DOCSLIB.ORG

Saururus Chinensis-Controlled Allergic Pulmonary Disease Through NF-Κb/COX- 2 and PGE2 Pathways

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Saururus Chinensis-Controlled Allergic Pulmonary Disease Through NF-Κb/COX- 2 and PGE2 Pathways Saururus chinensis-controlled allergic pulmonary disease through NF-κB/COX- 2 and PGE2 pathways MiKyung Song1,*, Soon-Young Lee2,*, Minhee Kim3, Sangwoug Park1, Juyeon Park1, Yongbum Kwon1 and Dae-Hun Park2 1 Bio Technology R&D Center, WiLab Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea 2 Department of Nursing, Dongshin University, Naju, South Korea 3 Department of Forestry, Chonnam National University, Gwangji, South Korea * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT Saururus chinensis is a perennial herb found in the northeastern regions of Asia, including Korea, China, and Japan, and is used in traditional medicine. Studies have identified the four major constituents in Saururus chinensis water extract (LHF618 R ) as miquelianin (11.75 ± 0.092 mg/g), rutin (1.20 ± 0.008 mg/g), quercitrin (2.38 ± 0.389 mg/g), and quercetin (0.068 ± 0.017 mg/g). Saururus chinensis can improve the symp- toms of ovalbumin- or fine dust-induced allergic pulmonary disease by suppressing the effects of WBCs and neutrophils in BALF and IgE in the serum. Saururus chinensis dose-dependently recovered morphological changes such as mucous hyper secretion (from 2.7 ± 0.46 to 0.6 ± 0.65), pulmonary epithelial cell hyperplasia (from 2.4 ± 0.55 to 0.7 ± 0.67), and inflammatory cell infiltration (from 2.3 ± 0.45 to 0.6 ± 0.43), and effectively controlled cDNA levels and protein levels of IL-13. It inhibited NF-κB translocation and COX-2 protein synthesis and suppressed the expression of PGE2. Our results show that Saururus chinensis controlled allergic pulmonary disease via the anti-inflammatory pathways, NF-κB/COX-2 and PGE2. Saururus chinensis may be a promising drug candidate against fine dust-induced allergic pulmonary disease. Submitted 17 April 2020 Accepted 4 September 2020 Published 24 September 2020 Subjects Biochemistry, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Drugs and Devices, Respiratory Corresponding authors Medicine Yongbum Kwon, Keywords Saururus chinensis, Allergic pulmonary disease, NF-kB/COX-2, PGE2, HPLC [email protected] Dae-Hun Park, [email protected] Academic editor INTRODUCTION Matteo Lambrughi Allergic rhinitis and asthma are respiratory system diseases classified as allergic pulmonary Additional Information and diseases. Allergic rhinitis is an allergic pulmonary disease associated with the upper airway Declarations can be found on page 13 and its typical symptoms include nasal itching and discharge, upper airway obstruction, and watery eyes caused by allergens including pollens, mold, and dander (Wallace et al., 2008). DOI 10.7717/peerj.10043 Asthma is an allergic respiratory disease affecting the bronchioaleveolar region of the lower Copyright respiratory system and symptoms include mucous hypersecretion, pulmonary epithelial 2020 Song et al. cell hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, and airway remodeling induced by allergens Distributed under including pollen, mold, dander, house mite dust, pollutants, and temperature changes Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (Fehrenbach, Wagner & Wegmann, 2017; Hirota & Martin, 2013). Although asthma and OPEN ACCESS allergic rhinitis can be classified as different diseases, they are highly similar and the term How to cite this article Song MK, Lee S-Y, Kim M, Park S, Park J, Kwon Y, Park D-H. 2020. Saururus chinensis-controlled allergic pul- monary disease through NF-κB/COX-2 and PGE2 pathways. PeerJ 8:e10043 http://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10043 ``allergy rhinobronchitis'' has been suggested to link the diseases. The co-morbidity of the nose and bronchus is incredibly high with 75% of asthma patients affected by rhinitis and 20% to 40% of rhinitis patients affected by asthma (Palma-Carlos, Branco-Ferreira & Palma-Carlos, 2001). Allergic rhinitis, asthma, and eczema are frequently diagnosed allergic disorders that may occur when subjects are repeatedly exposed to an allergen. These disorders may lead to allergic inflammation (Galli, Tsai & Piliponsky, 2008; Ferreira, 2004). It is important to control inflammation in allergy patients and the NK-κB/COX-2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) axes are the primary pathways of inflammation (Mishra, Banga & Silveyra, 2018a; Mishra, Banga & Silveyra, 2018b). Many cytokines are closely associated with inflammation (Feghali & Wright, 1997), including interleukin-13 (IL-13), which causes chronic inflammation by stimulating B lymphocytes (Punnonen et al., 1993) and inducing inflammation, mucous hypersecretion, and fibrosis (Zhu et al., 1999). Allergic pulmonary disease is incurable and combination therapies of corticosteroid hormones, leukotriene antagonists, and/or β2 agonists (Mishra, Yao & Levine, 2013) have been used to suppress its symptoms. However, this therapeutic method has adverse effects including growth suppression, hypertension, osteoporosis, gastric ulcers, and neurotoxicity (Wise, 2014; Ciriaco et al., 2013). Saururus chinensis (S. chinensis, SC), a perennial herb found in the northeastern regions of Asia including Korea, China, and Japan, has been used as a traditional medicine for diseases such as edema, jaundice, gonorrhea, and other inflammatory diseases (Chung & Shin, 1990). Recent studies have reported the therapeutic effects of SC to include anti- inflammation (Kim et al., 2003; Cho, Cho & Song, 2005), antihypertension, vasodilation (Ryu et al., 2008), and anti-angiogenesis effects (Yoo et al., 2008), as well as the suppression of atopic dermatitis (Choi et al., 2008). However, there are few mechanistic studies on the active and therapeutic constituents of this botanical. We investigated the co-morbidity of the nose and bronchus and the effects of SC on allergic rhinitis and asthma. We determined the biological constituents of SC and extracted the compounds that suppressed the symptoms of allergic pulmonary disease. MATERIALS & METHODS Plant Materials R Dried SC leaves (LHF618 ) were purchased from Donggwang Pharmaceutical Company (Seoul, Korea), and visually identified by the Korea Pharmaceutical Trading Association (Seoul, Korea). A voucher SC specimen was deposited at the WiLab Co. Ltd. (Seoul, Korea). SC samples were prepared as follows: samples were soaked in water at 95 ± 2 ◦C for 4 h (1 kg/15 L); the resulting water was filtered, concentrated in a water bath under a vacuum using a rotary evaporator, and then spray-dried (SD) with 25% dextrin. Chemicals and reagents All reagents were of analytical grade. Methanol and acetonitrile (ACN) were purchased from JT Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). Miquelianin, rutin, and quercetin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Quercitrin was purchased from InterPharm Song et al. (2020), PeerJ, DOI 10.7717/peerj.10043 2/17 (Koyang-si, Korea). Formic acid was purchased from Daejung Chemicals & Metals Co. Ltd. (Kyunggi, Korea) and fine dust (FD, Phyllite powder, PH-DG2000) was bought from Hongik Bio Tech Co. Ltd. (Jeonnam, Korea). HPLC analysis of SC We used a Waters HPLC system with a Waters alliance e2695 and a Waters 2998 photodiode array detector. The Fortis C18 analytical column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 mm pore size) was tested and filled with the same stationary phase. Samples A (0.01% Formic acid) and B (ACN) were used as the mobile phase under gradient conditions to analyze the samples. The mobile phase was filtered by vacuum through a 0.45 mm membrane filter. Chromatography was conducted on a gradient using a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min at 30 ◦C and was detected at various UV wavelengths for individual standards and SC samples. The SC extract powder was dissolved in 50% MeOH at 10 mg/ml. The chromatograms were processed using Empower 2 software, build 1154 (Waters, Milford, MA, USA). Animal schedule We followed the protocols of our previous study for animal testing (Lee et al., 2019). Animal euthanasia guidelines were established prior to the start of the experiment and the experimenters checked the physical condition of all animals at least twice daily. Any abnormal behaviors from an animal during the experiment warranted the euthanasia of the animal and a necropsy was performed. Euthanasia was administered by an overdose of Zoletil delivered via intraperitoneal injection (Virbac, Carros, France) to preserve the BALF or respiratory system (lung) of the animal and to evaluate the suppression effects against allergic pulmonary diseases of SC. 84 BALB/c mice were purchased from Samtako Korea (Osan, Korea) and were acclimated for seven days prior to the start of our study. The mice were supplied with food and water ad libitum at 23 ± 3 ◦C, 55 ± 15% relative humidity, and 12 hr light per day, with observations of their physical conditions both prior to and during the study period. The animals were divided into 6 groups: tap water treatment group (CON), ovalbumin (OVA, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and FD treatment group (OVA + FD), OVA + FM and dexamethasone treatment group (OVA + FD + DEX), and after OVA and FD treated SC administrated groups (50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg). Animal experiments were conducted twice using the same methods. All groups were treated twice at a one-week interval with intraperitoneal OVA, which consisted of 20 mg ovalbumin and 1 mg aluminum hydroxide hydrate (Sigma-Aldrich) in 500 mL saline, with the exception of the CON group. All mice were also exposed to a nebulizer mist (NE-U17, OMRON, Japan) of ovalbumin and fine dust for 30 min per day for 5 days, seven days after the second injection, except for the CON group. All groups were given 3 doses of an oral administration of tap water (CON or OVA + FD) or dexamethasone (OVA + FD + DEX) on the same exposure day but prior to the inhalation of ovalbumin and fine dust mist (Fig. 1). Song et al. (2020), PeerJ, DOI 10.7717/peerj.10043 3/17 Figure 1 Experimental design for animal study. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10043/fig-1 Ethics statement Approval for the animal study was obtained from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Animal Study Approval No. CNU IACUC_YB-2019-48). Bronchoalveolar Fluid (BALF) and Serum Analysis We applied the methods of our previous study (Lee et al., 2019) and used BALF and serum analysis to analyze the WBC, differential cell counts, and IgE levels.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Piperaceae) Revealed by Molecules
    Annals of Botany 99: 1231–1238, 2007 doi:10.1093/aob/mcm063, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org From Forgotten Taxon to a Missing Link? The Position of the Genus Verhuellia (Piperaceae) Revealed by Molecules S. WANKE1 , L. VANDERSCHAEVE2 ,G.MATHIEU2 ,C.NEINHUIS1 , P. GOETGHEBEUR2 and M. S. SAMAIN2,* 1Technische Universita¨t Dresden, Institut fu¨r Botanik, D-01062 Dresden, Germany and 2Ghent University, Department of Biology, Research Group Spermatophytes, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/aob/article/99/6/1231/2769300 by guest on 28 September 2021 Received: 6 December 2006 Returned for revision: 22 January 2007 Accepted: 12 February 2007 † Background and Aims The species-poor and little-studied genus Verhuellia has often been treated as a synonym of the genus Peperomia, downplaying its significance in the relationships and evolutionary aspects in Piperaceae and Piperales. The lack of knowledge concerning Verhuellia is largely due to its restricted distribution, poorly known collection localities, limited availability in herbaria and absence in botanical gardens and lack of material suitable for molecular phylogenetic studies until recently. Because Verhuellia has some of the most reduced flowers in Piperales, the reconstruction of floral evolution which shows strong trends towards reduction in all lineages needs to be revised. † Methods Verhuellia is included in a molecular phylogenetic analysis of Piperales (trnT-trnL-trnF and trnK/matK), based on nearly 6000 aligned characters and more than 1400 potentially parsimony-informative sites which were partly generated for the present study. Character states for stamen and carpel number are mapped on the combined molecular tree to reconstruct the ancestral states.
    [Show full text]
  • Elicitor Treatment Potentiates the Preventive Effect of Saururus Chinensis Leaves on Stress-Induced Gastritis
    Appl Biol Chem (2018) 61(4):423–431 Online ISSN 2468-0842 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13765-018-0375-3 Print ISSN 2468-0834 ARTICLE Elicitor treatment potentiates the preventive effect of Saururus chinensis leaves on stress-induced gastritis So-Young Park1 . In-Hwan Song2 . Young-Je Cho3 Received: 9 February 2018 / Accepted: 23 April 2018 / Published online: 1 June 2018 Ó The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry 2018 Abstract In this study, gastritis inhibitory substances were chinensis extracts could be effective to prevent gastritis and ethanol-extracted from Saururus chinensis leaves as a part could be used as a medicinal material source. of ongoing research on natural bioactive substances. Comparing S. chinensis extracts with and without elicitor Keywords Anti-inflammation Á Elicitation Á Inhibitory treatment showed that total phenolic compounds in the activity Á Saururus chinensis Á Stress-induced hemorrhagic leaves increased with increasing elicitor treatment. The gastritis contents of avicularin, manassantin A, manassantin B, and saucerneol D in the leaf, known gastritis inhibitory com- pounds, increased as elicitor treatment increased. S. chi- Introduction nensis extracts were administered to mice in a single oral dose of 0.25–2 g/kg, resulting in no observable toxicity Interests in natural biological compounds have increased as after 1 week. S. chinensis ethanol extracts were adminis- demands for functional foods have risen due to stressful tered to mice at a dose of 500 mg/kg before induction of lifestyles. Methods of increasing extraction yield, among gastritis by water-immersion restraint method. Macro- other techniques, have improved as processing method- scopic gastric hemorrhage and microscopic gastric damage ologies have progressed [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Application
    Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Application SUMMARY INFORMATION Name/Title of the Agricultural Heritage System: Osaki Kōdo‟s Traditional Water Management System for Sustainable Paddy Agriculture Requesting Agency: Osaki Region, Miyagi Prefecture （Osaki City, Shikama Town, Kami Town, Wakuya Town, Misato Town (one city, four towns） Requesting Organization: Osaki Region Committee for the Promotion of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems Members of Organization: Osaki City, Shikama Town, Kami Town, Wakuya Town, Misato Town Miyagi Prefecture Furukawa Agricultural Cooperative Association, Kami Yotsuba Agricultural Cooperative Association, Iwadeyama Agricultural Cooperative Association, Midorino Agricultural Cooperative Association, Osaki Region Water Management Council NPO Ecopal Kejonuma, NPO Kabukuri Numakko Club, NPO Society for Shinaimotsugo Conservation , NPO Tambo, Japanese Association for Wild Geese Protection Tohoku University, Miyagi University of Education, Miyagi University, Chuo University Responsible Ministry (for the Government): Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries The geographical coordinates are: North latitude 38°26’18”～38°55’25” and east longitude 140°42’2”～141°7’43” Accessibility of the Site to Capital City of Major Cities ○Prefectural Capital: Sendai City (closest station: JR Sendai Station) ○Access to Prefectural Capital: ・by rail (Tokyo – Sendai) JR Tohoku Super Express (Shinkansen): approximately 2 hours ※Access to requesting area: ・by rail (closest station: JR Furukawa
    [Show full text]
  • Stem Anatomy and the Evolution of Woodiness in Piperales Author(S): Santiago Trueba, Nick P
    Stem Anatomy and the Evolution of Woodiness in Piperales Author(s): Santiago Trueba, Nick P. Rowe, Christoph Neinhuis, Stefan Wanke, Sarah T. Wagner, Sandrine Isnard Source: International Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol. 176, No. 5 (June 2015), pp. 468-485 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/680595 . Accessed: 23/06/2015 19:18 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Journal of Plant Sciences. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 193.51.249.164 on Tue, 23 Jun 2015 19:18:41 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Int. J. Plant Sci. 176(5):468–485. 2015. q 2015 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 1058-5893/2015/17605-0006$15.00 DOI: 10.1086/680595 STEM ANATOMY AND THE EVOLUTION OF WOODINESS IN PIPERALES Santiago Trueba,1,*,† Nick P. Rowe,‡ Christoph Neinhuis,† Stefan Wanke,† Sarah T. Wagner,† and Sandrine Isnard*,† *Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche,
    [Show full text]
  • Saururus Cernuus L. Lizard's Tail
    New England Plant Conservation Program Saururus cernuus L. Lizard’s Tail Conservation and Research Plan for New England Prepared by: Michael S. Batcher Consulting Ecologist and Environmental Planner 1907 Buskirk-West Hoosick Rd. Buskirk, NY 12028 For: New England Wild Flower Society 180 Hemenway Road Framingham, MA 01701 508/877-7630 e-mail: [email protected] • website: www.newfs.org Approved, Regional Advisory Council, December 2002 i SUMMARY Saururus cernuus L. (Saururaceae) is a perennial herbaceous plant, found in forested and open wetlands in saturated soils and in periodically inundated conditions. Saururus cernuus is found from Ontario and Quebec, through southern New England and New York, into the southern and Midwestern United States. It is abundant throughout most of this range, but appears to be on the edge of its range in New England, Kansas (S1), Ontario (S3), and Quebec (S2). Saururus cernuus is ranked as G5 (Globally secure) and is a NEPCoP Division 2 (Regionally Rare) species. In New England, it is found at one site in Rhode Island (S1), at one undocumented site in Massachusetts where it is considered extirpated (SX), and at two sites in Connecticut (S1, E). Herbarium records indicate greater abundance in Connecticut prior to the 20th century. The largest Connecticut population contains over 50,000 plants. The second Connecticut population has over 1,000 plants, and the Rhode Island population has 100-1,000 plants. Threats include alteration of natural hydrologic regimes, shading by native and non-native species, and competition by invasive species. The overall objective for Saururus cernuus in New England is to maintain one large population of 25,000 to 50,000 plants within natural communities along the Saugatuck River (CT .004) and two populations of at least 1,000 plants at existing sites in Connecticut (CT .002) and Rhode Island (RI .001).
    [Show full text]
  • Title Phylogenetic Distribution of Lignan Producing Plants
    Title Phylogenetic Distribution of Lignan Producing Plants Author(s) UMEZAWA, Toshiaki Wood research : bulletin of the Wood Research Institute Kyoto Citation University (2003), 90: 27-110 Issue Date 2003-09-30 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/53098 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Note Phylogenetic Distribution of Lignan Producing Plants T oshiaki U MEZAWA *1 (Received May 31, 2003) Keywords: biosynthesis, evolution, lignans, phylogenetic distribution herein the author presents the complete and detailed list of Abstract phylogenetic distribution oflignan producing plant species Lignans are phenylpropanoid dimers, where the phenyl­ in relation to 66 typical lignans belonging to the 12 lignan propane units are linked by the central carbon (Cs) oftheir subgroups. 7 side chains. The chemical structures of lignans vary In the previous review ), 66 typicallignans (Fig. 1) were substantially in basic carbon frameworks, as do their chosen based on a database search. Briefly, 308 typical 2 oxidation levels and substitution patterns. In addition, lignans listed by Ayres and Loike ) was subjected to a lignans show considerable diversity in terms of enanti­ database search [SciFinder Scholar; database, CAPLUS; omeric compositions, biosynthesis, and phylogenetic keywords, "the name ofeach lignan (e.g. pinoresinol)" and distribution. In this paper, the phylogenetic distribution "isolation"], and lignans which appeared in more than 10 of plants producing more than 70 typical lignans with a papers were chosen, giving rise to the 66 lignans. As variety of chemical structures are listed based on a data­ shown in Fig. 1, the 66 lignans were classified into the 12 base search. subgroups taki~g the possible biosynthetic pathways into account.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Extracts from Ultra-Fine Ground Saururus Chinensis Leaves in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Raw 264.7 Cells
    J Appl Biol Chem (2016) 59(1), 37−43 Online ISSN 2234-7941 http://dx.doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2016.008 Print ISSN 1976-0442 Original Article: Bioactive Materials Anti-inflammatory Activity of Extracts from Ultra-Fine Ground Saururus chinensis Leaves in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Raw 264.7 Cells Dong-Hee Kim · Jun-Hyo Cho · Young-Je Cho* Received: 15 October 2015 / Accepted: 23 November 2015 / Published Online: 31 March 2016 © The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry 2016 Abstract Bioactive components of ultra-fine ground Saururus, chinensis extract had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect the extraction yield increases when the leaves are ultra-fine ground. on the production of prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor α, Comparison of normal-ground and ultra-fine ground Saururus interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-8 in LPS-treated Raw 264.7 chinensis leaves showed that the solid content and anti- cells, i.e., at 50 µg/mL of Saururus chinensis extract, their levels inflammatory activity of ultra-fine ground extracts was higher were decreased by 53, 67, 52, 37, and 21% respectively. than that of normal-ground extracts. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- stimulated Raw 264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations Keywords anti-inflammation · ethanol extracts · Saururus of Saururus chinensis extract and the amount of nitric oxide (NO) chinensis · ultra-fine grinding was determined; LPS-treated cells produced 2 times more NO than cells that were not treated with LPS. Moreover, the NO production in cells treated with Saururus chinensis extract was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. Because the Introduction stimulant-induced NO production is regulated by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), we measured the iNOS protein level Saururus chinensis is an herb that belongs to the Saururaceae to elucidate the mechanism by which the NO production was family.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Inflamatory Activity of Neolignan Compound Isolated from the Roots
    plants Communication Anti-Inflamatory Activity of Neolignan Compound Isolated from the Roots of Saururus chinensis Sae-Rom Yoo , Hyekyung Ha , Hyeun-Kyoo Shin and Chang-Seob Seo * Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea; [email protected] (S.-R.Y.); [email protected] (H.H.); [email protected] (H.-K.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-42-868-9361 Received: 6 July 2020; Accepted: 22 July 2020; Published: 23 July 2020 Abstract: Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. is a perennial herb and grows in Korea, China, and Japan. 8 Interestingly, (7S,8S)-D 0 -3,4-methylenedioxy-30,5,50-trimethoxy-7-monoacetate-8.O.40-neolignan (MTMN), one of the active neolignans, was first isolated from the roots of Saururus chinensis. The compound was screened for anti-inflammatory activity using a RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line. The dried roots of S. chinensis (9.7 kg) were extracted with 70% methanol and then solvent fractionation. From the ethyl acetate fraction, MTMN was purified through silica gel column and reverse-phase column chromatography and its structure was identified by spectroscopic analysis with nuclear magnetic resonance, circular dichroism, and mass spectrometry. RAW264.7 cells were induced using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and treated with or without MTMN. Production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were measured and protein expressions of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were analyzed by immunoblotting. The isolated 8 neolignan was (7S,8S)-D 0 -3,4-methylenedioxy-30,5,50-trimethoxy-7-monoacetate-8.O.40-neolignan.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollinator Attraction and Photosynthetic Contribution
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Portsmouth University Research Portal (Pure) In press, Annals of Botany 2018 Original Article Reversible color change in leaves enhances pollinator attraction and reproductive success in Saururus chinensis (Saururaceae) Bo Song1, Jürg Stöcklin2, W. Scott Armbruster3, 4, Yongqian Gao5, Deli Peng1, 6, Hang Sun1* 1 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China; 2 Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstr 6, Basel 4056, Switzerland; 3 School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK; 4 Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; 5Yunnan Forestry Technological College, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China; 6 School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China *Correspondence author: [email protected]; Fax: +86-871-65215002 Running title: The role of reversible leaf colour change in Saururus chinensis Abstract Background and Aims Although there has been much experimental work on leaf colour change associated with selection generated by abiotic environmental factors and antagonists, the role of leaf colour change in pollinator attraction has been largely ignored. We tested whether whitening of the apical leaves subtending the inflorescences of Saururus chinensis during flowering enhances pollinator attraction, and whether re-greening of the white leaves after flowering increases carbon assimilation and promotes seed production. Methods White leaves were removed or covered, and the effects of these manipulations on pollinator visitation and subsequent reproductive success were assessed.
    [Show full text]
  • Developmental Genetics of the Perianthless Flowers and Bracts of a Paleoherb Species, Saururus Chinensis
    Developmental Genetics of the Perianthless Flowers and Bracts of a Paleoherb Species, Saururus chinensis Yin-He Zhao1,2, Zachary Larson-Rabin1, Guo-Ying Wang3, Michael Mo¨ ller4, Cheng-Yun Li2, Jin- Peng Zhang3, Hong-Tao Li1, De-Zhu Li1* 1 Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China, 2 College of Agronomy, and Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China, 3 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China, 4 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom Abstract Saururus chinensis is a core member of Saururaceae, a perianthless (lacking petals or sepals) family. Due to its basal phylogenetic position and unusual floral composition, study of this plant family is important for understanding the origin and evolution of perianthless flowers and petaloid bracts among angiosperm species. To isolate genes involved in S. chinensis flower development, subtracted floral cDNA libraries were constructed by using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) on transcripts isolated from developing inflorescences and seedling leaves. The subtracted cDNA libraries contained a total of 1,141 ESTs and were used to create cDNA microarrays to analyze transcript profiles of developing inflorescence tissues. Subsequently, qRT-PCR analyses of eight MADS-box transcription factors and in situ hybridizations of two B-class MADS-box transcription factors were performed to verify and extend the cDNA microarray results. Finally, putative phylogenetic relationships within the B-class MADS-box gene family were determined using the discovered S. chinensis B-class genes to compare K-domain sequences with B genes from other basal angiosperms.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of Saururaceae Based on Morphology And
    PHYLOGENY OF Shao-Wu Meng,2,* Andrew W. Douglas,4 2 3 SAURURACEAE BASED ON De-Zhu Li, Zhi-Duan Chen, Han-Xing Liang,2 and Jun-Bo Yang2 MORPHOLOGY AND FIVE REGIONS FROM THREE PLANT GENOMES1 ABSTRACT Phylogenetic relationships of the six extant species of four genera of the Saururaceae are resolved based on sequence data: 18S and ITS from the nuclear genome; rbcL and trnL-F from the chloroplast genome; and matR from the mito- chondrial genome. Zippelia begoniaefolia, from a genus of Piperaceae, is used as an outgroup. Results are presented in separate and combined analyses of sequence data. Forty-nine morphological characters reconstruct the phylogeny in this family, again using Zippelia as outgroup. Whether the topologies of Saururaceae are based on individual genomic data sets, the combined DNA sequence data sets, morphological data sets, or the combined DNA sequence and morphological data sets, all are closely congruent. In all analyses, the monophyly of Saururus and Gymnotheca, re- spectively, is strongly supported, and the sister relationship between Gymnotheca and Saururus is well supported. In the analysis of nuclear DNA data sets, Anemopsis is the sister group to all other Saururaceae, with Houttuynia then sister to Saururus and Gymnotheca, and with Saururus sister to Gymnotheca; however, in the analyses of the other data sets, Anemopsis is the sister group of Houttuynia, and the Anemopsis±Houttuynia clade lies sister to the Saururus± Gymnotheca clade. The result that the Anemopsis±Houttuynia clade comprises the sister group of Saururus±Gymnotheca clade is novel and differs from previous phylogenetic opinion. Key words: Anemopsis, genomes, Gymnotheca, Houttuynia, morphology, multigene data, phylogeny, Saururaceae, Saururus.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Implications of Leaf Micromorphology Using Microscopic Analysis: a Tool for Identification and Authentication of Korean Piperales
    plants Article Taxonomic Implications of Leaf Micromorphology Using Microscopic Analysis: A Tool for Identification and Authentication of Korean Piperales Jun-Ho Song , Sungyu Yang and Goya Choi * Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Korea; [email protected] (J.-H.S.); [email protected] (S.Y.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-61-338-7118 Received: 30 March 2020; Accepted: 26 April 2020; Published: 29 April 2020 Abstract: A comparative study of the leaf micromorphology of Korean Piperales, including medicinal materials, was performed through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, to evaluate their taxonomic significance. Piperales possessed both amphistomatic and hypostomatic leaves. The epidermal area ranged from 38 to 5077 µm2, and the stomatal area ranged from 201 to 2129 µm2. The stomatal index on the abaxial surface was higher than that on the abaxial surface. Anomocytic stomata occurred most commonly, but actinocytic, anisocytic, tetracytic, and staurocytic stomata were also found in certain taxa. Secretory idioblasts were found on all taxa studied except Aristolochia. Three main types of trichomes were defined—(1) glandular trichome; (2) simple multicellular trichome; and (3) two-armed multicellular Y-shaped trichome. Although the quantitative data on its own had somewhat limited taxonomic value, the various qualitative characteristics (e.g., epidermal surfaces, stomata types and positions, trichome types and density, and secretory idioblast types) had great taxonomic value. These characteristics might be taxonomically relevant and useful for developing an identification key. Additionally, we evaluated and supported the previous taxonomic system of Korean Asarum, using leaf micromorphological characteristics. Finally, through the application for authentication of herbal medicine, we revealed that leaf micromorphological characteristics can be used for accurate authentication.
    [Show full text]