents larger portion earn their bread by agricultural pursuits, and for the most part they live well, not a few farmers using automobiles and other up-to-date machines to lighten their labors. The Republicans have claimed Suffolk for many years, yet, singular and paradoxical as it may appear, the county has repeatedly elected a majority of Democratic supervisors. This of course rests with the individual townships, but the fact that while it is strongly Republican at most National and State elections, it yet elects Demo- cratic supervisors at its spring elections, indicates the independence of the farmer voters. Its community is an intelligent, well-informed body of people. Their earnings

203 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES result from severe labor, and they have become accustomed during long years to scrutinize matters closely before deciding; and once they have reached a determination, it is with difficulty that they yield to argument. Suffolk was a complete surprise, as were many other counties, in the last election. Instead of returning William W. Cocks, representative and personal friend of Theodore Roosevelt, to Congress, it voted, together with Nassau and the portion of Queens which lies in the first Congress district, to send ^Martin W. Littleton, a Democrat, to Washington. At the time this volume is going to press Congressman Littleton was prominently mentioned in the senatorial dead-lock at Albany. He has been spoken of as a possible nominee for Vice-President next year at several party conferences. Suffolk, like its neighbors, Nassau and Queens, is rapidly having its distances annihilated by the installation of trolley lines. A project is afoot to make of Fort Pond Bay, at its easterly end, a western terminal for trans- Atlantic steamers. If this is accomplished, as seems not improbable, since it has the backing of very large interests, it will have the eft'ect not only of shortening the time between the United States and foreign ports, but of giving a wonderful impetus to the growth in population and industry of Suffolk.

204 CHAPTER XIX

Sullivan County

By J. Walker Ruttenber

the suggestion of large land owners like Robert AT Livingston and Gulian Verplanck, and following the construction of the Newburgh and Cochecton Turnpike, the Legislature on March !27th, 1809, duly added Sullivan to the counties of the State. The original intention was to name the county Clinton, in honor of General James Clinton, but an up-State county had already honored the farmer-soldier. The name of Sullivan was then taken. General Sullivan had commanded the expedition against the Indians, and his popularity among the frontiersmen in this connection made him the second choice in the matter of names.

The Indians, by the way, had not enjoyed much popularity in this section since the battle of Minisink.

The county has no direct Revolutionary history, for prior to 1790 there was not a known white man within its borders. Even in 1809 the population was estimated at not over 6,000. Traditions of fearless

Indian fighters and mighty hunters give Sullivan its only fame in the Revolutionary period. The soil of Sullivan county in the main is thin and unfavorable for successful farming. Lakes and streams

205 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

abound, and there are countless hills and many rocky and stony wastes. In the early history of the county, tanneries abounded, passing away with the exhaustion of tan bark. The opening of the canal brought in some farmers, and the building through the county of what is now known as the Ontario & Western Railroad eventually made the county one of game preserves, summer hotels, health resorts, numberless farm boarding houses and fishing and pleasure clubs. There is but little manufacturing. In 1843 Sullivan was joined with the Orange county Congressional district, and has not since been separated.

One of the first men of prominence in the politics of the county was General A. C. Niven, Democratic leader and Congressman. D. B. St. John was a Bell and Everett elector. Democratic congressman. State senator and superintendent of banks. Charles H. Van Wyck, a had a remarkable career —Bloomingburg lawyer, political Democrat, Free Soiler, regimental commander in Civil War, Republican congressman and eventually United States senator for Nebraska. Henry R. Low, Republi-

can and State senator in 1865, was in politics until 1888, when he was president pro tem. of the Senate; at that time he was a resident of Middletown, Orange county. William B. Wright, of Monticello, who was elected to Congress by a combination of Whigs and Anti-Renters, became Supreme Court judge and judge of the Court of Appeals.

206 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

George M. Beebe, a Monticello editor who had been territorial secretary of Kansas, and a prominent Demo- crat since that time, was congressman from 1875 to 1879, but was defeated for a third term. Governor Cleveland subsequently appointed him a judge of the Court of Claims. Beebe had considerable oratorical ability, and no man in Sullivan has since been so widely known outside of his county. Probably the man most heard of in Sulli- van county in recent years is W. S. Thornton, county judge, who also served a term in the State Senate.

County Officers

county judges and surrogates (R) William L. Thornton 1883 (D) George H. Smith 1893 (R) John C. Roosa 1896 (R) William L. Thornton 1910

SHERIFFS (D) Jacob Deitz 1883 (D) Walter V. Irvine 1886 (D) David S. Avery 1889 (R) Harrison Beecher 1892 (D) John i\I. Watson 1895 (R) James A. Fulton 1898 (R) John Dycker 1901 (R) William F. Royce 1904 (R) Harmon Inderlied 1905 (R) Jay Davidson 1906 (D) Elmer Winner 1909

COUNTY CLERKS (D) Lewis N. Stanton 1883 (D) George W. Rockwell 1885 (R) Richard Gildersleeve 1891

207 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

(R) George O. Fraser 1894 (D) William C. Brand 1897 (R) Gabriel F. Currey 1903 (R) Alfred ErckhofiF 1909

CHAIRMEN BOARD OF SUPERVISORS

(R) Charles Kilbourne 1883 (D) Frederick Hessenger 1884 (R) Dewitt Knapp 1888 (R) John F. Simpson 1893 (D) Thornton A. Niven 1894 (R) John F. Simpson 1895 (R) Edwin R. Dusinbury 1898 (R) William H. H. Hour 1899 (D) John M. Watson 1904 (D) Valentine Scheedell 1906 (R) Alexander Moore 1908 (D) Valentine Scheedell 1910

208 CHAPTER XX

Tioga County By Le Roy W. Kingman

the second division of Montgomery county WHENwas effected, in February, 1791, three new counties were erected therefrom — Herkimer,

Otsego, and Tioga. In this division Tioga county contained its present territory, together with Broome, Che- mung, and portions of Clienango and Tompkins counties. A part of Chenango was taken from Tioga in 1798, Broome in 1806, a portion of Tompkins in 18''2'2, and Chemung in 1836. In August, 1779, General Sulhvan's army marched up the Susquehanna river to meet General Clinton's forces at Choconut (now Union) and passing through Tioga county Sullivan's troops burned the log cabins which then comprised the Indian village of Owego. Nine years later, James McMaster and others who had been soldiers in Clinton's army came to Owego and they were the first settlers in Tioga county. At this time Owego was the only settlement of sufficient importance to be designated on the maps. It became of more importance later as a commercial center by reason of its situation, as it was the outlet for salt, plaster and other merchandise, which were bi'ought

209 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES down Cayuga lake in boats to Ithaca and sent thence by teams to Owego and shipped down the Susquehanna river in arks and on rafts to the Philadelphia and Baltimore markets.

In 1800 Daniel Cruger, Jr., an enterprising youth of nineteen years, began the publication of a newspaper called The American Constellation at a little settlement called Chenango, about a mile north of the present city of Binghamton. The paper was dated at Union, as Union was then the only postofEce within the present territory of Broome county. As Owego was the only settlement in this part of the State that was growing to any importance, Cruger in 1801 removed his press and type to Owego. The paper supported Jefferson and the anti-Federalists. This was the first newspaper printed anywhere in the southern tier counties of the State, and consequently the first organ of any political party here. In 1803 young Cruger sold his newspaper to Judge Stephen Mack, who changed its name to The American

Farmer. Cruger later became prominent in the politics of this State. The Democrats elected him to the Assem- bly from Allegany and Steuben counties in 1813 and he was re-elected four times thereafter. In 1816 he was chosen speaker of the House, and the same year he was elected to Congress. During a portion of this time he was also district attorney of the district which comprised the counties of Steuben, Allegany and Tioga. Judge Mack continued in the support of Jefferson, as an anti-Federalist, until his (Mack's) death, in 1814,

210 YORK ! THE NEW 1 PUBLIC LIBRARY

TiLDEi .•fiVy.CKas.E.H^ll K OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAXD TO HUGHES

when Stephen B. Leonard acquired the property and changed the name of the paper to Tlie Owego Gazette, which name it still bears. Mr. Leonard continued the of the policy paper on the same political lines as his predecessors until 1835, when it passed into other hands, and it has always supported the principles of the Democratic party. Hiram A. Beebe, who was later for thirty-seven years its editor, was a resourceful and shrewd political leader. In the days of the Civil ^Yar the fortunes of the Democracy had fallen so low that the nomination of a ticket was little more than a matter of form and its election impossible. It is related that so little interest was mani- fested in senatorial and congressional conventions that at one senatorial convention ]Mr. Beebe and a Democrat from another county were the only attending deleeates, and one acted as chairman and the other as secretary, nominating a candidate for senator, who was supported by the party at the election. There was no Whig organ here until 1836, when Andrew H. Calhoun established

The Oivego Advertiser, which in 1854 passed into other hands and its name was changed to The Owego Times. On the formation of the Republican party it became the Republican organ of Tioga county. Tioga county was controlled by the Democrats in its early history and until the breaking out of the Civil War. In those days the bar of the county was considered the ablest of any city or village in this part of the State, comprising such lawyers as John J. Taylor, Judge Stephen Strong, George Sidney Camp, Judge Alanson Munger,

211 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

William F. Warner, Thomas Farrington, and Judge Charles P. Avery, Democrats, and Judge John M. Parker, General Benjamin F. Tracy, Nathaniel W. Davis, General Isaac S. Catlin and Ezra S. Sweet, Whigs. Mr. Taylor was a member of the 27th Congress in 1852-4 and made a memorable speech on the Kansas-Nebraska bill, which prevented his return to Congress but gained him the friendship of President Pierce, Davis, Guthrie, and other Demo- crats of national importance. Judge Parker was a Supreme Court justice from 1859 until his death in 1873, and his son, Charles E. Parker, was also a Supreme Court justice from 1875 until 1906, the father and son enjoying the distinction of being the only Supreme Court judges ever appointed from Tioga county. Gilbert C. Walker was a prominent Democrat, the law partner of Generals Tracy and Catlin. After the Civil War and during the reconstruction period he became Governor of Virginia. In the Fremont campaign many of the Whigs joined the newly-formed Republican party, which was rapidly increased in number by accessions from the Democratic

party. It was at this time that Thomas C. Piatt made his

entry into politics as a member of the Republican Cam- paign Glee Club, in 1856. He afterward became the recognized leader of his party in this county and later extended his influence and power until he became the leader of his party in the entire State. When the Civil War broke out General Catlin organ-

, ized a company of infantry, one of the first companies

212 »STOr, LENOX J^'in TILOENFC'-'^-

OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES formed in the State and went to the front. Ilis brother- in-law. General Tracy, later organized and became colonel of the 109th regiment, and upon General Tracy's resignation of his command General Catlin became colonel. General Tracy afterward served with distinction as an associate judge of the Court of Appeals and as Secretary of the Navy in President Harrison's cabinet. Maintaining his voting residence in Owego, his old home, although eng-aged in business in New York much of his life, Mr. Piatt, through control of unlimited political patronage and also through opportunities offered by his business connections to obtain places for his supporters, in easily built up a strong political organization Tioga county, which he maintained practically unbroken during the rest of his life. So long as he continued active in political life he each year headed the Tioga county delegation to the State convention, where he was by reason of his power and influence a prominent figure. When Cleveland was elected Governor, in 1882, the county which two years previous had given Charles J. Folger for chief judge of the Court of Appeals 1,134 plu- of rality, gave Cleveland a plurality over Folger 440. This was the first break in the Republican vote in more than twenty years. But in the Presidential election two years later the vote against Cleveland was 988 and in 1888 it had increased to 1,243. In 1892 the plurality against Cleve- land was 1,298, and in the Presidential election of 1896 McKinley carried the county by 2,022. Then followed a gradual slump in the Republican majorities, which were

213 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES reduced in 1900 to 1,711, in 1908 to 1,543 for Taft and 1,467 for Hughes, and two years later the Republican plurality for Governor had been reduced to 236.

County Officers county judges and surrogates Charles E. Parker 1884 David T. Easton 1887 Howard J. Mead 1888 George F. Andrews 1906

SPECIAL COUNTY JUDGES Adolphus G. Allen 1883 J. F. Shoemaker 1886 Ambrose P. Eaton 1889 Adolphus G. Allen 1895 Frank A. Bell 1899

DISTRICT ATTORNEYS John G. Sears 1885 Jerry S. Gross 1888 Frank A. Darrow 1891 Oscar B. Glezen 1897 Stephen S. Wallis 1903 Frank Beck 1909

COUNTY CLERKS John J. Van Kleeck 1882 Orlando G. King 1888 Fred'k W. Richardson 1895 William B. Smith 1903 Minor D. Watkins 1909

SHERIFFS Charles Rodman 1884 Albert P. Cleveland 1887 Burr J. Davis 1889 George M. Geer 1889 Larue H. Conklin 1892

214 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Leonard D. Myers 1895 Fred G. Thurston 1898 Irving J. Delavan 1901 Alburn W. Parmelee 1904 Fremont Kirk 1907 Fred C. Daiiey 1911

COUNTY TREASURERS Charles F. Parmele 1881 Clarence A. Thompson 1887 Eli W. Stone 1890 Edward O. Eldredge 1896 Charles G. Woodford 1905

215

CHAPTER XXI

Tompkins County

By E. G. Wyckoff

COUNTY was created April 17, 1817, TOMPKINSfrom a portion of Seneca and Cayuga counties, and was named by its patriotic people after Daniel D. Tompkins, the great war Governor of the War of 1812, to whose memory a bronze tablet has recently been erected by the Tompkins County Historical Society in the new

Federal building located in the city of Ithaca, the county seat.

The early settlers of the territory now embraced by Tompkins county were men of a stamp to endure the hardships and privations of pioneer life as it existed in the beginning of the nineteenth century. Many of them were veterans or direct descendants of veterans of two wars with Great Britain. They were men who knew full well the of price civil and religious liberty; men whose patriotism and civic pride were unbounded and who left the stamp of their good citizenship upon their descendants, as is amply revealed by the county's record in the War of the Rebellion, which shows that every call for personal sacri- fice or for or men money was loyally met, and by its schools, its public libraries and its churches.

217 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

A few years before the formation of the county. General Simeon De Witt, an intimate friend and cousin of George and De Witt CUnton, and for many years surveyor general of the State of New York, purchased a large tract of land at the head of Cayuga Lake and founded the present city of Ithaca. Through his influence, many of his friends and former neighbors were induced to settle in the county. They were men of more than average ability and understanding, and aided materially in the formation of the reputation for good citizenship which the county early enjoyed and which to a marked degree it still retains.

It is not surpi'ising, therefore, that early in the history of Tompkins county we find that many of its citizens were men closely connected with public affairs and holding a high position in the councils of State and Nation, to an extent greater than in the present day. In the years immediately preceding the Civil War, the anti-slavery sentiment was predominant to such an " extent that Ithaca was widely known as an underground station," or harbor for fugitive slaves, many of whom settled in the country and some of whom are still living. It is but natural, therefore, with a people so constituted, that upon the formation of the Republican party Tompkins county became overwhelmingly Republican and upon general issues has always been a Republican stronghold, giving majorities in State and National elections ranging from one to two thousand. In later years, since the founding of Cornell University, there has been a steadily- the of growing independent influence in politics, tendency

218 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES which has been to make majorities smaller and results more uncertain each succeeding year. It will be interesting in future years to note the effect of this independent element upon the political parties of the county. " " Political isms have never been able to gain a permanent foothold. Greenbackism was short - lived. Hearstism has never secured votes enough to give it a right to a place on the county ticket, while the Socialist vote is very small and confined almost entirely to the city of Ithaca. The Prohibition party has in late years become of some importance, the party polling at the last election " " in the neighborhood of 500 votes. Bossism has played to the its parts in Tompkins county politics right down present in both parties. Nominations, even for minor " " offices, have been dictated by a Democratic ring or a " Republican boss." Formerly a Republican nomination for a county office was equal to an election. For the past " three or four years boss "-named candidates have gone down to defeat simply because of their affiliation. Party lines are not nearly so closely drawn as in former times. Within the last year or two the so-called progressive Republican idea has shown considerable strength, but it is hard to foretell what influence, if any, it may have on the future politics of the county.

In the last thirty years a Democratic member of Assembly has been elected on but two occasions, in the Cleveland-Folger campaign and at the election of 1910, and only upon a few occasions latterly have Democratic county officers been elected. No candidate on the

219 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Republican ticket higher than for a county office has ever been defeated, except that in the election of 1910 the Republican candidate for Congress failed to carry the county. During this time Tompkins county has furnished to the nation one of its greatest diplomats and statesmen in the person of Andrew D. White, first president of Cornell University, to whom Cornell, more than to any other one man, owes its existence and marvelous growth — a man of whom his adopted county is justly proud and whom it is delighted to proclaim as its first citizen in all that goes to make good citizenship. President White has represented the United States as ambassador to Russia and Germany and as a delegate to the first peace confer- ence at The Hague. Jacob Gould Schurman, president of Cornell Univer-

sity, has also represented the nation, having been selected by President McKinley as a member of the first Philippine Commission.

In 1879, Alonzo B. Cornell, eldest son of Ezra Cornell,

founder of Cornell University, was elected Governor of the State of New York. One of his notable appointments was that of the Hon. Francis M. Finch to fill a vacancy in the Court of Appeals. At the end of his appointive term Judge Finch was elected for a full term and continued to grace and adorn the bench until he reached the age limit. Judge Finch was a man of high literary attainments. His opinions are models of legal expression, characterized by clearness, force and purity of language to such an extent

220 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES that they may be read with interest by laymen. He was " the author of many poems, one of which, The Blue and the Gray," is world-read and is alone sufficient to place him among leading American poets. Judge Douglass Boardman, a former partner of Judge Finch, was another famous jurist from Tompkins county. He was for many years one of the judges of the sixth Judicial district of the Supreme Court and as a trial judge had a State-wide reputation. He served for a number of years as one of the judges of the General Term of the Third Department, and upon his retirement from the bench became the first dean of the school of law at Cornell

University. For the last thirty-five years the little village of Dry- den, in Tompkins county, has furnished three of the four Congressmen who have represented the 30th Congres- sional district, viz., Milo Goodrich, Jeremiah W. Dwight and his son, John W. Dwight, the pi'esent Congressman. Since 1880 the county has been represented among State officers by Charles A. Collin, statutory revision commissioner, De F. Van Vleet, civil service commissioner, George E. Priest, State tax commissioner, Cuthbert W. Pound, civil service commissioner, and Charles E. Treman, superintendent of public works. Among those who have in later years represented the county in the State Legislature with credit to themselves, the county and the State are John H. Selkreg and Edwin C. Stewart, in Senate and Assembly, and Samuel D. Halliday, in Assembly.

2!!1 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Owing largely to the great success and influence of Cornell University, the schools of the county are second to none in the State, with the result that it has become a widely-known educational center, and it is safe to predict I that the future pages of State and National history will contain an ever increasing list of honored sons of Tompkins county. CHAPTER XXII

Warren County By Hon. Nash Rockwood

COUNTY, originally a part of Wash-

formed on March is WARRENington, was 12, 1813, and a distinctive county, possessing almost unlimited

possibilities for commercial development. It is bounded on the south by the Hudson river, with a water power at Glens Falls which is one of the most valuable in the State.

Near this point has been founded the city of Glens Falls, which is not only prosperous and thrifty, but whose people are possessed of a business energy which has brought to

the city unusual advancement in every line of trade and manufacture.

Glens Falls has the distinction of being the birthplace of Hon. Charles E. Hughes, an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court and the recent Governor of New York State, whose achievements as an executive well " merit the phrase that he was possessed of wisdom to see the right — courage to dare the task, and with strength to do the duty." The facts of the administration of former Governor Hughes are too recent to need review here. They will ever live in the history of the Empire State as the life record of a man who stood for an honest adminis-

tration of public duty and for the uplifting of patriotic

223 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

standards. In his present judicial position of power and influence, the people of the State and those of Warren

county, his birthplace, take a just interest and pride. The unusual coincidence and distinction of the selection of two successive Governors of New York State from the same county is to be noted in the fact that Governor John A. Dix was also born at Glens Falls, on December

2.5, 1860. The career of Governor Dix is so well and

favorably known to all of our citizens that no extensive reference to it is here required. Engaged in business pursuits in and about Warren county for many years, Mr. Dix established such a reputation for integrity and honest motives that his party turned to him as the one man

it in capable of restoring to power State politics. That the selection was justified is shown by the recent election, and that the faith of the people in their present Governor has not been misplaced is demonstrated by the lofty principles which have governed every action of our Chief Executive. As in Governor Hughes the people of the State found a fearless citizen, controlled only by the dictates of his own conscience, so in Governor Dix the people have a leader in whom they have confidence and to the integrity of whose principles they have pledged their loyal support. Political history will ever recall the interesting fact that the county of Warren has given to the Empire State two successive Governors, each of whom belonged to a difl^erent political party. One of the most conspicuous and well-known citizens of Warren county is Hon. Addison B. Colvin, noted

224 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

throushout the State as a former State treasurer and leader of in Republican politics. Mr. Colvin has been a man accomplishments. He was the organizer and builder of the Hudson Valley Railway, extending from Warrensburg to Troy. He is the president of the Glens Falls Publish- ing Company, publisher of the Daily Times, and the builder and owner of the Empire Theatre. In short, the activities of Mr. Colvin have been synonomous with the progress of Warren county for many years. Warrensburg is the home of Hon. Ij. W. Emerson and Hon. James A. Emerson, two brothers, both of whose names must be written foremost in the chronicles of the

county. They are the principal stockholders and active factors in the management of the Emerson National Bank of Warrensbui'g, and are also interested in the Empire Shirt Company, the Warrensburg Woolen Company, and numerous other enterprises. Hon. L. W. Emerson served as a member of Congress and is a State leader who has given his best efforts to the promotion of Republican interests. In 1906 Hon. James A. Emerson was elected senator from the 32nd Senatorial district, and in the fall of 1908, and again in 1910, he was renominated and re-elected. Senator Emerson is popular with his constituents, and has devoted his energies in the Senate most successfully to the promotion of legislation for the extension of good roads. He was recently successful in procuring the passage of an act which contemplates a continuous State road from Albany to the Canadian border. This road, when completed, will wind through a

325 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES most picturesque portion of the State, by rivers and Adirondack lakes, and will greatly add to the pleasure and comfort of the people. Hon. Joseph A. Kellogg is another citizen of Warren county of whose career its people are proud. Mr. Kellogg has always been a Democrat in politics and the candidate of his party for many high offices. He is a lawyer, practicing his profession at Glens Falls, and has been retained on one side or the other of practically all of the important litigation of his section. Mr. Kellogg was recently appointed an assistant attorney-general, and to the State as a client he is now giving that same careful, honest and able attention which has ever marked his care of private interests.

Lake George, located on the easterly side of Warren county, has within the past decade attracted to its shores many prominent men, who have there created summer residences and estates of unusual architectural and land- scape beauty. Among these may be mentioned Hon. Geoi'ge Foster Peabody, of New York, former treasurer of the Democratic national committee and at present chairman of the State reservation for the preservation of the springs at Saratoga; Hon. Spencer Trask, whose death in a railroad collision in 1909 elicited widespread sympathy and sorrow, and Hon. Edward M. Shepard, a well-known leader in the Democratic party. These and many others have transformed the country about Lake George into a vast garden, with splendid roads, modern country homes and beautiful surroundings. The approach to Lake

236 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

George is now reached by State road from Glens Falls, which, as it winds around the mountains — giving glimpses of the lake ever and anon — forms one of the most delightful rides in Northern New York. Schroon I^ake, in the northerly part of Warren county, is another charming resort much favored by the tomist.

Those active politically and in the practice of law in Warren county at the present time include Hon. George S. Raley, county judge and surrogate; Hon. Lyman Jenkins, former county judge; James S. Kiley, liOuis M. Brown, Henry W. Williams, James McPhillips, Hon. John Cunningham, district attorney, J. Edward Singleton, John H. Baiker, Edward M. Angell, Frank L. Bell, Walter A. Chambers, Daniel J. Finn, J. Ward Russell, Frank D. Morehouse, Charles R. Patterson and Frank

INI. Starbuck.

A list of Warren county officials since the year 1883 is as follows :

COUNTY JUDGES AND SUBROGATES

Andrew J. Cheritree 1883 Lyman Jenkins 1901 William L. Kiley 1907 Lyman Jenkins 1909 George S. Raley 1911

DISTRICT ATTORNEYS Henry A. Howard 1883 Charles R. Patterson 1886 Lyman Jenkins 1892 William L. Kiley 1901 Beecher S. Clother 1907 John H. Cunningham 1910

227 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

COUNTY CLERKS Daniel V. Brown 1883 William H. Van Cott 1886 Archibald R. Noble 1892 Edwin C. Sisson 1904

SHERIFFS Truman N. Thomas 1883 George F. Bryant 1886 I Joseph B. Mills 1889 Edward Reed 1892 Courtney S. Collins 1895 Joseph B. Mills 1897 Richard P. Smith, Jr 1900 Dudley Gill 1901 William R. Clother 1903 William W. Bowyer 1904 Willard W. Hall." 1907 Thomas J. Smith 1910

COUNTY TREASURERS

Emerson S. Crandall 1883 Albert H. Thomas 1886 Frank S. Packard 1895 Louis E. Reoux 1907 John Bazinet 1910 CHAPTER XXIII Wayne County

By Charles H. Betts,

Editor of The Lyons Republican

COUNTY, which takes its name from WAYNEGeneral Anthony Wayne, the distinguished General of the Revolutionary War and the hero of Stony Point, contains 350,513 acres of land, about two- thirds of which is improved and in a high state of cultiva- tion. The county was erected by an act of the Legislature passed April 11, IS^S. The first part of the act reads as

follows :

" An act to erect a new county from parts of tlie counties of Ontario and Seneca, by the name of Wayne, and for other purposes." Passed April 11, 1823. " Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the people of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, that all that part of the counties of Ontario and Seneca hereinafter mentioned, that is to say, the towns of Wolcott and Galen, in the county of Seneca, and the towns of Lyons, Sodus, Williamson, Ontario, Palmyra, and Macedon, and all that part of the town of Phelps which lies north of an east and west line to be run from the southwest corner of the town of Galen, in the county of Seneca, to the east line of the town of Manchester, in the county of Ontario, together with such part of the territory of said counties as is included between the southern shore of Lake Ontario and the boundary between the United States and Upper Canada on the north, the easterly line of the town of Wolcott continued to the said boundary line on the east and the westerly line of the town of Ontario continued

2S9 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES to the said boundary line on the west, shall constitute a distinct county, to be known by the name of Wayne."

The act then provided in section 2 that William D. Frost, of Jefferson county, Samuel Strong, of Tioga county, and Oliver P. Ashley, of Greene county, should act as a commission to determine the proper sites of the court-house located in which town be- and jail. They were Lyons, came and has since remained the county seat. The third section of the act provided for the creation of a Court and the fourth section provided that the first session of the Court should be held in the Presbyterian Church at Lyons. The fifth section provided that Wayne county might confine her prisoners in the Ontario county

jail until such time as the county jail could be erected, and section 6 of the act provided that Wayne county should have two representatives in the Assembly. Section 10 provided that the first meeting of the supervisors of the county should be held at the house of Henry L. Woolsey, in Lyons, on the first Tuesday of October, 1823. The first election of county officers was held on May 6, 1823. Thomas Armstrong, of Butler, was elected sherift'; William H. Adams, a young and prominent law-

yer, district attorney; Israel J. Richardson, county clerk; and Russell Whipple, coroner. John S. Tallmadge quali- fied as surrogate on the same day and the organization of the county was declared to be completed. The first Court was held on the fourth Tuesday of May, 1823, Judge John S. Tallmadge presiding, assisted by Enoch Morris and AYilliam Sisson. Mr. Sisson was

230 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES the first elected judge of the county. Samuel Hecox was appointed by the board of supervisors as the first county treasurer. The first assemblymen, elected in 1824, were James Dickinson and Russell Whipple, ^yilliam H. Adams and Enoch Morris were the second assemblymen elected. The first State senator from Wayne county was Byram Greene (1823-4). Thomas Armstrong, the first sheriff, and who was afterwards member of Assembly for several years, was elected the second State senator (1830- 1837). He was succeeded by Lyman Sherwood (1843-4), William Clark (1854-5), Samuel C. Cuyler (1856-7), Alexander B. Williams (1858-61), Stephen K. Williams (1864-9), Thomas Robinson (1884-5), Charles T. Saxton (1891-4) and Frederick W. Griffith (1910-11) and present Senator.

Theron R. Strong (1839-40) was the first congressman elected from Wayne county and he was succeeded by Byram Greene (1843-44), John M. Holley (1847-48), Martin Butterfield (1859-61), George W^ Cowles (1869- 1871) and John H. Camp (1877-83). Theron R. Strong was afterward elected justice of the Supreme Court and Van Rensselaer Richmond was chosen for State engineer. Charles T. Saxton was elected Lieutenant Governor in 1894.

Wayne county is justly celebrated for the variety and

fertility of her soil, her fine, well-kept farms, the abundance and quality of grain crops and her famous apples, but she is far more celebrated for the distinguished men which she has produced — men who have impressed themselves

231 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES by their individuality, intellectual attainments and wide influence upon the State and Nation. Among the prominent and influential business men who took an active part in developing the business and commercial interests of the county in the early days were many men of great force of character and commanding influence. Among them were the following : Myron Holly, member of Assembly in 1821, when the county was a part of Ontario county. He was appointed canal commissioner of the State April 17, 1817, and William Leete Stone, the historian, declares that his name " will be perpetuated as long as the lakes and the ocean are connected by the golden commercial chain forged under the direction of the Great Clinton." Mr. Holly owned a large and beautiful landed estate at Lyons. Captain Daniel Dorsey, physician, lawyer and soldier, was one of the first settlers in Wayne and a commanding figure in the early history of the county. He rendered patriotic service as captain of the famous " " Flying Camp under General Washington in the Revolutionary War. Coles Bashford, district attorney in 1847-50 and the first Republican Governor of the State of W^isconsin. Ambrose Spencer, a founder of the Episcopal Church at Lyons, who as chief judge of the Supreme Court, then the court of last resort, became one of the distinguished jurists of the State. Pliny Sexton, of Palmyra, founder of the Sexton

Bank in that village and father of Pliny T. Sexton, who

232 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES has conducted the bank with marked success since his father's death.

De Witt Parshall, who became the leading business man in Wayne and who founded the Lyons National Bank. He was for many years the most active and potent influence in the business life of the county and also took an active interest in politics, having represented his town upon the board of supervisors and he also represented Wayne county in the Assembly in 1868. In the business world Wayne county is known as the home of the evaporated apple industry and the peppermint oil industry, and Hiram G. Hotchkiss, of Lyons, the " Peppermint King," attained international fame, and the Hotchkiss Essential Oil is still the standard for the world.

Edward H. Harriman, the greatest railroad genius of any age, began his business career at Sodus Point, Wayne county, and at the time of his death he was still interested in the Furnaceville mines in the town of Ontario. Rear iVdmiral William T. Sampson, the hero of Santiago, was a Wayne county boy, born in Palmyra. Rear Admiral Willard T. Brownson, whom President

McKinley sent to Eui'ope to purchase ships during the Spanish-American War, is a Wayne county boy, born in Lyons, where his sisters, INIrs. Volney H. Sweeting and Miss Brownson, still reside at the old homestead on Phelps Street. William H. Stewart, for many years United States Senator from the State of Nevada and the most successful mining lawyer in the United States, was a Lyons boy,

233 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

and made an extended visit to his old home in Lyons just previous to his death. Wayne county is not only justly celebrated for her naval commanders, her statesmen and her captains of industry, but she has made large contributions to the

religious world.

Joseph Smith, the founder of the Mormon religion, was born in Palmyra. The Mormon Bible, which is now the sacred scriptures of the Mormons, was claimed to have been found by him on tablets of gold near Palmyra, buried on what is known as Mormon Hill, now owned by the Mormon Church, and the most sacred shrine of the Latter Day Saints.

From the little hamlet of Hydeville, near the village of Newark, the Fox sisters gave Spiritualism to the world,

and this religion has spread throughout the confines of

civilization and has received the sanction, with slight modifications, of some of the most intellectually brilliant people in every country, including such eminent scientists as Sir Oliver Lodge, Camille Flammarion and Alfred Russell Wallace.

To the musical world Wayne county contributed

William H. Sherwood, America's greatest pianist, who

recently died in Chicago. He was a son of the late Rev. Lvman H. Sherwood, who for many years conducted a musical academy at Lyons which attained wide fame. Mrs. Lyman H. Sherwood, the aged mother of the dis-

still resides in tinguished pianist, Lyons.

234

OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Among Wayne's patriotic sons who distinguished themselves in war were General William H. Adams, in the War of 1812; Col. Anson S. Wood, Col. Joseph Corning, Col. Joseph Welling, Col. William Kreutzer, INIajor William H. Wood and jNIajor George W. Brinkerhoff in the Civil War.

In the early history of Wayne county strong and able men were dominant both in business and politics. Such sturdy characters and strong leaders as Thomas Arm- strong, of Butler, who was honored by being elected supervisor first from Wolcott, then from Butler, was member of Assembly before the county was created and when it was a part of Seneca county. He was the first sheriff of Wayne county in 18'23; was member of Assembly from 1827 to 1829; was State senator from 1830 to 1837 and again elected member of Assembly in 1839. William H. Adams was the first district attorney of the county in 1823, member of Assembly in 1825 and one of the prominent lawyers and leaders of his time. Tlieron R. Strong was also one of the active political leaders of the county. He was member of Congress in 1839; member of Assembly in 1842 and Supreme Court justice in 1851. John M. Holly, district attorney in 1831 and again in 1842 and member of Congress 1847-8. Alexander B. Williams, a strong and rugged character, whose activity in the political field resulted in his becoming the acknowledged Republican leader of the county. He was the friend and political adviser of

235 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Thurlow Weed, and had a long and useful public career. He was county clerk two terms, being elected in 1845 and 1848, and State senator from 1858 to 1861. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention that nominated Lincoln in 1860. During the campaign of that year he entertained both Lincoln and Seward at his home in Lyons, an event that is well remembered by his daughter, Mrs. Alexander H. Tower, who still resides on Broad Street in the village of Lyons. Associated with him as Republican leader were such prominent and influential men as Saxon B. Gavitt, who succeeded Mr.

Williams as county clerk and served three years, he having been elected to that office in 1851. Mr. Gavitt afterward became one of the most prominent bankers and business men in Wayne county. The writer cannot in the limited space allotted him more than briefly mention those who have been prominent and exercised a commanding influence in the politics of Wayne county and of the State. Among those who have risen to a position of influence in recent years which extended beyond the county, by reason of their force of character, their individuality, their abiUty and their leadership, may be mentioned: Stephen K. Williams, of Newark, Republican, district attorney in 1850 and member of the State Senate (1864-

69). He was an influential member of that body and a of the State. potent factor in the politics of the county and He was United States Supreme Court reporter in 1882.

236 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Richard P. Groat, of Newark, a prominent Republi- can leader, was appointed keeper of the almshouse inl8()l and served in that office nine years. He was elected sheriff in 187o and served one term. He was afterwards ap- internal pointed revenue collector and served nine years. He served in the State Assembly (1889-91), was appointed postmaster of the village of Newark by President McKinley and served two terms in that office. Mr. Groat was born March 29, 1822, and died July 27, 1910, at the ripe old age of 88 years. For half a century he was one of the most intelligent, active and skillful political leaders who ever lived in the county. Thomas Robinson, of Clyde, Republican, school commissioner (1860-3), State senator (1884-5) and served two years as Republican State committeeman from the 31st Congressional district. Mr. Robinson has been a factor in prominent the politics of Wayne county for nearly is a of fifty years. He man unusual ability, a keen political student and a good lawyer. He is still practicing law at N. is Clyde, Y., and active and vigorous despite his advanced years. W. George Cowles, of Clyde, Republican, congressman from 1869 to 1871; county judge in 1863, re-elected in 1867 and served until 1873; re-elected again in 1885 and served until 1891.

John E. Hough, of Butler, Republican, one of the prominent and influential leaders in eastern Wayne, who the represented town of Butler on the board of supervisors for eight years and was chairman of the board three vears.

237 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

He was elected to the Assembly and represented Wayne county in that body in 1893. He was the first member of Assembly to represent the whole county in the Legislature. The Democratic Legislature passed an act in 1892 putting the county into one district, and Mr. Hough was the first member elected after the act took effect. He was a man of exalted character and splendid ability, and was a wholesome and influential factor in the business and political life of Wayne county for more than a quarter of a century. Thaddeus W. Collins, of Lyons, is one of the active Republican leaders of the county and has been frequently honored by his fellow citizens. He has served as supervisor from the town of Wolcott and the town of Lyons. He was county clerk from 1866 to 1869, was member of Assembly from 1863 to 1865. The latter year he was Republican leader of the Assembly and came within one vote of being elected Speaker. In 1879 Mr. Collins was elected county judge and suri'ogate and filled the position with signal ability for six years. He is still actively engaged in the practice of law at Lyons, N. Y. John H. Camp, of Lyons, succeeded Alexander B. Williams as the acknowledged Republican leader of the county and he had an active and distinguished political career. Mr. Camp was a nephew of Thomas C. Piatt, the great Republican leader of the State for many years, and, like his distinguished uncle, he had a genius for politics. When a young man he entered the surrogate's office as a clerk. After he had been admitted to the bar

238 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

he took a commanding position in liis profession and was elected district attorney, making a l)rilliant record in that office. He was chairman of the RepubHcan county committee for many years and in 187'2 he was a Presidential elector. In 1876 he was elected to Congress, where he served three terms with conspicuous ability, and in 1883 he was a candidate for justice of the Supreme Court, but was defeated in the election. He continued his active participation in politics, however, and he was the undisputed leader of his party until liis death in 1892. The law firm of Camp & Dunwell was one of the leading law firms in Western New York, and John H. Camp, by reason of his great political influence and his high standing as a lawyer, gained a State-wide reputation and numbered among his clients the Standard Oil Company, the New York Central Railroad Company and the Bell Telephone Company. His skill as a politician, his standing and reputation as a lawyer and his relations with his distinguished uncle, the Republican State leader, made him at the time of his death second only to Mr. Piatt himself in political influence in the State. P. John Bennett, born in Williamson July 10, 18'-24, was one of the strong and stalwart Republican leaders of the county, who was frequently honored by the constituents of his own town and by the Republicans of the county. He was elected supervisor in 1879 and served for seventeen years. He was sherift' in 1862, 1863 and 1864 and was elected to that office the second time in 1868 and served until 1870. He enjoyed the honor and distinction of being

239 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES the only man who was ever twice elected sheriff of Wayne county. Mr. Bennett served in the State Assembly in 1854, 1855 and 1890. During his service on the board of supervisors he was chairman of that body for many years and was the most prominent and influential member of the county legislature. He was a man of high character, rugged honesty and splendid ability. He was modest, unassuming, an intelligent student of public affairs, a trained thinker, a logical reasoner and a level-headed, far-sighted politician. He died January 12, 1896. Theron G. Yeomans, of Walworth, was another Republican leader who exerted a wide influence both in business and political circles. The Yeomans family is one of the oldest and most prominent families in the county. Mr. Yeomans was a successful fruit-grower, a prominent farmer and a trained business man. He was active in politics and was elected supervisor from his town, after which he was elected member of Assembly and served in that body in 1852-3. He was a delegate from this Congress district to the national Republican convention which nominated James G. Blaine in 1884. His son, Lucien T. Yeomans, represented Wayne county in the State Assembly in 1872-3, and his nephew, Albert Yeomans, is the present member of Assembly from Wayne. Col. Anson S. Wood, of Wolcott, was a prominent Republican whose influence extended far beyond the county and he became a State figure. He began his political career by several years' service on the board of supervisors and represented the eastern district of Wayne

240

^^-^^A'^^.^^.^.^^^tS^^zzz:^ OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES county in the Assembly in 1870-71. He was deputy secretary of state for four years, was Republican State committeeman from the 31st Congress district for two years and was State commander of the Grand Army of the Republic. He was a brilliant campaign orator and spoke in nearly every State in the Union. Charles T. Saxton, of Clyde, was one of the most distinguished of Wayne county's sons. He was born in 1846 and enlisted in the Civil War when he was a boy, serving with distinction. He served in the Assembly in 1887, 1888 and 1889 and was chairman of the judiciary committee and one of the leaders of that body. He championed many reform measures, among which was the Australian ballot, the corrupt practice act and other measures of importance. He was elected to the State Senate in the fall of 1889. In 1893 he was re-elected and

in 1894 resigned to accept the Republican nomination for Lieutenant Governor, he having been nominated on the Republican ticket when Levi P. Morton was nominated for Governor. Mr. Saxton was elected with the

rest of the ticket and served in that position two years. When Hon. Frank S. Black was elected Governor he

appointed Mr. Saxton to the position of chief judge of the Court of Claims, which position he held until his death. Hon. Charles T. Saxton was one of the most popular and influential Republicans in the State. He had a fine

literary style, was a finished and brilliant orator, and was always in great demand as a public speaker. He died October 23, 1903.

241 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

James W. Dunwell, of Lyons, when a young man studied law and was admitted to the bar. lie quickly gained a reputation as a successful trial lawyer. In 1877 he became the law partner of Hon. John H. Camp, the Republican leader of the county. This firm soon became the leading firm in Wayne county and one of the most prominent in Western New York. The partnership continued until Mr. Camp's death in 1892. On account of his acknowledged ability and his reputation as a lawyer, Mr. Dunwell retained the large clientage inherited from the firm and had a fine practice until he was elected Supreme Court judge in 1895. He was a delegate to the Republican national convention at Minneapolis in 1892. He continued to exert a wide influence until his death, May 22, 1907. He was a brother of the late Congressman Charles T. Dunwell, of Brooklyn. Justice Dunwell was a good lawyer and an able judge. His decisions were uniformly sound and were rarely reversed. He was a son-in-law of Hon. Richard P. Groat and his elevation to the bench was largely due to the influence of that veteran Republican leader, together with his own splendid equip- ment for the position, which was everywhere recognized. Barnett H. Davis, of Palmyra, who is one of the best known Republican leaders of Wayne county, attained a

State-wide influence during his active political career. Mr. Davis served in the Assembly of 1886, 1887 and 1888 and succeeded the Hon. John H. Camp as Republican State committeeman in 1892 from this Congress district.

242 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HTGHES

He was an active and efficient member of the State com-

mittee for eight years. He was president of the Forest, Fish and Game Commission from 1895 to 1900, a position

which he filled for two terms with ability. He was then appointed deputy State treasurer in 1900 and served in this position six years, after which he retired from active

still in he is a politics. He is living Palmyra, where prominent business man. S. Nelson Sawyer, of Palmyra, was born in 1858. He held many local positions of honor and trust in his town and was district attorney of the county, having been elected in 1888. At the end of his term he was re-elected, being the first district attorney in the county to be elected two terms in succession. Mr. Sawyer made a brilliant record as district attorney and was a vigorous and fearless prosecutor. He was elected county judge and surrogate in 1898. He was re-elected in 1904 and resigned in 1907 to become a candidate for

Supreme Court justice, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Justice James W. Dunwell. Mr. Sawyer was unanimously nominated by the judicial convention, after which he Avas appointed Supreme Court justice by Governor Charles E. Hughes until the first of January, to fill the vacancy occasioned by Justice Dunwell's death. He was elected in the fall and is now serving his elective term of fourteen years upon the bench. Judge Sawyer was an able, conscientious and fair-minded county judge and gained an enviable reputation while he was county judge and surrogate. This was true in such a marked

343 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES degree that when Justice Dunwell died all eves were turned to Judge Sawyer as his logical successor, and he w'as paid the high compliment of a unanimous nomination in the judicial convention, no other candidate entering the field against him. Since he has been on the Supreme Court bench. Justice Sawyer has added much to his prestige and popularity by his judicial dignity, his legal learning, his correct rulings and uniform courtesy and impartiality. He is a prominent INIason, having been Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the State in 1908-09. Marvin I. Greenwood, of Newark, Republican, district attorney in 1876, member of Assembly 1888-89 and 1910. He occupied a prominent position in the State Legislature as a member of the rules committee, the ways and means committee and chairman of excise. He is a man of commanding presence, a fine speaker and for the past twenty-five years has been one of the prominent lawyers in the county and one of the influential Republi- can leaders. He is still practicing law at Newark under the firm name of Greenwood & Harris.

Frederick Winter Griffith represented the town of Palmyra three years on the board of supervisors and served three years in the State Assembly — 1900, 1901 and 1902. He was a delegate to the national Republican convention at Chicago in 1908. He was elected to the

State Senate in 1910 at a special election held in the month of January to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Senator John Raines, the Republican leader in the upper

344

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house of the I^egislature. Senator Griffith was renominated and re-elected in tlie fall of 1910. He is a prominent business man and one of the partners of the Garloek Packing Company of Palmyra, N. Y., which is the largest business concern in Wayne county. Senator Griffith takes an active interest in political aflairs and is an able and efficient legislator. Charles H. Betts, of Lyons, is one of those whose interest in politics dates from boyhood. When at college he was active politically and was elected president of the College Republican Club. He was for ten years chief of the revision department in the New York State Assembly and revised and corrected the bills before they were put upon the statute books. He has never been a candidate for any public office. He was elected Republican State committeeman from the 31st Congress district to succeed Colonel Anson S. Wood in 1904 and was re-elected in 1906-08-10, and his term will expire in 1912. Mr. Betts is one of the principal stock-holders, a director and vice-president of the Hough Shade Corporation, manufacturers of Vudor porch shades and hammocks at Janesville, Wisconsin. He has been editor and proprietor of The Lyons Republican, the leading newspaper of Wayne county, for the past fourteen years, having purchased the paper in 1897 from INIr. Clement R. Sherwood. Mr. Betts is a strong editorial writer and always has the courage to express his honest thoughts. His vigorous and fearless criticism of Governor Hughes' scheme of direct nominations attracted State-wide attention. During

245 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES the first six years he served on the State committee his district was represented in Congress by the RepubUcan leader of the House of Representatives, Hon. Sereno E. Payne, and by the Repubhcan leader of the State Senate, Hon. John Raines, a distinction enjoyed by no other Con- gress district in the United States. It is doubtful if in the whole history of the country any other Congress district has had at the same time the leader of the House of Representatives and the leader of the State Senate. In the newspaper field there have been five veteran editors who have won distinction by their ability and long service. Three of them — William T. Tinsley, A. S. Averill and Frederick W. demons —- were Republicans, and they have all passed away. Jacob Wilson and Will- iam Van Camp are Democrats. Mr. Tinsley was for more than thirty years editor and proprietor of The Lyons Republican, and he was prominent in the political movements of his time. He was an intelligent and well-informed newspaper man and a ready and forceful writer. He was elected president of the Press Association of the State of New York. Mr. demons was editor of the Palmyra Journal and postmaster of Palmyra and held a prominent position in Washington for many years. He was an able and crisp writer, gifted wath a sense of humor, and he was a successful editor.

Mr. Averill was editor and proprietor of the Palmyra Courier and was one of the oldest editors in the State when he died in 1910. He was an able writer, a stalwart

246 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Republican and always conducted a clean, independent and influential paper. William Van Camp is editor and proprietor of The Wayne Democratic Press, the most influential Democratic newspaper in Wayne county. T/ie Democratic Press was owned and edited by Mr. Van Camp's father, William Van Camp, who was a prominent figure in Wayne county

business and political circles. On the death of his father, Mr. Van Camp succeeded to the business, which he has since conducted with conspicuous ability and success. Mr. Wilson was editor of the Newark Courier, a Democratic paper of high standing and influence, and he is one of the ablest writers not only in the county, but in the State and Nation. He is the author of several works

of merit, has traveled extensively in Europe, has a wide range of polished information and is a philosopher. He is now living in retirement and enjoying his books. He will be 80 years of age May 12, 1911. Rudolf Eucken, " the great German philosopher, author of The Problem of Human Life," recently wrote Mr. Wilson a very flatter- ing letter commending his latest philosophical work. In 1875 he was honored with the degree of Ph. D. from Union College. Many prominent Republicans in the past and present have devoted the active years of their life to the promotion of the cause of Republicanism in their respective towns and rose to prominence and influence in the county, and

are deserving of mention. Among them are : Dr. Mortimer F. Sweeting, the first school commissioner of Wayne county and for a quarter of a century

347 L OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES an active and influential leader in the councils of the

Republican party. John Vandenberg, who was district attorney of the county and served two terms in the Assembly (1866-7). Byron Thomas, who served one term as county clerk, and is one of the county's active and stalwart Republicans. Luther M. Norton, who served two terms as county judge and surrogate and was an able lawyer and a good judge. Jefferson Sherman, who served two terms in the

State Assembly with credit and ability. Richard T. Ellison, a man of sterling worth, who had a long and useful service on the board of supervisors and served one term as county treasurer. Jackson Valentine, who served many years on the board of supervisors and was chairman of the board and member of Assembly in 1877-78. Samuel Cosad, of Huron, who was an active factor in politics for many years and was school commissioner several terms, had a long service on the board of supervisors and was chairman of that body. Pliny T. Sexton, lawyer, banker, scholar and an honored member of the State Board of Regents for many years, where he rendered conspicuous service to the educational department of the State. He is still one of the most active and influential members of that body. Major George W. Brinkerhoff, of Wolcott, a gallant soldier in the Civil War, member of Assembly in 1892 and also represented his town in the county legislature with credit and ability.

248 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Ledyard S. Cuyler, who was county clerk continuously for fifteen years and chairman of the Republican county committee for eight years. He is a son of the late Senator Samuel C. Cuyler. L. M. Blakely, prominent in the social and political life of Lyons, a wealthy business man and an active Republican leader, who was appointed by Governor Frank S. Black as State commissioner to represent the Empire State at the Paris Exposition. He was elected vice-president of the commission and so ably performed the duties of his office that the Exposition managers awarded him a gold medal. " Sidney J. Hopping, of Rose, one of Nature's Noble- men," a fine gentleman, a student, thinker and philosopher, and a Republican who was always on the firing line. A. G. Farrand, of Savannah, as reliable as the attrac- tion of gravitation. John ]McGonigal, who served as school commissioner and county clerk. The silent and wise politician. Volney H. Sweeting, son of Dr. Mortimer F. Sweet- ing, a noble son of a noble sire, who served as county clerk and county treasurer and was a brother-in-law of Rear Admiral Brownson.

A. S. Farnum, clerk of the board of supervisors, represented the town of Savannah five years on the board and was member of Assembly in 1885-6. He was a good politician and a trusted lieutenant of Mr. Camp. George S. Horton, of Wolcott, lawyer and business man. Served in the Assembly in 1894-5-6-7. He was an

249 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

intelligent, active, industrious legislator who made a State- wide reputation. Addison P. Smith, of Savannah, supervisor from 1893 to 1903 and chairman from 1898 to 1903; member of Assembly 1903-4-5. One of the best and most popular members Wayne ever sent to the Legislature. Edson W. Hamn, a good trial lawyer and a fine speaker. He represented the county in the Assembly four years, from 1906 to 1910. Albert Yeomans, the present member of Assembly from Wayne county, who is a prominent Granger, fruit- grower and business man. He was chairman of the Republican county committee four years and sheriff three years. He is a member of the prominent Yeomans family of Walworth. Dr. Andrew F. Sheldon, who served nine years as county treasurer, and held many other positions of honor and trust.

Nathaniel J. Field, the present superintendent of the poor. An active Republican and prominent business man for 25 years. Cornelius I. DeZutter, one of the veteran Republican leaders of the county, a stalwart of the stalwarts and always a prominent figure at State conventions. George F. Waters, collector of the port at Pultney- ville, always in the front of the battle. George M. Sweezey, who has served a term as sheriflf of the county and held a position in Washington. As true to party and friends as the needle to the magnet.

250 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Lucien T. Yeomans, member of Assembly in 1872-3. A man of high standing and great force of character and in prominent both business and poHtics. Alfred H. Gates, county clerk from 1872 to 1875, deputy county clerk for nearly forty years and now deputy internal revenue collector.

Charles H. Ray, a prominent Lyons lawyer and district attorney of the county for one term. He was an able speaker and once held a joint political debate in Lyons with the distinguished Democratic southern orator, C. R. Breckenridge. Jeremiah Collins, sheriff of Wayne county one term (1907-9) and who has served as first deputy sheriff for more than twenty years. During his term of service he has to his credit many daring captures, chief among wliich was the capture of the notorious train robber, Oliver Curtis Perry.

Col. John W. Corning, sergeant-at-arms in the State Senate 1876-83, superintendent of canals and deputy collector of the port of New York. John A. founder Boyd, of the prominent Boyd family in who that in Sodus, represented town the county legislature in 1884-6 and again in 1895. Gorham J. Wilson, who has served longer on the board of supervisors than any other man in the county and was chairman of the board for many years. DeWitt C. Wheeler, who served one term as sheriff and is the present popular county clerk.

251 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

James D. Bashford, one of the Republican leaders of the county and the present able and efficient county treasurer, who is serving his fourth term in that office. He is a nephew of the late Coles Bashford, who was once Governor of Wisconsin.

Clyde W. Knapp, the present county judge and surrogate, who by his judicial temperament and conspicuous legal ability is making a splendid record. Joseph Gilbert, the present district attorney, who is serving his second term and has proven himself an able and fearless prosecutor. Adelbert C. Brink, lawyer, thinker, orator and present postmaster at Wolcott. Bert E. Valentine, of Rose, son of the late Hon. Jack- son Valentine. Like his father before him, Mr. Valentine is representing the town of Rose on the board of supervisors and he is one of the fighting young Republican leaders of the county. Emor E. Burleigh, of Newark, who rescued the town of Arcadia from Democi'atic control by accepting the nomination for supervisor when no one else dared to run. He defeated his Democratic opponent by a large majority in the election and is now the honored chairman of the board.

William G. Sisson, a business man and active Repub- lican. Represented Lyons in the county legislature six years with marked efficiency. He is now the county superintendent of highways for Wayne.

252 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

J. Worth Tindall, who with abihty represented the town of Rose on the board of supervisors. He was county superintendent of the poor for a time and is now the capable and popular keeper of the county home. Charles A. Noble, who from a poor boy rose to the position of one of the most prosperous and successful business men of Lyons. Elected mayor of the village by the largest majority given to a Republican candidate in a quarter of a century. He is now deputy county clerk and chairman of the Republican county committee. Edward Sautter, a prominent business man and postmaster at Lyons. The only Republican who has been elected mayor of the village twice in succession in twenty years. He works while others sleep and succeeds where others fail.

Byron N. Marriott, editor of The Clyde Times and present postmaster at Clyde. W. C. Burgess and Frank D. Burgess, for many years active in the local newspaper field and proprietors of the Netcark Gazette, one of the leading Republican papers of the county. James N. Pitkin, a prominent business man of Newai'k and present postmaster, having succeeded Richard P. Groat.

George Emery, the hero of many hard-fought political battles; known as the little Philip Sheridan of local politics who has often snatched victory from apparent defeat.

253 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Orin H. Sherman, son of Hon. Jefferson Sherman, who is the present efficient sheriff of the county. Perry H. Prindle, of Huron, the farmer orator and skillful poHtician. Edward C. Delano, of Sodus Centre, who served two terms as school commissioner and won eminence in that position by being elected president of the State Associa- tion. He was also connected with the educational department at Albany for many years in a position of responsibility and trust, which he filled with great credit. Among the Democratic leaders of Wayne county who were prominent in the councils of the Democratic party in the early days were Van Rensselaer Richmond, who was State engineer 1857 to 1869. Mr. Richmond was the Democratic leader of the county and a potent factor in the politics of the State. Cullen Foster, who was sheriff of the county in 1828, county clerk in 1833-36. Coming down to a later time. Judge Charles McLouth, of Palmyra, county judge in 1870, has been a strong factor for many years in State and National conventions. He is a learned judge, a fine lawyer, a brilliant speaker and a Democrat of the old school, having been one of the enthusiastic followers of David B. Hill. Associated with him in Palmyra as one of the principal Democratic leaders is Edwin B. Anderson, a fine gentleman and prominent business man, who has always taken an active interest in Democratic politics, but has never been a candidate for office.

254 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

" Lewis H. Clark, author of The Military History of Wayne County," an accurate and valuable work containing much carefully-prepared, important local history. Mr. Clark was an able and fluent speaker and was always in demand during political campaigns. Although he came from the strong Republican town of Sodus, he was repeatedly elected to represent his town on the board of supervisors, where by reason of his ability as a speaker and debater, he exerted considerable influence. Edwin K. Burnham, who has been member of

Assembly and State superintendent of public buildings. Elliot B. Norris, who has served one term in the State Assembly and who is a prominent Granger and was master of the State Grange for several years. The veteran leader of the Democratic party, however, who won many a hard-fought battle in the days of the factional fight between the followers of Grover Cleveland and David B. Hill, is Daniel V. Teller, of Lyons. Mr. Teller was the Cleveland leader in Wayne county and succeeded in beating the Hill followers. He was appointed superintendent of canals and afterward, when Grover Cleveland became President the second time, he appointed him postmaster at Lyons. Since his retirement from active participation in politics, Charles H. Ford, of Clyde, has been the real leader of the Democracy, except for a brief interval when Charles P. Williams, of Lyons, wrested the control of the Democratic party of Wayne from Mr. Ford in the Hearst campaign and succeeded in having himself made State committeeman and first deputy

255 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

attorney general, a position which he filled with great credit. Mr. Ford, however, regained control of the county and surplanted Mr. Williams as State committeeman. Mr. Ford was defeated for State committeeman at

the Democratic State convention at Rochester in 1910, but he still retains control of the Democratic organization of the county. Mr. Ford has been supervisor of the town of Galen, superintendent of canals, sheriff of the county, chairman of the Democratic county committee and State committeeman.

Charles P. Williams, the Democratic anti-organization leader in Wayne county, is a clever politician and a bright lawyer. He served as chairman of the Democratic county committee several years, but he broke with his old friend, Charles H. Ford, in the Hearst campaign, and the factional fight has continued ever since. Mr. W^il- liams, as the anti-organization leader, is assisted by his uncle, Calvin Hotchkiss, political sage and public sentiment manufacturer, and William Holloway, a prominent business man, president of the Lyons Business Men's Association and the orator of the Wayne county Democracy. CouNTT Officers COIJNTY JUDGES AND SUBROGATES T. W. Collins 1880 G. W. Cowles 1886 L. M. Norton 1892 S. N. Sawj'er 1898 Clyde W. Knapp 1907

256 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

COUNTY CLERKS John McGonigal 1882 Byron Thomas 1885 Edward B. Wells 1888 Fred A. Peacock 1891 L. S. Cuyler 1894 D. C. Wheeler 1909

COUNTY TREASUHEES A. F. Sheldon 1883 V. H. Sweeting 1889 R. T. Ellison 1896 J. D. Bashford 1900

SHERIFFS V. R. Howell 1883 Rossman J. Parshall 1886 Charles E. Reed 1889 Geo. W. Knowles 1890 Walter Thornton 1892 C. H. Ford 1894 Geo. M. Sweezey 1895 D. C. Wheeler 1898 Geo. R. Miles 1901 Albert Yeomans 1904 Jeremiah Collins 1907 Orrin Sherman 1910

DISTRICT ATTORNEYS J. W. Hoag 1882 Charles S. Ray 1886 S. Nelson Sawyer 1889 E. H. Kellogg 1895 Charles T. Ennis 1901 Joseph Gilbert 1907

257

CHAPTER XXIV

Westchester County

By Alvah p. French

Editor Westchester County Magazine

COUNTY, prior to the advent WESTCHESTERof the white man, was inhabited by members of the Algonquin Lenape family. The government was tribal, the dominant ruler a sachem and the territory comprising this county was divided among six chiefs. These tribes were intelligent cultivators of the soil and the crude government maintained by them was attended by thrift and plenty. With the beginning of English rule, however, and the erection of counties in 1683, Westchester became one of the important original divisions of the Commonwealth and has since maintained its prestige in the councils of the State. The English having succeeded the Dutch, divided the territory into six manors —^ Pelham, 1667; Fordham, 1671; Phillips- borough, 1693; Cortlandt, 1697; Morrisiania, 1697; Scarsdale, 1701. The patents were Bedford, John Walker and others; the White Plains, Rye, Harrison, Budd, East- chester and Middle Patent. The men who settled here and became active represented the best blood of the old world mingled with the hardy pioneers of the new. Here the Dutch, the Puritan, the Huguenot and the Quaker

259 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES evolved those characteristics which mark our people to this day — strength and self-reliance. Under the township act of 1788 the manors and patents of Westchester county were divided into townships — Bedford, Cortlandt, Eastchester, Greenburgh, Harri- son, Lewisboro, Mamaroneck, Mount Pleasant, Mount Vernon, New Castle, New Rochelle, North Castle, North

Salem, Ossining, Pelham, Poundridge, Rye, Scarsdale, Yorktown. There were Somers, White Plains, Yonkers, — subsequently three additional towns King's Bridge, Morrisiania and West Farms — but in 1872 these were annexed to New York city. The tendency of the great metropolis has ever been northward, and in 1895 the town of Westchester and parts of Eastchester and Pelham were annexed to Bronx borough and thus absorbed into one of the five divisions of Greater New York, and destiny would seem to indicate that the county itself must in the course of time become a part of New York city, possibly a borough in and by itself, at the same time retaining for its corporate designation the historic name of Westchester borough. The historic narrative compels a look backward: Actual government began in Westchester county with the establishment of the Courts. These were first held in the town of Westchester about 1730 and continued there until 1759, and for a time a Court of Sessions was held in Eastchester. By act of December 16, 1758, the justices and supervisors were directed to select a site for a Court-house. This was erected at White Plains. It was used until November 5, 1776, when it was burned

260

OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES by the Continental army to prevent its becoming a refuge for the British army on its retreat after the battle of White Plains. The Provincial convention held its sessions for a few days in this building in July, 1776, and in front of it, July 9, the Declaration of Independence was first read. Here the commonwealth of New York was born, the official designation of State never having before been used. Every inch of Westchester county is historic, its soil having been traversed by contending armies, and yet but two sanguinary contests were fought within its territory — the skirmish along Pelham Heights, October 18, 1776, and the battle of White Plains, October 28, 1776 — and for five years thereafter the territory was debatable ground. " Within its area was the Neutral Ground," famous in song and story. It was the refuge of the non-combatant. In the summer of 1781 the x\merican army with the French allies, under Count de Rochambeau, was again at White Plains planning for the southern campaign which com- passed the defeat of Cornwallis and crowned American arms with victory, sealing our national independence. The most critical incident of the Revolutionary War in this county was no doubt the capture of the spy. Major John Andre, of the British Army, and the exposure of the plot of Benedict Arnold to surrender West Point to the enemies of his country. Andre was intercepted at Tarry- town September 23, 1780, by John Paulding, David Williams and Isaac Van Wart. A monument commem- orating the event now marks the spot. Congress awarded medals to the captors and bestowed on each annuities for

2G1 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES life, cash or the equivalent in confiscated lands within the county. The county lying directly north of New York city has ever been the home of men and women prominent in public life, art, literature, law, medicine, finance and the professions. A choice company of fine minds have made a permanent impress upon our home institutions, reaching from the earliest period to the present hour. The county is rich in its traditions and the heritage of so secure a past is due to their activities, capabilities and personal worth. Historians: Adrian Van Der Donck, John Jay, Robert Bolton, Henry B. Dawson, Gouverneur Morris, James Parton, Washington Irving, Isaac Wilkins, Charles W. Baird, J. Fenimore Cooper, Charles Allison, David Cole, James Wood, Franklin Couch, T. Astley Atkins, Joseph Barrett.

Biographers : William Jay, Washington Irving, James A. Hamilton, John A. Todd, George Pellew. Poets: Edgar Allen Poe, Joseph Rodman Drake, John Savage, Frank Dempster Sherman. Composers: George F. Bristow, Francis Nash. Artists: Francis W. Edmond, Albert Bierstadt, Gus- tave M. Arnold, Edward Gay, Will H. Low. Politicians: Gouverneur Morris, Isaac Wilkins, " Joseph Southworth, known as John Smith, of Arkansas," Henry C. Nelson, Charles P. McClelland, William L. Ward, Edwin W. Fiske, William H. Robertson, James W. Husted, Leslie Sutherland, John Brown, Francis M. Carpenter.

262 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Ministry: Samuel Seabury, D.D., first bisiiop diocese of Connecticut, William Heathcote de Lancey, D.D., first bishop diocese of Western New York, David Cole, D.D., John A. Todd, D.D., Samuel William Coffey, D.D., William Creighton, D.D., Charles F. Canedy, D.D., James S. Spencer, D.D., Frederick B. Van Kleeck, D.D., Lea Luquer, D.D. Bar: John Jay, Peter J. Monroe, Aaron Burr, Aaron Ward, Alexander Hamilton, Josiah Mitchell, J. Warren Tompkins, Lewis C. Piatt, 1st, William H. Robertson, Isaiah T. Williams, Samuel J. Tilden, Odle Close, Isaac N. Mills, Martin J. Keogh, John M. Digney, James W. Husted, Calvin Frost, Jackson O. Dykman, John S. Bates, Chauncey M. Depew, Henry R. Barrett, Alanson J. Prime, Joseph S. Wood, Francis Larkin, William Popham Piatt, Maurice Dillon, John F. Brennan, Charles Haines, Frank V. Millard, Theodore H. Silkman, Wilson Brown,

Jr., John J. Crennan, David H. Hunt. Financiers: Dorian F. Clapp, EUwood Burdsall, Adrian Iselin, William H. Albro, A. B. Thatcher, Cornelius

A. Pugsley, Clarence S. McClellan, John Hoag, David Cromwell, Howard Foster, Robert A. Patteson, Francis M. Carpenter.

Publishers : Milton F. Cushing, Robert H. Crombie, John W. Oliver, M. F. Rowe, Ezra J. Horton, Edmund G. Sutherland, 1st, M. D. Delevan, Nelson G. Foshay, Horace Greeley, James Gordon Bennett, Wliitelaw Reid. The points of interest in Westchester county are many and all of them easily accessible. The home of OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

John Jay, the first chief justice of the United States, at Katonah, and where he died May 17, 1829, attracts many strangers. Sunnyside, the home of Washington Irving, " " where he wrote the Life of Washington," The Alham- " bra and many choice contributions of hterature, remains the same as when he died there on the 28th of November,

1859, and in the cemetery at Sleepy Hollow he sleeps among his kin. Thousands of his countrymen annually visit his shrine and scores of admirers from foreign countries pay their tribute of respect. The wonder to them is that he rests in so humble a place and beneath so unpretentious a stone. At New Rochelle the Huguenot Society has established its permanent headquarters in the home owned and occupied by Thomas Paine, and given to him by the government of the United States, upon the recommendation of President Washington, for services rendered the infant Republic during the Revolutionary War. In the building the books, furniture and personal effects of Paine are to be found, also the household articles, records, papers, data and a miscellaneous collection of widely different souvenirs, which illustrate the status of the refugees from La Rochelle in France who settled in this county at New Rochelle soon after the edict of Nantes. In one of the rooms is concentrated the famous Darius Seacord collection of Indian implements found within the county and the most complete group ever assembled in this section of the State.

In all parts of the county public bodies are steadily marking with suitable and permanent memorials historic

264 ;r. I

OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

sites, thereby emphasizing the important associations in connection with the heroic epoch of our nation and the part assumed by our loyal and patriotic sons. The last thirty years have been the most wonderful in point of material development and progress in the history of the county. Railway building has been extensive, followed by unusual growth in population and real estate values. Trolley lines traverse the southern half of the county east and west, north and south, intersecting a region unsurpassed for suburban residence, combining the

conveniences of the city with the freedom and healthful-

ness of the country. There is frequent trolley service into New York city by way of Bronx borough and the four main trunk lines of the New York, New Haven & Hartford, New York Central, Harlem division, the New York Central, Hudson division, and the New York, Westchester

& Boston Railway, all electrically propelled, give an almost perfect system of transportation, modern in equip- ment and directed with a growing spirit of reciprocity and enterprise which is indicative of advantages not enjoyed by other sections, and which, in all probability, will be greatly augmented as the population increases and

New York city makes steady aggressions northward, for be it known the estimated population of Greater New York in 1950 will be approximately 19,000,000, and its present tendency is in the direction of Westchester county. Recent years have witnessed many political changes in Westchester county and scores of men have become prominent in the public affairs of the time. Since the

265 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

State administration of Grover Cleveland to the advent of John A. Dix the various county offices have been held by uniformly capable men. Congressmen: Waldo Hutchins, William G. Stahl- necker, William Ryan, Ben. L. Fairchild, William L. Ward, Norton P. Otis, Cornelius A. Pugsley, John E. Andrus. Senators: Henry C. Nelson, William H. Robertson, Charles P. McClelland, George W. Robertson, James Irving Burns, Isaac N. Mills, Francis M. Carpenter, J. Mayhew Wainwright. Today Westchester has a population of 300,000. Its three cities alone have a combined population of 139,589, distributed as follows: Yonkers 79,803, Mount Vernon 30,919, New Rochelle 28,867. The growth in the future must be even more pronounced than in the past. Already within its area of 575 square miles there are 317 miles of State boulevards with 203 miles under consideration for improvement. The fact is, the county is one vast park system of highways, an asset in themselves of many millions due to increased realty values. These statistics, important in themselves, are supplemented by these additional facts : The assessed valuation of the county is fixed assets in banks and trust at $283,867,576 ; companies, $41,292,039.00; public and private improvements represent an expenditure of $410,000,000, while the manufacturing industries aggregate $200,000,000, and all this supplemented by a water frontage of 54 miles, a large undisturbed percentage open to dock possibilities, leaving

266

OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

districts devoted to many public park privileges forever secured to the people. Without the drawing upon imagination or indulging in the facts submitted in day dreams, this necessarily brief of the history past and summary of present condi- the one tions, conclusion to be pressed home to any reader is the thoughtful fact that Westchester county, reason its great by of environment and superior location, must go forward, ever forward, to a bigger, better and grander future compared with which its past is but an indication and an augury. Westchester county for many years was in the absolute control of the Democratic party. During the last of a it quarter century has had the leadership of several men in prominent— the councils of the organization in the State Daniel C. Hickey, Michael J. Dillon, Henry C. Nelson, Andrew C. Fields, Charles P. McClelland, I. J. Beaudrias and Michael J. Walsh. For twenty-five years the leadership of the Republican party in this county was conceded to the Hon. William H.

Robertson, and when he finally surrendered his stewardship, as a result of advancing years, his mantle first fell Frank V. upon Millard as chairman of the Republican county committee. Mr. Millard was succeeded by William L. Ward and for nearly fifteen years he has been the master of undisputed his party in this county. Among his advisers and able lieutenants are John J. Brown, Henry R. Barrett, Leslie Sutherland, Addison Johnson, Isaac N. Mills, William G. Barrett, Frank M. Buck, Henry C.

267 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Clark, John Sells and many others. Today every prominent county office is held by a Republican, with the exception of that of county judge. of of Within the space a quarter a century many political changes have taken place. The erection of the cities of Mount Vernon and New Rochelle added to the repre- sentation in the board of supervisors, each ward having a member in the county legislature, and this law applies to

Yonkers, the first city to be organized within Westchester county. These cities represent millions of assessed valuation, and naturally exercise, through their officials, considerable influence upon the policy of the board.

County Officers county judges (R) Silas D. Gifford 1872 (R) Isaac N. Mills 1884 (R) Smith Lent 1896 (D) William Popham Piatt 1902 SURROGATES (D) Owen T. Coffin 1871 (R) Theodore H. Silkman 1895 (R) Frank V. Millard 1907 REGISTERS (D) Joseph O. Miller 1881 (R) John I. Storms 1890 (D) William J. Graney 1893 (R) Thomas R. Hodge 1896 (R) William G. Barrett 1902 (R) Edward B. Kear 1908 DISTRICT ATTORNEYS (D) Nelson H. Baker 1878 (D) William P. Piatt 1890

S68 ASTCn, LENOX AND TILDEN FOUKDATtO;.'- G^c^t^c^ OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

(R) George C. Andrews 1896 (R) Addison J. Young 1902 (R) Francis M. Winslow 1908

COUNTY CLERKS (D) James F. D. Crane 1883 (D) John M. Digney 1886 (R) Leverett F. Crumb 1896 (R) Leslie Sutherland 1902 (R) Frank M. Buck 1908

SHERIFFS (D) Stephen D. Horton 1883 (D) John Duffy 1886 (D) Frank G. Schirmer 1889 (D) John Duffy 1892 (D) Addison Johnson 1895 (R) William V. Molloy 1898 ' (R) Samuel C. Miller 1901 (R) James S. Merritt 1904 (R) Charles M. Lane 1907 (R) Henry Scherp 1909

COUNTY TREASURERS (R) David Cromwell 1879 (D) John Hoag 1891 (R) Francis M. Carpenter 1897 (R) Joseph B. See 1903 (R) George T. Burling 1909

2C9 I

i CHAPTER XXV

Wyoming County By John L. Woodworth

sixteen towns, the county is sub- COMPRISINGstantially square, with tiers of four towns each, east and west, north and south, the principal part of which was formed from Genesee county in the year 1841, and the towns of Eagle, Pike, and Genesee Falls were annexed from Alleghany county in 1846. It comprises an area of 590 square miles. The principal part of the territory is a portion of the Holland Land Company; the eastern line of the towns of Middlebury, Warsaw, Gainesville and Pike being the transit line, which is the eastern boundary of the Holland Land Company, as established by survey of Joseph Ellicott, surveyor, at an early date. The eastern tier of towns, Covington, Perry, Castile and Genesee Falls, not a part of the Holland Land Company, was a portion of the Ogden and other tracts of land of the early history of the State. Farming and agriculture is the principal pursuit of a large portion of the inhabitants of the county, the soil being either of a gravel mixture or clay loam. There are no large rivers or bodies of water within the territory and the only river bordering upon the county is the Genesee, which bounds it on the southeast. Within the territory

271 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

of the county is Silver Lake, in the eastern part, and Java Lake, situated in the town of Java in the south and west part of the county. The territory comprising this county is situate between the counties of Erie and Livingston on the westerly and easterly sides thereof, and by the county of Genesee on the north and Allegany and Cattaraugus on the south.

The altitude of the different portions of the county ranges from 1,000 to 1,800 feet above tide water, and owing to the high altitude of the county the source of many streams are within its limits, namely, Tonawanda creek, rising in the town of Wethersfield and flowing through the towns of Orangeville, Sheldon and Attica to the north; Cattaraugus creek has its source at the outlet of Java lake, in the town of Java, and flows southwest through the towns of Java Arcade its and ; Wiscoy creek, having source in the town of Wethersfield, flowing through the towns of Wethersfield, Eagle and Pike, in a southerly direction; East Koy ci'eek rises in the easterly part of Wethersfield and flows through the towns of Wethersfield, Gainesville and Pike; Oatka creek has its source in the towns of Gainesville and Orangeville and flows north through the towns of Warsaw, Middlebury and Covington;

Wolf creek, rising in the town of Gainesville, flows southeast through the said towns of Gainesville and Castile, and the stream which is the outlet of Silver lake flows through the town and village of Perry; Buft'alo creek, formed by plateau, and Browns creek, in the western part of Java, flows north near Java village and Strykersville,

272 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES thence northwest through Erie county. These streams flow either in a northerly or southerly direction, and run through valleys, upon either side of which are large hills some several hundred feet above the bed of the streams, making quite a poiiion of the surface and territory of the county rolling and somewhat hilly. About one-half of the county, or the easterly portion, is adapted to the raising of grains and fruits, as well as dairying products to some extent, while the westerly part is more generally adapted to grazing and dairying interests. Several towns of the southerly portion of the county are adapted and yield a large acreage of a fine quality of potatoes, ranging from ten to forty acres of potatoes each year, and of a very good quality. The principal villages located

within the county are : Warsaw, the county seat of the county of Wyoming since its formation, which is occupied quite largely by a residential class of people, with some manufactories — knit goods, elevator works, steel structure and a button factory. The village of Perry is largely of a residential population, having a number of retired farmers, and it also has an extensive knitting company, with about 1,200 em- also Robeson which ployees ; Cutlery Works, gives employment to two or three hundred people. The village of Attica, in the northwestern part of the county, is largely a residential population, with some small

manufactories, and this village is somewhat of a railroad center.

273 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Arcade, in the southwestern corner of the county, is in the territory of a large dairying section, with a residential population and a large milk condensery and some smaller manufactories.

The village of Castile, in the eastern part of the county, is largely of a residential population and has a sanitarium for treatment of ladies. This sanitarium was opened in the spring of 1865 by Dr. Cordelia A. Green, and has ever since been a popular and reputable institution, its reputation extending over a greater part of the United States. The village of Pike, in the southerly part of the county, is an inland town of residential population and some small manufactories.

There are several smaller villages and hamlets located in the various towns of the county. The inhabitants of the district are descendants, largely, of the early settlers who came into the county in the fore part of the nineteenth century from the States of Maine, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut and New Hampshire and from the counties in the eastern part of New York State. In the towns of Java, Arcade and

Genesee Falls quite a large proportion of the inhabitants are of Irish descent, while the inhabitants of the towns of Attica, Bennington, Sheldon and Orangeville are of German descent. At the time of the formation of Wyoming county, in 1841, the leading political parties of the State and Nation were Democratic and Whig. The Democratic party has continued its organization to the present time. The Whig

274 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

body, wliich was the stronger political party of the two, continued its strength and organization until 1856, when the larger proportion of the voters of this party became members of the Republican party and supported John C. Freemont for President in the campaign of 1856. In 1860, and after some years of agitation on the slavery question, a majority of the voters strongly supported Abraham Lincoln as its candidate for President, and the Democratic party of the county divided its vote between Stephen A. Douglas, the Democratic candidate of the northern States, and John C. Breckenridge, the candidate for that portion of the Democratic party representing largely the voters of the southern States. Since the first election of Abraham Lincoln, in 1860, a substantial

majority of the voters of the county have steadfastly supported the candidates and principles of the Republican party in the State and Nation. At present a fair estimate of the proportion of the voting population of the county is three out of five of the Republican faith, and about two out of five support the Democratic candidates and prin- 1884 ciples. Since about the Prohibition party has cast from 200 to 400 votes at each annual election. There " " of in has been no party isms the county of political faith since its erection.

About the year 1882 salt was found by drilling near the village of Wyoming, in the town of INIiddlebury, and

shortly thereafter several wells were drilled in the vicinity of the village of Warsaw and large salt manufactories were constructed and operated from the year 1883 and

275 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROJI CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

1884 until about the year 1901, when the same were transferred to the International Salt Company (a trust, so- called), when the works ceased to be operated and were abandoned. About the year 1884 Mr. Joseph M. Duncan commenced drilling for salt at Silver Springs, in the town of Gainesville, and built and constructed a large salt manu- factory which has been continuously operated since that time, and which is one of the largest and most successful salt manufactories in the State. There is also a salt block at Rock Glen in the town of Gainesville. The Crystal Salt Company, about three miles north of the village of Warsaw, has been in operation during a portion of the period since about 1884. The Wyoming County Agricultural Society was formed in October, 1843, with the following officers: James E. Ferris, president; Dr. Augustus Frank, vice- president; Linus W. Thayer, secretary, and John A. McElwain, treasurer. The first fair was held at Warsaw, September 30, and October 1, 1844. The Silver Lake Agricultural Association was organized about 25 years since and its grounds are located in the western part of the village of Perry, N. Y., near Silver Lake. The Wyoming Historical Pioneer Association, the first gathering of which was held in the year 1872, was organized under the laws of the State of New York in 1877, and each year since, on the first Thursday of August, a pioneer picnic is held by the inhabitants of Wyoming

276 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO TTTGUKS and adjoining counties at the grounds owned by the association on the eastern shore of Silver Lake.

In the year 1797 Robert Morris, in a treaty with the Seneca Nation, reserved for Mary Jemison, known as the " White Woman," a large tract of land on both sides of the Genesee river, being a part of the Gardeau tract. Mary Jemison and her descendants continued to reside upon this tract until 1831 when she sold her interest in " " said tract. The White Woman was of Irish descent and was born in 1743 during a voyage across the ocean. Her family settled down upon the western frontier of Pennsylvania, where they remained until the breaking out of the French war in 1754. In the summer of 1755 their house was surrounded by Indians and Frenchmen, who plundered and took all that was valuable, and they took away the family as captives. They were all taken to the forest and murdered except Mary and a small boy, who were carried to Fort Du Quesne, and the girl was soon after adopted by two Indian sisters and taken to an Indian settlement in Ohio to take the place of a brother who had been slain in battle. She was given the name of De-he- " wa-miss, meaning A beautiful girl." She gradually became quite reconciled to her condition, and after arriving at a suitable age she married an Indian by the name of Shenenjee. In 1759 she changed her residence, traveling on foot to the Genesee and settling at Little Beards town. Her husband died soon after and she married again, two or three years after, an Indian by the name of Hiakatoo, and after the close of the Revolution she received a grant

277 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

" of the Gardeau Reservation," which was about six miles in length and five miles in width. She adopted the customs and habits of the Indians, but retained her knowledge of the English language and remembered the early instructions of her mother. Towards the close of her life she embraced the Christian religion and died September 19, 1833, at the age of 90 years. The tract of land, or some part thereof, owned by Mary Jemison, situated on the banks of the Genesee river, near Portageville, had been purchased by William Pryor Letchworth, and upon this land Mr. Letchworth maintained and kept for many years a park called " Glen Iris," and situate therein was a log cabin known " " as The Indian Council House and other relics of Mary Jemison and different tribes of Indians who at an early date had a reservation in that locality. In the fall of 1909 Mr. Letchworth erected and dedicated with proper and suitable ceremonies a monument to the memory of Mary Jemison, which monument is now in the public grounds and premises transferred and conveyed by Mr. Letchworth to the State of New York by an act of the Legislature accepting the same during the session of 1910. William Pryor Letchworth was a man who gave of his time and means to the unfortunate of the State, for their care and maintenance, and who was president of the State Board of Charities for several years and died at the town of Genesee Falls, N. Y., on the first day of December, 1910, at the age of 87 years, having been born at

278 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Brownsville, Jefferson county. New York, May 26, 1823, and having been a resident of the county of Wyoming for of thirty-five years prior to his death. The provisions Mr. Letchworth's will, which was admitted to probate before the Surrogate's Court of the county of Wyoming on the seventh day of March, 1911, gives ample evidence of the character and public spirit of this benevolent man. His will provides several small legacies to his relatives and servants and specific legacies to twelve charitable institutions, the larger number of which are located in the city of Buffalo, N. Y., and after disposing of about $26,000 of his estate, the residue he bequeaths to the Scenic and Historic Preservation Society, with an expression and desire therein that all objects of historical interest upon the Council House grounds and all household furniture, pictures, books and objects of interest, as well as live stock, farming implements and other property be used, so far as practical, to preserve, care for and develop and " make more attractive Letchworth Park," which Mr.

Letchworth had previously conveyed to and which had been accepted by the State of New York, as hereinbefore stated. It is estimated from reliable authority that the residuary estate bequeathed by Mr. Letchworth in his last will is near the sum of $100,000.

Other leading public men who have resided within the county, and many of whom have long since passed to that undiscovered country, are: Augustus Frank, of War- saw, a leading public citizen of his town and county and a member of Congress for two terms during the period of the

279 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Civil War; a man of high ideals and patriotic purposes and who stood for and represented the best sentiments of good citizenship of his locality; also a member at large of the Constitutional convention of the State held in 1894. George G. Hoskins, of Attica, member of Assembly and speaker of that house for the year 1865; three terms member of Congress from his district and elected in 1879 Lieutenant Governor of the State. An aggressive and capable public officer and a skilled parliamentarian, who made the most of his opportunities in life. Wolcott J Humphrey, of Warsaw, member of Assem- bly from the county; two terms State senator from his district. A leader among men, whose word was as good as his bond, and for many years chairman of the Repub- lican county committee; a man who believed in a thorough organization of his party and in the carrying out of its principles. Coming from the ordinary walks of life, as a business man and as a plain citizen he was a typical representative of the common people, and an example of what a man may accomplish by fair treatment of his neighbors and in the honest conduct of his private affairs as well as keeping his pledge of honor as a leader among men and public officials. Linus W. Thayer, lawyer and one of the early practitioners of the county; a learned man in the principles of law and applying those principles to the facts in a given case; of rugged honesty and a representative of the old school of men, and whose reputation as a lawyer before the Appellate Courts of the State was recognized as a

280 OFFICIAL NKW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES profound counselor and wlio was thoroughly devoted in all its branches to the highest ideals of the practice of his profession. Andrew J. Lorish, of Attica, was a soldier, lawyer and jurist. He was postmaster at Attica for several years, where he also practiced his profession. He was elected county judge in 1889 and continued as an incumbent in that office until his demise in 1897. A man of rugged honesty, of undaunted courage; a Christian man and soldier, whose first thought was of what service he could render to his country, his party, his friends and neighbors, and a man who had the courage of his convictions. He was a student of the aftairs of men, a safe counselor and a true friend. He died universally respected, and his death was generally regretted by all who knew him. Byron Healy, of Warsaw, county judge and surrogate from 1868 to 1890; member of Assembly for two terms in the early part of the '60's; also district attorney for one term prior to his election as county judge. A learned lawyer, a wise counselor and an able jurist; a man whose memory of cases was an encyclopedia and digest of law, both as to the question at issue and the volume and page where treated; possessing a wonderful memory of cases tried and the determination of the Court in a final disposition of the question under consideration. Judge Healy died at the ripe old age of 80 years on the 19th day of February, 1911, having for some years prior to his death been in impaired health and unable to practice his profession.

281 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

James H. Loomis, of Attica, was State senator for two terms in the '80's for a member of early ; many years the banking firm of J. H. Loomis & Son, and he was honored and respected by his neighbors and constituents for a long period. A man who stood for the equahty of humanity, the welfare of the State and Nation, the preservation of the Union, and a citizen whose position on public questions was on the side of right. Mr. Loomis is a man of the age of about 86 years and, unfortunately, at this time is embax'rassed by financial conditions which cloud his old age and render the closing days of his life with a burden of indebtedness which he, owing to his advanced age, is unable to take charge of and control. On the morning of December 7, 1905, at the village of Hermitage, in the town of Wethersfield, the inhabitants were startled and amazed by the report of the burning of the dwelling and person of James L. Blodgett, a prominent and useful citizen, who was born and resided during his lifetime within the county of Wyoming, except when he was a student in the public schools and three years while attending Yale College, from which he graduated in 1850, standing high in his class. Mr. Blodgett was born Sep- tember 26, 1822, and was a civil engineer and surveyor and had a practical knowledge of matters in general, as well as being a student in law, medicine, history and all of interest he was a student of finance and subjects ; gave that subject much careful thought and consideration. We mention among the names of prominent men and citizens of the several towns of the county as follows :

282 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEV'ELAXD TO HUGHES

Orange L. Tozier, of the town of Sheldon, now deceased, an extensive farmer, and two terms member of

Assembly from the county. Gad C. Parker, also of Sheldon, now deceased, a soldier of the Civil War in the 136th N. Y. Volunteers.

William Bristol, of Warsaw, died in August, 1909, at the advanced age of 87 years; member of Assembly from the county for two terms during war time; was a son of William Bristol, of Gainesville, who was one of the first

settlers of that town. William Bristol, Sr., with his brothers, Richard and Charles, came from Columbia county, New York. L. Hayden Humphrey, of Warsaw, was State senator at the time of his decease in 1902; was chairman of the

Republican county committee for several years and president of the Wyoming County National Bank. John B. Smalhvood, of Warsaw, a farmer and a man of sound judgment; a scholar and well informed in the affairs of the day. I. Sam Johnson, deceased, lawyer, of Warsaw, was district attorney for three terms and member of Assembly from the county for two terms and also represented the county as its member in the Constitutional convention of the State in 1894. Major Jacob W. Knapp deceased, of Warsaw, was for of the also of many years postmaster village ; justice the of the town for a a soldier peace long period ; brave and the officer of his competent regiment ; universally admired the by men under his command and respected

283 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES generally by all as a citizen in the community where he lived.

Milo H. Olin, of Perry, was member of Assembly in 1891 and 1892; president of the Citizens' Bank of Perry and also president of the Perry Knitting Company at the time of his death.

E. A. Matthews, deceased, of Perry, was the first of the Silver Railroad he superintendent Lake ; represented his town several times on the board of supervisors of the county. A man of sterling character and absolute fairness.

Henry N. Page, deceased, of Perry, was member of of the in the 1882 1883 Assembly county years and ; president of the First National Bank of Perry. Thomas H. Bussey, of Perry, is the present incumbent of the 44th Senatorial district of the State. A smooth

politician and recognized by the common people of his village as a fair representative of their interests. Henry A. Pierce, of Castile, is a banker and the present member of Assembly of the county; a successful business man and of quite large means. Mortimer N. Cole, of Castile, postmaster of that village; member of Assembly during the years 1895 and 1896; for many years a member of the Republican county committee of his town.

Silas L. Strivings, a farmer of Castile and actively interested in the Grange of the county and State; formerly resided at Gainesville and was for two terms school com-

missioner of the second district of the county.

284 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Honorable Greenleaf S. VanGorder, of Pike, is a lawyer by profession; member of Assembly from the county in the years 1887 and 1888; two terms State senator from his

district; also interested quite extensively in farming and stock raising; an aggressive and insistent worker in the

interests of his political party.

George M. Palmer, deceased, was a physician and for his many years practiced profession in the village of Pike and the last of his during years life at the village of War- saw; member of Assembly in the years 1880 and 1883. A successful and painstaking doctor and a clean, substantial citizen.

James E. Brainerd, of Gainesville, a farmer and in the successful of pioneer raising extensive potato crops; president of the Bank of Gainesville and member of Assem- in the bly year 1910; renominated for the same position by the political party of which he was a member, and died at his home in Gainesville suddenly about a week prior to the election day of 1910. A clean, independent man, a and his death is good citizen, universally regretted. M. Joseph Duncan, of Silver Springs, in the town of Gainesville; president of the Worcester Salt Works from its formation until his decease. A man of good character, business ability and a good citizen. of Stephen BHss, deceased, the village of Bliss and town of was a man who Eagle, was always willing to lend a hand to his of helping neighbors ; strong honesty and unselfish motives.

285 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Beckley Howes, deceased, of the town of Eagle, was a farmer and one of the pioneers of the town and locaHty. A man whose judgment and advice was sought by his friends and successful neighbors ; was and careful and gave much earnest work and efforts in establishing the line of the Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburg Raili'oad through his town; ever alert for any success or interest to the advantage of his town, either as its representative on the board of supervisors of the county or otherwise. Samuel Smith, of Java, a man of about 90 years of age and one of the early pioneers of the town; many years its representative on the board of supervisors. A thorough and loyal man to his party, but independent and fair both as to his sentiments and official acts.

James W. Ives, of Java, for upwards of 25 years was one of the superintendents of the poor of the county; an efficient officer and a reputable citizen and recognized as being conversant and posted upon all questions pertaining to the poor laws. Reuben J. Tilton, of x^rcade, a soldier of the Civil for two terms was member of for the War ; Assembly county; a capable man in business and a good citizen generally. Andrew J. of Arcade one of the Knight, lawyer, ; oldest practitioners in the county; he has given his time and attention to the practice of his profession. A man of high ideals and fair dealing. John N. Davidson, of Genesee Falls, a substantial farmer and a good citizen; member of Assembly for two terms in the early '70's.

386 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLKVELAXD TO HUGHES

Robert Rae, a physician of Portageville, Genesee Falls, was assistant surgeon during the Civil War in the 1st N. Y. Dragoons. A successful practitioner and business man; loyal to his party and his friends. A man of the old school who believed in the principle of politics, " To the victor belongs the spoils." In the town of Middlebury the pioneer families were the Millers, Ewells and Smiths. Edwin S. Smith, of Dale, town of Middlebury, is a farmer and carpenter by trade; represented his town on the board of supervisors of the county for several terms; was also school commissioner of the first district of the county for two terms. A good citizen and a fair-minded man.

O. R. Howes, of Wyoming, town of INIiddlebury, farmer; for a number of years represented his town on the board of supervisors and for many years justice of the peace of the town. A clean, independent and substantial citizen.

Ormus Doolittle, deceased, of the town of Wethers- field, one of the early pioneers of the town; a large and extensive property owner and farmer at Wethersfield Springs. A clean, upright citizen and a good neighbor. James R. Doolittle, of the same family, a lawyer who at one time engaged in the practice of his profession at the village of Warsaw; later was United States senator from the State of Wisconsin.

Theodore J. Hubbard, deceased, of Wethersfield, was engaged extensively in the manufacture of cheese in

2S7 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

his town and locality; supervisor for several terms from his town. A generous man with his friends and neighbors and absolutely honest and lenient with his debtors. Truman Lewis, deceased, one of the pioneer settlers of the town of Orangeville; county treasurer in an early of the Holland Land of day ; agent Company. A man character and industry. Chauncey Wolcott, deceased, of the town of Orange- ville, represented his town on the board of supervisors for several terms; was a conscientious and upright man and generous and hospitable to all. John B. Folsom, deceased, of the town of Bennington, was one of the early settlers and pioneers of the town; a substantial citizen and of broad and generous impulses. Grandfather to Mrs. Frances Folsom Cleveland, widow of ex-President Cleveland.

Dr. E. W. Holt, deceased, practicing physician of Bennington Center; for many years represented his town on the board of supervisors of the county; a leading man in his profession and a substantial man of affairs. Edwin Sprague, of Covington, deceased, represented his town on the board of supervisors; a successful farmer and an independent and upright citizen. William H. Clark, of Covington, a successful farmer; member of Company D, 1st N. Y. Dragoons; member of J. a and Col. W. Knapp's Company ; clean, upright man a good neighbor. The newspapers published in the county are as follows: The Western New Yorker and Wyoming County OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Times, published at Warsaw; The Perry Herald and News and the Perry Record, at Perry; The Attica News, at Attica; The Wyoming County Herald, at Arcade; The Castilian, at Castile; The Wyoining County Gazette, at Pike; The Silver Springs Signal, at Silver Springs; The Gainesville Press, at Gainesville; The Wyoming Reporter, at Wyoming. The larger number of these newspapers and are Republican in politics, a portion are independent The Wyoming County Times is the only newspaper which claims to espouse the cause of Democracy and to share the patronage of that party, by designation of the supervisors of the county or otherwise. The pioneer editor and publisher of the county of Wyoming and State of New York — Harwood A. Dudley — was born March 5, 1825, in the town of Greenwich,

Washington county, and came to the village of Perry, then Genesee county, in 1831, a portion of the way by canal and then with team of horses, overland. Mr. Dudley became an apprentice in the printing business in 1837 at Perry, and continued to reside in that village until 1841, when he removed with the Western New Yorker to War- saw, and during substantially all of the period since the formation of the county Mr. Dudley had been engaged either as an apprentice, publisher or employer of the newspaper until about the year 1900, when he, being the sole owner of and publisher of the Western New Yorker, sold the same and his interest therein to Robert A. Wood. Mr. Dudley was one of the first men in the county of Wyoming to enlist in Company K, 17th New York

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Regiment. At the age of 85 years Mr. Dudley spent a good share of his time in the printing business of the Western New Yorker and personally set up and prepared articles of interest concerning himself and the village, and now, at the ripe age of 86 years, is a man who takes great interest in the public affairs of the town and village and the issues of the State and Nation.

County Officers

COinSrTY JUDGES AND StTBROGATES (R Byron Healy 1868 to 1889 (r; Andrew J. Lorish 1889 (r: Myron E. Bartlett 1897 (R James E. Norton 1898

DISTRICT ATTORNEYS

(r: I. Sam Johnson 1876 to 1885 (R Eugene Bartlett 1885 (r; George W. Botsford 1888 (r: Elmer E. Charles 1894 (r: John Knight 1903 SHERIFFS (R Albert P. Gage 1881 (R Daniel W. Hough 1884 (R Charles J. Gardner 1887 1890 (r; Edgar A. Day (R Melvin J. Woodworth 1893 (r: James A. McFarline 1896 (r; William Sanford 1899 (R William H. Richardson 1902 (R Romanzo E. French 1905 COUNTY CLERK 1910 (r: Edward M. Jennings 1879 to COUNTY TREASURERS (R Simeon D. Lewis 1874 to 1892 1893 (r: Edward T. Montgomery

290

J CHAPTER XXVI Yates County By Hon. George R. Cornwell

History attempts to record the past for the instruction of future ages. -Tacitus

article, or compilation, more particularly de- THISsigned to trace the political history of the county of Yates, will, however, be better appreciated by a statement of some of the leading facts connected with its early settlement and growth. The county as it now exists was formerly and until the year 1790 a part of the land of the Senecas. It belonged to the Indian paradise of the Genesee country. As it now lies between the great thoroughfares of eastern and western travel of the great State of New York, so it did then between the eastern and western trails of the

Iroquois. We are not aware that any Indian villages of great importance existed within the bounds of our county. Their most important towns were on the great central trail which connected their long house from east to west. Rich and inviting as this region must have been, and bountiful in the products of the chase and the spontaneous fruits of the forest, it does not seem to have been a focal point for tribal gatherings or the seat of authority and power. The Senecas, however, traced their supernatural origin to Bare Hill, in the present town of Middlesex, near

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Canandaigua Lake, and authentic tradition seems to prove that the great Indian chief Red Jacket was born and reared within the bounds of the present county Hmits. It was on the 9th day of September, 1779, that a detachment of rifle men under command of General SulHvan, by order of General Washington, was sent up from Kanedasago, afterwards Geneva, New York, on the west side of Seneca Lake to Kashong Creek, where they destroyed a large Indian village and laid waste the country for miles in extent. The wigwams and all means of sub- sistence of the Indians were completely annihilated. This vengeful incursion, which broke the spirit and destroyed the political fabric of the Iroquois, is the only recorded vestige of war that ever occurred on the soil of Yates county. It was connected with the perishing throes of the great confederacy of Red Men, which had dominated with imperial sway from the St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico. It was preliminary to a new invasion of powerful arts, of cunning industries, of another system of social and political laws, of new religious conceptions. The War of the Revolution closed in 1783. Imme- diately on the consummation of peace, the colonies settled their disputed boundaries and rival claims to the interior wilderness. While these events were in progress, movements for settling the country were awakening in various quarters. Most important to the region now comprising Yates county was that of Jemima Wilkinson, called the " Universal Friend." This remarkable person had for fourteen years preached in Rhode Island, Connecticut,

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and Pennsylvania. She had a numerous body ol' udlier- ents, inchiding fainihes of character and influence, with considerable possessions. In the month of August, 1788, the first settlement was made, consisting of twenty-five males, besides women and children. They first erected their cabins on the old Indian trail, leading from Kashong to Kanedasago, afterwards in Geneva, what is now the town of Torrey. They sowed the first field of wheat in the county, and, it is said, passed the following winter in the depths of the wilderness, with no communication with the outside world and no neighbors save hostile Indians and the denizens of the forest. They were, in truth, the pioneer party of the pioneers. They were the boldest of the bold. While the country was still tremulous with fear of Indian hostili-

ties, ventured this they directly upon choice territory before they could have been aware that the red man's title had been eliminated. They were the first to confront as actual settlers on this beautiful ground both the Indian and the still wilder inhabitants of the forest. the Among more prominent early settlers, includino- those before named, were James Parker, Ezekiel Shear- man, David Wagener, Elijah Spencer and Levi Benton, men of character and means, who had much to do in the future shaping destinies of this county. The spring of 1789 brought large accessions to the new settlement. In 1790 little the colony was gladdened " by the arrival of the Friend," who was much pleased with the location. The same year a national census was taken.

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The Friend settlement numbered 260 persons, and in the meantime other settlements had sprung up which gave 388 as the population of the entire region west of Seneca " " Lake. The Friend was located in comparative comfort in the midst of her flock, having been provided by them with a suitable residence and a place of worship. In the spring of 1794, after a residence of four years in the " " original settlement, the Friend removed her household " to her new abode in the vale of the Brook Kedron," in the present town of Jerusalem, Yates county, on a tract of land comprising about 1,400 acres, retaining about 300 " " acres in the original settlement. The Friend gradually improved her surroundings in the deep forests of her new abode, Jerusalem, by the co-operation and helpful aid of her society. The influence of this remarkable woman continued unabated with a large body of her followers throughout her life and after her death, which occurred July 1, 1819. The concensus of public opinion then, which has held good through the succeeding years, " " is that the Friend's labors conduced to the general welfare and building up and settlement of this goodly territory. The census of 1820 shows that the region west of Seneca Lake now included within the bounds of the county of Yates contained a population of 12,500. At that

time all of the towns were fully organized as sub-divisions of old Ontario and Steuben, except the town of Torrey, which was formed from Benton and Milo in 1851. It is worthy of note that the town of Torrey was the first settled

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and the last erected. It may be proper to state at this point in the narrative that in 1820 the town of Benton had a population of 3,357 and the town of Milo 2,602. In these two towns the first settlements were made.

The then small village of Penn Yan was located mid- way between the towns of Benton and Milo, with a population at this period of 1,250. Penn Yan, located near the center of what was afterwards known as Yates county, on the outlet at the foot of Lake Keuka, naturally became the focal point from which other portions of the county were settled. As early as 1810 men of character and influence from other portions of the State had settled at Penn Yan, and it naturally became the seat of influence and power. Upon the erection of the county, in 1823, Penn Yan was selected as the shire town, and as a consequence public buildings were located there. Nature had provided a splendid site upon which civilized man might build a up thriving, prosperous village. That consummation has been in reached; fact, was attained nearly three- quarters of a century ago. But each succeeding year has witnessed some material improvement, some development of new until resources, by slow stages it has grown to contain a population of nearly 5,000 souls, and is provided with all the enterprises, industries and commercial ad- that can be found in vantages any interior village of the Empire State. Among the pioneers of this region and founders of " Penn Yan was David Wagener, a follower of the Friend," and Abraham his Wagener, son, who deserve especial

295 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES mention as among the first who started the village of Penn Yan on the high road to success. Abraham Wagener was the first postmaster and held the office for fourteen years. He was justice of the peace for twenty years and the first president of the village after its incorporation in 1833. It may be of interest to state that the naming of Penn Yan came about as follows : Large numbers of Pennsylvanians and Yankees from Rhode Island and Connecticut settled here, and a dispute arose concerning the name of the village. It was finally agreed that the matter should be com- promised by combining the first syllables of Pennsylvania and Yankee.

The second place of importance and population in the county is the village of Dundee. Starkey, which is the southei'nmost town in the county of Yates, in which the village of Dundee is located, was named after its first supervisor, John Starkey, who was among the early settlers. The village of Dundee is up-to-date and thriving. Its present population is about 1,500. It has been and is the home of and men many prominent responsible ; among them assemblymen, senators, members of Congress, lawyers of distinction, business men of marked influence and politicians known and honored throughout the length and breadth of the State, detailed description of a portion of whom will be given in this article. On the 27th day of January, 1789, Ontario county was created out of a part of Montgomery, and was named from the lake which in part formed its northern boundary. At that time all that is now Yates county was a part of

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Ontario, but seven years later, on INIarch 18, 1796, Steuben was erected, and within it was a portion of the territory which is now included in Yates, being the townships of Starkey and Barrington and a part of Jerusalem. No further material change affecting this immediate locality was made until the year 1823, when Yates county was erected from Ontario. The towns of Starkey and Bar- rington and a part of Jerusalem were taken from Steuben and added to the new formation in 18'-24. This new county was named in honor of Joseph C. Yates, then Governor of the State of New York.

It will be of interest to note that at this early period this region of the State was known far and wide as being the home of men of excellent character and ability. The war with Great Britain in 18l!2-15 had brought many of its more prominent citizens to the front. Among the residents of this portion of Ontario who represented her in the State Legislature were Samuel Lawrence, in 1809, and also in 1816; Dr. Joshua Lee, in 1814; Elijah Spencer, in 1819; Dr. William Cornwell, in 1820 and 1821, and Aaron Remer, in 1822. Aaron Remer, who represented Ontario county in the Legislature of 1822, was the first to represent the newly-erected county of Yates. William M. Oliver, at this time a resident of Penn Yan, was appointed by Governor Yates as the first judge of the Yates Common Pleas and held the office from 1823 to 1828.

James Robinson was the first sheriff; Abram H. Bennett, the first county clerk; James Taylor, the first district attorney; and Abraham P. Vosburgh, the first surrogate.

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The first Court held in Yates county was in June, 1823. John Sutton, of Tompkins county, George H. Foster, of Herkimer, and Joseph B. Walton, of Otsego, were the commissioners who located the county seat. The civil government of the county of Yates, having been established by statutory law, opened new fields of

political preferment, in which she with becoming modesty asserted her claims. Yates has always been known as

strongly partisan in her political convictions. She was safely Democratic for more than thirty years succeeding the organization of the county, and has been one of the reliable counties in the Republican column since its

organization in 1856. In the realm of politics her prominent and deserving citizens have forged to the front on many important occasions.

The village newspapers have been most valuable assets of the county of Yates. In the year 1818, five years before the county's autonomy was assured, the first journal was established. Abram H. Bennett, the first county

clerk of Yates county, was its proprietor. The venture was called The Penn Yan Herald. The name of the

paper was changed to The Penn Yan Democrat in 1820, and this title it has since retained. Throughout its entire

career the Democrat has supported the political party

whose name it bears. It has an honorable record for

consistency and devotion to principle. Harry C. Earles, the present proprietor and editor, is a man of ability and the paper has largely grown under his management.

298 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

The Yates Republican was established by E. J. Fowle in 1824 and continued for ten years, when the name of the paper was changed to The Enquirer, which continued for two years. In 1837 The Democratic Whig was estabhshed and was published by William Child, N. D. Suydam and Rodney L. Adams until 1852, when it was sold to Cleve- land and Look. Four years later Stafford C. Cleveland assumed entire control. Of all the printers who have Yates with their graced county presence he was easily the chief. Of stalwart and intelligent appearance, Mr. Cleveland combined great strength of mind with an independent character, and soon won the respect and confidence of the people. Upon his accession the name of his newspaper was changed and became The Yates County Chronicle, which title it still retains. John D. Wolcott, afterwards district attorney of Yates county, was for several years connected with Mr. Cleveland in the publication of the Chronicle. Stafford C. Cleveland was one of the founders of the Republican party. His paper took high rank among the Republican papers of the State. He was a writer of acknowledged ability and power. Mr. Cleveland, notwithstanding his duties as editor, found time to prepare and pulilish a history of Yates county, which has been a very valuable asset of the county, and to which the writer of this article is greatly indebted. The Chronicle is now published by Ayres & Wilson and is recognized as one of the leading weekly papers of Western New York.

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The Penn Yan Express, founded by George D. A. Bridgeman in 1865, passed under the control of the present pubUsher, Reuben A. Seofield, in 1872. In his hands it has been successful. In politics it has been continuously Republican. Mr. Seofield is a veteran of the Civil War and has held the office of county treasurer two full terms with great acceptance. The Dundee Observer, published at Dundee, was established in 1878 by Eugene Vreeland, its present pro-

it neutral in but since prietor. Until 1882 was politics, that time has advocated Republican principles. In the hands of Mr. Vreeland the Observer has exerted a wide his influence in political affairs. Mr. Vreeland is serving fourth term as postmaster at Dundee. Amid the multitude of the names of those who have made the history of the county of Yates this limited space will serve to bring but a small number to the notice of the as assisted public. Those who are commemorated having are not in the permanent uplift of this community possibly more deserving than hundreds of others, but will suffice to illustrate the development and growth of the county. William M. Oliver, although not one of the early date. He was pioneers, came to Penn Yan at an early then a young man, but by his prudent and conservative counsels very soon became one of the leading citizens of this section. For many years he shaped the politics of this county and was one of the State leaders of his party. was Upon the organization of the county he appointed first judge of the old Court of Common Pleas, which office

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he held until 1828. He was again appointed in 1838 and held office until 1841. He was State senator four years, 1836-40, and during the time was elected president of the Senate, thereby becoming Lieutenant Governor of the State. He was elected to Congress in 1840 and served term. one Judge Oliver was a man of strict integrity and ranked high among the officials of the State. Henry Wells came to Penn Yan in 1829, where he resided until his death in 1868. He always stood in the front rank of his profession and had a large and lucrative practice. His first office was that of district attorney of the county. He was elected justice of the Supreme Court in 1847, he having acted before that date by appointment as of the judge Court of Common Pleas. He was justice of the Supreme Court at the time of his death. As an able and conscientious judge none stood higher or was more highly esteemed. Delazon Sunderlin, an able and distinguished jurist of this county, commenced the practice of law in Penn Yan in 1846. He was district attorney 1851-54. His son, Martin J. Sunderlin, was also an able lawyer and gained great success in his chosen profession. He removed from Penn to Yan Watkins, Schuyler county, and served many as years judge and surrogate of that county. Daniel Morris was born at Fayette, Seneca county, January 4, 1811, but removed while quite young to Yates county. He worked upon a farm in his boyhood, and his early opportunities were limited. Having obtained an education through his own exertions, he taught school for

301 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES a few years, and then engaged in the practice of law at Rushville, where he built up an excellent reputation as a lawyer. In 1847 he was elected district attorney of Yates county and served for four years. He was elected member of Assembly from Yates county in 1858, and held the office for one term, being chairman of the judiciary committee. In 1860 he removed to Penn Yan. In 1862 he was elected upon the Republican ticket to the 38th Con- gress and was re-elected the following term, being during both terms a member of the judiciary committee. He ably supported while in Congress the reconstruction measures of his party, and opened the debate in the House upon the adoption of the 13th Amendment, maintaining that the abolition of slavery was a necessary preliminary to the reconstruction of the Union. In 1867 he resumed the practice of law at Penn Yan, and died there April 22, 1889. Justice S. Glover took up his residence in Penn Yan in 1830, where he practiced his profession until he removed to Sagawan in 1865. Mr. Glover had a good legal mind and was classed as among the first lawyers of the county. He was formerly a pronounced Whig, but affiliated with the Republican party from its organization. He was recognized as a man of character and ability. Abram V. Harpending came to Penn Yan in 1840 and studied law in the oflBce of Evert Van Buren, a distinguished barrister residing in Penn Yan at that period. Mr. Harpending was a brilliant man and stood at the head of his profession. He was district attorney of the county

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1853-56; member of Assembly 1857; State senator 1870- 71, at the time of his death. His untimely death, coming to him as it did while holding and exercising the functions of an honorable office, created a deep sensation at his home and cast a gloom and sadness over the entire community. William S. Briggs was born in the town of Milo, Yates county, October 30, 1820. He was admitted to the practice of law in 1856. His whole course was marked by honesty and uprightness. He held many offices of honor and trust, to the satisfaction of his fellow citizens.

Judge Briggs was a politician of the first rank, was suave and gentlemanly in his deportment. The fact that he held the office of judge and surrogate of the county for 24 years, and always with acceptance, distinguishes him as a man of no common mould. Judge Briggs was one of the founders of the Republican party in Yates county and a firm and conscientious supporter of Republican principles. Hanford Struble was born in the town of Milo, Yates county. May 14, 1842. Upon completion of his education Judge Struble, as he was afterwards familiarly known to his host of friends, was employed for a time as principal of the Dundee High School. In 1862 he enlisted as a soldier in the Civil War, Company B, 148th Regiment, New York Volunteers. He was chosen first lieutenant of his company and was afterwards promoted to major. In February, 1865, Major Struble was on duty before Rich- mond and entered the city with President Lincoln on the third day of April following. After the close of the war Major Struble came to Penn Yan and commenced the

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practice of law. Major Struble was elected district attorney of Yates county in the fall of 1869, and held the office for six years. He represented the county in the State Legislature in 1871-2. He was elected county judge and surrogate in the fall of 1883 and held the office for the twelve years following. Judge Struble was a staunch Republican and was always ready and willing to do his full share in support of the nominees of the party. He was a man of splendid address, and the fame of his oratory reached far beyond the confines of his county. As a lawyer he ranked high and his judicial opinions were considerate of the rights of contending parties. Morris Brown, a distinguished and able lawyer, came to Penn Yan from Hammondsport in the year 1850. He was a man of fine presence, of broad culture and dignified manner. In 1843 he represented Steuben county in the

Legislature of this State. He held the office of register in bankruptcy for several years after coming to Penn Yan. Benjamin L. Hoyt was born in Litchfield, Conn., June 22, 1819, and came to Penn Yan in the year 1840. He was admitted to the practice of law in 1841 and continued the practice of his profession until the close of his long and useful life, which occurred in 1910. Mr. Hoyt was one of the founders of the Republican party and distinguished himself in many ways as a patriot and a man of ability and power. Mr. Hoyt held many offices of honor and trust and was reliable to the last degree. One of his sons, Brigadier General Ralph W. Hoyt, graduate of West Point, is a man of rare attainment and is now on

304 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES duty with the United States Army in Texas. Charles S. Hoyt, another son, has been prominent in the pohtics of Yates county and the State for twenty years and more. For the last sixteen years he has been in the employ of the Government at Washington, D. C, as disbursing officer of the House of Representatives, a position of great responsibility and trust. Mr. Hoyt has maintained his business interests at Dundee, Yates county, and is regarded as among the foremost and reliable business men of this region. Dr. William Cornwell came to Penn Yan from Dela- ware county as early as 1809. He was a son of William

Cornwell, Sr., a Revolutionary patriot, who also settled in Yates county at an early date. Dr. Cornwell had much to do in the early settlement and growth of Penn Yan and was a physician of merit and distinction. After the war with Great Britain, in 1812, in which he served as surgeon's mate, he returned to Penn Yan and was admitted to the bar and practiced the profession of law for many years with marked success. He represented Ontario county in the State Legislature of 1821, and had great influence in the organization of the county of Yates. Mr. Cornwell was a great admirer of General Jackson and was a strong supporter of his pohcies as President. His death occurred in 1859. D. John Wolcott was born in the town of Starkey, Yates county. He read law with Evert Van Buren in Penn Yan, and upon his admission to the bar commenced the practice of the law. He was elected to the office of

305 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES district attorney of Yates county in 1862 and held the office with marked acceptance two full terms. He was afterwards associated for several years with Stafford & Cleveland as assistant editor and part proprietor of the Yates County Chronicle. Mr. Wolcott was a staunch Republican, an advocate of superior ability and developed a broad and accurate knowledge of the law. He may fairly be ranked as among the reliable, straightforward, notable lawyers of Yates county. Other members of the Yates county bar long since gone to their reward, who during their lives were an honor to their profession, were: Roderick N. Morrison, James Taylor, James L. Seeley, Lewis J. Wilkins, Benedict W. Franklin, James V. Vanalen, David B. Prosser, John L. Lewis, Andrew Oliver, Samuel H. Wells, Henry M. Stew- art, Hiland G. Wolcott, Henry A.Wisner, Charles S. Baker, William D. Dwelle, James Spicer, John H. Butler and Darius A. Ogden. John T. Knox was born February 26, 1844. He was graduated at Hamilton College in 1867 and came to Penn Yan in 1869. He was principal of the High School in Penn Yan 1869-70 and was admitted to practice law in 1872. Mr. Knox has always been a staunch Republican and among the leaders of the party in the county. He held the office of district attorney of Yates county nine years; judge and surrogate 12 years; village clerk 12 years, and has made good in every instance. Few men stand higher in the estimation of the people than Judge John T. Knox.

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OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Calvin J. Iluson is known as among the leaders of his profession in Western New York. He is a lawyer of ability, force and power. He was elected as a Democrat to represent the strong Republican burgh of Yates county in 1890. During the session of 1891 he held the important office of Assembly journal clerk. He was appointed deputy comptroller in 1892 and held the office during the full term. Mr. Husoii has been a leader of his party in Yates county for many years. He devotes much of his time and attention to agriculture and is recognized as an authority in agricultural matters throughout the State. Thomas Carmody was born in the town of Milo, Yates county, October 9, 1869. He was educated in the

Penn Yan School and Cornell University. He is known and recognized throughout the State as a man of ability and a platform orator of the first class. As a lawyer he takes a high place among the leading lawyers of the State. He was appointed district attorney of Yates county by Hill Governor and executed the office with marked fidelity and ability. Mr. Carmody was elected to the office of attorney general of the State at the general election of 1910 and assumed the office January 1, 1911. Present members of the Yates county bar who deserve especial mention are: John T. Andrews, Michael A. Leary, John H. Johnson, Henry V. L. Jones, William H. Fiero, William T. Morris, Abraham Gridley, Spencer F. Lincoln, the present district attorney of the county, J. Frank Douglass, Henry J. Sadler and Clinton B. Struble.

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George P. Lord, son of Benjamin M. and Elizabeth Fleming Lord, was born in Barrington, Yates county, on July 25, 1831, and was reared on the homestead. His early education was obtained in the common schools, under the guidance of his father, who was a teacher. He was prepared for college at Lima Seminary and graduated from Hobart in the classical course in 1856. After leaving college, Mr. Lord spent three years in the West as a teacher. Returning in 1859, he married Miss Eliza Bunce and settled on a farm. In the fall of 1860 he was nominated by the Republican party and elected to the office of school commissioner, holding the office for six years and declining a re-election. Mr. Lord's large acquaintance, his ready tact and clear insight made him a political factor to be counseled with in all the conventions of his party in county, district and State. In 1871, and again in 1872, Mr. Lord served in the State Assembly. In the latter year, while acting as chairman of the committee on public education, he secured an appropriation of $125,000 for acad- emies and the higher departments of union schools, in the face of strong opposition. In 1880, 1881, 1882 and 1883 Mr. Lord represented the old 28th Senate district. In the session of 1881 he presented the name of Elbridge G. Lapham for United States Senator, in place of Roscoe Conkling resigned, and for six weeks was the only senator voting for Mr. Lapham, who was finally chosen. Mr. Lord was a member of the tax commission which

formulated the corporation tax laws of the State. In 1896 Mr. Lord was appointed a State civil service

308

J'iimm^-w^'

m -'-'yW'-?''''' /^ '^'';:^^V-'"0;?'' OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

commissioner and served during the terms of Governors Morton and Beach. As a civil service commissioner Mr. Lord strenuously advocated the importance of giving a high mark to proved fitness, but was over-ruled by Gov- ernor Roosevelt, who favored a strict educational test. As a delegate in the Republican State convention of 1910 " " " Mr. Lord acted with the Old Guard or Stalwarts."

He was a vice-president of the convention. Senator Lord, as familiarly known in Yates county and throughout the entire is a State, man of strict integrity, unflinching courage, courtly and agreeable in manners, loyal to his friends, a leader in recognized politics for a period of more than fifty years, and a business man of rare judgment and His 80 of experience. years age sits upon him lightly, and that he may live for many years to enjoy his well- earned laurels is the sincere and earnest wish of his many friends. Senator Lord is one of the remarkable men who seems never to grow old, retaining his influence as of old in the councils of his party. John S. Sheppard is a grandson of Morris F. Shep- who was pard, very prominent among the pioneers of Yates county, and the eldest son of Charles C. Sheppard, who for many years until his death was an influential figure in the affairs of this community. John S. Sheppard was born in the village of Penn Yan in the year 1840 and for a except few years has continuously resided there. As a business Mr. man Sheppard has always taken high rank and in politics is influential. He was a member of the board of education of the village of Penn Yan from 1876

309 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES to 1906 and for several years its president. He has been a member of the board of trustees of the First Presbyterian Church of Penn Yan since 1870 and during the greater portion of the time their president. He represented the Senate district comprising the counties of Steuben and Yates one term, 1896-1899. He is a director of the Genesee Trust Company of Rochester. He is a man of large affairs, strong personality and great business ability. Ferris P. Hurd deserves particular mention among the notable and distinguished citizens of the county. He was born in the town of Reading, Schuyler county, Sep- tember 13, 1823, and came to this county in 1846 or 1847. For some time after moving to the town of Jerusalem he was engaged in the lumber business. His residence was west of Branchport and his farm was known far and wide as one of the best in the county of Yates. He was a man of unusual pleasing address, and his influence was sure to be found upon the right side of every question, public or private. Mr. Hurd was a staunch Republican and many times represented his town in the county legislature. He also served several years as clerk of the board of supervisors. His advice was sought in all matters affecting the public welfare, his great executive ability and integrity of character making him a leader in the community. He died August 26, 1890. George R. Cornwell was born in Penn Yan, on the premises where he now resides, on February 24, 1836. He was educated in the Penn Yan schools and commenced business life as a clerk in the book and stationery store of

310

.Js^^rr^-c^t^i^^-^^^-^ OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

Burns & Miller in 1853. In the month of October, 1858,

he purchased the book and stationery store of L. & S. Denton, next door south of where the Citizens Bank now

is. Six years later he removed to what is known as Corn- well's Opera House block, where he continued in the same business until 1896. In the year 1863 he married Catherine E. Hermans, daughter of Dr. James Hermans, of the town of Potter. George R. Cornwell has been a staunch Repub- lican since the organization of the party. He was a member of the Republican county committee for fifteen years and its chairman for five years. He was member of Assembly from Yates county in the years 1887-1888 and secured appropriations of $40,000 for the dredging of Lake Keuka outlet and the erection of the Liberty Street iron bridge, which has since been kept in repair by the State. Mr. Cornwell was a delegate to the Republican national convention of 1884, and a member of the New York State Constitutional convention of 1894. He was trustee and treasurer of the First Presbyterian church, Penn Yan, for many years. He has been continuously a member of the board of education of the Penn Yan Union School district since January, 1873, and has been greatly interested in educational work. He was presented by the Republicans of Yates county for nomination to the office of representative in Congress on two separate occasions, but the honors were given to other counties. Mr. Cornwell was a charter member of the board of water commissioners of Penn Yan, and after a service of four years, upon his appointment as postmaster, resigned.

311 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

He is now serving his fourth continuous term as postmaster at Penn Yan. Although well advanced in years,

Mr. Cornwell still retains his ancient vigor. Among other prominent names who deserve special notice is that of Joseph F. Crosby, of the town of Barring- ton, who for more than thirty years was one of its leading characters. Mr. Crosby came from Revolutionary stock.

He was deservedly prominent politically. He was supervisor of his town for several terms. He held the office of sheriff of Yates county one term and of county clerk two terms. His was an active, brave spirit, always and forever helpful of others. In his later years he was affectionately " known the county over as Uncle Joe." Lewis B. Graham, a prominent figure in Yates county politics for many years, for most of his life was a resident of the town of Italy. He was a veteran of the Civil War, was clerk of the county two terms and held many other offices of honor and trust to the entire satisfaction of the public. Dewitt Clinton Gage also was a resident of the town of Italy for many years. He owned at one time a farm of 400 acres in that town and was a man of probity and honor. Two of his sons were born in Italy and arose to eminence. One of them was elected Governor of the State of Cali- fornia and is today high in the councils of the Republican party of that State. Dewitt C. Gage removed from Italy to Saginaw, Mich., was postmaster of Saginaw three terms and was afterward elected and served as justice of the Supreme Court. He was succeeded as postmaster by his

312 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

" son, Glover Gage. There is an old adage that the town •of Italy is a good place to emigrate from," and surely a large number of her sons have arrived at eminence in other portions of the country. In closing this brief history it may be proper to add the county of Yates is proud of its advance in all that pertains to intellectual and moral growth, to good citizenship and happy and convenient surroundings. The period from Cleveland to Hughes is marked by rapid strides in all that pertains to general improvement. Evolution, heredity and environment have become household words, and their application to history has influenced every one who has had to trace the development of a people, the growth of an institution or the establishment of a cause.

Memory is that precious capacity of the mind which gives us the large inheritance of the past that is one of the chief glories of civilized man. With all its limitations and errors, it is an attribute of God-like power and beneficence. It rebuilds the past and repeoples it with vital and ambitious forces. It makes each succeeding generation the inheritor of the intellectual wealth, the moral progress and the material improvement of its predecessors. Mem- ory ties the past to the future and preserves the continuity of historical succession.

History is the cumulative memory of ages and the storehouse of human wisdom and experience. It gives a unitary life to the race, ranking the individual as but a leaf on the great tree of humanity, of which the trunk and

313 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES spreading branches are represented by tbe past and present of the entire evolution. CoiTNTY Officers COTJNTY JUDGES Hanford Struble 1883 Jolm T. Knox 1896 Gilbert Baker 1909 DISTRICT ATTORNEYS Andrew C. Harwick 1883 Charles S. Baker 1886 Thomas Carmody 1891 John T. Knox 1892 Abraham Gridley 1895 Charles W. Kimball 1898 Abraham Gridley 1901 Spencer F. Lincoln 1907 COUNTY CLERKS Edward Kendall 1883 Joseph F. Crosby 1889 William S. Cornwell 1892 George S. Goodrich 1895 John E. Watkins 1898 Henry T. Reed 1901 Edwin M. Potter 1910 SHERIFFS Charles Speelman 1883 Michael A. Pearce 1886 Perry W. Danes 1889 William T. Beaumont 1892 John W. Smith, 2nd 1895 J. Robert Miller 1898 Edmund Crosby 1901 Elias F. Pulver 1904 Delmar J. Knapp 1907 John F. Thompson 1910 COUNTY TREASURERS Daniel F. Randolph 1882 David G. Gray 1884 J. Henry Smith 1885 Charles Hunter 1895 J. Monroe Lown 1898 Reuben A. Scofield 1904 Frank M. McNiff 1910

314 Members of Assembly

FROM 1883 TO 1911

1883 January 2 to May 4

Speaker Alfred C. Chapin (R) Clerk Walter H. Bunn Sergeard-at-Arma James A. Delnney Doorkeeper Jabez C. Pierce Stenographer Spencer C. Rogers Ai-BANY DELAWARE 3. Charles J. Henry 1. Daniel P. Winne Timothy Sanderson *• Patrick Burns 2. Warren S. Kelley 5. Thomas J. Sheridan 3. Edward A. Maher Dutchess 6. Patrick H. McCarren 4. Joseph Delehanty 1. Storm Emans 7. George H. Lindsay 2. A. 8. David Lindsay ^^°^^..,„„ ^ . Edgar Briggs°° 9. Alfred Hodges ERIE Charles S. Hall 10. James Taylor BROOME ^' Cornelius Donohue 11. Alfred C. Chapin . 2. Godfrey Ernst 12. Mortimer C. Earl LewisT C.^ Bartlettn „ „ 3. Elias S. Hawley CATTARAUGUS *• Tuiiothy W. Jackson ^^. 5- David J. Wilcox Fnend Hoyt 1. Charles S. Ca.y 2. Elij. R. Schoomnaker essex livingiston COLUMBU Nathaniel C. Boynton Kidder M. Scott A. L. Schermerhorn franklin madison cortl.4J*d William T. O'Neil George H. Benjamin Judson C. Nelson fulton and Hamilton monroe Richard 1. catuga Murray Levi J. DeLand

• 2. David 1 T u tr Ti -u GENESEE Healy 1. Josiah H. Hamilton r. i . -nr xt- i , 3.''• Alexander^"^'ânaer P^- Butts ôlêrt «"«« 2. William Howland W. Nichol G«EENE MONTGOMERY CHAUTAUQUACHAin-AUOTTA j^^ ^ g [, frank S. Decker \. Charles H. Corbett 2. Oscar F. Price herkimer new york George W. Smith C Murphy CHEMUNG \ Miehâel Jefferson Jeremiah J. O'Connor 3. Patrick N. Oakley 1. Isaac L. 4. Patrick H. Roche CHENANGO Hunt, Jr. 2 William M. Thomson 5. Dominick F. Mullaney Silas W. Berry 6. J. ^^''"^ Timothy Campbell 7. Lucas t. Van Allen "'""°''^,^„^ L Michael E. Butler 8. G. H. Werfehnan Benjamm D. Clapp 2. Bernard J. Mulholland 9. Frederick B. House

315 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

NEW YORK—CONT. OTSEGO STEUBEN 10. F. George Roesch 1. WUliam Caryl Ely 1. Orange S. Searl 11. Walter Howe 2. Hartford D. Nelson 2. Andrew B. Craig 12. Emanuel A. Schwarz 13. Thales S. Bliss PUTNAM SUFFOLK 14. John Murphy James Wilton Brooks Edwin Bailey 15. James F. Higgms QUEENS SULLIVAN 16. Francis B. Spmola 17. John Quinn 1. Louis K. Church George B. Childs 18. Daniel 2. E. Buhner S. McEhoy George TIOGA 19. John McManus RENSSELAER B. Ferris 20. James Haggerty Myron 1. WiUiam V. 21. Theodore Roosevelt Cleary TOMPKINS 22. Jacob F. Miller 2. Richard A. Derrick John E. 23. Leroy B. Crane 3. Rufus Sweet Cady 24. John J. Clarke RICHMOND ULSTER NIAG.iRA Erastus Brooks 1. Thomas H. Tremper 1. Joseph W. Higgins 2. David M. DeWitt 2. Thomas V. Welch ROCKLAND 3. Thomas E. Benedict ONEIDA William H. Thompson WARREN 1. William Townsend ST. LAWRENCE Lorenzo B. Locke 2. Clarence E. Williams 1. Abel Godard 3. Thomas B. AUanson WASHINGTON 2. Morrell D. Beckwith 1. Robert Jr. ONONDAGA 3. George Z. Erwin Armstrong, 1. James Geddes 2. George Northup SARATOGA 2. Elbert O. Farrar WAYNE 3. John Lighton 1. William B. Consalus 2. S. Clement 1. Oscar Weed ONTARIO Henry 2. Leman Hotchkiss Frank Rice SCHENECTADY WESTCHESTER ORANGE Christopher O. Hamlin 1. Edward R. Keyes 1. J. OdeU Chauncey SCHOHARIE 2. Samuel W. Johnson 2. Jacob H. IJimmick Hadley Snyder 3. John Hoag ORLE.tNS SCHUYLER WYOMING Henry M. Hard Adrian Tuttle N. Page OSWEGO Henry 1. William A. Poucher SENECA TATES 2. Byron Helm Patrick J. Rogers Stafford C. Cleveland

1884

January 1 to May 16

Speaker Titus Sheard (R) Cterk Charles A. Chickering Sergeant-at-Arms Henry Wheeler Doorkeeper Michael Maher Stenographer Emory P. Close ALBANY ALLEGANY CATTARAUGUS

1. Charles S. Hall • John Zimmerman ij j i tit t- ^- Frederick W . Kruse 2. Hiram Becker broome 3. James Forsyth, Jr. WiUiam H. Olin 2. Eugene A. Nash

316 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

CAYUGA NIAGARA

1. Willoughby B. Priddy 1. Michael E. Butler 1. Jacob A. Driess 2. William Howland 2. 2. Richard Nagle Thomas V. Welch CHAUTAUQUA 3. Peter J. Kelly ONEIDA 4. Patrick Burns 1. Dana P. Norton 1. Joseph Joyce 5. Michael J. Coffey 2. Oscar F. Price 2. 6. Thomas F. Farrell Joseph .\ckroyd 3. T. James Owens CHBMUNG 7. George H. Lindsay 8. II. Nason ONONDAGA Jonas S. Van Duzer George 9. Alfred Hodges 1. James Geddes CHENANGO 10. James Taylor 2. Francis Hendricks 11. Heath Charles W. Brown Henrv 3. Conrad Schoemaker 12. Mortimer C. Earl CLINTON ONTARIO LEWIS William E. Smith Frank Rice Charles M. Allen OR.^NGE COLUMBIA 1. J. O'Dell Gilbert A. Deane LIVINGSTON Chauncey 2. Jacob H. Dimmick Kidder M. Scott COBTL.4ND ORLEANS A. Jiidson Kneeland MADISON J. Marshall Dibble DELAWARE Edward F. Haskell OSWEGO Silas S. Cartwright MONROE 1. DeWitt C. Littlejohn 2. Gouvernor M. Sweet DUTCHESS 1. Walter S. Hubbell 1. James Kent, Jr. 2. Charles R. Pratt OTSEGO 2. Edward B. Osborne 3. Garbutt Philip 1. William Caryl Ely 2. Hartford D. Nelson ERIE MONTGOMEBT PUTN.UI 1. Cornelius Donohue Martin Wah-ath, Jr. 2. PVank Sipp Henry D. Clapp 3. Clmton NEW YORK George QUEENS 4. W. Jackson Timothy 1. Patrick H. Duffy 1. Louis K. Church 5. David j. Wilcox 2. James Oliver 2. Edward A. 3. John C. Darragh ESSEX Brogan 4. Patrick H. Roche RENSSELAER Nathaniel C. Boynton 5. Dominick F. Mullaney 1. James P. Hooley 6. Peter Jobes FRANKLIN Henry 2. Sylvanus D. Locke 7. Lucas L. Van Allen 3. \tilliam T. Miles William T. O'Neil 8. Charles Smith 9. Frederick B. House RICHMOND FULTON AND HAMILTON 10. Charles A. Binder Edward A. Moore Linn L. Boyce 11. Walter Howe ROCKLAND 12. Sol. D. Rosenthal GENESEE 13. Isaac Davton John W. Felter Lucien R. 14. Bailey John E. bonnelly ST. LAWRENCE 15. James F. Higgins GREENE 1. N. Martin Curtis 16. Peter F. Murray 2. Morrell D. Beckwith Bradley S. McCabe 17. Richard J. Lewis 3. Z. Erwin 18. Thomas George HERKIMER Murphy 19. Dow S. Kittle SARATOGA Titus Sheard 20. James Haggerty 1. Daniel C. Briggs 21. Theodore Roosevelt JEFFERSON 2. Thomas No.xon 22. John T. McDonald 1. Isaac L. Hunt, Jr. 23. Daniel M. Van Cott SCHENECTADY 2. Eli J. Seeber 24. John J. Clarke John W. ^'edder

317 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

WASHINGTON SCHOHARIE SULLIVAN 1. Daniel M. Westfall H. Brown George B. Childs James 2. Charles K. Baker TIOGA SCHtrSXEB WAYNE F. Charles Barrager 1. A. S. Farnum J. Franklin Barnes S. Pierson TOMPKINS 2. Silas SENECA John E. Cady WESTCHESTER George W. Jones 1. Norton P. Otis ULSTER 2. Samuel W. Johnson STEUBEN 3. James W. Husted 1. Thomas A. Tremper 1. George E. Whiteman 2. Gil. D. B. Hasbrouck WYOMING B. R. Johnson 2. Andrew Craig 3. George George M. Palmer SUFFOLK WARREN YATES H. C. Simeon S. Hawkins Lorenzo R. Locke Harpending

1885

15 to May 22 January 6 to May 15 ; May

Z. Erwin (R) Speaker George A. Qlgj.]i Charles Chickering Edward H. Talbot Sergeant-at-Arms Michael Maher Doorkeeper P. Close Stenographer Emory

3. William M Hawkins ALBANYAI.BANY CHEMUNG c 17 ,„, 4. Tunothy W. Jackson Jonas S. VanDuzern 1. Stephen H. Niles ^ Amos H. Baker 2. Lansmg Hotallmg ^henango ^g^xEssex 3. Patrick Murray „„ ^ B.„ Whitmore., 4. Terence I. Hardin George Wesley Barnes CLINTON FRANKLIN ALLEGANY (J ^g w. Pahner WUUam T. G'Neil William R. McEwen COLUMBIA FULTON AND HAMILTON BROOME JoIjj, c. Hogeboom Alden W. Berry William H. Olm CORTLAND GENESEE CATTARAUGUS Harlan P. Andrews Lucien R. Bailey 1. Frederick WKruse Delaware greene 2. Eugene A. Nash SUas S. Cartwright Stephen T. Hopkins CAYUGA DUTCHESS „ „ .^^ HERKIMER 1. Willoughby B. Priddy j h. Storm j^^^^], John ^M. Budlon^Uudlong 2. Michael B. Van Busknrk 2. Edward B. Osborne „„,„ JEFFERSON CHAUTAUQUA ERIE 1. ^n E. KJby DanaP.Horton 1. WiUiam F Sheehan 1. |fEh J. beeber 2. Frank M. Giese 2. 2. Julian T. Williams

318 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

KINGS NIAGARA SCHENECTADY

1. Moses J. Wafer 1. Jacob A. Dreiss Edward D. Cutler 2. Richard Nagle 2. Walter P. Home 3. Peter K. McCann SCHOHARIE ONEIDA 4. F. Henry Ilaijgerty Addison H. Bartley 5. Michael J. Coffey 1. Henry A. Steber 6. Thomas F. Farrell 2. Lewis B. Sherman SCHUYLER 3. T. James 7. George H. Lindsay Owens Fremont Cole 8. Robert E. Connelly ONONDAGA 9. Lewis A. Myers SENECA 10. James 1. Wallace Taylor Tappan WiUiam B. Clark 11. Henry Heath 2. Francis Hendricks 12. Mortimer C. Earl 3. Conrad Schoemaker STEUBEN LEWIS ONTARIO 1. George E. Whiteman 2. Charles D. Baker G. Henry P. Gould John Raines SUFFOLK LIVINGSTON ORANGE 1. Samuel L. Carlisle Simeon S. Hawkins Kidder M. Scott 2. W. George Greene SULLIVAN MADISON ORLEANS James D. Decker Edward F. Haskell J. Marshall Dibble TIOGA Charles F. 1. Walter S. Hubbell Barager 1. Henry C. Howe 2. James P. Tumilty 2. Gouvernor R. Sweet TOMPKINS 3. PhiUpGarbutt OTSEGO Hiland K. Clark MONTGOMERY 1. William Caryl Ely Thomas Liddle 2. Frank B. Arnold 1. Robert A. Snyder NEW YORK PDTNAJI 2. G. D. B. Hasbrouck 3. C. A. 1. Daniel E. Finn Robert A. Livingston J. Hardenburgh 2. James Oliver QUEENS WABREN 3. Charles Eiseman 4. Patrick H. Roche 1. Louis K. Church Frank Bryne 5. Michael Brennan 2. Thomas A. Smith WASHINGTON 6. Edward F. Reilly RENSSELAER 7. Lucas L. Van^Ulen 1. 1. James P. George Scott 8. Hooley Charles Smith 2. Charles 2. L. Demers K. Baker 9. John P. Rockefeller Eugene 3. Charles C. Lodewick 10. George F. Roesch WAYNE 11. Walter Howe RICHMOND 1. A. S. Farnum 12. Solomon D. Rosenthal Michael S. Tyman 2. Ed\vin K. Burnham 13. John P. Windolph 14. Jacob Kunzenman ROCKLAND WESTCHESTER 15. John B. McGoldrick John W. Felter 16. Edward P. Hagan 1. Charles P. McClelland 17. John H. O'Hara ST. LAWRENCE 2. Samuel W. Johnson 3. James W. Husted 18. John F. Kenny 1. N. Martin Curtis 19. S. Ives Eugene 2. Andrew Tuck WYOMING 20. James Haojgerty 3. George Z. Erwin 21. Henry A. Barnum John E. Lowing S.ARATOGA 22. Joseph L. Gerety YATES 23. JacoD A. Cantor 1. Daniel C. Briggs 24. John B. Shea 2. Bartlett B. Grippin Clark E. Smith

319 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

1886 January 5 to Mat 20

Speaker James W. Husted (R) Clerk Charles A. Chickering Sergeani-ai-Arms Edward H. Talbot Doorkeeper Michael Maher Stenographer Emory P. Close

ALBANY 4. John Kraus Montgomery

1. John Bowe 5. Amos H. Baker Thomas Liddle 2. Smith O'Brien essex new yobk 3. Norton Ctase ^^^^j g ^ p^^^;^, g ^.^^ 4. Terence L. Hardm 2 ^^^^^^ j^j^^^^ FRANKLIN ALLEGANY 3 j^^^^ g p^^^^^ WilUam R. McEwen ^^°^^ ^- ^adley 4. Jeremiah Hayes FULTON AND HAMILTON ^- Michael Brennan ^'^^° "• "^"^ Isaac C. Edison 6. PhiUp Kiernan GENESEE 7. Lucas L. Van Allen CATTARAUGUS Charles A. Seaver 8. Charles Smith 1. Frederick W. Kruse gReene^„^^^.^ 9. John D. Nangle 2. Erastus S. IngersoU 10. Charles A. Binder T. CAYUGA Stephen Hopkins ^^ Robert Ray Hamilton HERKUiEH 12- Moses Dmkelspiel 1 FnnV M Parsons John M. -. Windolph I: lit L^BXk Budlong Joh^P- CHAUTAUQUA JEFFERSON 15. Werner Bruns 1- Allen E. 16. P. 1. Jerome Babcock Kilby Edward Hagan 2. Edward B. 17. William Dalton 2. Newell Cheney Bulkley KINGS ^^' WiUiam J. Hill CHEMUNG 19. John McjManus ^ Robert P. Bush l' ^0. James Haggerty 2. Wilham^°f H„ tvt / uv McLaughlm gj. q W?Lyon 3. Peter K. McCann CHENANGO 33 Edward J. SheUy 4. F. Truman L. Matterson Henry Haggerty 23. Jacob A. Cantor 5. A. James McMahon g^ j^jja B. Shea CLINTON 6. Thomas t. barrell Niagara George W. Pahner 7. George H. Lindsay 8. Robert E. Connelly 1. Lewis P. Gordon COLUMBIA 9. James A. Brown 2. Peter A. Porter John C. Hogeboom 10. John B. Longley oneida 11. Henry D. Hotchkiss , r> • tt n COBTL.WD 12. Richard V. B. Newton 2.l Robert5^''°^^^"W. Evans MilfrediMiurea Mi>x. Brownorown ^^^^ ^ ^^^^^1 j ^^^^ DELAWARE RutsOU Rea ONONDAGA Charles J. Livingston Knapp 1. Wallace Tappan DUTCHESS William Y. Robinson 2. Alfred E. Stacey 3. Thomas McCarthy 1. Joseph H. Storm madison 2. John I. Piatt William S. Leete Ontario Edward P. Babcock ERIE MONROE„«,T„^^ orange 1. William F. Sheehan 1. Frank Gardner 2. Frank M. Giese 2. Charles R. Pratt 1. Robert H. Smith 3. Edward Gallagher 3. George W. Sune 2. George W. Greene

320 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

ORLEAN3 2. Andrew Tuck TOMPKINS Samuel A. Bates 3. Z. Erwin George Charles M. Titus OSWEGO SARATOGA ULSTER 1. Henry C. Howe 1. William M. Donald 1. M. 2. Danforth E. Ainsworth 2. George S. Batcheller Benjamin Freligh 2. Herman Craft OTSEGO SCHENECTADY 3. C. A. J. Hardenburgh 1. Lowell S. Henry Edward D. Cutler 2. Frank B. Arnold WARREN SCHOHARIE John PUTNAM Peart, Jr. Charles Brewster Mabie WASHINGTON Henry SCHUYLER QUEENS 1. Daniel M. Westfall Fremont Cole 2. James H. Manville 1. Fitch Joseph SENECA 2. James S. Allen WAYNE S. Duncan Leverich RENSSELAER 1. William Wood 2. Barnet H. Davis 1. Michael F. Collins STEUBEN 2. Eugene L. Demers 1. Franz S. Wolf WESTCHESTER 3. Thomas Dickson 2. Charles D. Baker 1. C. P. McClelland RICHMOND SUFFOLK 2. Norman A. Lawlor Edward P. 3. James W. Husted Doyle Henry E. Huntting ROCKLAND SULLIVAN WYOMING George Dickey James D. Decker Edward A. Pierce ST. LAWRENCE TIOGA YATE8 1. N. Martin Curtis Adolphus G. Allen Clark E. Smith

1887

January 4 to May 26

Speaker James W. Husted (R) Clerk Charles A. Chickering Sergeant-at-Arms Isaac Scott Doorkeeper Michael Maher Stenographer Emory P. Close

AI^ANY CAYUGA COLUMBIA 1. Horace T. Devereux 1- Frank M. Parsons John C. Hogeboom 2. V. H. 2. Coral C. White Youngman CORTLAND 3. William flill J. Chautauqua,„._ ^ 4. John T. Gorman Wayland D. Tisdale 1. Dana P. Horton Delaware ALLEGANY 2. George H. Frost ^^"^"^ ^- Thomson Washington INIases chemung DUTCHESS BROOME Robert P. Bush , „ „,. 1. Willard H. Mase Isaac C. Edison chenango 2 j^^^ j p^^^^ CATTARAUGUS ^^'p"^ Taylor ^^^^ 1. Frederick Clinton W. Kruse 1 ^\-iiliam F. Sheehan 2. Erastus b. Ingersoll George S. Weed 2. Frank M. Giese

321 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

ERIE—CONT. 7. George H. Henry RICHMOND 8. Charles Smith Edward A. Moore 3. Edward Gallagher 9. John Martin 4. Henry H. Guenther ROCKLAND 10. George F. Langbein 5. Edward K. Emery George Dickey 11. Robert R. Hamilton ESSEX ST. LAWRENCE 12. L. A. Giegerich Prime Spencer G. 13. William P. Muhy 1. N. Martin Curtis H. Kimball FRANKLIN 14. Jacob Kunzenman 2. William 15. H. McAdam 3. George Z. Erwin Floyd J. Hadley George 16. Edward P. SARATOGA FULTON AND HAMILTON Hagan 17. William Dalton 1. John H. Burke Alden W. Berry 18. John F. Kenny 2. Bartlett B. Grippin GENESEE S. Ives 19. Eugene SCHENECTADY Charles A. Seaver 20. William H. Hornidge D. Cutler H. Edward GREENE 21. Ernest Crosby 22. John F. SCHOHARIE Francis G. Walters Mclntyre 23. Jacob A. Cantor Emory Stevens HERKIMER 24. John B. Shea SCHUYLER H. Patrick McEvoy NIAGARA Fremont Cole JEFFERSON 1. Christian F. Goerss SENECA 1. Anson S. Thompson 2. Peter A. Porter WiUiam L. Sweet 2. Edward B. Bulkley ONEIDA STEUBEN KINGS 1. Benjamin Hall 1. Azariah C. Brundage 1. Moses J. Wafer 2. Robert W. Evans 2. Charles D. Baker 2. W. H. McLaughhn 3. John C. Davies SUFFOLK 3. Peter K. McCann ONONDAGA A. Reeves 4. Henry F. Hamrerty Henry 5. James A. McMahon 1. Hector B. Johnson SULLIVAN 6. Thomas F. Farrell 2. Alfred E. Stacey Martin A. Smith 7. John Reitz 3. Thomas McCarthy TIOGA 8. J. H. Bennington ONTARIO Jonathan C. Latimer 9. Alexander S. Bacon Edward P. Babcock TOMPKINS 10. John B. Longley G. Smith 11. James P. Graham ORANGE Walter 12. R. V. B. Newton 1. Robert H. Smith ULSTER LEWIS 2. George W. Greene 1. Thomas Ma.xwell I. Van Demark Rutson Rea ORLEANS 2. WUlet 3. Davis Winne Samuel A. Bates LIVINGSTON WAHREN William Y. Robinson OSWEGO James C. Howe Eldridge MADISON 1. Henry C. WASHINGTON William S. Leete 2. Danforth E. Ainsworth 1. J. Warren Fort MONROE OTSEGO 2. James H. Manville 1. F. A. Defendorf 1. Lowell S. Henry WATTNE 2. Edward W. Maurer B. Arnold 2. Frank 1. Charles T. Saxton 3. W. Sime George PUTNAM 2. Barnet H. Da%TS MONTGOMERY Henry Mabie WESTCHESTER Robert Wemple Burns QUEENS 1. J. Inang NEW YORK 2. Samuel Conover 1. Joseph Fitch Husted 1. Daniel E. Finn 3. James W. 2. Wilham J. Hines 2. T. D. Sullivan WYOMING RENSSELAER 3. James E. Power Edward A. Pierce 1. Michael F. Collins 4. Jeremiah Hayes YATES 5. Michael Brennan 2. J. Irving Baucus R. Cornwell 6. William J. McKenna 3. James Ryan, Jr. George

322 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

1888

January 3 to M\y 11; July 17 to 20

Speaker Fremont Cole (R) Clerk Charles A. Chickering Sergeant-at-Anns Isaac Scott Doorkeeper Homer B. Webb Stenographer William Loeb, Jr. ALBANY ESSEX NEW YORK 1. Frederick W. Conger Spencer G. Prime 1. Daniel P2. Finn 2. Vrecland H. 2. D. Youngman franklin„_.,„,,., Tiraothv Sullivan 3. William J. Hill 3 Thomas Smith. Jr. 4. John T. Gorman Floyd J. Hadley 4. Jeremiah Hayes ^- Brennan ALLEG\NY- FULTON AND HAMILTON }^';}}^<^^ 6. \\ilham „ _ „ T^ ; Tj. n J. McKenna Albert B. Cottrell Lewis Brownell ^ Bankson T. -Morgan BROOME GENESEE 8. Philip Wissig 9- John ^iartin Alonzo D. Lewis John H. Bagley, Jr. 10. George r. Koesch CATTARAUGUS HERKIMER U. Robert Ray Hamilton 1. Harrison Chenev Patrick H. McEvoy 12. Solomon D. Rosenthal 2. James S. Whipple 13. J. Weslev Smith JEFFERSON 14. Loujs p."Rannow c^^~^^Q^

1. Anson S.Thompson John E. .Savery j^" Hj^^l^ P 2.^ Andrew C. Ha"aT° 2. Coral Comstoc.k C.Whit^ J?] f^^Si^™ ^Xf CH.\UTAUQUA KINGS 18. Joseph Gordon 19- Joh" ComieUv 1. S. Fred NLxon 1- Moses J. Wafer 2. William H. 20. VVill.am H. Hormdge 2. George H. Frost McLaughlin 3. Peter K. ]McCann ^1- Ernest H. Crosby CHEMUNG 22. Blmnenthal ^ Henry F. Haggerty Joseph Robert P. Bush 5. Daniel B. Farrell 23- ^^icholas R. O'Connor 24. John B. Shea CHENANGO 6- Thomas F. Magner J"''" Charles A. Fuller • Niagara I ff'^^ , n. 11. • John Bonnmgton , r^x . ^ r^ CLINTON 9. Walter Mathison V VT'* ^''^ u^P^n^ '^- ^^''*°" D. Haskell George S. Weed 10. John B. Longley COLUMBL. °^'^'°-^ IV n'^'P'^vv'P'^f . 12. Daniel W. -, t ..••11- T^- , Tallmadge ii.,_,. Vo„t ^\ ilham Dmehart 1- J- Harry Kent LEWIS 2. George G. McAdam

^T^and D. Tisdale "ugh Hughes ONONDAGA LIVINGSTON„ DEL.\WAHE r> t U 1. „, I ,, /^i 1 Hector a. Johnson Charles J. Jotham Clark Knapp ^ W^xm H. Gallup DUTCHESS MADISON 3. AValter W. Cheney 1. Willard H. Mase Charles E. INIaynard Ontario 2. John I. Pratt monroe Robert Moody

1. Fletcher A. or.inge '^'*'^, . . Defendorf 1 \\ill.amF Sheehan 2. P. Andrew Sullivan 1. John C. Adams 2. Matthias Endres 3. William S. Church o. George"= W. Greene 3. Edward Gallagher 4. Henry H. Guenther Montgomery orle.\ns 5. Edward K. Emery Robert Wemple Ira Edwards

323 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

OSWEGO SARATOGA TOMPKINS J. Donaldson Frank J. Enz 1. S. Mortimer Coon 1. Harvev Bartlett B. 2. Danforth E. Ainsworth 2. Grippin ULSTER OTSEGO SCHENECTADY 1. Christopher N. DeWitt 1. John S. Newton Austin A. Yates 2. John J. O'Rielly Weidner 2. Walter L. Brown 3. Charles H. SCHOHARIE PUTNAM WARREN Alonzo B. Coons Henry Mabie William D. Aldrich SCHUYLER QTIEENS WASHINGTON Fremont Cole 1. JohnCashow 1. J. Warren Fort L. 2. James Hogins SENECA 2. Orson W. Sheldon RENSSELAER James M. Martin WAYNE

1. O'Neil 1. Charles T. Saxton George STEUBEN 2. J. Irving Baucus 2. Barnet H. Davis 1. Azariah C. Brundage 3. James Ryan, Jr. WESTCHESTER 2. Milo M. Acker RICHMOND 1. J. Irsing Burns George Cromwell SUFFOLK 2. Bradford Rhodes ROCKLAND Henry E. Huntting 3. James W. Husted Frank P. Demarest SULLIVAN WYOMING ST. LAWRENCE Martin A. Smith Greenleaf S. VanGorder 1. N. Martin Curtis TIOGA YATES 2. William H. Kimball C. Latimer George R. Cornwell 3. Michael H. Flaherty Jonathan

1889

January 1 to May 16

Fremont Cole (R) Speaker Qlg^]^ Charles A. Chickering Owel H Willard Sergeani-at-Anns Homer B \\ebb Doorkeeper H. Thornton Stenographer George ALBANY CHAUTAUQUA DELAWARE O. Mead 1. Jervis L. Miller I. S. Fred Nixon George 2. VreelandH. Youngman 2. George E. Towne dutchess 3- H. Mase Srlf.°^V,H'" T T> CHEMUNG 1- Willard 4. Wilham Burton LeRoy 2. Johnston L. DePeyster ^^^^^^^^ ^ ' ^^^^ ALLEGANY ^^^^ Albert B. Cottrell °« i. William F. Sheehan ^H^^f A.^ Pearsall^ ,, BROOME Edgar g. Matthias Endres Alonzo D. Lewis clinton 3. Leroy Andrus CATTARAUGUS Stephen Moffitt f H^-JH-B^ak:f" -^--- -EX I: f:^:i'^^lle William Dmehart^. ^ ^ Thomas A. Treadway CAYUGA FRANKLIN_ 1 Tnhn V Saverv CORTLAND William C. Stevens I: jtlirFZ^ RufusT.Peck

324 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

FULTON AND ILUIILTON H. Tliomas J. Creamer SARArOGA Lewis Brownell l.T. I'Vcderick Halfnerm 1. Harvey J. Donaldson l(i. Kdward P. Hagan GENESEE 2. George S. Batcheller, 1 17. John Kerrigan John M. McKenzie IS, William H. Newschafer SCHENECTADY GREENE 1!). John Connelly Austin A. Yates '-'(I. William H. Francis G. Walters Hornidge SCHOHARIE 21. Ernest H. Crosby HERKIMER 22. Joseph Blumenthal J. Edward Young 23. DeWitt J. Mesick Augustus Stra.ssburg SCHUYLER 2-t. C. Clarke JEFFERSON Christopher Fremont Cole NIAGARA 1. Henry J. Lane SENECA 1. John F. Little '2. Andrew C. Comstock William II. Dunham 2. J. Marville Harwood KINGS STEUBEN ONEIDA 1. Robert H. Milev 1. Charles H. McMaster 2. W. H. McLaufiiilin 1. Joseph H. Kent 2. Alilo M. Acker 3. Peter K. McCann 2. George G. McAdam ST. LAWRE.VCE 4. Henrj' F. Haggerty 3. Abisha B. Baker 5. John 1. N. Martin Curtis Kelly ONONDAGA 6. Patrick II. McCarren 2. William II. Kunball 1. James W. . 3. 7. Adam Schaatt' Upson Michael II. Flaherty 2. William H. 8. William Ulanclifield Gallup SUFFOLK 3. Walter W. 9. Frank Sperry Cheney Henry E. Huntting 10. John B. Longjley ONTARIO n. SULLIVAN Joseph Aspinall Robert Moody hi. James P. Graham Martin A. Smith OR.\NGE LEWIS TIOGA 1. John C. Adams Hugh Hughes Abram I. Decker 2. George W. Greene LIVINGSTON TOMPKJNS ORLEANS Jotham Clark Frank J. Enz Ira Edwards MADISON ULSTER OSWEGO Charles E. Maynard 1. George A. Davidson MONROE 1. S. Mortimer Coon 2. Jacob Rice 2. Dan'h E. Amsworth 3. H. Bush 1. Judson F. Sheldon George 2. OTSEGO WARREN Joseph Bauer 3. Edwm A. Loder 1. William L. Dante Scott Barton 2. Walter L. Brown MONTGOMERY WASHINGTON PUTN.VM W. Barlow Dunlap 1. Charles W. Larmon NEW YORK Hamilton Fish, Jr. 2. William H. Tefft L Patrick H. Duffy QUEENS WAYNE 2. 1. Timothy D. Sullivan 1 . Solomon S. Townsend Charles T. Saxfon 3. Thomas Smith, Jr. 2. Philip T. Cronm 2. Richard P. Groat 4. Jeremiah Hayes RENSSEL.\ER WESTCHESTER 5. Dominick F. Mullaney 6. Charles P. Blake 1. Georire O'Niel 1. William Murray 7. Francis V. King 2. Joseph S. Saunders 2. Bradford Rhodes 8. Charles Smith 3. James Ryan, Jr. 3. James W. Husted 9. John Martin RICHMOND WYOMING 10. George F. Roesch Hubbard R. Yetman G. S. Van Gorder 11. Robert Ray Hamilton 12. Moses Dinkelspiel ROCKLAND YATES 13. Frederick S. Gibbs Frank P. Demarest William A. Carson

325 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

1890

January 6 to Mat 9

Speaker James W. Husted (R) Clerk Charles A. Chickering Sergeant-at-Arms James H. Manville Doorkeeper Homer B. Webb Stenographer Isaac H. Smith A1

326 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

OaWEGO SARATOGA TOMPKINS 1. Nevada N. Stranahan 1. Cornelius U. Sheffer Nelson Stevens 2. Wilbur H. Selleck 2. Frank M. Boyce UI.STEn OTSEGO SCHENECTADY 1. James H. Everett 1. Oscar F. Laue G. W. Van Vranken 2. Jacob Rice 2. Nathan Bridges 3. George H. Bush PUTNAM SCHOHARIE WARREN Hamillon Fish, Jr. Alonzo B. Coons Scott Barton QUEENS SCHinXER 1. WASHINGTON Solomon S. Townsend Charles T. Willis 2. Henry C. Johnson 1. Charles W. Larmon RENSSELAER SENECA 2. Albert Johnson John H. Stevens WAYNE 1. James M. Riley 2. Joseph S. Saunders STEUBEN 1. John P. Bennett 3. John W. 2. Richard P. Groat McKnight 1. Peter B. Pealer RICHMOND 2. MUo M. Acker WESTCHESTER Daniel T. Cornell SUFFOLK 1. J. Irnng Burns 2. Bradford Rhodes ROCKLAND James H. Pierson 3. James W. Husted Arthur S. Tompkins SULLIVAN WYOMING ST. LAWRENCE William R. Rose I. Sam Johnson 1. N. Martin Curtis 2. WUliam H. Kimball TIOGA YATES 3. William Bradford Abram I. Decker Calvin J. Huson

1891 January 6 to April 30

Speaker William F. Sheehan (D) Clerk Charles R. DeFreest Sergeant-at-Arms Michael B. Redmond Doorkeeper Edward A. Moore Stenograplier Thomas Hassett

ALBANY CHAUTAUQUA DELAWARE 1. Michael J. Nolan l. Walter C. Gifford Henry Da\'ie '• Egburt E. Woodbury 3: Gatn'R^-ffitt"^ ^^.^^.^ 4. John T. Gorman chemung 1. Willard H. Mase 2. Edward B. Osborne ^LEGANY Robert P. Bush ^'"^ Addison S. Thompson chenango 1- „ TT A rr. 1 11 William F. Sheehan """"^'^ A. Truesdell H'^^^^y ^ ^l^^^^^^ Endres Israel, T. Deyo clinton 3. Edward Gallagher H. Guenther CATTARAUGUS Alfred Guibord Henry ^-f F^^nk D. Smith 1. Burton B. Lewis columbli 2. James S. Whipple essex ^- ^- CAYUGA ^^'''l^nie'' Walter D. Pahner 1. George W. Dickinson cortland franklin 2. William Leslie Noyes Rutus T. Peck William C. Stevens

327 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

FCTLTON AUD HAMILTON 14. William Sulzer ST. LAWRENCE 15. Louis John Christie Drypolcher 1. George R. Malby 16. Walter G. Byrne 2. John C. Keeler GENESEE 17. John Kerrigan 3. William Bradford Francis T. Miller 18. Daniel F. Martin SARATOGA GREENE 19. John Connelly 20. Mver J. Stern 1. Cornelius R. Sheffer Omar V. Sage 21. David M. Hildreth 2. Lewis Varney HERKUIEH 22. Joseph Blumenthal SCHENECTADY H. Green 24. Christopher C. Clarke Henry Alvin J. Quackenbush JEFFERSON NI.4GAR.\ SCHOHARIE 1. Henrj' J. Lane 1. Garwood L. Judd Ambrose R. Hunting 2. Isaac Mitchell 2. Levi Parsons Gillette SCHUYLER KINGS ON-EIDA Charles T. WiUis Cahill 1. Joseph J. 1. Cornelius Haley 2. Bernard J. McBride SENEC.\ 2. James L. Dempsey 3. John Cooney 3. Russell S. Johnson William H. Dunham 4. John J. O'Connor STEUBEN 5. John Kelly ONONDAGA 6. William E. Shields 1. Howard G. White 1. Grattan H. Brundage 7. Adam Schaafi' 2. William Kennedy 2. Milo M. Acker 8. James F. Quiglev 3. Ignatius Sawmiller SUFFOLK 9. Charles W. Sutherland James H. Pierson 10. Thomas F. B\Tnes ONTARIO 11. Joseph Aspinall Frank O. Chamberlain SULLIVAN 12. Mortimer C. Earl ORANGE George M. Beakes LEWIS 1. Grant B. Taylor TIOG.l G. Henry P. Gould 2. Michael N. Kane Royal W. Clinton LIVINGSTON ORLEANS TOMPKINS Elias H. Davis Wallace L'Hommedieu Nelson Stevens MADISON OSWEGO ULSTER Samuel R. Mott 1. M. Brink 1. Nevada N. Stranahan George 2. Jacob Rice MONROE 2. Wilbur H. SeUeck 3. George H. Bush 1. Frank M. Jones OTSEGO 2. Cornelius R. Parsons WARREN 1. Oscar F. Lane 3. William H. Denniston William M. Cameron 2. Walter L. Brown MONTGOMERY WASHINGTON PUTNAM W. Barlow Dunlap 1. William D. Stevenson Hamilton Fish, Jr. NEW YORK 2. Albert Johnson QUEENS 1. Patrick H. Duffy WAYNE 1. Solomon S. Townsend 2. Timothy D. Sullivan 1. Elliot B. Norris 2. James A. McKenna 3. Percival Farquhar 2. Richard P. Groat 4. Patrick H. Roche RENSSELAER WESTCHESTER 5. Dominick F. MuUaney 1. James M. Riley 1. Charles P. McCleUand 6. Samuel J. Folev 2. Levi E. Worden 2. William 7. Martin T. Mcilahon Ryan 3. John W. McKnight 3. James W. Husted 8. John E. Brodsky RICHMOND 9. Wright Holcomb WYOMING 10. William Sohmer John Cronk I. Sam Johnson 11. William M. Lawrence ROCKLAND TATES 12. Moses Dinkelspiel 13. James H. Soutnworth Frank P. Demarest Everett Brown

328 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

1892 January 5 to April 26

Speaker Robert P. Bush (D) Clerk Charles R. DcFreest Sergeant-at-Arms Michael B. Redmond Doorkeeper Edward A. Moore Stenographer Thomas Hassett ALBANY ESSEX NEW YORK 1. Archer LaGrange Walter D. Palmer 1. Patrick H. Duffv •2. Walter E.Ward -2. Timothy D. fr-^vklin™.vt.-,,v- Sullivan 3. Galen R.Hitt 3. Percival Farquhar 4. John T. Gorman Allen b. Matthews 4 Patrick H. Roche ALLEGANY FULTON AND H.\MiLTON ^- Dominick F. Mullanev M. M. Horace S. Judson Congdon f ItfT^'^'utritjo^Ung GENESEE 8. BROOILE Philip XMssig Charles Newton Reed ^- ^Villiam H. Walker Israel T Devo' 10. ^^ illiam Sohmer GREENE CATTARAUGUS jj William Nichols Hoacr Edward M. Cole 1. William E. Wheeler ]2. Moses Dinkelspiel 2. Solon S. Laing herkimer 13. James H. Southworth Williani Sulzer CAYUGA Henry H. Greene l^ 15. Lewis Urvpolcher 1. Charles Chnton Adams Jefferson 16. Walter G". B\Tne 2. William Leslie Noyes i. Harrison Fuller 1?! Thomas 3. McManus CHAUTiUQU*. 2. Martin L. Willard 18. Daniel F. Martin 1. Walter C. Gifford klxgs H' {f"" ^^."^f"^' a 17 u I «T ju -iO. .Mver J. htem 2. E.f Egbert Woodbury i. Joseph J. Cahill 21. Louis H. Hahlo CHEMUNG 2- ^^llllam J. Plant 2-2. William J. O'Dair ^- James Robert P. Bush Cooney 23. George P. Webster * " Connor - 24. James Lee Wells r„v^^Ai.-n^ T , . 9 CHENANGO 5 John Kellv Charles H. Stanton 6. William E". Shields nl\g.\r.4. CLINTON ' Lonis C. Ott 1. Garwood L. Judd ^- James F. EdwardT?^„„,^ HaUw„ii Quigley 2. Levi Parsons Gillette 9 Laurence E. Malone oneida COLUMBW. 10. Thomas F. B>Tnes Henry L. Warner H- George L. Weed 1- Cornelius Haley 12. Charles A. Conrady 2. Harr\' S. Patten CORTL.VND ^^^"^ .^3 Chester Winfield Porter James H. Tripp G. Henry P. Gould Onondaga • DELAWARE i o . i t t> „ „ LIVINGSTON 1- Patrick J. Ryan James1 R. Cowan Jesse Roberts DUTCHESS 'l' Adaml^]"'^^™'^^'C. Listman MADISON 1 r.k 1 wn, 1 1. Obed Wheeler Ontario Clarence^, -nr Dextert\ ^ 2. JohnA.Vanderwater W MONROE Frank O. Chamberlain

1- Frank M. Jones oR-«ge I. T r-i . T^i1. John J Clahan ^ Richard Curran 1. Howard Thornton 2. Jacob Goldberg 3 ^yUUam H. Denniston 2. W. E. -McCormick J. Edward Gallagher 4. Henry W. Guenther Montgomery orle,u«9 5. Myron H. Clark George J. Gove Adelbert J. McCormick

329 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

OSWEGO SARATOGA TOMPKINS Albert Pierson 1. Nevada N. Stranahan 1. Frank L. Smith Henry Lewis 2. WUbur H. SeUeck 2. Vamey ULSTER OTSEGO SCHENECTADY 1. George M. Brink 1. Charles Goodell M\in J. Quackenbush 2. Jacob Rice 2. Walter L. Brown 3. George H. Bush SCHOHARIE PUTNAM William T. Lamont WARREN WiUiam Henry Ladue Howard Conkling SCHUYLER QUEENS William H. Wait WASHINGTON 1. Solomon S. Townsend 1. Wilham D. Stevenson 2. L. Weeks George SENECA 2. William Raid RENSSELAER William Halsey Kinne WAY-NE 1. James M. Riley STEUBEN 1. W. Brinkerhoff 2. Levi E. Worden George M. Patchin 2. \NTiitcomb 3. John J. Cassin 1. Gordon Flynn 2. Herman E. Buck RICHMOND WESTCHESTER Hubbard R. Yetman SUTFOLK 1. Thomas K. Frazer ROCKIAND James H. Pierson 2. William Ryan Thomas Finegan SULLIVAN WYOMING ST. LAWRENCE George M. Beakes MUo H. Olin 1. R. Malby George TIOGA YATES 2. John C. Keeler Edward G. Everett Brown 3. Lewis C. Lang Tracy

1893 January 3 to April 20

Speaker •^P,'''"°d ^"jl^l" ^^l Charles R. DeFreest Qlg^l^ M. B Redmond Sergeant-^-Anns Edward A. Moore Doorkeeper Thomas Hassett Stenographer

ALBANY CHEMUNG ERIE John M. Diven 1. John J Clahan 1. James Hilton 2. Howard P. Foster chenango | JosethSarl Chan. H. Stanton ; 1 S^S-Swgh° CLINTON 5. &^|rHarry H. Guenther D. Smith ALLEGANY Henry E. Barnard 6. Frank M. Marcus Congdon ^^j^^^j^ j,ssex BROOME Charles A. Bell George R. Stevens Israel T.Deyo cortl.wd franklin CATTARAUGUS James H. Tripp ^ig^ g Matthews Wheeler William E. Delaware ^^^^^ ^ Hamilton CAYUGA DeWittGnffin PhiUp Keck Charles C. Adams dutchess genesee CHAUTAUQUA 1. E. H. Thompson Charles M. Reed E. E. Woodbury 2- John A. VanDewater

330 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

GREENE 14. Daniel F. Martin ROCKLAND 15. Louis James Stead Drypolcher Thomas Finegan 16. Joseph C. Wolff HERKIIIER 17. John Kerrigan ST. LAWRENCE WiUiam C. Prescott 18. Thos. J. !\fcManus George R. Malby 19. Thomas C. O'SuUivan JEFTERSON 20. William H. McKeou S.'k.R.^TOG.*. Harrison Fuller 21. Louis H. Hahlo James Frank Terry 22. Morris KINGS Jacoby SCHENECTADY 23. William Bruce Ellison 1. William J. Plant 24. Fred P. Hummel A. J. Quackenbush 2. John Coonev 25. John Keleher 3. John J. O'Connor SCHOHARIE 26. Louis DaWdson 4. Joseph J. Cahill 27. P. Webster Benjamin H. Avery 5. Hubert G. George Taylor 28. James F. 6. Patrick McGtJwan Reilly SCHUYLER 29. .\rthur C. Butts 7. Thomas F. William H. Wait BjTnes 30. Charles C. Marrin 8. John G. Hennessey SENECA 9. John Kelly N1AGAR.\ 10. William E. Melody Elton T. Ransom Henry Van DeMark 11. William E. Shields 12. Louis C. Ott ONEIDA STEUBEN 13. James F. Quigley 1. Cornelius Haley 1. Gordon M. Patchin 14. Joseph Bender 2. C. W. Porter 2. H. E. Buck 15. H. Dietsch George ONONDAGA SUFFOLK 16. Walter L. Durack 1. Duncan W. Peck Richard 17. Michael E. Finnegan Higbie 2. Jonathan Wvckoff 18. James Graham SULLIVAN 3. William H. Hotaling LEWIS Uriah S. Messiter ONTARIO Hugh Hughes William L. Parkhurst TIOGA LIVINGSTON ORANGE Edward G. Tracy Jesse Roberts 1. Howard Thornton TOMPKINS MADISON 2. Kinsila John Albert H. Pierson Clarence W. Dexter ORLEANS ULSTER MONROE A. J. McCormick 1. Jacob Rice 1. Samuel H. Stone OSWEGO 2. James 2. James M. E. O'Grady Lounsbery Danforth E. Ainsworth 3. William H. Denniston WARREN MONTGOMERY OTSEGO Howard Conklin W'alter L. Brown Edward J. Hand WASHINGTON NEW YORK PUTN.VM William Roscoe Hobbie Hamilton Fish, Jr. 1. Patrick H. Duflv WAYNE 2. Timothy D. Sullivan QUEENS 3. Jacob A. Mittnacht John E. Hough 1. James Robinson 4. Patrick H. Roche WESTCHESTER 2. Samuel W. Searing 5. Samuel J. Foley 3. Solomon S. Townsend 1. Thomas K. Fraser 6. Moses Dinkelspiel 2. Alfred H. Morris 7. Otto Kempner RENSSELAER 3. Edgar L. Ryder 8. William H. Walker 1. William M. Keenan 9. Walter W. Bahan 2. John M. Chambers WYOMING 10. William Sulzer 3. John J. Cassin Milo H. Olin 11. Percival Farquhar 12. Frank A. O'Donnel RICHMOND Y'ATES 13. James H. Southworth Hubbard R. Yetman Morris F. Sheppard

331 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

1894 Janttart 2 TO April 27

Speaker George R. Malby (R) Clerk George W. Dunn Sergeant-at-Arms James H. Manville Doorkeeper Joseph Bauer Stenographer Henry F. Gilson

ALB.WfT FRANKLIN MONTGOMERY

1. William Lasch Alien S. Matthews E. Watson Gardiner 2. William A. CarroU FULTON AND HAillLTON NEW YORK 3. James Brennan Keck 1. John H. 4. Curtis N. Douglas Philip Vehalage GENESEE 2. ]\lichael J. Callahan ALLEGANY 3. Jacob A. Mittnacht B. Tuttle Fred A. Robbins Thomas 4. Patrick H. Roche BROOME GREENE 5. Samuel J. Foley 6. Moses J. H. BrowneU Ira B. Kerr Dinkelspiel 7. John C. Stein HERKIMER CATTARAUGUS 8. Thomas J. O'Donnell Charles W. Terry WilHak C. Prescott 9. John P. McDermott CATUGA JEFFERSON 10. William Sulzer 11. James R. Sheffield W. Wilcox Harrison Fuller Benjamin 12. Edward B. LaFeeta CHAUTAUQUA KINGS 13. James H. Southworth 14. P. S. Fred Nixon 1. William J. Plant John Corrigan 15. 2. John A. Hennessy Adolph Schillinger CHEMUNG 16. Victor J. 3. John F. Houghton Dowling Robert P. Bush 17. Patrick F. Trainer 4. Joseph J. Cahill 18. Gleason CHENANGO 5. John H. Burtis Daniel J. 19. Patrick J. David Sherwood 6. Michael B. Finnegan Kerrigan 20. William H. McKeon 7. James Hughes CLINTON 21. Moses Herrman 8. John J. Cain 22. Michael F. Tobm Everett C. Baker 9. William E. Melody 23. Judson Lawson COLUMBL\ 10. Frank F. Schulz 24. RobertV. Stadtfield 11. Henry Schulz Jacob H. Hoysradt 25. John Keleher 12. Joseph F. Loonan 26. CORTL.^ND 13. Francis E. Clark Louis Davidson 27. Thomas H. Robertson Benjamin F. Lee 14. James Taylor 28. James F. 15. Albert A. Wray ReiUy DELAWARE 29. Arthur C. Butts 16. James Graham 30. Wesley Gould 17. James Scanlon Charles C. Marrm DUTCHESS 18. JuUus L. Wieman NIAGAR.4. 1. Edward H. Thompson LEWIS John H. Clark 2. B. Augustus Gray Mel. W. Van Amber ERIE LrVTNGSTON 1. Henry P. Hoefler 1. Cornelius Coughlin 2. Porter Otto Kelsey Joseph 2. Simon Seibert 3. Charles Braun MADISON ONONDAGA i. J. L. Whittet Lambert B. Kern 1. J. Emmet Wells 5. Philip Gerst MONROE 2. Jonathan Wyckoflf 6. Charles Schoepflin 3. WilUam H. Hotaling 1. Samuel H. Stone ESSEX ONTARIO 2. J. M. E. O'Grady George A. Stevens 3. William H. Denniston William L. Parkhurst

332 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

ORANGE ROCKLAND TIOGA 1. Howard Thornton Otis H. Cutler Epenetus Howe 2. Dean Joseph ST. LAWRENCE TOMPKINS ORLEANS George R. Malby Edwin C. Stewart Samuel W. Smith SAR.\TOGA ULSTER OSWEGO James Frank Terry 1. Harry McNamee Danforth E. Ainsworth SCHENECTADY 2. James Lounsberj- OTSEGO John C. Myers WARREN J. John J. Rider SCHOHARIE Taylor Eldridge Charles WASHINGTON PUTNAM Chapman SCHUYLER William R. Hobble Hamilton Fish George A. Snyder WAYNE QUEENS SENECA S. Hortoo 1. James Robinson George M. Glenn 2. James S. Fairbrother Harry WESTCHESTER 3. Eugene F. Vacheron STEUBEN 1. John C. Harrigan RENSSELAER 1. WilloughbyW.Babcock 2. John Berry 2. Merritt F. Smith 3. Edgar L. Ryder 1. William H. Keenan 2. John M. Chambers SUFFOLK WYOMING 3. John J. Cassin Richard Higbie Reuben J. Tilton RICHMOND SULLIVAN YATES Michael McGuire Uriah S. Messiter A. F. Robson

1895

January 2 to ^L\T 16

Speaker Hamilton Fish (R) Clerk Archie E. Baxter Sergeant-at-Arms Garret J. Benson Doorkeeper Joseph Bauer Stenographer Robert C. Chapin

ALBANY CHEMUNG ERIE B. 1. F. Bloomingdale John Stanchfield l. Cornelius Coughlin 2. James Keenholts chenango 2. Simon Seibert 3. Jacob L Ten Eyck David Sherwood 3. Charles Braun 4. Amos J. Ablett 4. Joseph ^\^lIttet CLINTON ALLEGANY 5. Philip Gerst Willis T. Honsinger 6. Charles F. Fred A. Bobbins Schoepflin COLUMBIA ESSEX ''"° ^'^™" ^^ ^''^'^'^°'" H. BrowneU Albert Weed JosV CORTLAND CATTARAUGUS franklin Wilber Holmes ^ Charles W. Thomas A. Sears Terrv DELAWARE CATCGA fulton and hamh-ton Robert Cartwright Keck Benjamin M. Wilcox dutchess Philip CHAUTAUQUA genesee i_ Edward H. Thompson S. Fred Nbcon 2. Augustus B. Gray Thomas B. Tuttle

333 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

GREENE 14. John P. Corrigan ROCKLAND 15. Seth Wilks Cutler Daniel G. Greene _ Otis H. 16. Charles Steinberg HERKIMER 17. Robert Miller ST. LAWRENCE E. LaGrange Smith 18. Daniel J. Gleason George R. Malby 19. Welton C. Percy JEFFERSON SARATOGA 20. John B. Fitzgerald Harrison Fiiller 21. Howard P. Wilds C. N. McNaughton 22. Mchael F. Tobin KINGS SCHENECTADY 23. Judson Lawson 1. John McKeon 24. Louis H. Bold Thomas W. Winne 2. John A. Hemiessy 25. Stephen S. Blake 3. John F. Houghton SCHOHARIE 26. Harsey T. Andrews 4. Frank J. Gallagher 27. P. W. Reinhard, Jr. Henry Staley 5. John H. Read 28. George W. Hamilton 6. Edward M. Clarkson SCHUYLER 29. Alonzo Bell 7. W. Brush A. George 30. Wilham White Niles Greorge Snyder 8. John J. Cain SENECA 9. Thomas H. Rockwell NIAGARA 10. Frank F. Schulz John H. Clark Harry M. Glenn 11. Harry Schulz ONEIDA STEUBEN 12. John H. Campbell 1. W. W. Babcock 13. Arthur J. Audett 1. Henry P. Hoefler 2. Merritt F. Smith H. Henry E. Abell 2. William Cary Sanger 15. Albert A. Wray ONONDAGA SUFFOLK 16. William H. Friday 1. Charles R. Rodgers Richard 17. James Scanlon Higbie 2. Charles C. Cole 18. Julius L. Wieman SULLIVAN 3. Levi S. Chapman LEWIS Krenrich ONTARIO Henry M. W. Van Amber Walter A. Clark TIOGA LIVINGSTON Howe ORANGE Epenetus Otto Kelsey 1. Louis F. Goodsell TOMPKINS MADISON 2. Joseph Dean Edwin C. Stewart Lambert B. Kern ORLEANS ULSTER MONROE BuUard George 1. W. S. Van Keuren 1. Charles J. Smith OSWEGO 2. James Lounsbery 2. James M. E. O'Grady D. E. Ainsworth 3. W. W. Armstrong WARREN MONTGOMERY OTSEGO Taylor J. Eldridge John J. Rider E. Watson Gardiner WASHINGTON NEW YORK PUTNAM William D. Stevenson Hamilton Fisli 1. Daniel E. Finn WAYNE 2. Thomas J. Berrv QUEENS George S. Hortou 3. Charles S. Adler 1. John P. Madden 4. James A. WESTCHESTER Donnelly 2. James S. Fan-brother 5. Samuel J. Foley 3. E. F. Vacheron 1. J. Ir\-ing Burns 6. Benjamin Hoffman 2. John N. Stewart 7. H. W. Hoops, Jr. RENSSELAER 3. James W. Husted 8. Alfred R. Conkling 1. John T. Norton WYOMING 9. John F. McDermott 2. John M. Chambers 10. Jacob Kunzenman 3. John P. Cole Reuben J. Tiltoa 11. Frank D. Pavey RICHMOND YATES 12. WiUiam Halpin Everett Brown 13. Edward B. LaFetra Mchael Conklin

334 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

1896

Jantjart 1 TO April 30

Speaker Hamilton Fish (R) C^erk ; Archie E. Baxter Sergeani-at-Anns Philip W. Reinhard, Jr. Doorkeeper Joseph Bauer Stenographer H. C. Lammert

ALBANY 4. P. W. Sprini^weiler lewis 1. Robert G. Scherer 5. Charles Braun Jacob S. Koster 2. James Keenholts 6. Christoper Smith 7. L. Steiner Livingston 3. George T. Kelly Heiiry 4. Amos J. Ablett 8. Heman M. Blasdell Otto Kelsey ALLEGANY ESSEX MADISON Fred A. Robbins Albert Weed Lambert B. Kern BROOME FRANKLIN MONROE 1. Joseph H Brownell Thomas Sears 1. Charles J. Smith .. Charles F. Tupper ^,oN anb ha^hlton ^ (yjilL'^.^'arong CATTARAUGUS D. Brown Byron 4. Thomas H. Eddy 1. Charles H. Miller rrMravir Montgomery 2. G. A. Matteson gen^ee Archie D. Sanders Edward L. Schmidt CAYUGA GKEmB new york 1. W.C.Sheldon ^•='^'°° ^"'^^^ 2. Eugene B. Rounds 1- Daniel E. Finn "HERKIMER '^- Thomas J. Barry CHAUTAUQUA «^."=« 3. y/^n^^ jj. Leonard "''^'^'^ "• ispringer 1. Jerome Babcock 4. James A. Donnelly 2. S. Fred Nixon Jefferson 5. George Grwjory 6. A. CHEMUNG 1- Walter Zimmerman Jacob IMGttnacht 2. CorneUus J. Clark 7. Edward W. Hart JohnT^J,n B.R StanchfieldQtn„^t,fioU 8. Charles S. Adler KINGS CHENANGO 9 James F. Maccabe 10. Otto Jotham B. Allds ^agstaff Kempner 2.l' JohnJ^^""^McKeown?.' 11. William H. Gledhill CLINTON 3. Thomas H. Cullen 12. Joseph Schulum *• WiUis T. Honsinger George W. Wilson 13. Patrick F. Trainor 5. Abram C. DeGraw 14. Jacob Fritz coLTOiBL\ 6, ^thur J. Audett 15. Thomas F. Mvers Hugh W. McClellan 7. Fred A. Newman 16. Benjamin Hoffman CORTLAND ^' J''™^ Lennon, Jr. 17. Patrick J. Kerrigan 9. John J. T> „ , Cain 18. Andrew J. Galligan *•P ^- maunders iq. William L. Perkins 19. Albert C. Wilson DELAWARE H. Joseph A. Guider 20. John P. Corrigan 1-- Charles H. Ebbetts 21. C. Austin DeloB H iviackeyMafl-pv George jg q^^.^^ ^ Forrister 22. Daniel W. F. McCoy DUTCHESS 14. John M. Zurn 23. John M. Dehnour 1. John A. Hana 15. Robert J. Rudd 24. John B. Fitzgerald 2. Augustus B. Gray 16- Edward C. Brennan 25. Patrick H. Murphy ™'^ 17. Henry Marshall 26. Patrick J. Andrews 18. George E. Waldo 27. Francis E. Lahnbeer 1. Cornelius Coughlin 19. Frederick Schmid 28. Joseph I. Green 2. Henry W. Hill 20. Fred G. Hughes 29. Samuel G. French 3. A. Benjamin Peever 21. J. A. Livingston 30. George W. Myer, Jr.

335 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

NEW YORK—CONT. PUTNAM SUFFOLK 31. Harvey T. Andrews Hamilton Fish 1. Erastus F. Post 32. Thomas F. Donnelly QUEENS 2. Carl S. Burr, Jr. 33. Ijouis Da\'idson 1. Jacob Stahl SULLIVAN 34. Bernard H. Malone 2. Frederick Storm 35. Arthur C. Butts Uriah S. Messiter 3. Morton Cromwell NIAGARA RENSSELAER TIOGA 1. Henry E. Warner 1. Edward McGraw Daniel P. Wmter 2. Frank A. Dudley 2. John T. Norton TOMPKINS 3. Anderson ONEIDA George Frederick E. Bates 1. Walter Embley RICHMOND ULSTER 2. William Gary Sanger Gustav A. Barth 3. William B. Graves ROCKLAND 1. William S. VanKeuren 2. James ONONDAGA Otis H. Cutler Lounsbery 1. Charles C. Cole ST. LAWRENCE WARREN 2. Charles R. Rodgers 1. Ira C. MUes Taylor J. Eldridge 3. Joseph Bondy 2. Martin V. B. Ives WASHINGTON 4. Edward M. Wells SARATOGA William R. Hobbie ONTARIO C. H. McNaughton Charles A. Steele SCHENECTADY WAYNE ORANGE Thomas W. Winne George S. Horton 1. Louis F. Goodsell SCHOHARIE WESTCHESTER 2. Louis Bedell David Endres 1. John N. Stewart ORLEANS SCHUYLER 2. George L. Carlisle Fred L. Downs Oliver H. Budd 3. James W. Husted OSWEGO SENECA WYOMING 1. Louis B. Taylor William H. Kinne Mortimer N. Cole 2. Thomas M. Costello STEUBEN

OTSEGO 1. James S. Harrison YATES Charles B. Gorham 2. Joel Clark Everett Brown

1897 January 6 to April 24

Speaker James M. E. O'Grady (R) Clerk Archie E. Baxter Sergeant-at-Arms James C. Crawford Doorkeeper Joseph Bauer

Al-BANY CATTARAUGUS CHEMUNG

1. Robert G. Scherer l. Charles H. Miller John H. Holbert 2. James B. McEwen 2. G. A. Matteson chenango 3. George T.KeUy 4. J. D. Leversee caytga Jotham P. AUds ALLEGANY W. C. Sheldon J- ^^^^ Fred Bobbins 2. Eugene B. Rounds A Everett C. Baker BROOME CHAUTAUQUA Columbia 1. Charles E. Fuller 1. Fred R. Peterson 2. Charles F. Tupper 2. S. Fred Nixon Robert Hoes

336 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

CORTLAND 18. George J. Soper NIAGARA F. P. Saunders 19. Frederick Schmid 1. E. Warner 20. Fred G. Henry DELAWARE Hughes 2. Frank A. 21. Henry S. French Dudley Delos H. ONEIDA Mackey LEWIS DUTCHESS 1. George E. Philo John S. Koster 2. William C. 1. John A. Hanna Sanger LIVINGSTON 3. William B. Graves 2. Augustus B. Gray Otto ERIE Kelsey ONONDAGA MADISON 1. William J. Bellen 1. Cornelius Coughlin 2. Edward G. 2. W. Hill Robert J. Fish TenEyck Henry 3. 3. William Joseph Bondv Maloney MONROE 4. Edwin M. 4. William Schneider Wells 1. Merton E. Lewis 5. Charles IJraun ONTARIO 2. J. M. E. 6. Nicholas J. Miller O'Grady 3. William W. Murray Benham 7. Henry L. Steiner jVrmstrong 4. Frederick E. Gott 8. Heman M. Blasdell ORANGE ESSEX MONTGOMERY 1. Louis F. Goodsell Edward L. Schmidt 2. Louis Bedell James H. Pierce NEW YORK ORLEANS FRANKLIN 1. Daniel E. Finn Fred L. Downs Thomas A. Sears 2. Thomas J. Barry FDLTON AND HAMILTON 3. William H. Leonard 4. Patrick H. Roche 1. Lewis P. Byron D. Brown Taylor 5. Richard Van Cott 2. Thomas M. Costello GENESEE 0. P. Sullivan Timothy OTSEGO Archie D. Sanders 7. Edward W. Hart 8. Charles Charles B. Gorham GREENE S. Adler 9. James F. Maccabe PDTN.\M Newton Sweet 10. Jeremiah J. Sullivan Emerson W. Addis HERKIMER 11. William H. Gledhill 12. Schulum QUEENS Oliver H. Springer Joseph 13. Patrick F. Trainor 1. Thomas F. JEFFERSON 14. Jacob Fritz Kennedy 2. H. S. McKnight 1. 15. Thomas F. Walter Zimmerman Myers 3. Morton Cromwell 2. Cornelius J. Clark 16. Benjamin Hoffman 17. John A. RENSSELAER KINGS Dempsev 18. John F. Dalev 1. Edward McGraw 1. Thomas H. Wagstaff 19. Robert Mazet 2. William Hutton, Jr. 2. John McKeown 20. John P. Corrigan 3. George Anderson 3. Thomas H. Cullen 21. C. Austin George RICHMOND 4. George W. Wilson 22. Daniel D. Tocher 5. John C. Knaup 23. Richard GiUeland George Garby 6. Edward R. M. Roehr 24. John B. Fitzgerald ROCKLAND 7. George H. Parshall 25. Patrick H. Murphy Fred L. 8. James Lennon, Jr. 26. Patrick J. Andrews Whritner 9. John J. Cain 27. Francis E. Laimbeer ST. LAWRENCE 10. William L. Perkins 28. L. Green Joseph 1. Ira C. Miles 11. Lucien S. Bavliss 29. Lawrence E. Brown 2. M. V. B. Ives 12. Henry E. Abell 30. George W. Myer, Jr. 13. Orrion L. Forrister 31. Harvey T. Andrews S.^RATOGA 14. John M. Zurn 32. Thomas F. Donnelly G. W. Kavanaugh 15. Joseph Murray 33. James P. Degnan 16. Edward C. Brennan 34. P. W. Reinhard, Jr. SCHENECTADY 17. Henry Marshall 35. Dougla-s Matthewson Thomas W. Winne

337 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

SCHOHARIE TIOGA WATNE George M. Palmer Daniel P. Witter George S. Horton SCHirS-LEB TOMPKINS WESTCHESTER Oliver H. Budd Fred E. Bates 1. Alfred E. Smith SENECA ULSTER 2. R. S. Emmet, Jr. Harry M. Glen 1. William S. Van Kem'an 3. James W. Husted 2. Harcourt J. Pratt STEUBEN WTOIIING 1. James S. Harrison WARREN Mortimer N. Cole 2. Joel Clark Taylor J. Eldridge SULLIVAN WASHINGTON TATES G. M. McLaughlin William R. Hobbie Miles W. Raplee

1898 Jantjary 5 TO March 31

Speaker James M. E. O'Grady (R) Clerk Archie E. Baxter Sergeard-at-Arms James C. Crawford

ALBANY COLUMBIA GREENE

1. William L. Robert Hoes Coughtry Sylvester B. Sage 2. James B. McEwan CORTLAND 3. George T. KeUy HERKIMER 4. W. Stedman D. W. Van Hoesen George E. LaGrange Smith ALLEGANY DELAWARE JEFFERSON Delos Axtell A. W. Litchard 1. Walter Zimmerman DUTCHESS BROOME 2. Cornelius J. Clark \. John A. Hanna 1. Charles E. Fuller 2. WiUiam A. Tripp 2. Edgar L. Vincent ERIE \. Henry S. Griggs CATTARAUGUS 2. John McKeown 1 Anthony J. Poland A. 3. Thomas H. Cullen 1. George Stoneman o W. Hill Henry 4. Da\'id S. Davis 2. G. A. Matteson 3 WiUiam Maloney 5. Abram C. DeGraw 4, John C. CAYUGA Mohring 6. William R. McGuire Henry Streifler Dutton 7. F. P. GaUarfier 1. Ehas Q. Nicholas J. Miller 8. Thomas J. Farrell 2. George S. Fordyce John K. Patton 9. John J. Cain E. Freeman Baker CHAUTAUQUA 10. Samuel M. Hubbard

1. Fred R. Peterson ESSEX 11. Joseph A. Guider 12. Charles C. Schoeneck 2. S. Fred Nixon James H. Pierce 13. Bartley J. Wright CHEMUNG FRANKLIN 14. August F. Schmid John H. Holbert Thomas A. Sears 15. Harry H. Dale 16. Edward C. Brennan CHENANGO FULTON AND HAMILTON 17. Henry Marshall Jotham p. Allds Daniel Hays 18. George Tiffany 19. Frederick Schmidt CLINTON GENESEE 20. Otto Wicke Edmund J. Pickett John J. Ellis 21. John E. Reisert OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

LEWIS SARATOGA

Addison L. Clark 1. Dow Vroman George W. Kavanaugh 2. Henry S. Tompkins LIVINGSTON SCHENECTADY ONEID.\ John C. Otto Kelsey Myers 1. John Williams SCHOHARIE MADISON 2. Louis M. Martin 3. John E. Mason George M. Palmer Robert J. Fish ONONDAGA SCHUYLER MONROE Charles A. Sloan 1. William G. Cottle 1. James B. Perkins 2. Edward G. TenEyck SENECA 2. James M. E. O'Grady 3. Joseph Bondy 3. William W. W. V. Van Rensselaer .Vrmstrong 4. John T. Delaney 4. Jacob S. Haight STEUBEN ONTARIO MONTGOMERY 1. Edward D. Cross Robert B. Simmons 2. Hyatt C. Hatch Richard Mnrpliy ORANGE SUFFOLK NEW YORK 1. Louis F. Goodsell 1. Erastus F. Post 2. Daniel P. 1. Daniel E. Finn Shultz 2. Carll S. Burr, Jr.

'2. James Oliver ORLEANS 3. D. F. Mullanv 4. Patrick II. Roche 5. William Asfor Chanler 6. T. P. Sullivan 7. John F. Mahar 8. Charles S. Adler 9. N. Taylor Phillips 10. Julius Ilarburger 11. John J. O'Connor hi. Joseph Schulura 13. Patrick E. Traiuor 14. Jacob Fritz 15. Thomas Smith 16. Benjamin Hoffman 17. John F. Brennan 18. Charles P. Dillon 19. Solomon C. Weill 20. Cornelius F. Collins 21. Thomas J. Murray 22. H. Hachemeister 23. Mark J. Lowenthal 24. John B. Fitzwrald 25. John A. Weekes, Jr. 26. Charles S. Sinsheimer 27. F. E. Laimbeer 28. Joseph I. Green 29. Alfred F. Seligsberg 30. George W. ^I\•er, Jr. 31. Albert E. Crabtree 32. Thomas F. Donnelly 33. John J. Egan 34. L. W. Redington 35. Richard H. MitcheU OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

1899 January i to April 28

Speaker S. Fred Nixon (R) Clerk Archie E. Baxter Sergeant-at-Arms James C. Crawford

ALBANY 6. Michael J. Kane LmNGsxoN 7. John K. Patton 1. William L. Coughtry Qtto Kelsey 2. James B. McEwan 8. E. Freeman Baker alîson 3. George T. Kellv .ssf^ 4. M. ^°^^''' J" ^'^'^ Henry' Sage"° Ôrlando, a Beedev, a ALLEGANY MONROE franklin i. Merton Lewis Al. W. Litchard E Thomas A. Seers 2. A. J. Rodenbeck BROOME 3. Richard Gardiner fulton and hajhlton 1. James T. Rogers 4. Benjamin F. Gleason 2. Edgar L. Vincent Daniel Hays Montgomery CATTARAUGUS GENESEE Richard Mm'phy 1. George A. Stoneman John J. Ellis new tork 2. Albert T. Fancher ^^^^^ 1 D^î^l g. Finn James A Rierdon CAYUGA D. Geroe Greene 3.| Michael T 1. EUas Q. Dutton Sharkey herkimer 4. Patrick H. Roche 2. George S. Fordyce ^- Nelson H. Henry Erwin"^""^ E^- -^^'"^^Kellev CHAUTAUQUA 6. Thn. P. Sulhvan 1. J. Samuel Fowler Jefferson 7. John F. Maher 8. Adier 2. S. Fred Nixon 1. Morgan Bryan Charles S. 9- N. CHEMUNGr-HfiifTTMn 2. Charles O. Roberts Taylor PhiUips JO j^Yius Harburger Da\nd N. Heller kings 11. John J. O'Connor CHENANGO 1- William L. Sandford 12. Leon Sanders 2. John McKeown 13. Patrick F. Trainer T n, „ T> AlldsAMJ Jotham P. u. Louis Meister ^ j^^^^ j ivj<,i„g^„gy CLINTON 4. Charles H. Cotton 15. James E. Smith 16. Hoffman Edmund J. Pickett 5. Abram C. DeGraw Benjamin 6. Val. J. Riedman 17. John F. Brennan COLUMBIA 7. F. p. Gallagher 18. Charles P. Dillon Lester J. Bashford 8. Thomas J. Farrell 19. Robert Mazet 9. John J. Cain 20. CorneUus F. Collins CORTLAND j^ gj^^^j ^ (.^jj;^^ 2^ Edward H. FaUows S. Sands George ^ Joseph A. Guider 22. Joseph Baum DELAWARE 12. Charles C. Schoeneck 23. Thomas A. Mangin

A . 24. John B. , 13. Siems Fitzgerald Delosr, Ax-tell., George ^^ ^^^^^^ ^ g^j^^.^ 25 Frederick A. Ware DUTCHESS 15. Charles Juengst 26. John J. O'Connell 27. Gherardi Davis 1. John T. Smith 16- Edward C. Brennan 17. Harris Wilson 28. I. Green 2! WiUiam A. Tripp^^ Joseph 18. Henry A. Ball 29. Frank Bulkley ERIE 19. Frederick Schmid 30. George W. Myer, Jr. 1. Anthony J. Boland 20. Joseph Wingenfeld 31. Samuel S. Slater 2. Henry W. Hill 21. Herman H. Torborg 32. John Poth, Jr. 3. Anthony P. Barrett 33. John J. Egan lewis 4. John C. Mohring 34. l. W. Redington 5. Henrv Streifler Addison L. Clark 35. George J. Grossman

340 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

QUEENS SUFFOLK 1. Jolin T. Darrison 1. Charles C. Wissel 1. Joseph N. Hallock i. Jay S. Rowe 2. Cyrus B. Gale 2. Regis II. Post 3. George B. Doughty ONEIDA SULLIVAN RENSSELAER 1. William J. Sullivan Clarence A. Sprague 1. Benjamin O. Brewster '2. Louis M. Martin '2. William Hutton, Jr. TIOGA 3. John E. Mason 3. Michael Uussell Daniel P. Witter ONONDAGA OFFICIAL NEW YORK FBOM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

CORTLAND LEWIS ONEIDA George S. Sands John L. Smith 1. William J. Sullivan 2. Louis M. Martin DELAWARE LIVINGSTON 3. Edward M. Marson Delos Axtell Otto Kelsey DUTCHESS ONONDAGA MADISON 1. Edward V. Baker 1. John T. Smith Robert J. Fish 2. William Herrick 2. William A. Tripp 3. Abraham Z. Hyman ERIE MONROE 4. John T. Delaney 1. Merton E. Lewis 1. John H. Bradley A. ONTARIO 2. Henry W. Hill 2. J. Rodenbeck 3. Richard 3. George Geoghan Gardiner Jean L. Burnett 4. WilUam Metzler 4. Benjamin F. Gleason ORANGE 5. Henry Streifler MONTGOMERY 1. James G. Graham 6. Nicholas J. Miller 2. Louis Bedell 7. John K. Patton Alphonso Walrath 8. Elijah Cook NEW TOHK ORLEANS ESSEX William W. 1. Michael Halpin Phipps Orlando Beede 2. James A. Rierdon OSWEGO 3. Michael T. Sharkey FRANKLnC " 1. Thomas D. Lewis 4. Patrick H. Roche Halbert D. Stevens 2. Thomas M. Costello 5. Nelson H. Henry FULTON AND HAMILTON 6. T. P. Sullivan OTSEGO William Harris 7. John F. Maher Andrew R. Smith 8. Isador Cohn GENESEE PUTNAM 9. N. Taylor Phillips John J. Ellis 10. Julius Harburger William W. Everett 11. John J. O'Connor HERKIMER QUEENS 12. Leon Sanders Erwin E. Kelley 13. Patrick F. Trainor 1. Charles C. Wissel JEFFERSON 14. Louis Meister 2. C>Tus B. Gale 1. Morgan Bryan 15. James E. Smith QUEENS AND NASSAU 2. Charles O. Roberts 16. Samuel Prince W. 17. James J. George Doughty KINGS Fitzgerald 18. Charles P. D'Hon RENSSELAER 1. John Hill Morgan 19. Perez M. Stewart 1. Hugh Galbraith 2. John McKeown 20. C. Henrj' Honeck 2. John F. Ahern 3. James J. Mclnernev " 21. E. H. Fallows 3. Michael Russell 4. Charles H. Cotton 22. Joseph Baum 5. Abram C. DeGraw 23. Maurice M. Minton RICHMOND 6. John Har\'ey Waite 24. John B. Fitzgerald George Metcalf 7. John D. Holsten 25. John A. Weekes, Jr. 8. J. Farrell ROCKLAND Thomas 26. John J. O'Connell 9. John J. Cain 27. Gherardi Davis Frank P. Demarest 10. Charles E. Fiske 28. Joseph I. Green 11. A. Guider ST. L.^WRENCE Joseph 29. M. II. Ryttenberg 12. Frank J. 1. Charles S. Plank Price 30. Samuel F. Hyman 13. Siems 2. A. Babcock George 31. Samuel S. Slater Benjamin 14. Thomas P. Hawkins 32. John Poth, Jr. S.WtATOGA 15. Charles Juengst 33. John J. Egan H. West 16. George Edward C. Brennan 34. John J. Scanlon 17. Harris Wilson 35. William E. Morris SCHENECTADY 18. Jacob D. Rensem Andrew J. McMillan NIAGARA 19. Conrad Hasenflug SCHOHARIE 20. William F. Delaney 1. John T. Darrison 21. Joseph H. Adams 2. Jav S. Rowe Daniel D. Frisbie

342 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES aCHUTLER OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

LEWIS SCHENECTADT John L. Smith 1. INIichael J. McQuade Andrew J. McMillan 2. Fred J. BriU LIVINGSTON 3. Edward M. Marson SCHOHARIE Daniel Frisbie Otto Kelsey ONONDAGA

1. Edward V. Baker SCHUYLER 2. Frederick D. Traub Dim T. Nye 1. Merton E. Lewis 3. Martin L. Cadin 2. J. Rodenbeck Adolph 4. Fred W. Hammond SENECA 3. Richard Gardiner 4. Isaac W. Salyerds ONTARIO John Kaiser, Jr. 1. Jean L. Burnett MONTGOMERY STEUBEN ORANGE 1. Frank C. Piatt Alphonso Wabath 1. John Orr 2. Hyatt C. Hatch NEW YORK 2. Louis BedeU SUFFOLK 1. Michael Halpin ORLEANS 1. Joseph N. Hallock 2. James A. Rierdon WUliam W. 2. George A. Robinson 3. Wauhope Lymi Phillips 4. Wilham H. Bm-ns OSWEGO SULLIVAN 5. Nelson H. Henry 1. Thomas D. Lewis 6. Timothy P. Snllivan Edwin R. Dusinbery 2. Thomas M. CosteUo 7. James E. Duross 8. Adler TIOGA Charles S. OTSEGO 9. Wilham H. Wilson Edwin S. Hanford 10. Julius Harburger Andrew R. Smith 11. Michael J. Dempsey PTTTNAM TOMPKINS 12. Leon Sanders Benn Conger 13. Richard S. Reilley Wilham W. Everett 14. Louis Meister ULSTER 15. James E. Smith QUEENS 16. Samuel Prince 1. Luke A. Keenan 1. Robert A. Snyder 2. Solomon P. Thorn 17. James J. Fitzgerald 2. Eugene F. Vacheron 18. George P. Richter 19. Julius H. Seymour QUEENS AND NASSAU WARREN 20. C. Honeck Henry George W. Doughty Charles H. Hitchcock 21. William S. Bennet 22. Joseph Baum RENSSELAER WASHINGTON 23. Wilham H. Smith 1. Hugh Galbraith Samuel B. Erwin 24. Leo P. Ullmann 2. John F. Ahem 25. John A. Weekes, Jr. 3. Charles W. Reynolds WAYNE 26. John J. O'Connell 27. Gherardi Davis RICHMOND Frederick W. Griffith 28. John T. Dooling Cahin D. VanName 29. Hal Bell WESTCHESTER 30. Samuel F. Hyman ROCKLAND 1. WiUiam C. Mains 31. Arthur L. Sherer 2. Alford W. Cooley 32. John Poth George Dickey 3. James K. Apgar 33. John J. Egan ST. LAWRENCE 34. John J. Scanlon WYOMING 35. Henry Bruckner 1. Charles S. Plank Charles J. Gardner 2. Benjamin A. Babcock NIAGARA SARATOGA YATES 1. John T. Darrison K. Mansfield Fred U. Swarts 2. John H. Leggett William

344 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

1902

Jantjary 1 TO March 27

Speaker . .S. Fred Nixon (R)

Clerk. . . . . Archie E. Baxter ALBANY ESSEX MONROE 1. William L. Coughtry James M. Graeff 1. Martin Davis 2. Abram S. (^ooii 2. George H. Smith 3. J. FR.\NKLIN Robert Higgins 3. Richard Gardiner 4. Thomas G. Ross Halbert D. Stevens 4. Isaac W. Salyerds ALLEGANY FULTON AND HAMILTON

Jesse S. Phillips Clarence W. Smith MONTGOMERY BROOME GENESEE John W. Candee 1. James T. Rogers Samuel P. Hooker 2. Fred E. Allen NEW YORK GREENE CATTARAUGUS 1. Thomas F. Baldwin William W. Rider 2. P. Bourke 1. Mvron E. Fisher Joseph 3. J. Barrett 2. Albert T. Fancher HERKIMER Anthonv 4. William" H. Burns Samuel M. Allston CAYUGA 5. Edward R. Finch 1. Ernest G. Treat JEFFERSON 6. Harry E. Oxford 2. Charles J. Hewitt 7. E. Duross 1. Lewis W. Day James 8. Charles S. Adler CHAUTAUQUA 2. James A. Outterson 9. James A. Allen 1. J. Samuel Fowler 10. J. F. McCullough 2. S. Fred Nixon 1. John Hill Morgan 11. Clarence McAdam CHEMUNG 2. John McKeown 12. Leon Sanders 3. James J. Charles H. Knipp Mclnerney 13. Richard S. Reilley 4. Charles H. Cotton 14. W. Doll CHENANGO Henry 5. George Langhorst 15. James E. Smith Jotham P. Allds 6. Simon Ash 16. Samuel Prince CLINTON 7. Peter J. Lallv 17. J. J. Fitzgerald 8. John C. L. 18. P. Richter John F. O'Brien Oaly George 9. William P. Fitzpatrick 19. Julius Seymour COLUMBIA 10. John Rainev 20. J. H. Fitzpatrick Elbert Payne 11. Waldo R. Blackwell 21. William S. Bennet 12. Howard L. 22. William F. Meeks CORTLAND Woody 13. James M. Manee 23. Josiah T. Newcomb Henry A. Dickinson 14. John B. Ferre 24. Leo P. Ulhnann DELAWARE 15. Harry H. Dale 25. John A. Weekes, Jr. James R. Cowan 16. Gustavus C. Weber 26. Myron Sulzberger 17. Harris Wilson 27. Gherardi Davis DUTCHESS 18. Jacob D. Remsen 28. John T. Dooling 1. John T. Smith 19. John Wolf 29. Bainbridge Colby 2. Francis G. Landon 20. William H. Pendry 30. G. A. Litthauer ERIE 21. Joseph H. Adams 31. Arthur L. Sherer 32. Matthew F. Neville 1. John H. Bradley LEWIS 33. John J. 2. Edward R. O'Malley Egan Lewis H. Stiles 34. John J. Scanlon 3. Anthony F. Burke 4. William Schneider LIVINGSTON 35. Franklin Grady 5. Charles F. Brooks Otto Kelsey NIAGARA 6. George Ruehl 7. John K. Patton MADISON 1. John T. Darrison 8. Elijah Cook Avery M. Hoadley 2. John H. Leggett

345 OFFICIAL NEW YOEK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

ONEIDA RENSSELAER SUFFOLK

1. Michael J. McQuade 1. John M. Chambers 1. Willis A. Reeve 2. Fred J. Brill 2. John F. Ahern 2. George A. Robinson 3. Edward M. Marson 3. Charles W. Reynolds SULLIVAN ONONDAGA RICHMOND E. R. Dusinbery 1. James F. Williams F. C. Townsend TIOGA 2. Frederick D. Traub Edwin S. Hanford 3. Martin L. Cadin ROCKLAND 4. Fred W. Hammond TOMPKINS George Dickey ONTARIO George E. Monroe Burnett ST. LAWRENCE Jean L. ULSTER 1. Charles S. Plank ORANGE 1. Robert A. 2. Edwin A. Merritt, Jr. Snyder 1. John Orr 2. Sands Haviland 2. Bedell SARATOGA Louis WARREN K. Mansfield ORLEANS William James L. Fuller William W. Phipps SCHENECTADY WASHINGTON OSWEGO Andrew J. McMillan WilHam H. Hughes 1. Thomas D. Lewis WAYNE 2. Thomas M. Costello SCHOHARIE Frederick W. Griffith OTSEGO George M. Palmer John B. Conkling SCHUYLER WESTCHESTER 1. John J. Sloane PUTNAM Olin T. Nye 2. J. M. Wainwright John R. Yale SENECA 3. James K. Apgar QUEENS Daniel W. Moran WYOMING 1. Luke A. Keenan Henry J. McNair 2. Francis X. Duer STEUBEN YATES QUEENS AND NASSAU 1. Frank C. Piatt R. Bordwell George W. Doughty 2. Gordon M. Patchin Ernest

1903

Jantjary 7 TO April '.

.S. Fred Nixon Speaker . (R)

. . E. Baxter Clerk. . . Archie

ALBANY CATrAR.\UGUS CHEMUNG Moreland 1. Charles W. Mead 1. Theodore Hayden Sherman 2. Abram S. Coon 2. James C. Sheldon 3. William V. Cooke CHENANGO 4. William J. Grattan Edgar A. Pearsall ALLEGANY 1. Ernest G. Treat 2. Charles J. Hewitt CLINTON Jesse S. Phillips H. Wallace Knapp CHAUTAUQUA COLUMBIA 1. James T. Rogers 1. J. Samuel Fowler 2. Fred E. Allen 2. S. Fred Nixon Edward W. Sconll

346 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

CORTLAND 18. Jacob D. Remsen NIAGAR.\ 19. John Wolf Henry Dickinson 1. Joseph M. Hoffman 20. Louis J. Zettler 2. John H. Leggett DEL.\WARE 21. Edward A. Miller James R. Cowan ONEIDA LEWIS 1. Thomas A. Mortimer DUTCHESS Lewis H. Stiles 2. Fred J. Brill 1. John T. Smith LIVINGSTON 3. John C. Evans 2. Francis G. Landon William Y. Robinson ONONDAGA ERIE MADISON 1. Jame.s F. Williams 1. John H. Bradley 2. Frederick D. Traub Avery W. Hoadley 2. Robert L. Cox 3. Martin L. Cadin 3. Anthony F. Burke MONROE 4. Fred W. Hammond 4. Charles V. Lynch 1. Martin Davis 5. Charles W. Hinson ONTARIO 2. George H. Smith 6. Ruehl Jean L. Burnett George 3. Eugene J. Dwver 7. John K. Patton 4. John Pallace, Jr. ORANGE 8. Elijah Cook MONTGOMERY 1. John Orr ESSEX John W. Candee 2. Louis Bedell James M. Graefif NEW YORK ORLEANS FRANKLIN Charles S. 1. Andrew J. Bridgeman Halbert D. Stevens Doyle 2. Joseph P. Bourke OSWEGO FULTON AND HAMILTON 3. D. F. Mullaney 1. Thomas D. Lewis 4. Wilham H. Burns Clarence W. Smith 2. Thomas M. Costello 5. Edward R. Finch GENESEE (i. Harrv E. Oxford OTSEGO S. Hooker 7. Peter P. Percy Sherry John B. Conkling GREENE 8. Isidor Colin 9. Richard J. Butler PUTNAM Charles E. Nichols 10. J. F. McCullough John R. Yale 11. Dolan HERKIMER Hugh QUEENS 12. Edward Rosenstein Samuel M. Allston 1. Sullivan 13. John C. Hackett Joseph 2. Francis X. Duer JEFFERSON 14. Henry W. Doll 1. William A. Denison 15. Thomas J. McManus QUEENS AND NASSAU 2. James A. Outterson 16. Samuel Prince 17. John F. Curry KINGS RENSSELAER 18. George P. Richter 1. John Hill Morgan 19. Charles F. Bostwick 1. John M. Chambers 2. John McKeown 20. J. H. Fitzpatrick 2. John J. McCarthy 3. James J. Mclnerney 21. Frederick E. Wood 3. Charles W. Reynolds 4. J. E. Bullmnkel 22. William H. Hornidge RICHilOND 5. F. C. Metcalfe 23. E. J. McCarthy Charles J. McCormack 6. Frank J. Ulrich 24. Leo P. LHlmann 7. William Keegan 25. Howard Conkling ROCKLAND 8. John C. L. Daly 26. Myron Sulzberger Thomas Finegan 9. James J. Kehoe 27. George B. Agnew ST. LAWRENCE 10. Francis J. Byrne 28. John T. Dooling 1. Charles S. Plank 11. William S. Shanahan 29. George B. Clark 12. John F. Kearney 30. G. A. Litthauer 2. Edwin A. Merritt 13. Thomas F. Mathews 31. Lewis A. Abrams SARATOGA 14. John B. Ferre 32. Matthew F. Neville George H. Wliitney 15. Harrv H. Dale 33. James O. Farrell 16. G. C. Weber 34. William J. Ellis SCHENECTADY 17. Edward C. Dowling 35. Peter J. Everett William W. Wemple

347 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

SULLIVAN WASHINGTON SCHOHARIE John F. Simpson William H. Hughes George M. Palmer WAYNE SCHUYLER TIOGA Addison P. Smith Olin T. Nye Edwin S. Hanford WESTCHESTER SENECA TOMPKINS 1. John J. Sloane Daniel W. Moran George E. Monroe 2. J. M. Wainwright 3. James P. STEUBEN ULSTER Apgar 1. Frank C. Piatt 1. Charles T. Coutant WYOMING 2. Gordon M. Patchin 2. Solomon P. Thorn Henry J. McNair SUFFOLK WARREN YATES 1. Willis A. Reeve C. 2. Orlando Hubbs Loyal L. Davis Cyrus Harvey

1904 January 6 to April 15

.S. Fred Nixon Speaker . (R)

. . Archie E. Baxter Clerk. . . ALBANY COLUMBIA GREENE E. Nichols 1. Charles W. Mead Edward W. ScovUl Charles 2. Abram S. Coon CORTLAND HERKIMER 3. Ellsworth Carr A. Dickinson Abram B. Steele 4. William J. Grattan Henry DELAWARE ALLEGANY JEFFERSON James R. Cowan 1. William A. Denison Jesse S. Phillips DUTCHESS 2. J. Frank Larue BROOME 1. John T. Smith KINGS 1. James T. Rogers 2. Robert W. Chanler 1. Thomas O'Neill '2. Fred E. Allen ERIE 2. John McKeown CATTARAUGUS P. 1. Charles J. Quinn 3. Thomas Reilly 4. E. BuUwinkel 1. Theodore Hayden 2. Robert L. Cox J. C. Metcalfe 2. James C. Sheldon 3. Anthony F. Burke 5. F. V. 6. Frank J. Uhich CAYUGA 4. Charles Lynch 5. Charles F. Brooks 7. William Keegan 1. J.W. 8. John C. L. Hapeman 6. George Ruehl Daly 2. J. Hewitt Charles 7. John K. Patton 9. James Kehoe 10. Frank H. Cothren CHAUTAUQUA 8. Elijah Cook 11. William S. Shanahan 1. Arthur C. Wade ESSEX 12. Oscar L. Thonet 2. S. Fred Nixon James M. Graefi 13. Thomas F. Mathews CHEMUNG FRANKLIN 14. John B. Ferre 15. Harry H. Dale Sherman Moreland Charles R. Matthews 16. Richard C. Perry CHENANGO FULTON AND HAMILTON 17. Edward C. Dowling 18. Jacob D. Remsen Edgar A. Pearsall Frank C. Wood 19. John Wolf CLINTON GENESEE 20. Louis J. Zettler H. Wallace Knapp Samuel P. Hooker 21. Edward A. Miller

348 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

LEWIS SCHENECTADY H. E. Slocum 1. G. F. Thompson William W. Wemple 2. J. H. Leggett LIVINGSTON SCHOHARIE William Y. Robinson ONEIDA George M. Palmer 1. Thomas Mortimer 1U.DIS0N 2. Jav H. Pratt SCHUYLER Robert J. Fish 3. John C. Evans Olin T. Nye MONROE ONONDAGA SENECA 1. Martin Davis 1. Frank X. Wood 2. Charles E. Ogden 2. Edward Schoeneck John F. Crosby 3. Charles E. Callahan 3. Martin L. Cadin STEUBEN 4. John Pallace, Jr. 4. Fred W. Hammond 1. Frank C. Piatt MONTGOMERY ONTARIO 2. Jerry E. B. Santee William B. Charles Jean L. Burnett SUFFOLK NASSAU ORANGE 1. Willis A. Reeve William W. Cocks 1. John Orr 2. Orlando Hubbs 2. Louis Bedell YORK NEW SULLIVAN 1. Thomas B. Caughlan ORLEANS John F. Simpson 2. Alfred E. Smith C. S. Bridgeman 3. J. Barrett Anthony TIOGA 4. William H. Bm'ns OSWEGO 5. Edward R. Finch 1. Thomas D. Lewis Edwin S. Hanford 6. Charles Anderson 2. F. G. Whitney 7. Peter P. Sherry TOMPKINS B. OTSEGO 8. E. Siegelste'in George E. Monroe 9. Patrick H. Bird John B. Conkling 10. William Sohmer ULSTER 11. Dolan PUTN.WVI Hugh 1. Charles T. Coutant 12. E. Rosenstein John R. Yale 2. W. D. 13. John C. Hackett Cunningham QUEENS 14. Albert C. Wigand WARREN 15. Thomas J. McManus 1. Joseph Sullivan IG. Samuel Prince 2. William A. DeGroot Loyal L. Davis 17. John F. Currj' 3. William W. Cocks 18. George P. Richter WASHINGTON F. Bostwick RENSSELAER 19. Charles James S. Parker 20. P. L. Fitzsimons 1. F. L. Stevens 21. Joseph H. Adams 2. William V. Donovan WAYNE 22. W. H. Hornidge 3. C. A. Gardner P. 23. J. T. Newcomb Addison Smith 24. John F. Carew RICHMOND WESTCHESTER 25. Ezra P. Prentice George Bectel 26. ("harles Leopold 1. George N. Rigby 27. George B. Agnew ROCKU\ND 2. J. M. Wainwright 28. E. S. Cahn Matthew Hurd 3. James K. Apgar 29. F. E. Perham ST. LAWRENCE 30. G. A. Litthauer WYOMING 31. Ernest H. Wallace 1. Charles S. Plank Elnier E. Charles 32. Julius Brosen 2. E. A. Merritt, Jr. 33. James O. Farrell YATES 34. William J. Ellis SARATOGA 35. Peter Everett G. H. Whitnev Cyrus C. Harvey

349 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES i

1905 Jantjary 4 TO May 5

Speaker . .S. Fred Nixon (R)

Clerk. . . . . Archie E. Baxter

ALBANY 6. F. W. Standart LIVINGSTON 7. John K. Patton 1. Charles W. Mead J. W. Wadsworth, Jr. 8. L. J. Shuttleworth 2. Abram S. Coon MADISON 3. WiUiam V. Cooke ESSEX 4. Wilham J. Grattan Robert J. Fish Frank C. Hooper ALLEGANY MONROE FRANKLIN 1. Dewitt C. Becker Jesse S. Phillips Charles R. Matthews 2. Charles E. Ogden BEOOME 3. Charles E. Callahan FULTON AND HAMILTON 1. James T. Rogers 4. Albert P. Beebe 2. Fred E. Allen Frank C. Wood MONTGOMERY cattahatigus GENESEE William B. Charles E. Smith 1. Jasper S. Percy Hooker NEW YORK 2. James C. Sheldon GREENE 1. Thomas B. Caughlan CATUGA 2. Alfred E. Smith William C. Brady 1. J. W. Hapeman 3. Richard J. Malloy 2. J. Guernsey Allen HERKIMER 4. William H. Burns 5. Leshe J. CHAUTA'UQnA Abram B. Steele Tompkins 6. Charles Anderson 1. Arthur C. Wade JEFFERSON 7. Peter P. Sherry 2. S. Fred Nixon 1. Albert Foster 8. Louis Freidel CHEMUNG 2. J. Frank La Rue 9. Patrick H. Bird Sherman Moreland 10. Frederick J. Etzel KINGS 11. John J. Sammon CHENANGO 1. Thomas O'Neill 12. Edward Rosenstein Charles L. Carrier 2. John McKeown 13. John C. Hackett 3. Thomas P. Reilly 14. Albert C. Wiegand CLINTON 4. Charles H. Cotton 15. Thomas J. McManus H. Wallace Knapp 5. Otto G. Foelker 16. Gustave Hartman 6. Charles J. Dodd 17. M. J. COLtTMBLi Sheehy 7. Michael J. Grady 18. Edward B. La Fetra Edward W. Sco\'ill 8. James A. Thompson 19. Mervin C. Stanley CORTLAND 9. James J. B>Tne 20. P. L. Fitzsimons 10. Charles F. 21. William Charles O. Newton iVIurphy Young 11. W. S. Shanahan 22. William H. Hornidge DELAWARE 12. Oscar L. Thonet 23. Richard H. Smith James R. Cowan 13. Thomas F. Matthews 24. James J. Nugent 14. G. W. Kavenaugh 25. Ezra P. Prentice DUTCHESS 15. Harry H. Dale 26. M. J. Machacek 1. John T. Smith 16. Richard C. Perry 27. George B. Agnew 2. Augustus B. Gray 17. E. C. Dowling 28. Emanuel S. Cahn 18. Charles H. Fuller 29. Frederic E. Perham ERIE 19. John Wolf 30. Robert F. Wagner 1. Charles J. Quinn 20. William H. Pendry 31. Joseph Beihilf 2. Robert Lynn Cox 21. Charles H. Francisco 32. Leopold Prince 3. F. S. 33. John J. Salomon Burzynski LEWIS 4. William C. Tenjost 34. William J. Ellis 5. Charles F. Brooks H. E. Slocum 35. Peter J. Everett

350 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAXD TO HUGHES

QTTEENS AND NASSAU SXTFTOLK 1. G. F. Thompson William G. MiUer 1. Willis A. Reeve 2. John H. Leggett i. Orlando Hubbs RENSSEL.VEB ONEIDA 1. Frank L. Stevens SULLIVAN 1. Henrv L. Gates i. Wilham V. Donovan Edward Bisland 2. Jay H. Pratt 3. CaUin A. Gardner 3. John C. Evans TIOGA RICHMOND ONONDAGA Edwin S. Hanford A. J. B. Wedemver 1. Frank X. Wood TOMPKINS 2. Edward Schoeneck HOCKL.\ND George E. Monroe 3. Martin L. Cadin Matthew Hm-d 4. Fred W. Hammond ULSTER ST. L.VWBENCE ONTAHIO 1. Charles T. Coutant 1. Jean L. Burnett Charles S. Plank 2. W . D. Cunningham 2. E. A. Merritt, Jr. ORANGE 1

OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

DELAWARE LEWIS ONEIDA James R. Cowan Charles F. Boshart 1. Henry L. Gates 2. Jav H. Pratt DUTCHESS LIVINGSTON 3. John C. Evans 1. Smith W. Jr. Myron J. Wadsworth, ONONDAGA 2. Augustus B. Gray MADISON 1. Charles H. Gregory ERIE Robert J. Fish 2. Edward Sehoeneck J. 1. Charles Quinn 3. George L. Baldwin 2. Robert Ljtui Cox MONROE 4. Fred W. Hammond S. 3. Frank Burzynski 1. Dewitt C. Becker Charles V. ONTARIO 4. Lynch 2. James L. Whitley L. Burnett 5. Louis Dressing 3. Robert Averill Jean James S. 6. Keyes 4. Albert P. Beebe ORANGE 7. John K. Patton William G. 8. L. J. Shuttleworth MONTGOMERY 1. Hastings Bedell B. 2. Louis ESSEX William Charles ORLE.VNS Frank C. Hooper NEW YORK Henry V. Wilson FRANKLIN 1. Thomas B. Caughlan Charles R. Matthews 2. Alfred E. Smith OSWEGO 3. John T. Eagleton 1. Thomas D. Lewis FULTON AND HAMILTON H. Burns 4. William 2. Fred G. Whitney Mills WiUiam E. 5. Leslie J. Tompkins OTSEGO GENESEE 6. James Oliver Deloss E. Bass Hooker 7. Thomas F. Long S. Percy Harawitz 8. Abraham PUTNAM GREENE 9. Patrick H. Bird John R. Yale William C. Brady 10. Samuel Hoffman 11. John J. Sammon HERKIMER QUEENS 12. Max Eckmann Harte B. Steele 1. Dennis J. Abram 13. John C. Hackett 2. WilUam A. DeGroot JEFFERSON 14. Jacob Fritz 15. Owen W. Bohan QUEENS AND NASSAU 1. Albert Foster 16. Gustave Hartman William G. MiUer 2. Gary H. Wood 17. Christ. Steft'ens KINGS 18. Edward B. La Fetra RENSSELAER 1. Thomas O'Neill 19. Mervin C. Stanley 1. Frederick C. Filley 2. Patrick Donohue 20. Thomas A. Farnan 2. Michael D. Nolan 3. Thomas P. ReiUy 21. William Young 3. Bradford R. Lansing W. Colne Rock 4. WiUiam 22. Thomas RICHMOND 5. Otto G. Foelker 23. James A. Francis A. J. B. Wedemyer 6. Thomas J. Surpless 24. John T. Story_ 7. Michael J. Grady 25. Ezra P. Prentice ROCKLAND J. Brennan 8. James A. Thompson 26. Roger G. M. Canochan 9. Thomas F. McQuu-e 27. George B. Agnew 10. Charles F. ISIurphy 28. George Schwerier ST. LAWRENCE Wells 11. William S. Shanahan 29. Frederick D. 1. Fred J. Gray 12. George A. Green 30. Maurice F. Smith 2. E. A. Merritt, Jr. 13. Samuel J. Palmer 31. J. Sidney Bernstein SARATOGA 14. George W. Kavanaugh 32. Samuel Krulewitch 15. Charles C. G. Sprenger 33. Jacob E. Salomon George H. Whitney Weber 16. Charles J. 34. Charles Campbell SCHENECTADY 17. Edward C. Dowling 35. John P. Cohalan William W. 18. Warren I. Lee Wemple NL4.GARA 19. Charles Schmitt SCHOHARIE A. Edmund Lee 20. Charles Feth 1. Levell Gteorge M. Pahner 21. Frank E. Har\-ey 2. W. Draper

352 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

SCHUYLER SULLIVAN WASHINGTON John \V. Gurnett Edward BLsland Eugene R. Norton TIOGA WAYNE SENECA BjTam L. Winters Edson W. Hamm William J. Maier TOMPKINS WESTCHESTER 1. W. R. STEUBEN Wm. R. Gunderaman Oglesby 2. J. M. Wainwright 1. W. H. Chamberlain ULSTER 3. James K. Apgar 2. Jeny E. B. Santee 1. Joseph M. Fowler WYOMING 2. W. D. SUFFOLK Cunningham B. A. Nevins 1. John M. Lupton WARREN YATES 2. Orlando Hubbs William R. Waddell Leonidas D. West

1907

J.uajARY 2 TO June 26 Extraordinary Session, July 8 to July 26

Speak-er James W. Wadsworth, Jr. (R) Clerk Archie E. Baxter

ALBANY CORTLAND HERKIMER

1. Charles W. Mead Charles O. Newton T. D. Ferguson 2. Thomas F. Maher DELAWARE 3. Robert B. Waters James R. Stevenson JEFFERSON ALLEGANY DUTCHESS 1. Alfred D. Lowe 2. Gary H. Wood Jesse S. Phillips 1. Myron Smith 2. Fred BROOME Northup KINGS ERIE James T. Rogers 1. D. H. Ralston 1. Orson J. Weimert 2. James A. Jacobs CATTAR,1UGUS 2. John L. O'Brian 3. M. H. Baumann 3. Charles F. Brooks John J. Volk 4. George W. Brown 4. Edward D. Jackson 5. Charles J. W'eber CAYUGA 5. John H. Mallon 6. Thomas J. Surpless 6. F. S. Fred A. Dudley Burzynski 7. T. J. Geoghagan 7. W. Walters George 8. Thomas J. Farrell 8. John K. Patton CHAUTAUQUA 9. George A. Voss 9. L. J. Shuttleworth 1. Augustus F. Allen 10. Charles F. Murphy 2. C. M. Hamilton ESSEX 11. W'iUiam W. Coke Frank C. Hooker 12. George A. Green CHEMUNG 13. John H. Donnellv H. C. S. Moreland FRANKLIN 14. William J. Dononue C. R. Matthews 15. Daniel J. Collins CHENANGO 16. Charles A. FULTON AND HAMILTON Conrady H. C. Stratton 17. Edward C. Dowling William E. MUls 18. Warren I. Lee CLINTON GENESEE 19. Charles Feth Glore A. T. Dominy Fred B. Parker 20. Harrison C. 21. Samuel .V. Gluck COLUMBIA GREENE 22. Edward Eichhorn John B. Sinclair William C. Brady 23. William Lee Monney

353 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

LEWIS NIAGARA SCHENECTADY R. Frisbie C. Fred Boshart 1. Charles F. Foley Miles 2. W. L. Draper LIVINGSTON SCHOHARIE J. W. Wadsworth, Jr. ONEIDA Charles H. Holmes Merwin K. Hart MADISON 1. 2. Ladd J. Lewis, Jr. SCHTTTLER O. W. Burhyte 3. Arthur G. Blue Charles A. Cole MONROE ONONDAGA SENECA 1. Geo. F. Harris 1. Edward Schoeneck B. 2. James L. Whitley William Harper 2. F. W. Hammond 3. Henrj' R. Glynn 3. L. Baldwin 4. Robert Averill George STEUBEN 5. Henry Morgan ONTARIO 1. Wm. H. Chamberlain 2. Charles K. Marlatt MONTGOMEET Jean L. Burnett T. R. Staley SUFFOLK ORANGE NASS.^U 1. John M. Lupton 1. William G. Hastings 2. Orlando Hubbs William G. Miller 2. Charles E. Mance YORK SVfULTVAN NEW ORLEANS 1. James F. Cavanaugh W. Murphy M. E. George 2. Alfred E. Smith Eggleston 3. James Oliver TIOGA Burns OSWEGO 4. William H. B. L. Winters 5. John T. Eagleton F. G. Whitney 6. Stem Adolph OTSEGO TOMPKINS 7. W. Keller Joseph W. R. Gunderman 8. Abraham Harawitz Charles Smith 9. John C. Hackett ULSTER 10. Cornehus Huth PUTNAM 11. Owen W. Bohan John R. Yale 1. Joseph M. Fowler 12. James A. Foley 2. Wm. D. Cunningham 13. James J. Hoey QUEENS 14. John Loos 1. Thomas H. Todd WARREN 15. M. C. Stanley 2. Joseph Flanagan William R. WaddeU 16. Martin G. McCue 3. Conrad Garbe 17. Wilham Young 4. William A. DeGroot WASHINGTON 18. Mark Goldberg Eugene R. Norton 19. Alex. Brough RENSSELAER 20. George Schwegler 1. Fred C. Filley WAYNE 21. Robert I. Conklin 2. B. R. Lansing Edson W. Hamn 22. Robert F. Wagner 23. James A. Francis RICHMOND WESTCHESTER 24. James V. Ganly William T. Croak 25. Ezra P. Prentice 1. Harry W. Haines Duell 26. Leopold Prince ROCKLAND 2. Holland S. 3. James K. Apgar 27. B. R. Robinson Matthew Hurd 28. Edward W. Buckley 4. J. M. WainwTight 29. Fred D. Wells ST. LAWTIENCE 30. Louis A. Cuvillier WYOMING 1. Fred J. Gray 31. Phillip Reece B. A. Nevins A. Merritt, Jr. 32. W. B. Dobbs 2. Edward 33. J. Schmidt Phillip SARATOGA YATES 34. M. S. Schulz George Leon. D. West 35. John V. Sheridan George H. Whitney

354 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

1908

Jantiary 1 TO April '23 Extraordinary Session, May 11 to June 11

Speaker James W. Wadsworth, Jr. (R) Clerk Ray B. Smith

ALBANY ESSEX .M.ADISON 1. Ellis J. Staley James Shea O. W. Burhyte 2. William E. Nolan FRANKLIN MONROE 3. Robert B. Waters 1. George F. Harris Harry H. Hawley ALLEGANY 2. James L. Whitley FULTON AND H.AMILTON 3. George L. Meade Jesse S. Phillips W. Ellison Mills 4. B. J. Haggarty BROOME 5. Morgan GENESEE Henry Harry C. Perkins MONTGOMERY Fred B. Parker CATTARAUGUS T. R. Staley GREENE John J. Volk NASSAU William C. Brady William G. MUler CAYTJGA HERKIMER NEW YORK Fred A. Dudley T. D. Ferguson 1. T. B. Caughlan CHAUTAUQUA 2. Alfred E. Smith JEFFERSON 1. Augustus F. Allen 3. James Oliver 1. Alfred D. 2. C. M. Hamilton Lowe 4. Aaron J. Levy 2. Gary H. Wood 5. J. T. CHEMUNG Eagleton KINGS 6. Adolph Stern D. C. Robinson 7. W'. Keller 1. E. R. Joseph Terry 8. Montz Graubard CHENANGO 2. James A. Jacobs 9. John C. Hackett Julieu C. Scott 3. A. L. Hurley 10. A. M. McCabe 4. Andrews C. CLINTON Troy 11. F. K. Johnson 5. Charles J. Weber 12. James A. Foley A. T. Dominy 6. Thomas J. Surpless 13. James J. Hoey 7. T. J. COLUMBIA Geoghagan 14. John J. Herrick 8. John McBride L. J. Bashford 15. William M. Bennett 9. A. V'oss George 16. Martin G. McCue CORTLAND 10. Charles F. Murphy 17. F. R. Toombs 11. William W. Colne Charles F. Brown 18. Mark Goldberg 12. A. Green George 19. William B. Donihee DELAWARE 13. J. H. Donnelly 20. Patrick J. McGrath H. J. Williams 14. James E. Pay 21. Robert S. Conklin 15. John J. Schutta DUTCH ESa 22. Robert F. Wagner 16. M. J. Grady 23. James A. Francis 1. Myron Smith 17. John R. Farrar 2. 24. W. H. Spriggins Fred Northrup 18. Warren I. Lee 25. Art. Ward, Jr. 19. John Holbrook ERIE 26. Solomon Straus 20. Harrison C. Glore 1. Orson J. Weimert 27. B. R. Robinson 21. Samuel A. Gluck 2. John L. O'Brian 28. E. W. Buckley 22. Emil Rose 3. J. Arnold 29. W. H. Liebmarm George 23. Isaac 4. William Jordan Sargent 30. Louis A. Cu\-illier 5. Edward P. Costello LEWIS 31. A. Greenberg 6. F. S. Burzynski C. Fred Boshart 32. Jesse Silbennann 7. George W. Walters 33. Phillip J. Schmidt LIVINGSTON 8. C. MacGregor 34. George M. S. Schulz 9. Frank B. Thorn J. W. Wadsworth, Jr. 35. J. V. Sheridan

355 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

NIAGARA OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

ERIE LEWIS 1. Orson J. Wdmert C. Fred Boshart 1. Joseph .\. Jordan 2. John L. O'lirian 2. W'. LIVINGSTON Levell Draper 3. Leo J. Neupert ONEID.i 4. Eilwani V). Jackson J. W. W'adsworth, Jr. 1. John W. 5. Edward P. Costello MADISON Manley 0. James M. Rozan 2. La

357 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

SCHBYLER TIOGA WATNE William E. LefBngwell Frank L. Howard Edson W. Hamn SEMECA TOMPKINS WESTCHESTER Alexander C. Martin William R. Gunderman 1. Harry W. Haines STEUBEN ULSTER 2. Holland S. Duel] 1. John L. Miller 3. Frank L. Young 1. Joseph M. Fowler 2. Charles K. Marlatt 4. George W. Mead 2. Edward Young SUFFOLK WARREN WYOMING 1. John M. Lupton William R. Waddell Robert M. McFarlane 2. George L. Thompson SULLIVAN WASHINGTON YATES Cah-in Millen James S. Parker Ijlewellvn J. Barden

1910

Speaker . .James W. Wadsworth, Jr. (R) Clerk. . . Ray B. Smith

ALB.\NY CORTLAND GREENE

1. Harold J. Hinman Charles F. Brown J. Lewis Patrie 2. WiUiam E. Nolan HERKIMER 3. Robert B. Waters DELAWARE S. Eveleth James R. Stevenson George ALLEGANY JEFFERSON Jesse S. Phillips 1. Luther S. Pitkin Smith 2. H. Wood BROOME Myron Gary Lewis S. Chanler KINGS Harry C. Perkins 1. H. S. Goodspeed CATTARAUGUS 2. J. 1. Orson J. Weimert William Gillen 3. iSI. A. O'Neil Ellsworth J. Cheney 2. Lafay C. Wilkie 4. W. BrowTi 3. Leo J. Neupert George CAYUGA 5. 4. Edward D. Jackson Charles J. Weber WilUam B. Reed 5. Richard F. Hearn 6. John H. Gerken 6. James M. Rozan 7. Daniel F. Farrell CHAUTAUQUA 7. G. H. Wende 8. John J. McKeon 9. E. O'Connor 1. Augustus F. Allen 8. C. MacGregor 10. Charles Harwood 2. John L. Sullivan 9. Frank B. thorn 11. William W. Colne CHEMUNG ESSEX 12. George A. Green 13. J. H; Seymour Lowman James Shea Donnelly 14. James E. Fay CHENANGO FRANKLIN 15. John J. O'Neill 16. Robert H. Clarke W. A. Alex. Macdonald Shepardson 17. Edward A. Ebbets 18. Warren I. Lee CLINTON FULTON ANT3 H.VMILTON 19. Felix J. Sanner John B. Trombly Edward Vosburgh 20. H. C. Glore 21. Sam Weinstein COLUMBIA GENESEE 22. Albert Lachman Albert S. Callan Edward M. Crocker 23. Michael C. Beck

358 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

LEWIS NIAGARA SCIIENEcrADY Feelev C. Fred Boshart 1. 'i'homas T. ' Loren H. White 2. Phillip J. Keller LIVINGSTON SCHOHARIE J. Vi. VVadsworth, Jr. ONEIDA Daniel D. Frisbie MADISON 1. John W. Manley 2. Herbert E. .\llen SCHinXER Kirk B. De Lano 3. James T. Cross La F. W. iVrgetsinger MONROE ONONDAGA 1. Edward II. Wliite SENECA 2. James L. Wliitlev 1. James E. Connell Charles W. Cosad 3. William H. Vicinus 2. J. T. Roberts 3. J. Walters 4. Cyru-s W. Phillips Henry STEUBEN 5. J. J. Mclneruev 1. John L. Miller ONTARIO MONTGOMERY 2. Charles K. Marlatt Sanford W. Abbey J. P. Van Olinda SUFFOLK ORANGE NASS.\U 1. John M. Lupton 1. Caleb H. Baumes William G. Miller 2. G. L. Thompson 2. John D. Stivers NEW YORK SULLIVAN ORLE.\JJS 1. Thomas B. Caughlan John K. Evans 2. Alfred E. Smith Coley P. Wright 3. James Oliver TIOGA OSWEGO 4. Aaron J. Le\y Frank L. Howard 5. James J. Walker T. C. Sweet 6. Harr\- Kopp TOMPKINS 7. P. P.' OTSEGO McEUigott Fox Holden 8. Moritz Graubard Stephen C. Clark 9. John C. Hackett

10. Harold Spielberg PLT.V.V.M 11. John J. 1. M. Fowler Boylan John R. Yale Joseph 12. James A. Foley 2. Edward Young 13. James J. Hoey QUEENS 14. John J. Herrick WARREN 1. Andrew Zorn 15. William M. Bennett 2. C. Weiland Daniel P. De Long 16. M. G. McCue 3. Charles Metzendorf 17. Fred R. Toombs W.YSHINGTO.N 4. Theo. P. Wilsnack 18. Mark Goldberg James S. Parker F. Murrav 19. A. RENSSEL.^ER 20. P. J. McGra'th 1. Fred C. WAYNE 21. Robert S. Conklin Filley 2. B. R. 22. E. A. Doherty Lansing iNI. I. Greenwood Fred. A. 23. Higgins RICHMOND 24. Thomas A. Brennan WESTCHESTER William A. Shortt 25. Artemas Ward, Jr. 1. Harrv W. Haines 26. Irving J. Joseph 2. William S. ROCKL.VND Coffey 27. Charles A. Dana 3. Frank L. Young 28. Jacob he\y Rutledge I. Odell 4. John A. Goodwin 29. Lindon Bates, Jr. ST. LAWRENCE 30. Peter Donovan WYOMING 31. Mitchell E. Friend 1. Fred J. Grav James E. Brainerd 32. J. L. Burgoyne 2. E. A. Merritt, Jr. 33. John Gerha'rdt S\R\TOa\ YATES 34. Raphael Garfein 35. E. J. L. RaldirLs George H. \Miitnev L. J. Barden

359 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

1911

Speaker Daniel D. Frisbie (D) Clerk Luke Mc Henry

ALBANY ESSEX MADISON 1. Harold I. Hinman James Shea Kirk B. Delano 2. William W. Nolan FRANKJJN 3. Robert B. Waters MONROE Alexander Macdonald ALLEGANY 1. Edward H. White FULTON AND HAMILTON 2. Simon L. Adler Jesse S. Phillips Alden Hart 3. August V. Pappert BROOME 4. W. GENESEE Cyrus Phillips Charles S. Butler 5. William T. Keys Clarence CATTARAUGUS Bryant NASSAU GREENE Ellsworth J. Cheney Henry A. Hollman CATUGA J. L. Patrie Nelson L. Drnmmond HERKDiIEB NEW YORK Judson Bridenbecker CHAUTAUQUA 1. Thomas B. Caughlan 2. Alfred E. Smith 1. JuUus Lincoln JEFFERSON 3. James OUver 2. John L. Sullivan 1. Lewis W. Day 4. Aaron J. Levy 2. John G. Jones CHEMUNG 5. James J. Walker Robert P. Bush 6. Harry Kopp 7. Peter J. McEUigott 1. Edmund R. Terry CHENANGO 8. Moritz Graubard 2. WilUam J. Gillen 9. John C. Hackett Walter A. Shepardson 3. Michael A. O'Neil 10. Harold 4. Clarence W. Donovan Spielberg CLINTON 11. John L. 5. Abraham F. Lent Boylan John B. 12. James A. Trembly 6. John H. Gerken Foley 13. James J. COLUMBIA 7. Daniel F. Farrell Hoey 14. John J. Herrick 8. John I. McKeon Randell N. Saunders 15. Ashton Parker 9. Edmund O'Connor 16. Martin G. McCue CORTLAND 10. Fredric M. Ahern 17. Franklin Brooks Charles F. Brown 11. WilUam W. Cohie 18. Mark Goldberg 12. Sydney W. Fry DELAWARE 19. Andrew F. Murray 13. John H. Donnelly 20. Patrick J. McGrath Clayton L. Wheeler 14. James E. Fay 21. A. Warren 15. John J. O'Neill Joseph DUTCHESS 22. Edward WeU 16. John F. Jameson 1. A. 23. Frederick A. Ferdinand Hoyt 17. Edward A. Ebbets Higgins 24. Thomas A. Brennan 2. L. Stuyvesant Chanler 18. Almeth W. Hoflf 25. Artemus W'ard, Jr. 19. Jacob Schifferdecker ERIE 26. Abram Goodman 20. George F. Carew 1. James A. Dawson 27. Walter R. Herrick 21. Harry Heyman 2. OUver G. LaReau 28. Jacob 22. T. Geatons Levy 3. Leo I. Joseph 29. Harold G. Friedman Neupert 23. Louis Goldstein 4. Edward D. Jackson 30. Louis A. CuviUier 5. Richard F. Hearn 31. Max Shlivek 6. A. H. Monczynski 32. Thomas E. Turley 7. Godfried H. Wende 33. John Gerhardt LIVINGSTON 8. Clarence MacGregor 34. Seymore Mork 9. Frank B. Thorn John C. Winters, Jr. 35. Thomas E. Egan

360 OFFICIAL NKW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

NIAGARA RENSSELAER SULLIVAN 1. F. Gould Benjiiniiii 1. Fredrick C. F'illey John K. Evans 2. Henry A. Constantine 2. Bradford I{. Lansing TIOGA ONEIDA RICILMONI) Otis S. Beach 1. John W. Manley William A. Shortt 2. Herbert E. Allen TOMPKINS 3. James T. Cross ROCKLA.N'D Minor ONONDAGA George A. Blauvelt McDaniels

1. James E. Connell ST. LAWRENCE tJLSTER 2. Fred W. Hammond 1. Fred J. Gray 1. George Washburn 3. Thomas K. Smith 2. Edwin A. Merritt, Jr. 2. Samuel C. Waring ONTARIO SARATOGA Thomas B. Wilson WARREN William A. Martin E. H. ORANGE Henry Breveton SCHENECTADY 1. Cabel H. Bamnes WASHINGTON 2. John D. Stivers John C. Myers James S. Parker ORLEANS SCHOHARIE WAY-NE Frank A. Waters Daniel D. Frisbie Albert Yeomans OSWEGO SCHUYLER Thaddeus C. Sweet John W. Gurnett WESTCHESTER OTSEGO SENECA 1. Harry W. Haines Chester A. Miller 2. S. Coffey Charles W. Cosad \yilliam 3. Frank L. PUTNAM Young STEUBEN •1. John A. Goodwin John R. Yale 1. Thomas Shannon WYOMING QUEENS 2. John Seeley 1. Andrew Zorn Henry A. Pierce 2. Alfred J. SUFFOLK Kennedy YATES 3. Owen E. Fitzpatrick 1. DeWitt C. Talmage 4. Harry I. Huber 2. Fredrick Sheide Frank A. Collin

861 State Senators

FROM 1883 TO 1911

1883

1. James W. Covert 12. Henry C. Nelson 22. Robert H. Roberts 2. John J. Kiernan 13. James Mackin 23. Alex. M. Hohnes 3. Charles H. Russell 14. Addison P. Jones 24. Edward B. Thomas 4. John C. Jacobs 15. Homer A. Nelson 25. Dennis McCarthy 5. John G. Boyd 16. Charles L. MacArthur 26. Da\-id H. Evans 6. Thomas F. Grady 17. Abraham Lansing 27. Smnner Baldwin 7. James Daly 18. Webster Wagner i 28. George P. I^rd 8. John W. Browning 18. Ale.\. B. Baucus- 29. Edmund L. Pitts 9. James Fitzgerald 19. Shepard P. Bowen 30. Tunothv E. Ellsworth 10. Joseph Koch 20. Dolphus S. Lynde 31. Robert "C. Titus 11. Frank P. Treanor 21. Frederick Lansing 32. Norman M. Allen

1884-1885

1. James Otis 12. Henry C. Nelson 23. Andrew Da\'idson 2. John J. Kiernan 13. Henry R. Low 24. Edward B. Thomas 3. Albert Daggett 14. John Van Schaick 25. Dennis McCarthy 4. John C. Jacobs 15. Thomas Newbold 26. Edward S. Esty 5. Michael C. Murphy 16. Albert C. Comstock 27. J. Sloat Fassett 6. Timothy J. Campbell 17. John B. Thacher 28. Thomas Robinson 7. James Daly 18. James ArkeU 29. Charles S. Baker 8. Frederick S. Gibbs 19. Shepard P. Bowen 30. Timothv E. Ellsworth 9. John J. Cullen 20. John L Gilbert 31. Robert "C. Titus 10. J. Hampden Robb 21. Frederick Lansing 32. Com'dore P. Vedder 11. George W. Plunkitt 22. Henry J. Coggeshall

1886-1887

1. Edward F. Fagan 12. Henry C. Nelson 23. John E. Smith 2. James F. Pierce 13. Henry R. Low 24. Matthew W. Mar\Tn 3. Stephen M. Griswold 14. Henry C. Connelly 25. Francis Hendricks 4. Jacob Worth 15. Jacob W. Hovsradt 26. Charles F. Barager 5. Michael C. Murphy 16. Albert C. Comstock 27. J. Sloat Fassett 6. Edward F. Reilly 17. Amasa J. Parker, Jr. 28. John Raines 7. James Daly 18. Edward Wemple 29. Edmund L. Pitts 8. Thomas C. Dunham 19. Rowland C. Kellogg 30. Edward C. Walker 9. John J. Cullen 20. Charles L. Knapp 31. Daniel H. McMiUan 10. WilUam C. Traphagen 21. George B. Sloan 32. Com'dore P. Vedder 11. George W. Plunkitt

1 Died January 13, 1SS2 2 Elected February 28, 1SS2

362 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

1888-1889

1. Simeon S. Hawkins 12. William 11. Uobertson 22. Henrv J. Coggeshall ' 2. James F. Pierce 13. Henrv R. Low 23. Frank B. .Vrnold ' 3. Euf,'ene F. O'Connor 13. Peter Ward 24. William Lewis 4. Jacob Worth 14. John J. Linson 2.5. Francis Hendricks 5. Michael C. Murphy 15. Gilbert A. Deane 20. William L. Sweet 6. Edward F. Reillv 16. Michael F. Collins 27. J. Sloat Fassett 6. Thomas F. Grady ' 17. Henry Russell 28. John Raines 7. George F. Langbein 18. John Foley 29. Donald McNaughton 8. CorneHus Van Cott- 19. Rowland C. Kellogg 30. Edward C. \yalker 9. Charles A. Stadler 20. George Z. Erwin 31. John LaughUn 10. Jacob A. Cantor 21. George B. Sloan 32. Com. P. Vedder 11. Eugene S. Ives OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

1894-1895—Continued

15. George W. Robertson 22. Joseph MuUin 27. Baxter T. Smelzer IG. Clarence Lexow 23. H. J. Coggeshall 28. C. R. Parsons 17. Jacob Rice 24. Charles W. Stapleton 29. Cuthbert W. Pound 18. j\'lichael F. Collins 25. Edmimd O'Connor 30. Charles Lamy 19. Amasa J. Parker 26. Charles T. Saxton 31. Henry H. Persons 20. H. J. Donaldson 26. John Raines 32. Frank W. Higgins 21. Frederick D. Kilburn

1896-1897-1898

- 1. Richard Higbie 18. Maur. Featherson 35. Elou R. Brown 2. Theodore Koehler 19. John Ford 36. Horace White 3. Frank Gallagher 20. Jacob A. Cantor 37. Nevada N. Stranahan 4. George W. Brush 21. Charles Lewis Guy 38. William Elting Johnson 5. Michael J. Coffey 22. James Irving Burns 39. Benjamin M. Wilcox 6. Peter IT. McNulty 23. Clarence Lexow 40. Edwin C. Stewart 7. Patrick H. McCarren 24. William C. Daley 41. John S. Sheppard 8. Albert A. Wray 25. Charles Davis 42. John Raines i 9. JuUus L. Wieman 26. John Grant 43. Cornelius R. Parsons 10. John F. Abeam 27. Hobart Krmn 44. Henry Harrison 11. Timothy D. Sullivan 28. Edgar T. Brackett 45. Timothy E. Ellsworth 12. Samuel J. Foley 29. Mver Nussbaum 46. Lester H. Humphrey 13. Bernard F. Martin 30. LeGrand C. Tibbits 47. Charles Lamy 14. Thomas F. Grady 31. George Chahoon 48. Simon Seibert 15. Frank D. Pavey 32. George R. Malby 49. George A. Davis 16. Louis Munzinger 33. Walter L. Brown 17. Charles B. Page 34. Henry J. Coggeshall

1899-1900

1. John L. Havens 18. Maur. Featherson 35. Elon R. Brown 2. James Norton 19. John Ford 36. Horace White 3. Thomas H. CuUen 20. Thomas F. Donnelly 37. Nevada N. Stranahan 4. DaWd Floyd Davis 21. Richard H. Mitchell 38. Wilham E. Johnson 5. Michael J. Coffey 22. William J. Graney 39. Benjamin Mart Wilcox 6. William J. La Roche 23. Louis F. Goodsell 40. Charles T. Willis 7. Patrick H. McCarren 24. Henry S. Ambler 41. Frank D. Sherwood 8. Henry Marshall 25. Jacob Rice 42. John Raines 9. Joseph Wagner 26. William L. Thornton 43. Cornelius R. Parsons 10. John F. Ahearn 27. Hobart Krum 44. William W. Armstrong 11. Timothy D. Sullivan 28. Edgar T. Brackett 45. Timothy E. Ellsworth 12. Samuel J. Foley 29. Curtis N. Douglas 46. Lester H. Humphrey 13. Bernard F. Martin 30. Frank M. Boyce 47. William F. Mackey" 14. Thomas F. Grady 31. George Chahoon 48. S. J. Ramsperger 15. Nathan A. Elsberg 32. George R. Malby 49. George Allen Davis 16. Louis Munzinger 33. James D. Feeter 17. George W. Plunkitt 34. Henry J. Coggeshall

1 John Grant, successor to James Ballantine, deceased, who served during the One Hundred and Nineteenth Session. SEJonR. Brown, successor to Joseph Mullin, deceased, who served during the One Hundred and Nineteenth and One Hundred and Twentieth Sessions.

364 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

1901-1902

Presiding Officer. .Lieut. -Governor Woodruff Ellsworth President pro tem . .Timothy E. 1. William M. McKinney 18. Victor J. Dowling 35. Elon R. Brown 2. William Willets Cocks 19. Samuel S. Slater 36. Horace White 3. Thomas H. Cullen 20. Thomas F. Donnelly 37. Nevada M. Stranahan 4. Arthur J. Audett 21. Joseph P. Hemiessy 38. George E. Green 5. James H. McCabe 22. Isaac N. Mills 39. Benjamin M. Wilco.^t 6. Rudolph C. Fuller 23. Louis F. Goodsell 40. Edwin C. Stewart 7. Patrick H. McCarren 24. Henry S. Ambler 41. ¥. D. Sherwood 8. Henry- Marshall 25. Williim S. C. Wiley 42. John Raines - 9. Joseph Wagner 26. William L. Thornton 43. Merton E. Lewis 10. John F. Ahearn 27. Hobart Kriim 44. William W. Armstrong 11. Timothy D. Sullivan 28. Edgar T. Brackett 45. Timothy E. Ellsworth 12. Samuel'j. Foley 29. James B. McEwan 46. Lester H. Humphrey 13. Bernard F. Martin 30. William D. Barnes i 47. Henry W. Hill 14. Thomas F. Gradv 31. Spencer D. Prime 48. S. J. Ramsperger 15. Nathaniel A. Elsberg 32. George R. Malby 49. George A. Davis 16. Patrick F. Trainor 33. James D. Feeter 50. Frank W. Higgins 17. George W. Plunkitt 34. Garry A. Willard

1903-1904

Presiding Officer. . .Lieut. -Governor Higgins President "pro tem John Raines

1. Edwin Bailey, Jr. 18. Victor J. Dowling 35. Elon R. Brown 2. Luke A. Keenan 19. John W. Russell 36. Horace White 3. Thomas H. Cullen 20. James J. Frawley 37. Francis H. Gates 4. Thomas C. Whitelock 21. John A. Hawkins 38. George E. Green ' 5. James H. McCabe 22. F. M. Carpenter 39. Benjamin M. Wilcox 6. Walter C. Burton 23. Louis F. Goodsell 40. Edwin C. Stewart 7. Patrick H. McCarren 24. Henry S. Ambler 41. F. D. Sherwood 8. Henrv Marshall 25. Frank J. Lefewe 42. John Raines 9. Joseph Wagner 26. Jotham P. Allds 43. Merton E. Lewis 10. Daniel J. Riordan 27. Spencer K. Warnick 44. William W. Armstrong 11. John C. Fitzgerald 28. Edgar T. Brackett 45. Irving L'Hommedieu 12. Samuel J. Foley 29. James B. McEwan 46. Frederick C. Stevens 13. Bernard F. Martin 30. William D. Barnes 47. Henry W. Hill 14. Thomas F. Grady 31. Spencer G. Prime 48. S. J. Ramsperger 15. Nathaniel A. Elsberg 32. George R. Malby 49. George A. Davis 16. Peter J. Dooling 33. Walter L. Brown 50. Albert T. Fancher 17. George W. Plunkitt 34. William Townsend

1905-1906

Presiding Officer Lieut. -Governor Bruce President pro tem John Raines * Clerk Lafayette B. Gleason 1. Carll S. Burr, Jr. 5. James J. Kehoe 9. Conrad Ilascnflug 2. Luke A. Keenan 6. Frank J. Gardner 10. Daniel J. Riordan 3. Thomas H. Cullen 7. Patrick H. McCarren 11. John Fitzgerald 4. John Drescher, Jr. 8. Charles Cooper 12. Samuel J. Foley

2 1 In liLice rif Michael Russell, deceased. In place of Corneliu.9 R. Parsons, deceased. 8 Elected in 1903, rice Charles P. McClelland, resigned. '.A.ppointed in 1905, vice James S. Whipple, resigned, and January 3, 1906, elected.

365 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

1905-1906— Continued 13. Bernard F. Martin 26. 14. Thomas F. Grady 15. Nathaniel A. Elsberg 16. John M. Quinn 17. Martin Saxe 18. Jacob Marks 19. Alfred R. Page 20. James J. Frawley 21. John A. Hawkins 22. F. M. Carpenter 23. Louis F. Goodsell 24. Sanford W. Smith 25. John N. Cordts OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

1909-1910- Continued

7. Thomas C. Harden 2;i. II. li. Bavnc 38. H. S. Holdon 8. A. W. Burlingaine, Jr. 24. J. M. Waiuwright 39. H. D. llinman 9. John Kissel 25. John B. Hose 40. Charles J. Hewitt 10. Charles .\lt 20. J. F. Sohlosser 41. Benn Conger 11. CD. Sullivan 27. John N. Cordis 42. John Raines ' 12. T. D. Sullivan 28. William J. Grattan 42. F. W. GriHith 13. William J. A. CafTrey 29. Victor M. .\llen 43. Frank C. Piatt 14. Thomas K. Grady 30. E. T. Brackett 44. George H. Witter 15. Thomas J. McM'anus 31. William A. Gardner 45. George L. Meade 16. R. F. Wagner 32. Seth G. Heacock 46. Charles J. White 17. George B. Agnew 33. James A. Emerson 47. J. P. Mackenzie 18. Alex. Brough 34. William T. O'Neil 48. Henry W. Hill 19. J. T. Newcomb 34. Herbert P. Coats 49. S. J. Ramsperger iO. James J. Frawley 35. George H. Cobb 50. George A. Davas 21. S. J. Stilwell 36. F. ^f. Davenport 51. C. M. Hamilton 22. G. M. S. Sehulz 37. Jotham P. Allds

1911

Presiding Officer Lieut.-Governor Conway President pro tern Robert F. Wagner Clerk Patrick E. Mc Cabe James L. Long 18. Henry W. Pollock 35. George H. Cobb Dennis I. Harte 19. Joshia T. Newcomb 36. I. Harvey Ferris Thomas H. Cullen 20. James J. Frawlev 37. Ralph W. Thomas Loring M. Black, Jr. 21. Stephen J. Stilwell 38. J. Henry Walters Barth S. Cronin 22. Anthonv J. Griffin 39. Harvey D. Hinman Eugene M. Travis 23. Howard R. Bayne 40. Charles J. Hewitt Thomas C. Harden 24. J. M. Wainwri'ght 41. John F. Murtaugh James F. Duhamel 25. John B. Rose 42. Frank W. Griffith 9. Felis J. Sanner 26. Franklin D. Roosevelt 43. Frank C. Piatt 10. James H. O'Brien 27. William P. Fiero 44. Thomas H. Bussey F. 11. Christopher D. Sullivan 28. Henry M. Sage 45. George Argetsinger 12, Timothy D. Sullivan 29. Victor M. Allen 46. William L. Orrarod 13, James D. McClelland 30. Edgar T. Brackett 47. Robert H. Gittins 14 Thomas F. Grady 31. Loren H. White 48. Frank M. Loomis 15 Thomas J. McManus 32. Seth G. Heacock 49. Samuel J. Ramsperger 16 Robert F. Wagner 33. James A. Emer.son 50. George B. Bird 17 John G. Saxe 34. Herbert P. Coats 51. Charles M. Hamilton

1 Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of John Raines.

367 Mayors of Cities

City Name Term Expires Albany James B. McEwan December 31, 1911 Amsterdam Seely Conover December 31 1911 Aubm-n Thomas H. O'Neill January 1912 Binghamton John J. Irving December 31 1911 Buffalo Louis P. Fuhnnaun December 31 1913 Cohoes Merritt D. Hanson December 31 1911 Corning Frederick A. Ellison December 31 1911 Cortland Lynn R. Lewis December 31 1912 Dunkirk Harry James January 1 1912

. Elmira . Daniel Sheehan December 31 1911 1912 Fulton Joseph H. Connors January Geneva Patrick O'Malley December 31 1911 Glens Falls Samuel D. Kendrick April 1 1912 Gloversville Wesley M. Borst January 1 1912 Hornell Frank J. Nelson December 31 1911 Hudson James C. Armstrong April 30, 1911 Ithaca Randolph Horton December 31 1911 Jamestown Samuel A. Carlson April 5 1912 Johnstown A. Harrison January 1 1912 Kingston Roscoe Irwin January 1 1912 Lackawanna Robert H. Reed December 31 1913 Little Falls Timothy Dasey December 31 1911 Lockport James J. Moran December 31 1912 Middletown Rosslyn M. Cox January 1 1913 Mount Vernon Edwin W. Fiske November, 1911 Newburgh Benjamin McClung January 1 1912 New Rochelle H. E. Colwell December 31 1911 New York William J. Gaynor December 31 1913 Niagara Falls Anthony C. Douglass December 31 1910 North Tonawanda Louis T. Fick December 31 1910 Ogdensburg George E. Van Kinnen January 1 1913 Olean Peter C. Foley December 31 1911 Oneida Otto Pfaff December 31 1911 Oneonta Albert Morris December 31 1911 Oswego John Fitzgibbons December 31 1911 G. Senecal 1 1912 Plattsburg Andrew January Port Jervis Charles N. Knapp December 31 1911 Poughkeepsie John K. Sague . December 31 1912 Rensselaer Thomas Penny December 31 1912 Rochester Hiram H. Edgerton January 1 1912 Rome Albert R. Kessinger December 31 1911 Schenectady Charles C. Duryee December 31 1911 Syracuse Edward Schoeneck December 31 1911 Tonawanda Charles Zuckmaier December 31 1911 Troy EUas P. Mann December 31 1911 Utica Frederick Gillmore December 31 1911 Watertown Francis M. Hugo December 31 1911 Water\'Iiet Eugene J. Hanratta December 31 1912 Yonkers James T. Lennon December 31 1911

36S National Officers

PRESIDENTS SECRETARY OF INTERIOR Grover Clevclaiui 18S4 Cornelius N. Bliss 1897 Grover ( levelaml IKH Theodore Roosevelt 1904 SECRETARIES OF NAVY VICE PRESIDENTS William C. Whitney 1885 Chester A. Arthur 1880 Benjamin F. Tracy 1889 Levi P. Morton 1884 POSTMASTERS GENERAL Theodore Roosevelt 1900 James S. Sherman 1908 Thomas L. James 1881 Wilson S. Bissell 1893 SECRETARIES OF STATE George B. Cortelyou 1905 Elihu Root 1905 Robert Bacon 1909 ATTORNEY GENERAL W. Wickershaw 1909 SECRETARIES OF TREASURY George Charles J. Folger 1881 SECRETARIES OF COMMERCE AND Daniel Manning 1885 LABOR Charles S. Fairchild 1887 B. 1903 George B. Cortelyou 1907 George Cortelyou Oscar S. Straus 1907 SECRETARIES OF AVAR Daniel Laniont 1893 UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT Elihu Root 1899 Samuel Blatchford 1882-93 Elihu Root 1901 Rufus W. Peckham... .1895-1901 Henry L. Stimson 1911 Charles E. Hughes 1910

THE DIPLOMATIC SERVICE UNITED STATES MINISTERS AND AMBASSADORS

RUSSIA GERMAN EMPIRE Andrew D. White 1892 Andrew D. White 1879 Andrew D. White (Amb.) . . . 1879 David J. Hill (Amb.) 1907 AUSTRIA ITALY John M. Francis 1884 William Waldorf Astor 1882 Frederick D. Grant 1888

Charles M. Francis (Amb.) . . 1909 SPAIN (ministers) Perrv Belmont 1889 FRANCE Stewart L. Woodford 1897 William M. Collier 1906 Levi P. Morton 1881 Whitelaw Reid 1889 great BRITAIN Horace Porter (.\mb.) 1897 Joseph H. Choate (Amb.) ...1899 Robert Bacon (Amb.) 1909 Whitelaw Reid (Amb.) 1905

369 United States Senators

FROM 1881 TO 1911

Name Residence When Elected Warner Miller Herkimer July 16, 1881 Elbridge G. Lapham Canandaigua July 22, 1881 William M. Evarts New York January 20, 1885 Frank Hiscock Syracuse January 20, 1887 David B. Hill Elmira January 21, 1891 Edward Murphy, Jr Troy Januarj' 17, 1893 Thomas C. Piatt Owego January 20, 1897 Chauncey M. Depew New York January 18, 1899 Thomas C. Piatt Owego January 21, 1903 Chauncey M. Depew New York January 18, 1905 Elihu Root New York January 19, 1909 James A. O'Gorman New York March 31, 1911

Members of Congress

FROM 1883 TO 1911

John J. Adams 1883-1887 W. H. Black 1903-1905 DeAlva S. Alexander 1897-1911 A. M. Bliss 1885-1889 John E. Andrus 1905-1913 I. J. Bradley 1897-1899 Stephen B. Ayres 1911-1913 T. W. Bradlev 1903-1913 John Arnot 1883-1887 F. B. Brewer" 1883-1885 Theron Akin 1911-1913 H. C. Brewster 1895-1899 Henry Bacon 1887-1903 Lloyd S. Brice 1887-1889 John H. Bagley, Jr 1883-1885 Henry Bristow 1901-1903 Charles S. Baker 1885-1891 T. L. Bunting 1891-1893 Robert Baker 1903-1905 Henry G. Burleigh 1883-1887 E. M. Bassett 1903-1905 William M. Calder 1905-1913 F. Bartlett 1893-1897 John H. Camp 1876-1883 Lewis Beach 1883-1887 A. J. Campbell 1895-1897 James J. Belden 1887-1895 Felix CampbeU 1883-1891 Joseph M. Belford 1897-1899 Timothy J. Campbell 1885-1905 O. H. P. Behnont 1901-1903 William A. Chanler 1899-1901 Perry Belmont 1883-1889 A. C. Chapin 1891-1893 Charles G. Bennett 1895-1899 Charles A. Chickering 1895-1905 W. S. Bennett 1905-1911 John M. Clancy 1889-1895 H. W. Bentley 1891-1893 B. T. Clayton 1899-1901 Frank S. Black 1895-1897 A. V. S. Cochran 1897-1901

37a OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

W. Bourke Cockran H. A. Hanbury 1901-1903 1887-9; 1891-5; 1 !)(),)- 1 !)()!) John Hanlv 1883-1885 William W. Cocks 1905-1911 Francis B. Harrison 1903-1913 Richard E. Cunnell 1911-1913 William R. Hearst 1903-1907 Thomas Cornell 1883- Joseph C. Hendrix 1893-1895 I. N. Cox 1891-1903 Abram S. Hewitt 1883-1887 S. S. Cox 1883-1889 Frank Hiscock 1883-1887 M. F. Conroy 1909-1913 Warren B. Hooker 1891-1901 William J. Coombs 1891-1895 S. I. Hopkins 1887-1889 James W. Covert 1889-1895 James R. Howe 1895-1899 T. J. Creamer 1901-1903 D. M. Hurlev 1895-1889 Richard Crowley 1879-1883 Waldo Hutcliins 1883-1885 Amos J. Cumm'ings 1887-1901 Farino Jacobs, Jr 1883- N. M. Curtis 1891-1897 Darwin R. James 1883-1887 H. G. Danforth 1911-1913 Frederick A. Johnson 1883-1887 Charles Daniels 1893-1897 John H. Ketcham 1883-1901 Ira Davenport 1885-1889 John J. Kindred 1911-1913 Henry S. DeForest 1911-1913 C. J. Knapp 1889-1891 Milton Delano 1887-1891 Charles L. Knapp 1901-191 1 Cyrus Devrey 1907-1911 W. G. Laidlaw 1887-1891 William Dorslieimer 1883-1885 Frederick Lansing 1889-1891 William H. Douglass 1901-1905 Charles B. Law 1905-1911 A. Dowdney 1885-1887 J. Lefever 1893-1897, 1905-1907 W. H. Draper 1901-1913 M. Lessler 1901-1911 E. H. Driges 1899-1901 J.M.Levy 1899-1901; 1911-1913 Daniel A. DriscoU 1909-1913 George H. Lindsay 1901-1913 M. E. Driscoll 1899-1913 J. G. Lindsley 1885-1887 P. H. Dugro 1883- L. N. Littauer 1897-1907 G. J. Dunphv 1889-1895 Joseph J. Little 1891-1893 C. T. Dunwell 1903-1909 Martin W. Littleton 1911-1913 John W. Dwight 1903-1913 D. N. Lockwood 1891-1895 L. W. Emerson 1899-1903 P. B. Low 1895-1899 B. L. Fairchild 1895-1897 John H. McCarthy 1889-1891 George W. Fairchild 1907-1913 George B. McClellan 1895-1905 John M. Farquhar 1885-1901 Anson G. McCook 1883- J. Sloat Fassett 1905-1911 Richard C. McCormack 1895-1897 John R. Fellows 1891-1895 S. McMillan 1907-1909 I. F. Fischer 1895-1899 T. F. Magner 1889-1895 Hamilton Fish 1909-1911 James B. Maher 1911-1913 A. P. Fitch 1889-1895 R. B. Mahanv 1895-1899 John J. Fitzgerald 1899-1913 George R Malby 1907-1913 W. H. Flack 1905-1907 Francis Marvin 1893-1895 Thomas S. Flood 1887-1901 Joseph Mason 1883- Roswell P. Flower 1889-1891 M. Mav 1899-1891 Otto G. Foelker 1909-191 1 T. A. Slerryman 1885-1889 W. T. Foote. Jr 1895-1899 S. C. Millard 1883-1887 C. V. Fornes 1907-1913 C. S. MiUington 1909-1911 Henry George, Jr 191 1-1913 Henry C. Miner 1895-1897 Charles W. Gillett 1893-1905 J. M'. Mitchell 1897-1899 Martin H. Glynn 1899-1901 John H. Moffitt 1887-1909 H. M. Goldfogle 1901-1913 N. Muller 1883-1891 Joseph A. Goulden 1903-1911 L. W. Mott 1911-1913 John H. Graham 1893-1895 M. N. Nolan 1883-

H. S. Greenleaf . . .1883-1885, 1891-1893 N. W. Nutting 1883-1889 E. W. Greenman 1887-1889 B. B. Odell, Jr 1895-1899 Charles D. Haines 1893-1895 J. M. E. O'Gradv 1899-1901 John Hammond 1883- J. Van Vechten Olcott 1905-1911

371 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

N. P. Otis 1903-1905 J. T. Spriggs 1883-1887 Abraham X. Parker 1883-1889 W. G. StaUnecker 1885-1903 Herbert Parsons 1905-1911 R. S. Stevens 1883-1885 T. G. Patten 1911-1913 John K. Stewart 1899-1903 Sereno E. Payne 1883-1913 M. D. Stivers 1889-1891 i James B. Perkins 1901-1911 F. B. Storm 1901-1903 T. L. Poole 1895-1897 T. D. Sullivan 1903-1907 J. S. Pinder 1885-1887 WilUam Sulzer 1895-1913 Orlando B. Potter 1883-1885 John Swinburn 1885-1887 Peter A. Porter 1907-1909 Chas. A. Talcott 1911-1913 D. Prescott 1883- Cyrus A. S. Tompkins . . .1899-1901, 1901-1903 C. A. Pugsley 1901-1903 Charles A. Towne 1905-1907 Joseph Pulitzer 1885-1887 Charles 1887-1905 1889-1893 Tracey J. A. Quackenbush C. H. Turner 1889-1891 E. 1895-1899 Lemuel Quigg E. C. Underbill 1911-1913 John 1889-1891 Quinn J. Q. Underhill 1889-1891 John Raines 1889-1893 Henry Van Aernam 1883- W. . . .1883-1885, 1891-1903 George Ray T. J. Van 1883-1885 W. C, Redfield 1911-1913 Alstyne Van Horn 1891-1903 Ira E. Rider 1903-1905 George John Van Voorhis 1883-1895 D. P. Richardson 1883- J. H. G. 1897-1899 Daniel J. Riordan 1899-1913 Vehslage E. L. Viele 1885-1887 WiUiam E. Robinson 1883-1885 E. B. Vreeland 1899-1913 H. H. Rockwell 1891-1903 Jas. W. Wadsworth 1883-1885, 1891-1905 W. F. 1883-1885 Rogers E. Waldo 1905-1909 J. Jr 1899-1913 George Ruppert, W. C. Wallace 1889-1891 William H. Ryan .1893-1895, 1899-1904 James J. Walsh •. 1895-1897 John Sanford 1889-1893 William L. Ward 1897-1899 John G. Sawyer 1885-1891 John Witt Warner 1891-1895 S. J. Schermerhorn 1893-1895 De B. 1885-1889 F. E. Schober 1903-1905 John Weber 1883-1885 Jonathan Scoville 1883- Edward Wemple Townsend Scudder 1899-1905 George West 1887-1889 1891-1895 Walter L. Sessions 1885-1887 J. M. Wever 1887-1889 R. C. Shannon 1895-1899 Stephen V. White 1887-1889 James S. Shearman 1887-1909 Da\id Wilber D. E. Sickles 1893-1895 D. F. Wilbur 1895-1899 J. S. Simmons 1909-1913 William Willett, Jr 1907-1911 Charles R. Skinner 1883-1885 John IVL WUey 1889-1891 Henry W. Slocum 1883-1885 Frank E. Wilson.. 1899-1905, 1911-1913 Chas. B. Smith 1911-1913 F. H. Wilson 1895-1899 George J. Smith 1903-1905 Ben Wood 1883- George N. Southwick 1895-1911 WalterA. Wood 1883- 1909-1911 F. B. Spinola 1887-1901 Richaid Young

1 in office S. Havens. Died ; succeeded by James

372 Vote for Principal Offices

FROM 1894 TO 1910

The following table exhibits the vote upon candidates for the principal offices from 1894 to 1910:

1894

Governor Morton R. 673,818 Hill D. 517,710

Morton's plui-ality 156,108

1895

Secretary of State Palmer R. 601, SOo King D. 511,060 Palmer's plurality 90,145

1896

President :\IcKinley R. 819,838 Bryan D. 551,369 McKinley's plurality 268,469 Governor Black R. 787,516 Porter D. 574,524 Black's plurality 212,992

1897 Chief Judge,

Court of Appeals . . . Parker D. 554,680 Wallace R. 493.791

Parker's plurality 60,889 United Slates Senator, elected January 20— Piatt .R. 147 Hill D. 42 George .... Labor 4 Piatt's plurality 105

373 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

1898 Governor .Roosevelt R. 661,715 VanWyck D. 643,921 Roosevelt's plurality 17,794 Republican State officers elected. 1899 United States Senator, elected January 18— Depew R. Ill Murphy... D 83 Depew's majority 28

1900 President McKinley R. 821,992

Bryan D. , 678,386 McKinley's plurality 143,606 Governor Odell R. 804,859 Stanchfield ....D. 693,733 Odell's plurality 111,126 Republican State officers elected.

1902 Governor Odell R. 665,150 Coler D. 655,298 Odell's plurality 9,852 Associate Judge,

Court of Appeals . . . Gray D. 664,359 Werner R. 650,505 Gray's plurality 13,854 Republican State officers elected, with exception of Attorney General, Cunneen, D., elected thereto by aid of Prohibition vote.

1903 United States Senator, elected January 21— Piatt R. Ill

Stanchfield . . . . D. 78 Root R. 3

Piatt's plurality 33

374 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HVGIIES

loot President Roosevelt R. 859,533 Parker I). CS3,981

Roosevelt's plurality 175,55'2 Governor Higgins R. SKJ/ZG-t Herrick D. 73-2,70 !

Higgins' plurality 80,500 Cullen, D., Chief Judge, and Werner, R., Asso- eiate Judge, Court of Appeals, elected, each being on both Democratic and Republican tickets.

Republican State officers elected.

1005

United States Senator, elected January 18— Depew R. 136 Weed D. 57 Depew's majority 79

1000

Governor Hughes R. 749,002

Hearst . . . . D. and Ind. League 673,268 Hughes' plurality 75,734

Lieutenant Governor. .Chanler. . . D. and Ind. League 718,642 Bruce R. 713,068 Chanler's plurality 5,574

1908

President Taft R. 870,070 Bryan D. 607,468 Taft's plurality 202,602 Governor Hughes R. 804,051 Chanler D. 735,189 Hughes' plurality 09,462

375 OFFICIAL NEW YORK FROM CLEVELAND TO HUGHES

1909

United States Senator, elected January 18— Root R. 125 Chanler D. 44 Not voting 32 Root's plurality 81

1910

Governor Dix D. 689,700 Stimson R. 622,299

Dix's plurality 67,401

I^ieutenant Governor . Conway D. 662,630 Schoeneck R. 632,746 Conway's plurality 29,884

376 Note—This work is historical, rather than critical. The articles on the gubernatorial administrations are written by friendly hands, but it is intended that they shall be without partisan bias. The initial "R" prefixed to names stands for Republican and "D" for Democrat. Index

Acker, Milo M., i, 76, 232; ii, 279 Cleveland plurality in State 1,047. 66; Can-

Adams. William H., ii, 334; iv, 87 vass exciting and bitterly waged, 66; Re-

Administration of Frank S. Black, i, 149. signed as Governor January 6, 1885, 67.

Distinctly a constructive one, 149; First Administration of Roswell P. Flower, i, 103. message Jan. 1, 1897, 151; Civil service, Freed State from old debt, 103; Pre-emi- 152; Legislative appropriation during the nently a business man's administration, first year of his administration, 152; Im- 103; Personally inspected all State institu- provement of country roads, 153; State tions, 104; A true leader, 105; The Buffalo Capitol finally completed, 154; Statute strike, 105; Special message to Legislature, creating Greater New York, 155; War with 106; Quarantine facilities of New York, Spain, 156; His work in connection with 107; Fire Island, 107; The campaign of 1S96, this, 157; Suggestions relative to National 107; A re-alignment of political affiliations, Guard, 158; Metropolitan police bill and 107; Refused to follow party, 107; ADem,o- anti-caricaturist bill, 158; Extra session crat of the old school, 108; Conscience and July, 1898, 159; Supplementary message, love of country, 108; His practical wisdom, 160; Election law, 160; Administration of 108; Birth and early history, 109; Knowl- accomplishment, 163. edge of the resources of the country, 110;

Administration of Grover Cleveland, i, 45. A constructive organizer. 111; As a finan- Took oath of office Jan. 21, 1883, 45; First cier. 112; Quahties of true greatness, 113.

message to the Legislature, 46; First refer- Administration of Frank W. Higgins, i, 217.

ence to civil service reform, 47 ; Naming Previous political service, 217; Chairman heads of departments, 48; First board of of Senate committee on finance, 218; Busi- civil railroad commissioners, 49 ; The first ness administration needed. 218; Gathering service commission, 50; Names of mem- storm of protest against existing political bers, 50; Recommendation relative to conditions, 219; Guarded jealously execu- primary elections, 51; His exercise of veto tive prerogatives, 220; Administration of power, 51; Disregard for expediency, 51; harmony and goodwill, 220; Important Elevated railroad bill, 52; Veto of bill, 52; appointments, 221; Comprehensive grasp The five-cent bill, 54; Theodore Roosevelt of State affairs, 222; Finances, 222; Amend- supports Cleveland, 55; Veto of Fire De- ment to mortgage tax law passed, 225; partment bill of Buffalo, 56; Rupture of Amendment vetoed, 225; Gas and electric- political relations between the Governor ity committee of investigation in New York and State senators, 57; Opposition of appointed, 227; Charles E. Hughes counsel, Thomas F. Grady, 57; Urgency message 228; Bill reducing price of gas from one from Governor, 57; John Kelly requested, dollar to 80 cents in New York City passed, 58; Second annual message, 58; Radical 229; New York City water supply, 231; taxation suggestion, 59; First year's work Water supply commission, 231; Assembly of the railroad conmiission, 60; Initial work trial of Justice Warren B. Hooker, 232; of civil service commission. 60; Preserva- Life insurance reform, 232; Governor tion of the Adirondacks, 60; Surplus in the Higgins the storm center, 233; Attitude National treasury, 61; Continued to exer- misconstrued, 234; Plans formed and ready, cise veto power, 62; Mass of legislation 234^ Special message for appointment of affecting New York State, 62; Street rail- insurance investigation, 235; Committee way bill of 1884, 63; Bill abolishing con- appointed, 236; Charles E. Hughes selected tract labor, 63; On the national stage of as counsel, 236; Committee investigation politics, 64; New York Democratic State completed, 237; Report to Legislature, 238. convention, 65; Delegates-at-large, 65; Administration of David B. Hill, i, 69. Seven Democratic National convention, 65; Cleve- years of service, 69; Lieutenant Governor, land nominated for President. 66; James G. Governor and United States senator fifteen Blaine. Republican candidate. 66; New years, 69; Alternating Democratic and York State decisive battle ground, 66; Republican Governors, 70; Independent

378 I \ D E X

vote, 70; BeeomeH Governor in 1SS5 u|)oii nnnual metisnge, 116; Fully equipped for elevation of Clevelunti to Presidency, 71; duties of executive office, 116; member of Elected Governor IS85. re-elected 1SS8. 71; Congrc.ss. minister to Franco and vice-prcM- Early political career, 72; Principal execu- dent, 116; Used veto sparingly, 117; Con- tive offices, 73; Democratic and Republi- stitutional amendment, 119; Various ap- can members during iii.s seven years' service, pointments, 121; Provisions of the new 75; First annual message, 78; Belonged to Constitution, 123; Message of 1895, 127; former generation of political leaders, 79; Wide scope of questions considered, 128; Not ambitious for wealth, 79; Diligent Greater New York. 130; Centennial anni- devotion to work, SO; Business-like quality versary of the first common scliool law, of administrations, 81; Special message in 1795, 131; The liquor tax law of 1896. 133; 1887, 82; Commissioners of statutory New era in excise legislation, 133; Bill in- revision appointed, 83; Monument to his troduced by Senator John Raines, 134; " wisdom, S3; Emploj-ment of legislative The famous Raines Law," 135; The Pali- counsel, 86; Hostility to the multiplication sades, 135; Strictest economy urged. 140; of special laws, 86; Principles of State Economy subject of special message 1896, governmental policy, 87; Important stat- 141; Administration ended December 31, utes enacted during his administrations, 1896, 146.

89-90-91-92-93; Annual messages of 1887- Administration of Benjamin B. Odell, Jr., i, 88,96; Annual message of 1890, 97; Devo- 197. Took oath of office January- 1. 1901; tion to the State, 99; Loyal and generous, Inaugural address. 197; Economical use of 99; United States senator, 100. the State's money, 198; Consolidation of

Administration of Charles E. Hughes, i, 251. commissions, 199; Large saving resulted, Assumed office January 1, 1907, 252; Pub- 200; Special commissioner of jurors of New lic service commissions, 253, 254; Recom- York county abolished, 202; The State mends abolishing gas and electricity and printing, 202; Reduction of expenses, 203; railroad commissiuns, 255; Recommends Increase of income, 203; Favored exempt- abolition board of rapid transit commis- ing mortgages from taxation. 204; Taxa- sioners. New York, 256; Public service tion of trust companies, insurance com- conunissions created, 256; Election laws panies, 204; Savings banks 205; Insur- discussed in first annual message, 259; ance taxation law postponed. 206; The Direct nomination system, 200; Direct hquor tax, 206; The barge canal. 207; primary bill. 262; Legislature adjourned Annual message 1902, 208; Revenues de- without passing bill, 263; Extraordinary rived from indirect taxation, 209; Tax rate session of Legislature called, 263; Recount Jan. 1, 1901, 209; Rate of taxation in 1904, of votes at municipal election in New York 209; Good roads, 210; Total mileage of City in 1905. 263; Bill passed, 263; Annual roads in State,211; RamapoWater Co. 1901, message 1908, 264; Attention called to 213; Veto of New York and New Jersey race track gambling 1908. 264; Bills to Bridge Co. bill, 214; Removals from office, abolish race track gambling failed of passage 214; Eminently a business administration, in Senate, 264; Extraordinary session 214; Burdens of taxation lowered, 214; called, 264; Bills passed, 265; Resignation Elimination of ill-considered appropriation, of Otto Kelsey, superintendent of insur- 214; Scrupulous regard for the economies, ance, requested, 266; Removal recom- 215.

mended by Governor, 268; Senate failed Administration of Theodore Roosevelt, i, 165. to concur, 268; Various complaints against Inaugural address, 166; Replete with mat- public officials, 268, 269, 270; State roads, ters relating to the several departments, 270,271,272; Barge canal work, 272; State 167; Custom of receiving members of the forest domain, 274; Wm, Pryor Letchworth Legislatures and State officers changed, 108; gift to State. 276; The Edward H. Harri- Innovationsin conduct of executive business, man donation to State. 276, 277; Appro- 169; Newspaper representatives, 169; Per- priations 1909 and 1910, 280, 281; Amend- sonnel of the sever:d departments, 170; ments to insurance law 190S, 288; Extraor- Weekly conferences, 170; Nine million dinary session of Legislature, 291; Insur- dollar canal appropriation, 171; Committee ance reform, 292. appoint eil on canal system investigation,

Administration of Levi P. Morton, i, 1 15. 172; Appointment of Edgar M. Cullen, Accession to office January 1, 1895, 115; associate judge of the Court of Appeals, 174; Fourth Constitution of State, 115; First Wilham S. Devery and the election of 1900,

379 INDEX

174; Franchise tax bill, 177; Emergency Blaine, James G., i, 35, 66

message, 178; Bill attacked by corpora- Bloodgood. Clarence E., iii, 253

tions, ISO; Bill passed, 180; Proclamation Bond, Edward A., ii. ill. 41, 95, 97, 106

convening Legislature in extraordinary Boshart, C. Fred, iii, 293

session, 180; Canals, 181; State board of Bowers, John M., ii, 278, 297 regents and the department of instruction, Brackett, Edgar T., iv, 166

184; Tenement house commission, 185; Brewster, Henry C, iii, ill. 341

Robert W. DeForest chairman, 185; Merit Broome County, iii, 83

the test of appointment to office. Charges Brown, Goodwin, i, 75; iv, 229

against district attorney of New York Brown, Roscoe E. C, ii, 205

county, 188; Removed, 188; Vetoes, 190; Bruce, Linn M., i, 221 Pardons and commutations, 191, 192; Bryant, Joseph D., iv, ill. 43

Exacting in the observance of duty, 195. Bunn, Walter H., i, 274

Ahem, John F., i, 268 Burnett, Jean Le Rue iv, 90

Albany County, iii, 45 Burr, Aaron, i, 29

Aldridge, George W„ ii, 176, 188 Bush, Robert P., i, 75, HI, 130

Allegany County, iii, 67 Campbell, Frank, ii, 29

Andrews, Charles, ii, ill. 310, 324 Campbell, WilUam J., iv, 137

Arnold, Benedict, i, 22 Canal Department and Barge Canals, ii, 89

Arthur, Chester A., i, 29 Cantor, Jacob A., i, 75

Assembly, Blembers of, iv, 315 Carhsle, John N., ii, 200

Attorney General, ii, 35. Schout-Fiscal, 35; Carmody, Thomas, ii, 38, 205; iv, 306 First attorney general elected 1777, 35; Carpenter, F. M., iv, ill. 53

Powers and duties, 36; List, 37. Carr, Joseph B., i, 73

Bacon, Henry, iv, 105 Gary, Charles S., iii, 72

Bailey, E. Prentiss, ii, 205 Catlin, Isaac S., iv, ill. 211

Baker, Charles S., iii, ill. 339 Cattaraugus County, iii, 67

Banking department, ii, 131. Banking re- Cayuga County, iii, 107

sources of State, 131; Corporate banking, Chanler, Lewis S., ii, ill. 19

132; Early history, 132; No bank failure Chanler, Robert W., iii, 177 prior to 1819, 133; The safety fund, 133; Chautauqua County, iii, 67 Rapid increase of banks, 133; Free bank- Chemung County, iii, 123

ing law, 134; Specie reserve feature 1840, Chenango County, iii, 131

135; Bank commission aboUshed, 135; Choate, Joseph H., ii, ill. 271

The first clearing house, 136; Crisis of 1857, Church, Sanford E., ii, 324

136; Suspension of specie payment, 137; Civil Service Conamission, ii, 223 Savings banks, 138; Superintendant, 138; Clark, Myron H., iv, 6 Trust companies, 140; Private banking CHnton County, iii, 139

houses, 143; Trust company expansion, Clinton, Dewitt, i, 22, 28

144; The reserve law of 1906, 145; Reme- Coggeshall, Henry J., iii, 270 dial legislation of 1806, 148; Statistical, Cogswell. W. B., iv, iU. 63 149; Superintendents, 150. Cole, Fremont, iii, ill. 37

Bardeen, C. W., iv, ill. 75 Columbia County, iii, 141

Barnes, William, ii, 154 Comptroller, ii, 27 liarnes, William, Jr., iii, 56 Cleveland,Grover, i, 33, 34, 35, 45, 217; iii, 185

Bartlett, Edward T., ii, 327 Cobb, George H., ii, 19

Bartlett, Willard, ii, 329 Cockran, W. Bourke, ii, 273

Bass, Lyman K., i, 45 Coler, Bird S., i, 269

Beach, Daniel, ii, 71, 85, ill. 87 ColUn, Charles A., i, 69, 75, 103

Beeeher, Thomas K., Rev., i, 98, 53 Colhn, Frederick, ii, 329; iii, 123

Belden, James J., iv, 57 Colhns, Cornelius V., ii, 177, 184 Bennett, John P., iv, ill. 235 Congress, Members of, iv, 370

Bensel, John A., ii, 41 Conkling, Roscoe, i, 29, 30

Betts, C. H., iii, 107; iv, 83, 187, 229, ill. 241 Constitutional Convention, ii, 271

Beyer, F. A., iii, ill. 213 Conway, Thomas P., ii, 19

Bigelow, John, i, 31 Cook, Frederick, i, 38

Bissell, Wilson S., ii, 274; iii, 185 Cookingham, Henry J., ii, 279

Black, Frank S., i, 146, 149; iv, 23 Cornell, Alonzo B., i, 29, 31, 32, 70

380 INDEX

Coming, Erastue, i. 33 Gilbert, Frank B., iii, 13

Cornwell, George R., ii. 279; iv, 29!, ill. 311 Gilbert, John I., i, 40; ii, ill. 297

Cortland County, iii, 151 Gill, J. franklin, iii, 355

Cowie, Alexander H., iv, 49 Gleason, Lafa.vette B., iii, 167

Cowie, William, iv, 69 Glynn. .Martin H.. iii, 60, 148

Cullen, Edgar M..ii, 325 Goodelle, \V. P., ii, ill. 289

Curtis, George William, ii, 2t)4 Goodyear, Charles W., iii, ill. 181, 191

Cutler, James G., iii, ill. 343, 347 Governor, ii, 13

Danforth, George F., ii, 325 Governor, Lieutenant, ii, 17

Davi?, George A., ii, 280 Grace, William R., iv, ill. 19

Dean, Benjamin 8., ii, 280; iii, 65; ill. 73 Grady, Thomas P., i, 46, 57

DeForest, Robert W., i, 185 Grant, Frederick D., i, 38

Delaware County, iii, 167 Gratwick, William H., ii, 208

Depew, Chauncey M., i, 33; ii, 24; iv, ill. 23 Green, Andrew H., iv, 13

Devery, William S., i, 174 Green County, iii, 253

Dewey, Melvil, i, 74; ii, 63. 75, 85 Green, George E., i, 173

Dickinson, Charles M., iii, 83; ill. 95 Griffith, F. W., iv, ill. 245

Dickinson, Daniel S., i, 30; iii, 86, 125 Griffith, William M., i, 149

Digney, John M., iv, ill. 261 Haffen, Louis F., i, 268

Diplomatic Service, 369 Haight, -Mbert T., ii, 327

Dix, Gen. John A., i, .30, 31, 70 Hall, Benjamin E., ii, 259

Dix, John Alden, iv, 153, 224 Hamilton, Alexander, i, 22

Doty, Lockwood R.. ii, 280; iii, 301 Hamilton County, iii, 275

Douglass, Anthony C iii, ill. 361 Harriman, Edward H.. i, 276 DowUng, Victor J., ii, 332 Hazard, F. R., iv, ill. 71

Downs, F. L., iv, ill. 110 Hearst, William Randolph, i, 263

Draper, Andrew S., ii, 54, 71, 86 Heller, Da-iid N., iii, 123, 130

Driscoll, George W., iv, 27 Hendrick, Peter A., ii, 332

Driscoll, Michael E., iv, 70 Hendricks, Francis, i, 76,176; ii,161; iv,ill.53

Duffy, James P. B., iii, ill. 345 Henry. Gen. Nelson H., iv. ill. 35

Dunn, George W., ii, 188; iii, 91 Hepburn. A. Barton, ii, 141, 150

Dunn, John, Jr., iv, ill. 79 Herkimer County, iii, 263

Dunn, Thomas B., ii, 34 Herrick, D. Cady, iii, 51 Dutchess County, iii. 171 Hicks. Edwin, iv. 187

Earl, Robert, ii, 324 Higgins. Frank W.. i. 207; iii, 69

Educational Department, ii, 43 Hill, David B., i, 34, 36, 40. 69; iii. 125

Eggleston, Joseph E., iii, 151 Hill. Henry W., ii. ill. 89

Ellsworth, Timothy L.. i, 204; iii, ill. 15 Hinman, Harvey D., iii. 105

Erie County, iii, 179 Hiscock. Frank H.. ii. 329

Essex County, iii, 221 Hoffman, John T., i, 31, 70

Evarts, William M., i, 30, 36, 40 Holden, H. C, iv, ill. 67

Fassett, J. Sloat, i, 41, 75; iii, ill. 127 Hood, Charles N., iv, 107

Fenton, Reuben E., i, 29, 31, 70, 217 Hooker, Percy S., iii, 243

Fillmore, Millard, i, 29; iii, 110 Hornblower, William B., ii, 273; iv, ill. 27

Finch, Francis M., ii, 326 Hotchkiss, William H., i, 290

Fiske, Edwin W.. iv, ill. 269 Howe, John B.. i. 45; iii, 315

Flint, Austin, Dr., ii, 215 Hughes. Charles E.. i, 251

Flower, Roswell P., i, 33, 40, 103; iii, 281 Hugo, Francis M., iii. 280 Foelker, Otto G., i, 265 Huppuch, W. A., ii. 200

Folger, Charles J., i, 33; ii, 324; iv, 85 Hurd. Ferris P., iv, ill. 309

Folks, Homer, ii, 187 Hurd, Oliver P., iv, 179

Franchot, Nicholas Van Vranken, i, 221 Insurance Department, ii, 151

Franklin County, iii, 225 Jefferson County, iii, 277

French, Alvah P., iv, 259 Jefferson, Thomas, i, 24

Fuller, -Howard N., iii, 45; iv, 175 Jerome, William Travers, i, 269

Fulton County, iii, 231 Johnson, William Fletcher, iv, 13

Genesee County, iii, 235 Jones, Edward F., i, 39, 73; iii, 96

Gerard, James W., ii, 332 Judiciary, The, ii, 311

381 INDEX

Kear, Edward A., iv, ill. 265 Murlin, Edgar L., i, 197, 251; ii, 239

Keck, Jeremiah, iii. 233 Murphy, Edward, Jr., i. 41

Kelly, John, i, 29 Nassau County, iii, 353

Kelsey, Otto, i, 221, 266; iii, 303 National Officers, iv, 369 Kenefick, Daniel J., ii, 334 New York, iv, 13

Kennedy, John J,, ii, 34 Niagara County, iii, 355

Keogh, Martin J., ii, 332, 334 NicoU, DeLancy, ii, 278

Kernan, John D., i, 39 Nixon, S. Fred, i, 236; iii, ill. 25

Ketcham, John H., iii, 171 North, Safford E., iii, 241 Kingman, LeRoy W., iv, 209 Northrup. A. Judd, ii, 311 Kings County, iii, 291 Nottingham, WiUiam, ii, 86, 87; iv. ill. 73

Knapp, Charles L., iii, 297 O'Brien, Dennis, i, 73; ii, 326

Knapp. Walter H., iv, 89 O'Brien, Morgan J., ii, 331 Lamont, Daniel S., iii, 162; iv, ill. 31 O'Connor, Edmund, iii, ill. 292

Lansing, Abraham, iii, ill. 49 Odell, Benjamin B., Jr., i, 197

Lapham, Elbridge G., iv, 85 O 'Gorman, James A., ii, 331

Lauterbach, Edward, ii, ill. 69 Olcott, Dudley, iii, ill. 57

Leary. Michael A., ii, 274 O'Malley, Edward R., ii, 38

Lederle, Dr. Ernest J., i, 232 Oneida County, iii, 263 Legislature, The, iii, 13 Onondaga County, iv, 49 Letchworth, Ogden P., iii, ill. 209 Ontario County, iv, 83

Letchworth, William Pryor, i, 275; ii, 195 Orange County, iv, 97 Lewis County, iii. 293 Orleans County, iv, 107

L'Hommedieu, Irving, iv, ill. 109 Osborne, Thomas Mott, ii, 200; iii, 122

Lincoln. Charle? Z. i, 115; ii, 280 Osborne, William C, ii. 216 Littauer, Lucius N., iii, 232 Oswego County, iv. Ill Little, J. J., iv, ill. 39 Otsego County, iii, 167

Livingston County, iii, 301 Parker, Alton B., i, 42; ii, 325; iii, 162

Livingstone, PhiHp, i, ISS Parker, Fred B., iii, 238, ill, 241

Livingstone, Robert R., iii, 143 Parkhurst, J. W., iv, 89

Lockwood, Daniel N., ii, 216; iii, ill. 191 Parsons, Robert S., iii, ill. 101

Lord. George P., u, 205; iv, ill. 307 Payne, Sereno E., iii, 118

MacDonald, Carlos F., Dr., ii, 208 Peck, Rufus T., iii, 156

Madison County, iii, 315 Peckham, Rufus W., ii, 326

Manning, Daniel, iii, 50 Perley, Frank E., i, 217

Manning, James H., iii, 204 Pitts, Edmund L., iv, ill. 107

Marcy, William L., i, 29 Piatt, Chester C, iii, 235

Martin, Celora E., ii, 327, 333; iii, iU. 85 Piatt, Edmund, iii, 171

Marvin, Robert N., iii, ill. 77 Piatt, John I., iii, 176

Mayors, iv, 368 Piatt, Thomas C, i, 29

McCall, James, iv, 195 Pooley, Charles A., iii, ill. 199

McCall, John A., i, 74 Porter, Charles E., ii, 334

McCarren, P. H., iii, ill. 21 Porter, Dr. Eugene H., ii, 262

McCarroU, William, ii, 200 Pound, Cuthbert W., ii, 334

McCleland, Charles P., ii. 276 Priest, George E., ii, 258 McClcUan, George B., i, 263, 269; iv, 240 Prime, Spencer G., iii, 221 McClure, David, ii, 278 Principal Offices, Vote for, iv, 373

McGuire, James K., iv, 53 Proctor, Thomas R., iii, ill. 269

McKelway, Clair St., ii, 72, 87 Public Service Commission, ii, 211

Miller, Theodore, ii, 325 Putnam County, iv, 123

Miller, Warner, i, 39; iii, 265 Queens County, iv, 127

Milliken, Charles F., ii, 205; iv, 90 Railroad Commission, ii, 209

Miscellaneous, ii, 261 Raines, George, iii, 334,

Mon-oe County, iii, 323 Raines, John, i, 76, 236; iv, ill. 91

Montgomery County, iii, 349 Raines, Thomas, ii, 274 Morris. Daniel, iv, ill. 301 Rapello, Charles A., ii, 325

Morton, Levi P., i, 115; iv, 21 Reed, Robert H., iii, ill. 217

Muhleman, Maurice L., ii, 131 Reid, Whitelaw.ii, ill. 43, 72, 85, 87

382 INDEX

Rensselaer County, iv, 139 Suffolk County, iv, 203

Rice, Frank, i. 40; iv, 87 Sullivan County, iv, 205

Rice, William Ci.. i. 74 Superintendent of Public Works, ii, 163 Richmond County, iv, 155 Thomas, George A., iii, 131

RichmonJ, Dean, i, 29; iii, 234 Tilden, .Samuel J., i, 29, 30, 31, 70; ii, 168

Richmond, Henry A., ii, 204; iii, ill. 197 Tioga County, iv, 209 Roberts, James A., ii, ill. 29 Tompkins County, iv, 217

Robinson, Lucius, i, 31, 70; iv. 125, 256 Tompkins, Daniel D., i, 29 Rockland County, iv, 157 Tompkins, I. N., iv, ill. 267

Rockwood, Na.sh, iii. 231, 275, 349; iv, 165, 223 Tracy, Gen. Benjamin F., ii, ill. 315

Roosevelt, Theotlore, i, 165 Tully, William J., i, 236; iii, ill. 33

Root, Elihu, ii, ill. 2SI Ulster County, iii, 167

Rosendale, Simon W., n, 38 Van Buren, Martin, i, 29; iii, 146

Ruger, William C ii, 324 VanderVeer, Albert, ii, ill. 73 Ruggles, William B., ii, .52 Vann, Irving G., ii, 328; iv, 66

Rumsey, Wdliam, i, 39 Van Voorhis, John, iii, 339

Ru>hmore, il. S., iii, 353; iv, 127, 203 Van Wyck, Robert A., iv, 39

Ruttenber, J. Walker, iv, 97, 157. 205 Wadsworth, James W., i, 33; ii, 303

Sague, James E., ii, 200 Wadsworth, James W., Jr., iii, ill. 29, 309

Sague, John K., iii, 177 Wait, William, iii, 141 St. Lawrence County, iv, 163 Wait, William H., iv, ill. 181 Sanger, Carey William, ii, 216 Ward, Francis G., iii, ill. 205 Saratoga County, iv, 165 Warren County, iv, 223 Saunders, A. D., iii. ill. 237 Washington County, iv, 139

Sawyer, Samuel Nelspn, ii, 334 Watson, William H., ii, ill. 77

Scatcherd, John N., i, 173 Wayne County, iv, 229

Schanzenbach, J. M., iv, ill. 199 Weed, Smith M., i, 38

Schenectady County, iv, 175 Weed, Tlmriow, i, 29; iii, 260

Schoharie County, iii, 161 Weed, William A., iii. 263

Schuyler County, iv. 179 Werner, William E., ii, 328

Schuyler, Peter, i, 22 Westchester County, iv, 259

Seaver, F. J., iii, 225 Whalen. John, iv, ill. 45

Secretary of State, ii, 21 Whipple. James S., i, 270; iii, 73 Senators, State, iv, 362 White, Andrew D., ii, ill. 47

Senators, L^nited States, iv, 370 White, Horace, ii, 19 Seneca County, iv, 187 Whitney, William C, ii, 278; iv, ill. 15

.Seward, William H., i, 22 Wilcox, Ansley, i, 188

Seward, William H., Jr., iii, 114 Willcox, William R.,ii, 211

Sexton, Pliny T., ii, ill. 62 Willers, Diedrich, Jr.. i, 31

Sheehan, William F., i, 75; ii, 19 Williams, Clark, ii. 30

Shephard, Edward M., iv, 40 Williams, Frank M., ii, 41

Sherman, James S., iii, 266 Williams, Timothy S., i, 74

.Shevlin, James, iii, ill. 291 Wilner, Merton M., iii, 179

Sibley, Hiram, iii. ill. 3.33 Winslow, Gen. Bradley, iv, 277 Sickles, Gen. Daniel E., ii, 204; iv, iU. 33 W^inters, Byram L., iv, ill. 212

Smith, Lyman C, iv, ill. 59 Witherbee, Frank S., i. 172; iii. 220

Smith, Ray B., iv, ill. 57 Wood, Fernando, i, 29

Smith, T. Guilford, ii, ill. 59 Woodbery. Egbert E.. ii, 359

Soehmer, William, ii, 30 Woodin. William B., iii, HI

State Charities, ii. 187 Woodruff, Timothy L., ii, 19

State Commission in Lunacy, ii, 229 Woodward, John, ii, 334

State Engineer and Surveyor, ii, 39 Woodworth, John L., iv. 271

State Prisons, ii, 177 Wright, Maurice L., ii, 274; iv. 111 State Tax Commission, ii, 239 Wyckoff, G. E., iv, 217 State. The, i, 13 Wyoming County, iv. 271 State Treasurer, ii, 31 Yates County, iv, 291

Steuben County, iv, 195 Youngs, William J., i, 165

Stevens, Frederick, i, 227; ii, 121 Zabriskie, Lansing N., iii, ill. 113