DOCSLIB.ORG

An Annotated Selection from the Journals Offrances Bumey

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Annotated Selection from the Journals Offrances Bumey 1 Februrary- 12 March 1789: An Annotated Selection from the Journals ofFrances Bumey ( 1752-1840) Lisa Ann Saroli Department of English McGill University, Montreal February 2000 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts Cl Lisa Ann Saroli 2000 Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................. i Abrege ................................................................................................ .ii Acknowledgements ................................................................................. .iii Introduction .......................................................................................... .iv Short Titles and Abbreviations ..................................................................xiv Annotated Text: 1 February- 12 March 1789 ................................................... 1 Appendix A: Description of the Assignment of the Rooms at Kew ........................ 134 Appendix B: A Letter from Frances Bumey to Marianne Port .............................. 136 Appendix C: An Example ofMrs. Schwellenberg's Cruelty ................................ 140 Appendix D: Text of the Prayer and Thanksgiving on the King's Recovery ............. 145 Appendix E: Text of the Regency Bill ......................................................... 146 Saroli- i Abstract From the age of fifteen until her death, the British female novelist Prances Burney (1752-1840) kept a detailed journal. Although thousands of extant manuscript pages exist, only three inadequate editions of her journals have been published. The Burney Project at McGill University was founded in 1960 by Dr. Joyce Hemlow and is now under the direction of Dr. Lars E. Troide. The mandate of the Project is to print a critical edition of the entire, unexpurgated journals and letters of Prances Burney with scholarly annotations. As a small part of the Burney Project, my thesis selection falls within the first half ofBurney's life and encompasses roughly one and a half months of her journal, from 1 February to 12 March, 1789 (MS pages 3656-3749, Berg Collection), when Burney lived at Court as an attendant to Queen Charlotte. Many of the manuscript pages in this thesis have never before been published. Saroli- ii Abrege Depuis l'age de 15 ans et jusqu'a sa mort, la romanciere anglaise Prances Burney (1752-1840) a tenu unjournal. Bien que nous soyons en possession de milliers de pages de ce manuscrit, seulement trois editions - inadequates de ses journaux ont ete editees. En 1960, le Dr. Joyce Hemlow a ete l'initiatrice du "Projet Burney," a l'universite McGill, project sous la direction actuelle du Dr. Lars Troide. Le mandat de ce Projet est de publier une edition critique integrate de }'ensemble des journaux et de la correspondance de Prances Burney accompagnee de notes critiques. Ma these, qui fait partie du "Projet Burney,'' porte sur la premiere moitie de la vie de Prances Burney et couvre apeu pres un mois et demi de son journal, du 1er fevrier au 12 mars 1789, pages 3656 a3749 du manuscrit, Collection Berg, alors que Prances Burney vivait ala cours comme dame d'atours de la reine Charlotte. Plusieurs pages du manuscrit, dans cette these, n, ont jamais ete publiees auparavant. Saroli- iii Acknowledgements • Lars Troide, my mentor and supervisor. Not only is he an excellent scholar, but an inspired teacher, who has instilled in me a life-long love ofBurney. Thank you. • The Graduate Admission Council for their Travel Grant and the Graduate Faculty in awarding me the Alma Mater Travelling Grant, without which the road to New York would have been a lot more expensive. • Maggie Kilgour, Chair of the Graduate Committee (English Literature), for her patience. • William Wees, former Chair, without whose understanding, I would never have entered the Master's Program. • Joyce Hemlow, whose pioneering spirit and deep love ofBurney could be felt everywhere in the Bumey Project which she founded. • Alvaro Ribeiro, SJ, who had many suggestions. • Kendall Wallace and the Reference Staff ofMcGill University for their spirited help. • Elizabeth Gibson for her assistance and kind generosity with the microfilms. • The Staff of Government Documents. • The Staff of the Interlibrary Loans at McGill University. • The Circulation Staff and Susy Slavin who occasionally waived fines. • The Staff of the Music Library who lent me their Dr. Bumey book (An Account of the Musical Performances in Westmister-Abbey and the Pantheon, May 26th, 27th, 29th; and June the 3d, and 5th, 1784. In Commemoration ofHandel) from their special collection for six months. • The Staff of the Rare Book Room, especially the mysterious gentleman who helped me to decipher the Book of Common Prayer. • Rodney Phillips, Curator of the Berg Collection, NYC as well as the entire staff of the Berg Collection, who allowed me those precious extra minutes to copy down fragments of the manuscript. • Rosine Knai for her excellent translation of my Abstract. • Anna Malicka of the Yale Walpole Library in Farmington, Connecticut. • To an unnamed scholar and gentleman in the Berg Collection who spent some of his priceless time peering through a magnifying glass at some ofFB's scribbles. • My parents, Anthony and Patricia, who accompanied me on my trip to New York, and provided untold emotional and financial support. Without them, this thesis would never have been finished. • My sisters, Nadia and Tania, who listened to my endless rantings about Burney (and can now finally sort of spell her name). • My beloved future-husband, Matthew Myszak, who is always so patient, gentle, and understanding. • My future-in-laws, Anna and Ryszard, for their insistence that I focus on my work and not on their son. • My grandmother, Nonna, whose spirit and strength is with me always. Saroli- iv Introduction Frances Bumey (1752-1840) was at first glance a conventional enough woman in her time, rather conservative and prudish, but she lived an extraordinary life. She was one of the first female novelists in Britain and published four novels in her lifetime: Evelina; or, the History of a Young Lady's Entrance into the World (1778), Cecilia; or, Memoirs ofan Heiress (1782), Camilla; or, A Picture of Young (1786), and The Wanderer; or, Female Difficulties (1814). She also wrote eight plays (one incomplete), which were issued posthumously and thus never gained critical approval in her lifetime. The huge success of her first novel, originally published anonymously, skyrocketed her into the bluestocking and literary circles of eighteenth-century London. She interacted with such period luminaries as Samuel Johnson, James Boswell, Christopher Smart, Rester Lynch Thrale Piozzi and Mary Granville Delany. The last introduced Frances Bumey to Queen Charlotte ofMecklenburg-Strelitz who appointed Burney as Second Keeper of the Robes vice Joanna Haggerdorn, who retired due to ill health. From 1786 to 1791, Burney lived at Court and was an intimate of the Royal Family and of other major political and social dignitaries. She witnessed the intimate details of Court life, including King George Ill's first serious "madness" during 1788-9, and reported the events around her accurately and thoroughly in a journal that she began in 1768 at the age of 15 and which ended with her life. In FB's Court Joumals, as the MS from 1786-91 is known, we have both objective descriptions and subjective opinions of major players of the time, such as of the members of the Royal family, of the Prime Minister William Pitt, and of the Lord Chancellor Edward Thurlow. We also have names and sometimes characterizations of the otherwise faceless women and men (such as ofFB's cantankerous man, Columb), who, despite being faithful attendants of the King and Queen, do not even appear in the Royal Kalender or in the Royal Household Index, Windsor. We are also privy to FB's personal struggles to master the complex rules of etiquette and of the heart. My thesis selection from FB's Court Journals, which covers the period from 1 February to 10 March 1789, offers casual readers and serious scholars alike a rare gem: writing that is timeless, articulate, lively, and historically valid. FB could not have Saroli- v invented a more exciting plot. The fate of the British government and the monarchy lay in a King who was battling a "madness," and the collective intake of the breaths of a people isolated from the events that affected them could be heard in the concerned letters and journals of the time. FB recorded from within the secure confines of the Court walls the hidden and crucial events that happened to the King as his loyal followers pushed him to recover, knowing, as the King did not, that his son was poised to take the throne as Regent. As well, against this backdrop of the Regency Crisis, FB filled the heavy time at Court with a bizarre and emotionally wrenching 'friendship' with the Queen's Lord Chamberlain, who would later betray her and marry one ofFB's colleagues at Court, a woman whom he had in fact openly disavowed. The Manuscript of the Journals The state of the manuscript some 200 to 150 years after the journals were written is remarkable considering its age. It has survived ink obliterations, cutting, and, in some cases, submersion in water. Although the bulk ofFB's life-long journal is housed in two main locations, in the Barrett Collection in the British Library, London, England and in the Henry W. and Albert
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sherborne Castle
    SHERBORNE CASTLE In the early twelfth century, Roger of Caen, Bishop of Salisbury built a castle at Sherborne with a deer park and hunting lodge. When Dorset came under the diocese of Bristol in 1592, Sherborne was leased to Queen Elizabeth who then gave the estate to Sir Walter Raleigh. Unsuccessful in modernising the old castle, Raleigh built a new house across the river in 1594 and laid out a garden between the two buildings. In 1603, Raleigh was arrested on charges of treason and the estate reverted to the Crown. In 1617, Sherborne was sold to Sir John Digby, Ambassador to Spain who enlarged the house; he was created Baron Digby of Sherborne in 1618 and Earl of Bristol in 1622. During the Civil War, the Norman castle was slighted and left in ruins. In 1698, the barony and earldom of Bristol became extinct and Sherborne was inherited by the 1st Earl’s nephew, Robert Digby, 1st Baron Digby of Geashill. It wasn’t until the eighteenth century that 5th Lord Digby’s third son Robert remodelled the garden to the Tudor house. The beginning of the eighteenth century was a time of change. There was a movement away from the formal gardens of William and Mary with their straight canals and topiary towards the appreciation of irregularity within Nature. The 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury wrote in 1699: ‘I shall no longer resist the Passion growing in me for things of a natural kind…Even the rude Rocks, the mossy Caverns, the irregular unwrought Grottos, and broken Falls of Waters, with all the horrid Graces of the Wilderness it-self, as representing Nature more, will be the more engaging, and appear with a Magnificence beyond the formal Mockery of princely Gardens.’ By 1724, George I was on the throne, Alexander Pope had translated the Iliad and Robert Walpole was Prime Minister.
    [Show full text]
  • Accounts of the Constables of Bristol Castle
    BRISTOL RECORD SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS General Editor: PROFESSOR PATRICK MCGRATH, M.A., Assistant General Editor: MISS ELIZABETH RALPH, M .A., F.S.A. VOL. XXXIV ACCOUNTS OF THE CONSTABLES OF BRISTOL CASTLE IN 1HE THIRTEENTH AND EARLY FOURTEENTH CENTURIES ACCOUNTS OF THE CONSTABLES OF BRISTOL CASTLE IN THE THIR1EENTH AND EARLY FOUR1EENTH CENTURIES EDITED BY MARGARET SHARP Printed for the BRISTOL RECORD SOCIETY 1982 ISSN 0305-8730 © Margaret Sharp Produced for the Society by A1an Sutton Publishing Limited, Gloucester Printed in Great Britain by Redwood Burn Limited Trowbridge CONTENTS Page Abbreviations VI Preface XI Introduction Xlll Pandulf- 1221-24 1 Ralph de Wiliton - 1224-25 5 Burgesses of Bristol - 1224-25 8 Peter de la Mare - 1282-84 10 Peter de la Mare - 1289-91 22 Nicholas Fermbaud - 1294-96 28 Nicholas Fermbaud- 1300-1303 47 Appendix 1 - Lists of Lords of Castle 69 Appendix 2 - Lists of Constables 77 Appendix 3 - Dating 94 Bibliography 97 Index 111 ABBREVIATIONS Abbrev. Plac. Placitorum in domo Capitulari Westmon­ asteriensi asservatorum abbrevatio ... Ed. W. Dlingworth. Rec. Comm. London, 1811. Ann. Mon. Annales monastici Ed. H.R. Luard. 5v. (R S xxxvi) London, 1864-69. BBC British Borough Charters, 1216-1307. Ed. A. Ballard and J. Tait. 3v. Cambridge 1913-43. BOAS Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society Transactions (Author's name and the volume number quoted. Full details in bibliography). BIHR Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research. BM British Museum - Now British Library. Book of Fees Liber Feodorum: the Book of Fees com­ monly called Testa de Nevill 3v. HMSO 1920-31. Book of Seals Sir Christopher Hatton's Book of Seals Ed.
    [Show full text]
  • Geoffrey De Mandeville a Study of the Anarchy
    GEOFFREY DE MANDEVILLE A STUDY OF THE ANARCHY By John Horace Round CHAPTER I. THE ACCESSION OF STEPHEN. BEFORE approaching that struggle between King Stephen and his rival, the Empress Maud, with which this work is mainly concerned, it is desirable to examine the peculiar conditions of Stephen's accession to the crown, determining, as they did, his position as king, and supplying, we shall find, the master-key to the anomalous character of his reign. The actual facts of the case are happily beyond question. From the moment of his uncle's death, as Dr. Stubbs truly observes, "the succession was treated as an open question." * Stephen, quick to see his chance, made a bold stroke for the crown. The wind was in his favour, and, with a handful of comrades, he landed on the shores of Kent. 2 His first reception was not encouraging : Dover refused him admission, and Canterbury closed her gates. 8 On this Dr. Stubbs thus comments : " At Dover and at Canterbury he was received with sullen silence. The men of Kent had no love for the stranger who came, as his predecessor Eustace had done, to trouble the land." * But "the men of Kent" were faithful to Stephen, when all others forsook him, and, remembering this, one would hardly expect to find in them his chief opponents. Nor, indeed, were they. Our great historian, when he wrote thus, must, I venture to think, have overlooked the passage in Ordericus (v. 110), from which we learn, incidentally, that Canterbury and Dover were among those fortresses which the Earl of Gloucester held by his father's gift.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mammoth Cave ; How I
    OUTHBERTSON WHO WAS WHO, 1897-1916 Mails. Publications : The Mammoth Cave ; D'ACHE, Caran (Emmanuel Poire), cari- How I found the Gainsborough Picture ; caturist b. in ; Russia ; grandfather French Conciliation in the North of Coal ; England ; grandmother Russian. Drew political Mine to Cabinet ; Interviews from Prince cartoons in the "Figaro; Caran D'Ache is to Peasant, etc. Recreations : cycling, Russian for lead pencil." Address : fchological studies. Address : 33 Walton Passy, Paris. [Died 27 Feb. 1909. 1 ell Oxford. Club : Koad, Oxford, Reform. Sir D'AGUILAR, Charles Lawrence, G.C.B ; [Died 2 Feb. 1903. cr. 1887 ; Gen. b. 14 (retired) ; May 1821 ; CUTHBERTSON, Sir John Neilson ; Kt. cr, s. of late Lt.-Gen. Sir George D'Aguilar, 1887 ; F.E.I.S., D.L. Chemical LL.D., J.P., ; K.C.B. d. and ; m. Emily, of late Vice-Admiral Produce Broker in Glasgow ; ex-chair- the Hon. J. b. of of School Percy, C.B., 5th Duke of man Board of Glasgow ; member of the Northumberland, 1852. Educ. : Woolwich, University Court, Glasgow ; governor Entered R. 1838 Mil. Sec. to the of the Glasgow and West of Scot. Technical Artillery, ; Commander of the Forces in China, 1843-48 ; Coll. ; b. 13 1829 m. Glasgow, Apr. ; Mary served Crimea and Indian Mutiny ; Gen. Alicia, A. of late W. B. Macdonald, of commanding Woolwich district, 1874-79 Rammerscales, 1865 (d. 1869). Educ. : ; Lieut.-Gen. 1877 ; Col. Commandant School and of R.H.A. High University Glasgow ; Address : 4 Clifton Folkestone. Coll. Royal of Versailles. Recreations: Crescent, Clubs : Travellers', United Service. having been all his life a hard worker, had 2 Nov.
    [Show full text]
  • Lord Digby Married His Third Cousin Lady Theresa Anna Maria Fox-Strangways, Daughter of Henry ​ Fox-Strangways, 3Rd Earl of Ilchester, in 1837
    Accession Number: 1978/2.21 ​ Artist: John Hoppner ​ Object Creation Date: circa 1778-1810 ​ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Digby Jane Elizabeth Digby, Lady Ellenborough (3 April 1807 – 11 August 1881) was an English ​ ​ ​ ​ aristocrat, famed for her love life and lifestyle. She had four husbands and many lovers, including King Ludwig I of Bavaria, his son King Otto of Greece, statesman Felix Schwarzenberg, and a Greek general ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (Christodoulos Hatzipetros). She died in Damascus, Syria, as the wife of Arab Sheikh Medjuel el Mezrab, ​ ​ who was 20 years her junior. Jane Elizabeth Digby was born in Forston House, near Minterne Magna, Dorset on 3 April 1807,[3] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ daughter of Admiral Henry Digby and Lady Jane Elizabeth. Jane's father seized the Spanish ​ ​ treasure ship Santa Brígida in 1799 and his share of the prize money established the family fortune. ​ ​ ​ ​ Marriages, scandal, and affairs Considered promiscuous for her times, Digby was first married to Edward Law, 2nd Baron Ellenborough ​ (later Earl of Ellenborough), who became Governor General of India, on 15 October 1824. At the time of her marriage, she was described as tall, with a perfect figure. She had an attractive face, pale-gold hair, wide-spaced dark blue eyes, long dark eyelashes, and a pink complexion. They had one son, Arthur Dudley Law (15 February 1828 – 1 February 1830), who died in infancy. After affairs with her maternal cousin, Colonel George Anson, and Prince Felix Schwarzenberg, she was ​ ​ divorced from Lord Ellenborough in 1830 by an act of Parliament. This caused considerable scandal at the time. Digby had two children with Felix; Mathilde "Didi" (born 12 November 1829 Basel and raised by ​ ​ Felix's sister) and Felix (born December 1830 Paris) who died just a few weeks after his birth.
    [Show full text]
  • CAMDEN STREET NAMES and Their Origins
    CAMDEN STREET NAMES and their origins © David A. Hayes and Camden History Society, 2020 Introduction Listed alphabetically are In 1853, in London as a whole, there were o all present-day street names in, or partly 25 Albert Streets, 25 Victoria, 37 King, 27 Queen, within, the London Borough of Camden 22 Princes, 17 Duke, 34 York and 23 Gloucester (created in 1965); Streets; not to mention the countless similarly named Places, Roads, Squares, Terraces, Lanes, o abolished names of streets, terraces, Walks, Courts, Alleys, Mews, Yards, Rents, Rows, alleyways, courts, yards and mews, which Gardens and Buildings. have existed since c.1800 in the former boroughs of Hampstead, Holborn and St Encouraged by the General Post Office, a street Pancras (formed in 1900) or the civil renaming scheme was started in 1857 by the parishes they replaced; newly-formed Metropolitan Board of Works o some named footpaths. (MBW), and administered by its ‘Street Nomenclature Office’. The project was continued Under each heading, extant street names are after 1889 under its successor body, the London itemised first, in bold face. These are followed, in County Council (LCC), with a final spate of name normal type, by names superseded through changes in 1936-39. renaming, and those of wholly vanished streets. Key to symbols used: The naming of streets → renamed as …, with the new name ← renamed from …, with the old Early street names would be chosen by the name and year of renaming if known developer or builder, or the owner of the land. Since the mid-19th century, names have required Many roads were initially lined by individually local-authority approval, initially from parish named Terraces, Rows or Places, with houses Vestries, and then from the Metropolitan Board of numbered within them.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Down Hall
    History of Down Hall Down Hall was one of ten ancient medieval manors in the Parish of Hatfield, later known as Hatfield Broad Oak, which at the time of the Norman conquest, was already a well-established Saxon settlement. Popular for hunting in the neighbouring forest, the royal estate came to be known as Hatfield Regis, or King's Hatfield, partly to distinguish it from Hatfield Peverel, also in Essex. At one time a royal estate of Harold II, Hatfield fell into the possession of William the Conqueror after the battle of Hastings in 1066. At around nearly 9,000 acres (14 sq miles) Hatfield Regis was one of the largest parishes in Essex that at the time of the reign of Edward the Confessor (1042-1066), was already referred to as an ancient demesne – a demesne being all the land retained and managed by a lord of the manor under the feudal system for his own use and occupation or support. We know from records that at this time, Hatfield was formerly divided into four quarters: Town Quarter, Wood Row Quarter, Hatfield Heath Quarter, and Broomsend Quarter, across which these ten manors would have been sited. In the Norman French of ancient deeds, Down Hall is referred to as La Donne, and remarkably from surviving Anglo Saxon records, we find mention of it as Dunhall. During the reign of the Confessor, it belonged to Ulwin, Thegn of Edmund Ætheling. A Thegn was a person ranking between an Earl and an ordinary freeman, holding land of the king or a lord in return for services; and Edmund Ætheling was a member of the royal House of Wessex and the nephew of Edward the Confessor.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Fellows of the Royal Society 1660 – 2007
    Library and Information Services List of Fellows of the Royal Society 1660 – 2007 A - J Library and Information Services List of Fellows of the Royal Society 1660 - 2007 A complete listing of all Fellows and Foreign Members since the foundation of the Society A - J July 2007 List of Fellows of the Royal Society 1660 - 2007 The list contains the name, dates of birth and death (where known), membership type and date of election for all Fellows of the Royal Society since 1660, including the most recently elected Fellows (details correct at July 2007) and provides a quick reference to around 8,000 Fellows. It is produced from the Sackler Archive Resource, a biographical database of Fellows of the Royal Society since its foundation in 1660. Generously funded by Dr Raymond R Sackler, Hon KBE, and Mrs Beverly Sackler, the Resource offers access to information on all Fellows of the Royal Society since the seventeenth century, from key characters in the evolution of science to fascinating lesser- known figures. In addition to the information presented in this list, records include details of a Fellow’s education, career, participation in the Royal Society and membership of other societies. Citations and proposers have been transcribed from election certificates and added to the online archive catalogue and digital images of the certificates have been attached to the catalogue records. This list is also available in electronic form via the Library pages of the Royal Society web site: www.royalsoc.ac.uk/library Contributions of biographical details on any Fellow would be most welcome.
    [Show full text]
  • The Four King Georges
    The Four King Georges Queen Anne ruled until 1714. After her death the Georgian Era began and was named as such because of the rule of four kings — George I, George II, George III, and George IV. The Georgian Era ran from 1714 to 1830, although many people also include the short period that William IV reigned, which ended in 1837. George I Because George I spoke English haltingly, he was considered too German. Moreover, many of his British subjects disliked him and described him as “wooden” in public. George I was extremely close to his younger half-sister Sophia Charlotte von Kielmansegg, Countess of Darlington. In fact, many people thought he was having an affair with her. He also took a long-time mistress named Madame Melusine Schulenburg (later the Duchess of Kendal). Because George’s half-sister was portly and his mistress extremely thin, the British public nicknamed them “the Elephant” and the “Maypole,” respectively. George I did much to refurbish and improve Hampton Court Palace and Kensington Palace. In 1717, during George I’s reign, Sir Issac Newton wrote a report to the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty’s Treasury about the bimetallic relationship between gold and silver coins. A royal proclamation was then issued forbidding the exchange of gold guineas for more than 21 silver shillings, which inadvertently resulted in a silver shortage and moved Britain from the silver standard to the gold standard. George I and his son, the future George II, hated each other. George II King George II was a naturalized English subject and spoke only French until he was four years old.
    [Show full text]
  • G>Umi8ied Tip Autftorit"?
    Bumb* i259°° g>uMi8ieD tip autftorit"?. From Cttesijap October 26, to SattltUap October 30, 1784. War-Off ce, Odober 27, 1784. Ditto, Cornet Archibald Hamilton, of the 1.6th IS Majesty has been pleased to appoint Dragoons, to be Ensign, vice Thomas Grosvenor. Major-General his Royal Highness Prince izth Regiment of Foot, Edvvard Pogsjn, Gent, to be Frederick Biihop of Osnabruck to be Enfign, vice Alexander Ligertwood. Colonel of. the Coldstream Regiment of 40/Æ Regiment of Foot, William Jackson, Gent, to Foot Guards, vice General John Earl Walde- ba Ensign, vice William Earle Buiner. • grave, deceased, and to be Lieutenant-General in 43^ Regiment of Foot, Benjamin Hands, Gent, to be the Army, by Commiflion bearing Date the 27th Ensign, vice George Millington. of October, 1784. 44>£ Regiment of Foot, Ensign John Robertson, of the. 84th Regiment, to be Ensign, vice Joseph War-Off ce, Odober 30, 1784. Earle. lst Troop of Horse Guards, Captain Harry Lambert, $$tb Regiment of Foot, William Wright, Gent, to of the 7th Dragoons, to be Exempt and Caps­ be Ensign, vice George Harrison. tain, vice Thomas Lloyd. $jtk Regiment of Foot, Captain John Campbell, lst Regiment of Dragoon Guards, Samuel Need, on Half-Pay in the 74th Regiment, to be Cap­ Gent, to be Cornet, vice Alexander Fraser. tain bf a Company, yice Neil Campbell. •jth Regiinent of Dragoons, Exempt and Captain 70/^ Regiment of Foot, Thomas Ame, Gent, to be Thomas Lloyd, of the ist Troop of Horse Ensign, vice Thomas Probyn. Guards, to be Captain of a Troop, vice Harry The Right Honourable Lord George Henry Len­ Lambert.
    [Show full text]
  • All for the King's Shilling
    ALL FOR THE KING’S SHILLING AN ANALYSIS OF THE CAMPAIGN AND COMBAT EXPERIENCES OF THE BRITISH SOLDIER IN THE PENINSULAR WAR, 1808-1814 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Edward James Coss, M.A. The Ohio State University 2005 Dissertation Committee: Approved by: Professor John Guilmartin, Adviser _______________________________ Professor Mark Grimsley Adviser Professor John Lynn Graduate Program in History Copyright by Edward J. Coss 2005 ABSTRACT The British soldier of the Peninsular War, 1808-1814, has in the last two centuries acquired a reputation as being a thief, scoundrel, criminal, and undesirable social outcast. Labeled “the scum of the earth” by their commander, the Duke of Wellington, these men were supposedly swept from the streets and jails into the army. Their unmatched success on the battlefield has been attributed to their savage and criminal natures and Wellington’s tactical ability. A detailed investigation, combining heretofore unmined demographic data, primary source accounts, and nutritional analysis, reveals a picture of the British soldier that presents his campaign and combat behaviors in a different light. Most likely an unemployed laborer or textile worker, the soldier enlisted because of economic need. A growing population, the impact of the war, and the transition from hand-made goods to machined products displaced large numbers of workers. Men joined the army in hopes of receiving regular wages and meals. In this they would be sorely disappointed. Enlisted for life, the soldier’s new primary social group became his surrogate family.
    [Show full text]
  • April 2014 Handouts
    1 2 POINT – Why is NGRI important 10 And David arose, and fled that day for fear of Saul, and went to Achish the king of Gath.11 And the servants of Achish said to him, Is not this David the king of the land? did they not sing one to another of him in dances, saying, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands?12 And David laid up these words in his heart, and was greatly afraid of Achish the king of Gath. 13 And he changed his behavior before them, and feigned himself mad in their hands, and scrabbled on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle fall down upon his beard. 14 Then said Achish to his servants, Lo, ye see the man is mad: why then have ye brought him to me? 15 Have I need of mad-men, that ye have brought this man to play the mad-man in my presence? shall this man come into my house? 3 Raphael - Plato and Aristotle, from The School of Athens POINT – Articulation of Culpability 4 POINT – Organized the law Compared insane individuals to children as far as culpability – a practice that has continued even today Roman Law & 534 AD Eastern Roman Empire 'Justinian Code' to 'there can be no natural bad guy, nor can there incorrigible child' theory as the basis to establish the child can not be premeditated crimes provisions, and according to This requirement: Male 14 years old, female 12 years as the age of criminal responsibility phase. It is reported that Roman law also distinguishes between the age of responsibility in several stages: the behavior of children under the age of 7 years of age is not considered an offense; 7-year-old reached the age of 14 are considered to determine its ability to distinguish whether the age of responsibility; full 14 year-old criminal adults.
    [Show full text]