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A Comparative Study of Economic Sectors' Typhoon Resiliency In 2017 CEBU International Conference on Studies in Business, Management, Education and Law (SBMEL-17) Jan. 26-27, 2017, Cebu (Philippines) A Comparative study of Economic Sectors’ Typhoon Resiliency in Barangay Bangad, Talim, Binangonan, Rizal, Philippines Camille Besin, Kenneth Cada, Jamie De Jesus, Christine Sumaway * and Zosimo O Membrebe, Jr** Abstract---Disaster resiliency has caught more attention as In September 26 of 2009, Typhoon Ondoy (International Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) programs have had Code Name:"Ketsana") battered the city of Manila, pouring a a wide spread throughout the country. As climate change worsens, month's worth of rain in half a day. As the rains persisted, this paper seeks to study the differences of households’ level of major roads and neighbourhoods were instantaneously resiliency (ability to cope with the shocks and stresses of typhoons) flooded forcing people to scramble to higher grounds and with reference to their different livelihoods and sources of income. structures. Media coverage of the typhoon vivified the terror The factors considered in the study composes of the household’s typhoon awareness, preparedness, and recovery. Results shows of families on their rooftops as they desperately called for that, Barangay Bangad has an average of 71.73% level of rescue, while other homes and cars were swept away by the awareness, 74.13% level of preparedness, and 73.64% level of deluge. Within hours, huge portions of Marikina, Pasig, overall resiliency from Typhoon Ondoy, Milenyo and Santi. It has Rizal and Quezon City became virtual extensions of rivers. In been observed that Barangay Bangad’s awareness, preparedness, its wake, Typhoon Ondoy left 880,175 families severely level of recovery, and speed of recovery did not depend strongly on affected, 682casualties (337 dead, 308 injured and 37 their socio-economic status which garnered a low positive missing), and damaged infrastructure and agriculture correlation. Being an isolated and small community, barangay amounting to PhP I0.5 billion (National Disaster participation is evident in their area. It has become the prevalent Coordinating Council, 2009). external factor that has greatly affected the results. 84% of the respondents have also received external relief or aid that increased Flood risk management includes different types of the speed of their recovery. The study features limited indices that objectives that aim to provide protection in a particular contributes to the household’s resiliency. The absence of a community. One of which can be the number of measures benchmark posed a challenge of comparing Barangay Bangad’s that can be adapted for safety purposes. In addition, these household’s level of resiliency with a widely accepted standard. For measures may also lead to a multi-layer safety in which further reinforcement of the study, considering of additional indices introduces flood risk probability-reducing instruments in a and developing of benchmarking tools is highly recommended. sense that prior measures are being implemented to contribute to the community's flood risk management before, Keywords--- Resiliency, Preparedness, Awareness, Recovery, during and after a typhoon. Loss mitigating measures, on the Disaster Risk Reduction Management other hand, establish protection system in terms of an individual's very existence, assets and properties. Developing I. INTRODUCTION multi-layer safety varies among countries wherein it depends In recent years, the concept of resilience has gained attention on the level of priority, awareness and preparedness. In the recognizing the fact that not all threats or disasters can be case of Philippines in which it is classified as a developing averted. Indeed, societies are turning their attention to efforts country, limited resources is one common dilemma that and ways that can enhance the community resilience of entire affects the overall flood management plan as well as the communities against various types of extreme measures specified above (Esteban et al., 2015). events.(Renschler et al., 2010) On September 28, 2006, super typhoon Milenyo struck the The Philippines is one of the most disaster-prone countries Philippines that caused severe damages on different aspects in the world. Its location makes it vulnerable to a variety of of Filipino life. According to The Philippine Atmospheric, natural disasters. Furthermore, social and economic Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration conditions, such as low maintenance standards for disaster (PAGASA), Milenyo had maximum sustained winds of 130 prevention facilities and problems with the poor living in kilometers per hour and gusts of up to 160 kilometers per damage-prone areas, contribute to an increase in their hour which can be considered as a deadly typhoon. Milenyo vulnerability to disasters. (Nakasu et al., 2011). had its first land fall on Samar Island which eventually moved further north where Bicol region suffered greatly on *College of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Santo this disaster. Following Bicol, CALABARZON region that Tomas includes provinces of Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and **Faculty of Behavioral and Social Science, Philippine Normal University, The Graduate School, sCollege of Commerce and Business Administration, Quezon had also accumulated a large amount of damages. University of Santo Tomas, Phillipines. Generally, typhoon Milenyo had indeed caused torment to the http://doi.org/10.17758/URUAE.DIR0117513 158 2017 CEBU International Conference on Studies in Business, Management, Education and Law (SBMEL-17) Jan. 26-27, 2017, Cebu (Philippines) lives of victims especially because their livelihood suffered activities. With the growing popularity of the Hyogo which prevent them to recover immediately. Filipino framework, awareness was identified as one challenge to risk households, on the other side, shouldered substantial amount reduction management. of damages due to this disastrous event (Carnaje & Cabanilla, This study has utilized the household’s awareness, 2009). preparedness and recovery as factors of resiliency. Typhoon Mirinae or also called and known Typhoon Santi Differences in livelihood are quantified through their socio- in the Philippines causes damages such as 39 people were economic status. According to Israel and Briones (2014). killed and left roughly $15.1 million in damage. According Most poor households will be more likely to practice more to PAGASA, Storm Santi intensified steadily, eventually informal livelihoods while rich households are more likely to becoming a Category 2 typhoon with peak winds of 105 mph practice alternative livelihoods. Livelihoods in this study (165 km/h). The eye of the typhoon was located at 145 km observed are the following: Furniture and BBQ stick making, East Southeast of Baler, Aurora and has been forecasted Fisheries, Vendors of sari-sari stores, Government employees moving West at 15kph. Typhoon Santi destroyed some of the and others. agricultural areas of those living in the low-lying areas because of its strong winds. (Mallari, 2014). 2.2 Research Question/s (or Hypotheses) This paper is limited to household level resiliency for this The household’s level of awareness, preparedness and is where risk reduction and coping strategies are most evident recovery will vary accordingly depending on their livelihood. and implemented (Alinovi et al., 2010). Regional, national, In turn, these three variables are greatly related to socio- and global resiliency was not covered in the study. The economic status. The measurement of correlation of their household awareness and preparedness indices does not livelihood to the three factors of resiliency was measured measure extensively government, LGU and other external through utilizing their socio-economic status as the factor’s intervention in increasing the resiliency. quantitative variable. In this study, the researchers aim to explore typhoon resiliency of a certain community in which variables such as III. THE METHODOLOGY AND MODEL recovery, preparedness, awareness and socioeconomic status 3.1 Research Design: Descriptive – Correlational of every household are being taken into account. This research primarily targets to discover the relationship of 3.2 Meaning household's physical, mental and economic condition with A descriptive correlational research design will be utilized how subjects respond to typhoons. By measuring the recovery in this study to describe resiliency, preparedness, awareness experienced by the subjects, resiliency will be determined and socioeconomic status of the target population and also, to with respect to their livelihood. In particular, occupations examine the relationship between those variables. Descriptive like furniture making, fishing, government employee, vendor research is a study design primarily used to observe and and others, where residents usually fall will also be studied in describe behavior of a subject without influencing it in any terms of its impact to household's pre typhoon and post way. In other words, it is simply an attempt to determine, typhoon context. describe or identify the characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied with researchers having no II. LITERATURE REVIEW control over variables (Ethridge, 2004). In addition, the 2.1 Literature Review degree of problem definition in this design is partially defined wherein there is awareness with regards to the Resilience is the response to recover from shocks
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