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The CH-148 Cyclone Heads out to Sea

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The CH-148 Cyclone Heads out to Sea The CH-148 Cyclone Heads Out To Sea The History of the Canadian Maritime Helicopter Project By Kenneth I. Swartz t was a turbulent 11-year journey The first CH-148 Cyclone helicopter fully manned by Royal Canadian Air Force personnel from contract signing to first delivery, successfully landed on a Canadian warship at sea on Jan. 27, 2016. (DND photo) but the Sikorsky CH-148 Cyclone I deck landings and handling a routine “The Capability Release 1.1 CH-148 maritime helicopter finally entered Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) service in operation, even in very rough seas. Cyclone helicopter is a formidable June 2015. The CH-124 Sea King has served maritime platform with the capability The new fly-by-wire Cyclone is Canada with distinction since 1963, to perform anti-submarine warfare, derived from Sikorsky’s commercial but attempts to renew the country’s anti-surface warfare, utility transport S-92, but is a major technological maritime helicopter fleet have faced and search and rescue missions with advancement as Canada’s first many political and procurement the added benefits of additional speed, true intelligence, surveillance and setbacks. cabin space, range and endurance reconnaissance (ISR) helicopter. The Then on Nov. 20, 2004, Canada placed over the CH-124 Sea King; in its final CH-148 is equipped with a fully- a C$5B ($3.9B) order with Sikorsky for configuration, the Cyclone will bring integrated mission system, 21st-century 28 CH-148 Cyclones to introduce one of modern anti-submarine and anti-surface sensors and a multi-mission cabin that the world’s most advanced multi-role warfare capabilities to a level that can will provide a quantum leap in capability maritime helicopters to replace the only be defined as world class.” when deployed on warships of the Royal 50-year-old Sea Kings. Eight CH-148 Cyclones are now Canadian Navy (RCN) or flying other The Cyclone program got off to a in service at 12 Wing Shearwater, missions. promising start, but suffered a series Nova Scotia, and the entire fleet of of well-publicized delays “which seems 28 Cyclones is scheduled to be fully to be the norm for most sophisticated operational by 2021 following a series of The Sea King Successor maritime helicopter programs, as well as block upgrades. ixty years ago, Canada made the many of Canada’s recent large military bold decision to operate large day/ procurement initiatives,” said Canadian Canadian Naval Aviation night all-weather anti-submarine defense analyst Martin Shadwick with S anadian naval aviators served warfare (ASW) helicopters from the York University in Toronto. decks of small destroyers to counter “Canada has over 50 years of with distinction in the First and a growing Soviet submarine threat maritime helicopter experience CSecond World Wars, but it wasn’t beneath the North Atlantic. operating the CH-124 Sea King until 1946 that the Royal Canadian Skeptics said they couldn’t operate a helicopter platform, and now is on the Navy (RCN) formed its own aviation arm large Sikorsky Sea King-sized helicopter cusp of deploying a new weapon system at Shearwater, near Halifax to equip from the heaving deck of a destroyer built to its specific requirements and Canada’s first postwar aircraft carrier. in the stormy ocean, but the RCN performance parameters,” explained The RCN acquired three Bell HTL persevered and perfected a helicopter William Falk, Sikorsky Program Director, (47D) helicopters in 1951, three Sikorsky “haul down” system that made small Canadian Maritime Helicopter Program. HO4S-2s (S-55) in 1952, and three 18 VERTIFLITETIFLITE May/JuneMay/June 20162016 Canadian assembly of the Sikorsky CHSS-2 at its plant in Longueuil, Québec. The RCN took delivery of 41 CHSS-2s between 1962 and 1969, 37 of which were assembled in Canada. The Sea Kings equipped the aircraft carrier HMCS Bonaventure and the new helicopter/ destroyer fleet, and featured Canadian- made mission systems, strengthened landing gear and an automatic tail pylon folding system. “Beartrap” Haul Down The Royal Canadian Navy ordered the Sea King in the 1960s under the bold premise that it could System operate the large helicopters from the decks of small destroyers. Today, the aircraft conducts onsidered Canada’s greatest gift to frequent surface patrol missions. (Canadian Forces Combat Camera photo, January 2016) naval aviation, Canadian-designed Laurent-class destroyers to Cand built helicopter haul-down, extend the range of the ship’s securing and traversing systems are now anti-submarine sensors and widely used by navies around the world. provide an independent search The Canadian “Beartrap” system — the and attack capability. Helicopter Hauldown Rapid Securing RCN helicopters were already Device (HHRSD) — was first developed flying from the icebreaker HMCS between 1962 and 1965 by the RCN’s Labrador in the Arctic, but No. 10 Experimental Squadron (VX-10) could a larger ASW helicopter in collaboration with Fairey Aviation of safely operate from the heaving Canada, Sikorsky, P&WC and Dowty of deck of a 2,500-ton destroyer Canada. in the stormy and rough North The system entered RCN service in Atlantic? April 1967 and was cleared for day and The RCN was entering night operations to 30 degrees of roll uncharted waters, so sea trials and nine degrees of pitch up to Sea were conducted with a RCN State 6 — a wave height of 13 to 20 ft (4 HO4S-3 onboard the HMCS to 6 m). Buckingham fitted with a The haul-down system uses a winch temporary helideck in 1956, and cable to reel in the hovering helicopter, a heavier RCAF Sikorsky H-34 much like a fisherman reeling in a trout. (S-58) on the HMCS Ottawa in Landings are made during a lull in the 1957. ship’s motion; the two steel jaws with The trials confirmed that a spring-loaded teeth of the “beartrap” large helicopter could operate snap around a probe extending to the from a destroyer in rough seas, underside of the helicopter to firmly but the helicopter needed secure the aircraft to the ship’s deck. The Helicopter Hauldown Rapid Securing Device to be a robust design, the (HHRSD) uses a “beartrap” (under the fuselage) to winch The helicopter-destroyer marriage in the aircraft and grab the main probe; the tail probe warship needed an enclosed added a long-range “hunter-killer” guides the aircraft along the track. (Dept. of National maintenance hangar, and a capability to the Navy’s destroyer fleet Defence photo, September 2012) system had to be developed that proved more cost effective than an to safely guide a hovering aircraft carrier, and ultimately facilitated Piasecki HUP-3s in 1954 for training, helicopter to the deck and the HMCS Bonaventure’s retirement in icebreaker and SAR duties. Then it rapidly secure it to a rolling and pitching 1970. acquired 10 Sikorsky HO4S-3 anti- deck. submarine warfare (ASW) helicopters RCN committed to modifying seven Canadian Armed Forces with dipping sonars to equip Helicopter St. Laurent-class and the last two CH-124 Strike (HS) 50 Squadron, which first Annapolis-class destroyers for helicopter embarked aboard the aircraft carrier operations before it selected a new he CHSS-2 was re-designated Her Majesty’s Canadian Ship (HMCS) turbine-powered day/night all-weather the CH-124 in 1968 following Magnificent in July 1955. ASW helicopter. Tunification of the Canadian Armed Almost from the beginning, the The single-engine Kaman HU2K Forces and became the CH-124A in the Canadian Naval Warfare Study Group Seasprite was initially favoured by the 1970s when the Sea King Improvement had the revolutionary idea of deploying RCN, but United Aircraft of Canada (Pratt Program (SKIP) added a Litton APS-503 larger ASW helicopters with their own & Whitney Canada) won the helicopter surveillance radar, modern avionics and sonar and weapons onboard new St. contract with a bid that included sonobuoy chutes. 19Vol. 62, No. 3 VERTIFLITE May/June 201619 The Royal Canadian Air Force bought 15 CH-149 Cormorant helicopters The first prototype CH-148 demonstrated the automatic main rotor and — four seen here at Sydney Airport, Nova Scotia — for search and rescue tail folding capabilities. The folding composite tail pylons are built by missions. (Canadian Forces photo, March 2009) Kaman’s PlasticFab. (Sikorsky photo, December 2009) Between 1963 and 1974, Sea Kings New Shipborne Aircraft (NSA) in the later, in 2011, Canada spent C$164M flew with HS 50 until it was split into mid-1980s and then by the Maritime to buy nine grounded AgustaWestland HS 423 and HS 443. These squadrons, Helicopter Project (MHP) in the early VH-71 Kestrels from the cancelled VXX along with 406 Maritime Operational 2000s. US Presidential Helicopter program for Training Squadron, were all based at In 1992, the Conservative spare parts and potential conversion to Shearwater until HS 443 Squadron government of Prime Minister new CH-149 Cormorants). moved to Patricia Bay (Victoria Brian Mulroney signed a contract The Sea King replacement was stalled International Airport), British Columbia, worth C$5.8B ($4.9B USD) to buy 50 for 10 years until Prime Minister Paul in July 1989 to support Canadian EH101 helicopters from the Anglo- Martin replaced Chrétien in December warships based on the west coast. Italian consortium EH Industries Ltd, 2003 and immediately issued a tender Until the end of the Cold War, the comprising 35 CH-148 Petrels for naval for a new maritime helicopter. Sea King was primarily used to extend use and 15 CH-149 Chimos for search the anti-submarine capabilities of the and rescue, with all the aircraft to be Maritime destroyers and frigates on which it assembled at the Bell Helicopter Textron Helicopter Project was embarked.
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