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Marine History Operations in Iraq: Operation Iraqi Freedom I Marine History Operations in Iraq Operation Iraqi Freedom I A Catalog of Interviews and Recordings, Historical Documents, Photographs and Combat Art compiled by LtCol Nathan S. Lowrey, USMCR Occasional Paper HISTORY AND MUSEUMS DIVISION UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS WASHINGTON, D.C. 2005 The device reproduced on the front cover is the oldest military insignia in continuous use in the United States. It first appeared, as shown here, on Marine Corps buttons adopted in 1804. With the stars changed to five points, this device is still in use on Marine Corps buttons. Marine History Operations in Iraq Operation Iraqi Freedom I A Catalog of Interviews and Recordings, Historical Documents, Photographs and Combat Art compiled by LtCol Nathan S. Lowrey, USMCR Occasional Paper HISTORY AND MUSEUMS DIVISION UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS WASHINGTON, D.C. 2005 PCN 19000413700 i DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public Release; Distribution is unlimited Other Publications in the Occasional Papers Series Vietnam Histories Workshop: Plenary Session. Jack Shulimson, editor. 9 May1983. 31 pp. Vietnam Revisited; Conversation with William D. Broyles, Jr. Colonel John G. Miller, USMC, editor. 11 December 1984. 48 pp. Bibliography on Khe Sanh USMC Participation. Commander Ray W. Strubbe, CHC, USNR (Ret), compiler. April 1985. 54 pp. Alligators, Buffaloes, and Bushmasters: The History of the Development of the LVT Through World War II. Major Alfred Dunlop Bailey, USMC (Ret). 1986. 272 pp. Leadership Lessons and Remembrances from Vietnam. Lieutenant General Herman Nickerson, Jr., USMC (Ret). 1988. 93 pp. The Problems of U.S. Marine Corps Prisoners of War in Korea. James Angus MacDonald, Jr. 1988. 295 pp. John Archer Lejeune, 1869-1942, Register of His Personal Papers. Lieutenant Colonel Merrill L. Bartlett, USMC (Ret). 1988. 123 pp. To Wake Island and Beyond: Reminiscences. Brigadier General Woodrow M. Kessler, USMC (Ret). 1988. 145 pp. Thomas Holcomb, 1879-1965, Register of His Personal Papers. Gibson B. Smith. 1988. 229 pp. Curriculum Evolution, Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 1920-1988. Lieutenant Colonel Donald F. Bittner, USMCR. 1988. 112 pp. Herringbone Cloak-GI Dagger, Marines of the OSS. Major Robert E. Mattingly, USMC. 1989. 315 pp. The Journals of Marine Second Lieutenant Henry Bulls Watson, 1845-1848. Charles R. Smith, editor. 1990. 420 pp. When the Russians Blinked: The U.S. Maritime Response to the Cuban Missile Crisis. Major John M. Young, USMCR. 1990. 246 pp. Marines in the Mexican War. Gabrielle M. Neufeld Santelli. Edited by Charles R. Smith. 1991. 63 pp. The Development of Amphibious Tactics in the U.S. Navy. General Holland M. Smith, USMC (Ret). 1992. 89 pp. James Guthrie Harbord, 1866-1947, Register of His Personal Papers. Lieutenant Colonel Merrill L. Bartlett, USMCR. 1995. 47 pp. The Impact of Project 100,000 on the Marine Corps. Captain David A. Dawson, USMC. 1995. 247 pp. Marine Corps Aircraft: 1913-2000. Major John M. Elliot, USMC (Ret). 2002. 126 pp. Thomas Holcomb and the Advent of the Marine Corps Defense Battalion, 1936-1941. David J. Ulbrich. 2004. 78 pp. Occasional Papers The History and Museums Division has undertaken the publication for limited distribution of various studies, theses, compilations, bibliographies, monographs, and memoirs, as well as proceedings at selected workshops, seminars, symposia, and similar colloquia, which it considers to be of significant value for audiences interested in Marine Corps history. These “Occasional Papers,” which are chosen for their intrinsic worth, must reflect structured research, present a contribution to historical knowledge not readily available in published sources, and reflect original content on the part of the author, compiler, or editor. It is the intent of the Division that these occasional papers be distributed to selected institutions, such as service schools, official Department of Defense historical agencies, and directly concerned Marine Corps organizations, so the information contained therein will be available for study and exploitation. ii FOREWORD The mission of the History and Museums Division is to collect, collate, analyze, and display the cumulative operational and institutional experiences of the U.S. Marine Corps. In this endeavor, its first priority is to help orient, educate, and train Marines to accomplish their mission, and to inform the American public about what it is that we Marines do. The collection phase falls to the Field History Branch, which comprises a handful of Reserve historians and combat artists. Their job is to observe and document military operations at first hand. During Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), the field historians and combat artists served in theater with their supported units, under wartime conditions. Once attention has shifted from Iraq and new conflicts arise, the interviews, documents, photographs and artwork collected and created by these Marines will serve as permanent reminders of the efforts and achievements of individual Marines and their units. In recognition of their efforts during Operations Enduring and Iraqi Freedom, the Field History Branch has been recommended for a Meritorious Unit Citation, the proposed citation of which is presented below: For meritorious service from 1 October 2001 to 30 August 2003. During this period, the Field History Branch, History and Museums Division, Marine Corps University, conducted an unprecedented series of operations in support of Marine Corps participation in the Global War on Terrorism and produced an unprecedented amount of valuable historical material. In late 2001, three field historians and one combat artist deployed to Bahrain, Kuwait, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Kenya. In October 2002, the Branch began the difficult work of preparing to embed individual augmentees for Operation Iraqi Freedom. By the time the war began in March 2003, field historians were in place from the Horn of Africa to Northern Iraq at most major Marine and joint commands; many served under austere and sometimes dangerous conditions. The Branch continued to cover Marine operations in the summer months, through the turnover to other forces. Its products included more than 1300 recorded oral history interviews, over 250 recorded briefings and meetings, 1000s of digital and film photographs, over 100 field sketches and finished pieces of artwork, and some 20,000 digital and paper documents, as well a number of historic artifacts destined for future museum display. Through their accomplishments, the field historians and combat artists of History and Museums Division, as well as those who supported them, iii reflected great credit upon themselves and upheld the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service. As America continues to prosecute the war on terrorism, two historians have moved on to command artillery and reconnaissance units in the Marine Corps Reserves and are either preparing to deploy or are currently serving abroad. Others have again returned to active duty at the Marine Corps Historical Center, some from retirement, to accomplish tasks ranging from the writing of monographs to documenting ongoing operations in Afghanistan, Haiti, and Iraq. We also have several new historians, one recently demobilized after having fought his way to Baghdad as part of the 4th Light Armored Reconnaissance battalion. One of those returning historians is Lieutenant Colonel Nathan S. Lowrey charged with creating this guide to the material collected during the first phase of OIF. Lieutenant Colonel Lowrey, and infantry officer, attended the University of Maine before being commissioned in the Marine Corps in 1985. He subsequently joined 3d Battalion, 4th Marines at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina and was deployed to Panama during Operation Just Cause. In 1991, following a successful tour at Recruiting Station Portland, Oregon he transferred to the Marine Corps Reserves and 2d Battalion, 24th Marines. Lieutenant Colonel Lowrey has been with the History and Museums Division since 1998, deploying as a field historian during Operations Joint Guardian, Enduring Freedom, and Iraqi Freedom. He recently received his Ph.D. in Archaeology from American University and, in addition to organizing data collected during OIF II, is currently researching Marine Corps operations in Afghanistan. John W. Ripley Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps (Retired) Director of Marine Corps History and Museums iv PREFACE During the first year of Operation Iraqi Freedom, 12 members of the Field Operations Branch visited more than 73 locations; ashore and afloat, inside and outside of the continental United States. While doing so, they spoke with more than 1,300 individuals from more than 200 military, government, and civilian organizations. This resulted in the collection and preservation of an unprecedented amount of historical data, to include paper and electronic documents, digital photographs, oral interviews, three- dimensional artifacts, and combat artwork. In this occasional paper, an interim product produced while the Archives Section at the Historical Division continues to accession the rapidly growing collection of materials from Operations Enduring and Iraqi Freedom, our intent is to provide researchers with a preliminary user-friendly catalogue of the information we collected. Following a brief introduction, Chapters 2 through 6 list oral history interviews by command, ground combat, aviation, and combat service support elements, as well as coalition forces. Next, Chapters 7 through 10 list the recordings, documents,
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