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The Midland Septs and the Pale [Microform] l!r;"(-«^j3rt,J!if '^ r-*:*g^ ^^TW^^^^''^''^WiT^7^'^'^' ^'^ : >'^^^}lSS'-^r'^XW'T?W^'^y?^W^^'. ' 3-,'V-'* f. THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY From tlia oolleotlon of ;raiD98 Ooilinsi Drumcondrai Ireland. Purohadedy 1918. 941 S H 63-m i -fe; Return this book on or before the m Latest Date stamped below. A charge is made on all overdue books. University of Illinois Library se DEC 20 !2 MAR 2 1! DEC 8 ','''*,; .I4») 2 1 -' . >#' fee JAN 2 I M32 ^^: M'' i c < f ^7,>:?fp^v^S*^^ift^pIV:?*^ THE MIDLAND SEPTS AND THE PALE AN ACCOUNT OF THE EARLY SEPTS AND LATER SEITLERS OF THE KING'S COUNTY AND OF LIFE IN THE ENGLISH PALE BY F. R. MONTGOMERY HITCHCOCK, M.A. ••' AUTHOR OF " CLEMENT OF ALEXANiDRIA," " MYSTERY OF THF CROSS," "SUGGESTIONS FOR BIBLE STUDY," "CELTIC TYPES OF LIFE AND ART," ETC DUBLIN: SEALY, BRYERS AND WALKER MIDDLE ABBEY STREET 1908 : '^*--'.- • -Wl^^'' vK.^Jit?%?ii'-^^^^^ ."'1 PRINTED BY SBALY, BRVERS AND WALKER, MIDDLE ABBEY STREET, DUBLIN, : ; ; UXORI BENIGNAE ET BEATAE. — : o : — Rapta sinu subito niteas per saecula caeli, Pars animi major, rerum carissima, conjux. Mox Deus orbatos iterum conjunget amantes Et laeti mecum pueri duo limina mortis, Delicias nostras visum, transibimus una. Tempora te solam nostrae coluere juventae Fulgebit facies ridens mihi sancta relicto Vivus amor donee laxabit vincula letL Interea votum accipias a me mea sponsa libellum. Gratia mollis enim vultus inspirat amantem, Mensque benigna trahit, labentem et dextera tollit. Aegros egregio solata venusta lepore es Natis mater eras, mulier gratissima sponso. Coelicolum jam adscripta choris fungere labore, In gremio Christi, semper dilecta, quiescens. Christus enim servat, servum revocatque Redemptor. Usque novissima vox mea pectora personat ilia. Eiv..>ft.v'-.^'.--.v-...;-.-^.^:^,- .^.j-.a-iyji^j'-t.-f. .>j»l>-"^i~. .''...• f... ./ .''^^ PREFACE. The favourable reception of " Celtic Types of Life and Art" has emboldened the writer to attempt another book on Irish life^ This second venture deals principally with the history of the original Irish septs and the later English settlers of the King's County, giving contemporaneous glimpses of the unhappy progress of life in the district known as " The Pale." It will be seen that the story of the settlers makes even greater demands upon the sympathy of the historian than that of the Irish septs of O'CarroU and O'Connor ; and that, while almost every English official propounded [his scheme for the settlement of the country, the poet Spenser, for a time private secretary of the Deputy, Lord Grey, fell most com- pletely under the spell of the land, not only writing his " View of the Present State of Ireland," but also wedding an Irish maid and composing the immortal " Faerie Queen " on Irish soil. Subjects of controversy in religion and politics have again been avoided because of the conviction that there is a common platform on which all Irishmen, however opposed in these matters, may meet to con- sider the improvement of their country, the promotion of its industry, and the preservation of the annals of its past. vi. PREFACE Sources and authorities of importance are given in every instance. In the second chapter a suggestion of the late Mr. T. L. Cooke has been worked out. The writer expresses his obligations to the pub- lishers, who have spared no expense to make the book a success; to the Rev. J. E. H. Murphy, Professor of Irish in Trinity College, the Rev. M. E. O'Malley, and Mr. E. Foumier D'Albe, B.Sc, his brother-in-law, who have^glveh valuable assistance in the spelling of Irish names; and to his friend, Mr. Thomas Ulick Sadleir, B.L., who has contributed the important Appendix on the King's County families in the eighteenth century. CONTENTS. Page • UxoRi Bknignae et Beatae . iii. Preface . ... v. Contents vii. INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER. The Early Peoples of Erin . i CHAPTER II. The Race of the Horseman and an Ancient Relic 17 CHAPTER III. The King's County and this Slieve Bloom . 34 CHAPTER IV. The O'Connors and the Pale . .53 CHAPTER V. The Rise of the O'Connors and Richard IPs. Expedition . '73 CHAPTER VI. Ireland under the Lancastrian Kings . 90 CHAPTER VII. Acts of Significance 105 CHAPTER VIII. The Geraldines and Butlers . .120 ii^-t<A-':tX ^.".;' iiY'j.Wj'Sgj.vf : . :'^r'^':^-.'. 'n-ifi VUL CONTENTS. Pagbi CHAPTER IX. Silken Thomas and the O'Connors 128 CHAPTER X. The Plantation of Offaly and Leix . • • 142 CHAPTER XL Thn Rise of the O'Carrolls and O'Mulloys . 163 CHAPTER XII. The Fall of the O'Carrolls • • 177 CHAPTER XIII. The Defence of the Pale 190 CHAPTER XIV. Misrule and Oppression • • 209 CHAPTER XV. Legal and other Reforms . .226 CHAPTER XVI. - Clonmacnoise and Delvin . 239 CHAPTER XVII. More Recent Events in the County. 250 CHAPTER XVIII. Irish Customs and Curiosities . 268 Appendix 293 Index . 306 •' ?^^r-J--?;--''^''''-^— - -4 ^ THE MIDLAND SEPTS AND THE PALE. INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER. The Early Peoples of Erin. KEATING, in the preface of his History of Ireland, complains of the manner in which the ancient Irish have been misrepresented by foreign historians. Strabo, for instance, declared that the Irish were cannibals. Solinus asserted that there were no bees in Ireland—a falsehood rebutted by another foreigner, Camden, who stated that the multitude of bees is so great that they are to be found not only in hives, but also in the hollow places of the trees and ground. Pomponius Mela represented the Irish as " ignorant of every virtue." " That ignorant and malicious writer," Giraldus Cambrensis, stated that the kingdom paid tribute to King Arthur in A.D. 519, and added insult to injury by describing the Irish as an inhos- pitable race (gens inhospita), whereas Stanihurst testifies to their hospitality in the sentence: "The Irish are truly the most hospitable men, and you cannot please them better than by visiting them frequently and without invitation." Stanihurst him- self receives the vials of Keating's wrath for his state- " ment that the meanest scullion that lives in the English province would not give his daughter in marriage to the most noble prince of the Irish " ; and 2 THE MIDLAND SEPTS AND THE PALE for his uncomplimentary remarks to the Irish language, which he regretted was not expelled with the Irish natives from Fingall, Stanihurst was altogether ignorant of the mellifluous language, and, therefore, was unqualified, in Keating's opinion, to express his views on the subject. Stanihurst went still further, and although, as Keating remarks, he had no notion of music, harmony, or distinction of sound, had the audacity to pronounce the Irish "an unmusical nation." Keating wonders that this second Midas, on whose head Apollo, the God of song, would un- doubtedly have fixed ^the ears of an ass, had not consulted Giraldus Camb^ensis, that "inexhaustible fund of falsehood," as he elsewhere describes him, who " states in his History : I find the diligence of that nation praiseworthy in the use of musical instruments, with which they are better provided than any other nation." This testimony to the musical talent of the Ireland of the twelfth century is corroborated by the resemblance that has been discovered between the Irish melodies and the Norse, which must have been familiar to Ireland for some centuries at the time of Giraldus, and by the fame of the ancient Irish harpers. The present writer has heard people say that the Irish peasantry of the present age have no ear for music, and that part singing, which comes naturally to their Welsh brethren, is only learnt with great difficulty by the Celt on this side of the Channel. Be that as it may, there are few nations as susceptible to the charm of sweet sounds, or as subject to the sway of melody; while the Welsh Giraldus praised the Irish melodies of his age for their sweetness, swift- ness, and " Concordia discors." Then Spenser provokes "; THE EARLY PEOPLES OF ERIN 3 Keatmg*s wrath by his audacious attempt to trace the pedigfrees of the Irish gentry, and to assert that the MacMahons, who were lineally descended from Colla da Chrioch, son of Eochaidh Doiml^n, son of Cairbre Lifeachair, Monarch of Ireland, were of English extraction, and descended from the house of Fitz Urse. Many, too, are the deficiencies of Meredith Hanmer, Doctor of Divinity, and the defects of his Chronicle, which commences with laudable precision "three hundred yeeres after the flood." For had he not the hardihood to challenge S. Patrick's right to be called the Apostle of Ireland, and to mention his predecessors Colmd,n, Decldn, Ailbe, Ibar, and Ciardn, and to ascribe the discovery of S. Patrick's Purgatory to another Patrick, an abbot who lived in A.D. 850. But, worst of all, he ventured to deny the Irish origin of our island Hercules, Fionn MacCumhail, and to give him a Danish (Keating wrongly says "British""^ pedigree. In a word, all these writers and others, Barclay and Moryson among them, were, according to Keating, utterly devoid of the qualifications required by an historian, and whether " from malice or ignorance were unfit to essay the task. They seemed to follow the example of the beetle which selects the nastiest thing, rather than that of the bee which chooses the sweetest places to alight upon. They wilfully pass over all that was commendable and noble in Irish life and customs, and " dwell upon the manners of the lower and baser sort of people." Those of us who have read the histories of which Keating complains can not but feel that he had just cause of complaint and that the worst types of Celtic life were described.
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