Report of the Tomato Genetics Cooperative
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Report of the Tomato Genetics Cooperative Volume 60 December 2010 Report of the Tomato Genetics Cooperative Number 60- December 2010 University of Florida Gulf Coast Research and Education Center 14625 County Road 672 Wimauma, FL 33598 USA Foreword The Tomato Genetics Cooperative, initiated in 1951, is a group of researchers who share and interest in tomato genetics, and who have organized informally for the purpose of exchanging information, germplasm, and genetic stocks. The Report of the Tomato Genetics Cooperative is published annually and contains reports of work in progress by members, announcements and updates on linkage maps and materials available. The research reports include work on diverse topics such as new traits or mutants isolated, new cultivars or germplasm developed, interspecific transfer of traits, studies of gene function or control or tissue culture. Relevant work on the Solanaceous species is encouraged as well. Paid memberships currently stand at approximately 94 (includes those paid in 2009 and beyond) from 16 countries. Cover: Design by Dolly Cummings. Bacterial wilt incited by Ralstonia solanacearum is a serious threat to tomato production in many humid tropical production regions. Breeding for resistance has been a challenge due to multiple strains of the bacterium, variable environmental effects on disease expression, largely unknown genetics for resistance, and linkage of resistance to small fruit size. Locating molecular markers tightly linked to resistance genes should be a boon to future breeding efforts and with the tomato genome now sequenced this research may advance much more rapidly than in the past. This years‟ feature article explores the major sources (“roots”) of bacterial wilt resistance and thereby sheds light on the relationships of genotypes that could be used in studies to locate molecular markers. Precision in the exact identification of sources is hampered by a lack of information or by conflicting information. Unfortunately some of the old sources are no longer available. If you read the article and have information that would help us improve the article please contact us. We live in an electronic age and if we get better information we will put it in the article and future versions may be better than the one published in December of 2010. If you have seed of a rare source line send it to us and we will see that it gets in a gene bank. Thanks for your help. 2 Table of Contents Foreword 2 Announcements 4 Feature Article Tomato resistance to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanaearum E.F. Smith: ancestry and peculiarities Daunay M.C., Laterrot H., Scott J.W., Hanson P., Wang J.-F 6 Fig 1: Origins Tomato Bacterial Wilt material 20 Table 1: Summing up of the phenotype of some breeding lines 21 Fig 2-12: Pedigree Montage 30 Research Reports Preliminary Observations on the Effectiveness of Five Introgressions for Resistance to Begomoviruses in Tomatoes Luis Mejía, Rudy E. Teni, Brenda E. García, Ana Cristina Fulladolsa, and Luis Méndez; Sergio Melgar, and Douglas P. Maxwell 41 Preliminary report on association of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ with field grown tomatoes in Guatemala Luis Mejía, Amilcar Sánchez, and Luis Méndez; D. P. Maxwell; R. L. Gilberston; V.V. Rivera and G.A. Secor 54 Study of epidermal cell size of petals and stamens in tomato species and hybrids using confocal laser-scanning microscopy Christopher Lofty, Julian Smith, Pravda Stoeva-Popova 58 Stock Lists 66 Membership List 101 Author Index 107 3 Announcements From the editor: Help I‟ve fallen behind and I can‟t catch up! The 2010 TGC is late as a result but it is still 2010 so it could be worse- my apologies for the delay. This is our first year of our “electronic only” (see below) format and we are determining how to proceed. No dues were requested from the members in 2010 as most (but not all) costs are associated with printing and mailing the report. On the web we will post only the Table of Contents for a year and will mail a link to an electronic version of Volume 60 to members who paid in 2009. We can also send a printed version to those who want one and will pay to have one sent. Members will receive an email about this option. The cost would be $20US for domestic members and $25US for foreign members. Make checks payable to The University of Florida from a US bank or a bank with a US affiliation. Sorry no credit cards can be used. If you do not have easy access to a bank with a US affiliation we can accept cash in US dollars. For those who only want the electronic version we will ask for dues of $10 per year starting in 2011. Members will receive an email about this in spring 2011 but send in your dues at any time, either for electronic only or for electronic and printed versions as per the prices stated above. I have not been happy with the key word search of the TGC Reports available on our website: (http://tgc.ifas.ufl.edu/) as it picks up words in areas outside of the reports such as from the Table of Contents and thus is somewhat messy. We have discussed a way to fix this and hope to have it fixed in 2011. You can see that there are only 3 research reports in this volume. This epitomizes the trend we have been seeing over the last several years as researchers are not sending in reports. Perhaps this year‟s dearth of reports is due in part to the change to an electronic only format. However, I do see a place for the TGC here in the 21st century and plan to keep moving forward. I hope you will help by retaining your membership or becoming a member if you are not presently one and by sending in reports, varietal pedigrees etc. Last but certainly not least, my heartfelt thanks to Dolly Cummings who keeps TGC business in order around here. Thanks to Dolly and Christine Cooley who work on the website updates. My contact information: Jay W. Scott, Ph.D. Gulf Coast Research & Education Center 14625 CR 672 Wimauma, FL 33598 USA Phone: 813-633-4135; Fax: 813-634-0001 Email: [email protected] Jay W. Scott Managing Editor 4 Upcoming meetings: February 17-19, 2011, Sol-Conference 2011 Chiangmai, Thailand http://www.sol-symposium2011.com/abstra.aspx March 20-23, 2011 43rd Tomato Breeders Roundtable * El Cid Castilla Beach Resort Hotel, Mazatlan, Sinaloa,, Mexico. http://tgc.ifas.ufl.edu/2011TBR.htm April 11-14 2011 XVIIth EUCARPIA Meeting - Section Vegetables - Working Group Tomato, Málaga, Spain http://www.eucarpiatomato2011.org October 16-20, 2011 SOL & ICuGl Joint Conference 2011 Tsukuba International Congress Center (EPOCHAL), Tsukuba, Japan http://www.sol2011.jp * Recently cancelled-might be held in conjunction with the Tomato Disease Workshop in October at Cornell University, date not yet set nor is it official yet so check for updates on the TGC website at http://tgc.ifas.ufl.edu . 5 FEATURE ARTICLE TGC REPORT VOLUME 60, 2010 Tomato resistance to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanaearum E.F. Smith: ancestry and peculiarities Daunay M.C. (1), Laterrot H. (1bis), Scott J.W. (3), Hanson P. (4), Wang J.-F (4). (1) INRA, UR 1052, Montfavet, France, (1bis) retiree of INRA, UR 1052 (2) CIRAD, Pôle 3P, Saint Pierre, Réunion Island, France (3) University of Florida, Gulf Coast Research & Education Center, Wimauma, Florida, USA (4) AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center, Tainan, Taiwan Summary Several national tomato breeding projects began work on developing varieties resistant to bacterial wilt over 60 years ago and several varieties created in the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s and later on are still found as reference varieties in many recent publications dealing with the genetics of resistance. From the beginning there were many exchanges of resistant material between the breeding programs that are difficult to retrace because published information is scarce. As a consequence the source(s) of resistance of the reference varieties, and the relationships between these varieties are often unclear. This paper provides a synthesis of the relationships between the breeding carried out in Puerto Rico, the USA (North Carolina, Hawaii, Florida), Japan, the Philippines, the French West Indies, and Taiwan, the main sources of resistance that they used, as well as the parentage between the lines they created. The limits of the reliability of our results are explained. The information on the resistance of many bacterial wilt resistant lines to other vascular diseases is also summarized together with some other peculiarities, in order to provide a synthesis useful for breeding bacterial wilt resistant tomatoes and for further genetic studies of the resistance patterns. Introduction Bacterial wilt is caused by the pathogen formerly known as Pseudomonas solanacearum, transitorily renamed Burkholderia solanacearum (Yabuuchi et al., 1992) and presently accepted as Ralstonia solanacearum (Yabuuchi et al., 1995; Vaneechoutte et al., 2004). Developing varieties with resistance has challenged tomato breeders for over 60 years for several reasons. Strong interactions are observed between resistance, environmental conditions and strains (e.g. Kelman, 1953; Acosta, 1963; Krausz & Thurston, 1975; Messiaen, 1989; Peter et al., 1993; Prior et al., 1994; Hanson et al., 1996; Jaunet & Wang, 1999; Balatero et al., 2005; Hai et al., 2008). Further, several defaults are often associated to bacterial wilt resistance, such as small fruit size (Acosta et al., 1964; Gilbert & Tanaka, 1965; Scott et al., 2005), bitterness due to high tomatine content (Borchers & Nevin, 1954; Mohanakumaran et al., 1967; Digat & Derieux, 1968; Messiaen, et al., 1978), green gel around the seeds and epidermis cracking (Acosta, 1963; Cordeil & Digat, 1967; Daly, 1976).