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SUBJECT INDEX Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3795275/backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 SUBJECT INDEX A Casupal Formation 65 3rd order eustatic curves 17 20 Caus Formation 71 60 accommodation space 143 146 147 150 161 162 165 167 170 196 197 Cayman Trough 51 199 206 208 209 Cenomanian 5 48 Agua Salada Group 69 70 paleogeography 303 Alberta Basin 10 13 Stage 185 188 189 Albian Stage 183 184 Cenomanian Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event 33 Algarobo well 49 Central Cordillera 4748 616267 Algebuckina Sandstone 27 Central Range 45 79 87 92 95 96 98 102 104107 III 113 114 120 Amaime Terrane 46 48 49 123 124 Anaco Fault 70 Cesar Basin 4748 Ancestral Rockies 10 ChaguaramasFormation 74 76 Antarctica 89 20 ChIDk 12 17 25 26 35 ice sheet 19 Chimana Formation 239 249 256 269 271 274 277 278 308 316 ice free topography of 19 Cicuco Field 48 Late Eocene ice sheet 32 Cipero Formation 76 97 Aptian paleogeography 301 climate I 8 10 12 13 AraucaArch 46 67 71 Coche Fault 82 Araya 46 47 55 67 68 69 99 125 Columbus Basin 87 107 Arctic concretion levels 161 180 181 183 197 Early Cretaceous ice sheet 20 condensed section 129 147 149 150 151 152 153 155 156 162 167 173 Areo Formation 63 68 72 179 197 207 Athabasca Tar Sands 10 Coniacian Stage 178 180 189 190 193 Aves Ridge 46 7475 78 Cretaceous passive margin 47 79 81 286 298 299 305 Cuba 60 92 93 98 99 Cuiza Fault 54 B cyclicity I 8 20 Bahamas 59 cyclostratigraphy 161 195 Baja Guajira Basin 69 Barbacoas Platform 46 51 68 70 Barcelona reentrant 52 58 D Barco Formation 66 Dabajuro Platform 53 Barinas Basin 46 51 6162 65 67 7072 74 77 81 Dead SeaVIDley 7 Barranquln Formation 224239 243 247 256 266267 270 275 298 315 Death Valley 7 Beer Head Limestone 25 diamictites 19 20 bentonites 130 143 146 148 149 156 157 dropstones 20 berm 2 Durness Limestone 12 Berriasian Barremian paleogeography 300 Betchworth 25 E Betijoque Formation 70 Early Albian biostratigraphy 88 129 138 141 143 146 149 161 170 171 174 178 paleogeography 301 181 183 185 190 192 195 198 200 201 203 205 208 210 211 Eastern Cordillera 4649 51 57 58 79 Boca de Serpiente Formation 66 70 97 Eastern Venezuela Basin 217 219 220 247 251 256 265 271 274 Bocon6 Fault 46 52 54 70 Eastern Venezuela Cretaceous stratigraphic cross section 310 311 Bogota 143 157 161 165 166 169 180 181 183 185 205 207 212 El Baul Arch 71 7677 Bogota Basin 53 El Cantil Formation 55 221 222 236247 249 254 256 269 271 274 Bohordal Fault 46 80 277 315 316 Bonaire Basin 46 65 68 70 76 EI Cobre Formation 71 Botucual Member 66 EI Copey Formation 47 Bram6n Fault 50 EI Pilar Fault 55 107 219 220 Brasso Formation 69 76 Eocene foredeep 54 Bucaramanga Fault 46 4849 69 Eocene unconformity 73 Espino Graben 47 93 121 equatorial glaciers 19 C Equilibrium Line Altitude Cantaure Formation 69 70 Cretaceous 19 20 Capadare Formation 70 erratic bearing deposits Caparo Fault 50 Australia 21 Capaya Formation 63 Bearpaw Shale 22 Capiricual Formation 63 Blythesdale Sandstone 23 Caracas Group 47 76 125 126 Bulldog Shale 23 27 36 Caracas salient 52 58 72 Cadni Owie Formation 23 27 36 Carapita Formation 63 69 7475 Carboniferous 24 Caratas Formation 63 65 66687071 252 254257 272 278 279 Carolinefjellet Formation 23 35 Carbonera Formation 58 67 71 74 Chalk 21 25 29 35 Caribbean Plate 4547 49 51 53 6064 67 72 73 76 79 81 Danian and Maastrichtian limestones of Denmark 21 Caroni Basin 78 82 90 101 102 106107 Eromanga Basin 23 27 Carupano Platform Basin 46 75 Eucla Basin 23 27 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3795275/backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 322 SUBJECT INDEX Gault Clay 21 23 25 35 H Gilsonryggen Formation 22 Heterohelix 140 Great Artesian Basin 23 24 26 35 Hispaniola 60 Hue Shale 22 35 Hue Shale 35 Judith River Formation 22 hypsometry 17 Kakert Formation 22 Kemik Sandstone 24 La Salle Limestone 24 Leederville Formation 23 ice volumes Loongana Sandstone 24 evidence 32 Lower Beaufort Shales 24 35 isotopic ice sheets Lower Chalk 23 Lower Greensand 21 Mesozoic 17 21 Icotea Formation 73 Mackenzie Bay Formation 22 Manahau Formation 23 ikaite 34 Marree Formation 23 impact ejecta 27 in stress 3 9 13 Maruyama Formation 22 plane Mesozoic and Tertiary of Spitsbergen 21 Middle Chalk 22 Monash Formation 23 Mullaman Beds Unit 2 24 Juan Griego Group 47 Mullaman Beds Unit6 23 La Cope Formation 79 Northern Territories 23 24 27 La Luna Formation 12 Osbourne Formation 23 La Pascua Formation 71 72 Pebble Shale 24 La Rosa Formation 73 76 Perth Basin 23 27 La Sierra Formation 71 Piripauan beds 22 Lagunillas Formation 76 Pukemuri Formation 22 Lara Nappes 49 53 54 71 74 82 Downs Formation 23 Rolling Last Glacial Maximum 9 19 Rumbalara Shale 23 27 Latest Cenomanian Coniacian paleogeography 304 Formation 22 Sarkofagen Le6n Formation 74 Snowdon Formation 24 Lesser Antilles 12 45 60 73 75 Soester Griinsand 21 22 Lizard Formation 61 66 South Australia 23 26 Springs Llanos Basin 13 47 57 66 68 71 74 Takaradai Formation 22 Los Cuervos Formation 66 Chalk 22 Upper Los Jabillos Formation 72 256 272 Greensand 21 23 25 35 Upper Lower Beaufort shales 35 Utkholok Formation 22 Lower Basin 48 57 Wallumbilla Formation 23 Magdalena erratics 17 20 eustasy 1 3 6 9 10 12 13 17 19 M Maastrichtian 6162 6667 305 Formation 306 F Machiques macrofossils 129 130 132 138 141 153 173 181 183 189 193 Falc6n Anticlinorium 46 5455 79 53 67 Falc6n Basin 49 50 53 54 71 73 76 78 79 81 82 Magdalena Valley Maraca Formation 308 flexural onlap 2 Maracaibo Basin 47 53 61 656668 7074 7677 81 82 fossil wood 22 23 24 27 35 Maracaibo Tar Belt 71 81 82 Frontera 143 Marcelina Formation 66 Margarita 47 67 70 74 78 Marl Slate 8 G Masparrito Formation 71 Garcia Formation 227 241 243 244 247 256 267 269 274 275 306 315 Mass flow 28 Garrapata Formation 71 Matatere Formation 66 gastroliths 29 35 Maturln Basin 4647 77 78 81 82 geochemistry 129 130 131 154 156 175 189 199 213 Merida Andes 454749 52 5455 57 58 61 71 74 76 78 82 Gippsland basin 27 Merida Arch 47 52 82 eustatic 3 14 20 32 glacio Mermeti Caliza or limestone 143 185 206 210 glauberite 34 Mesozoic paleogeographic development 287 313 glendonite 20 27 34 36 microfossils 130 138 142 153 Gobernador Formation 70 micropaleontology 138 179 212 graphic correlation 130 151 152 154 156 171 179 197 198 Middle to Late Albian Great Artesian Basin 26 27 paleogeography 30 I Greenland Milankovitch cycles 8 175 195 197 200 201 ice sheet 18 Mirador Formation 58 68 7071 Grenada Basin 6768 73 74 125 Misoa Formation 68 7071 73 81 82 Guafita Formation 71 74 Mor6n Fault 76 Guaimaro Shale 306 morphometric variation 130 140 Guarumen Sub basin 46 72 82 Morro Blanco Member 224 226 229 232 266267 275 Guasare Formation 6566 Mt Anna Sandstone Formation 27 Guayuta Group 247 249 251 271 277 mountain glaciers 8 19 Gulf of Paria 47 55 79 82 90 106107 Mucujun Formation 74 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3795275/backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 SUBJECT INDEX 323 N rhythmites 20 76 Naricual Formation 74 Roblecito Formation 72 Navet Formation 70 Rodinia 10 North Coast Fault Zone 87 North Slope of Alaska 19 Northern Range 46 55 69 74 78 87 90 92 9495 98 III 113 115 117 S 127 San Antonio Formation 222 239 247 255 257 270272 278 308 316 126 127 Northern Range Group 87 88 90 92 Ill San Fernando Formation 70 72 Northern Range of Trinidad 46 74 78 San Francisco Fault 55 220 230 245 247 250 252 253 256 265 San Jorge Fault 48 San Juan Formation 61 222 248 249 251 255 257 271 272 277 278 316 o San Luis Formation 76 Oca Fault 45 48 50 53 55 76 81 Sans Souci Terrane III Sans Souci 87 88 95 111 127 Oceanic anoxic event OAE 34 129 138 152 156 171 173 181 205 Group Oficina Formation 76 Santa Anita Group 252 256 51 53 57 Oriente Fault 60 Santa Marta Fault 45 4849 Oriente Fault Santa Marta Klippe 48 Cuba 60 Santa Marta Klippe Schist 4849 54 57 Orinoco Delta 47 66 Santa Marta Massif 46 4849 Orinoco River 78 121 Santander High 49 51 57 58 81 Orinoco Tar Belt 76 Santander Massif 4849 Otu Fault 48 Santonian Campanian 305 Otway basin 27 paleogeography Santonian 181 193 oxygen isotopes 32 34 Stage Scotland Formation 74 sea level eustasy and tectonics 1 10 12 14 61 76 208 sedimentation and tectonics Colombia 168 170 P 162 168 170 200 202 203 sequence I 3 10 14 143 146 Formation 71 stratigraphy Pagiiey 205 208 209 events 174 paleobiological SerranIa del Interior 464755 61Q2 74 76 78 82 events 167 171 paleoceanographic SerranIa del Interior Oriental 46 61 74 217 223 256257 265 46 55 56 67 76 165 paleogeography SerranIa 55 characterization of the C T 131 depocenter paleontological boundary Sierra de 45 48 53 54 5657 76 32 Perija paleothermometry Soldado Formation 66 restoration 4546 48 53 82 palinspastic source rocks 13 47 58 72 81 82 87 94 107 Palmar 66 68 7071 Avispa High South Caribbean Foldbelt 45 50 76 78 81 Pangea 5 9 10 12 47 51 Steer s head flexural subsidence 10 Paracotos Formation 65 strand line advance 2 Formation 51 74 77 Parangula Sucre Graben 57 Paria 47 55 79 82 90 106107 125 Sussex White Chalk 33 256 257 261 263 265 273 passive margin 47 55 58 61 79 81 217 219 Pebble Shale 35 pebbly mudstones 20 26 27 Pedernales 61 T Pefias BIancas Formation 71 Tablazo Rift 48 52 peripheral bulge 45 60 6668 71 72 7677 8082 Tachira Depression 266 275 Peroc Formation 74 Taguarumo Member 224 227 238 and 181 physical events 175 178 taphonomy diagenesis Picuda Member 224 226232 266267 275 Tinaco 126 limestone 62 99 255 257 272 plate kinematics 10 55 285 287 Tinajitas Plato Geofracture 57 Tobago 47 75 78 87 125 Plenus Marl 20 33 Tres
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  • Stratigraphy of the Ordovician La Cristalina Formation, Puerto Berrío (Colombia)

    Stratigraphy of the Ordovician La Cristalina Formation, Puerto Berrío (Colombia)

    ____________________________ Director Doc. Rer. Nat., P.Doc. Pedro Calixto Patarroyo Gama ____________________________ Codirector Ph.D. José María Jaramillo Mejía II Stratigraphy of the Ordovician La Cristalina Formation, Puerto Berrío (Colombia) Stratigraphy of the Ordovician La Cristalina Formation, Puerto Berrío (Colombia) María Fernanda Almanza Meléndez Geologist, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogotá Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Geociencias Bogotá D. C., Colombia 2017 Stratigraphy of the Ordovician La Cristalina Formation, Puerto Berrío (Colombia) María Fernanda Almanza Meléndez Geologist, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá Thesis presented as partial requisite to get the title of: Mágister en Ciencias-Geología Director: Doc. Rer. Nat., P.Doc. Pedro Calixto Patarroyo Gama Co-Director: Ph.D. José María Jaramillo Mejía Research field: Stratigraphy Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Geociencias Bogotá D. C., Colombia 2017 To those who enjoy each piece of the cake, who love researching and never forget to be a good human being. To my beloved father, mother and brother Acknowledgments The main reason to do this master theses was the curiosity I had for some poorly-known old rocks. So, I feel deeply grateful with those Ordovician complicated rocks for allowing me discover something new. I am grateful with my advisor Pedro Patarroyo for accompanings me during field work, and with my co-advisor professor José María Jaramillo, firstly, for the enlightining discussions during the best researching-breakfasts, secondly for guiding me to unlock dreams and build this master theses and its related peer-reviewed publications, lastly for introducing me to such metamorphic rocks and to encourage me to study them.