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Untersuchung Von Flora, Vegetation Und Biotoptypen in Der Dörflichen Kulturlandschaft Koreas

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Untersuchung Von Flora, Vegetation Und Biotoptypen in Der Dörflichen Kulturlandschaft Koreas Untersuchung von Flora, Vegetation und Biotoptypen in der dörflichen Kulturlandschaft Koreas vorgelegt von Diplom-Ingenieurin Yeon Mee Kim Chung-Ju, Korea von der Fakultät VII Architektur Umwelt Gesellschaft der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Naturwissenschaften - Dr. rer. nat. - genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuß: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. J. Küchler Berichter: Prof. Dr. H. Sukopp Berichter: Prof. Dr. I. Kowarik Berichter: Prof. Dr. St. Zerbe Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 19. Dezember 2001 Berlin 2001 B 83 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort ............................................................................................................................................. 9 1. Einleitung.....................................................................................................................................10 2. Untersuchungsgebiet...................................................................................................................13 2.1 Auswahl der Dörfer......................................................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Naturräumliche Grundlagen .......................................................................................................................... 14 3. Methodik......................................................................................................................................20 3.1 Biotoptypen ...................................................................................................................................................... 20 3.1.1 Gliederung von Biotoptypen ................................................................................................................. 20 3.1.2 Erfassung der Biotoptypen..................................................................................................................... 22 3.2 Gefäßpflanzen.................................................................................................................................................. 25 3.2.1 Erfassung der Gefäßpflanzen ................................................................................................................ 25 3.2.2 Nichteinheimische Pflanzen................................................................................................................... 26 3.2.3 Lebensformtypen..................................................................................................................................... 27 3.2.4 Menschlicher Einfluß (Hemerobie) ...................................................................................................... 27 3.2.4.1 Hemerobie-Konzept zur Bewertung des menschlichen Einflusses......................................... 27 3.2.4.2 Berechnungen der Hemerobie-Zeigerwerte................................................................................. 28 3.2.5 Seltenheit und Gefährdung .................................................................................................................... 31 3.3 Vegetation......................................................................................................................................................... 32 3.3.1 Erfassung der Vegetation ....................................................................................................................... 32 3.3.2 Floristische und soziologische Differenzierung.................................................................................. 33 4. Artenspektrum .............................................................................................................................36 4.1 Einwanderungsstatus und Herkunft von nichteinheimischen Arten...................................................... 36 4.1.1 Wahrnehmung nichteinheimischer Arten in Korea und Kenntnisstand zu ihren Vorkommen. 36 4.1.2 Anteil nichteinheimischer Arten in den untersuchten Dörfern ....................................................... 38 4.1.3 Herkunft nichteinheimischer Arten...................................................................................................... 41 4.2 Lebensformenspektren ................................................................................................................................... 42 4.3 Familienzugehörigkeit der Arten................................................................................................................... 43 4.4 Menschlicher Einfluß (Hemerobie).............................................................................................................. 44 4.4.1 Menschlicher Einfluß auf die Landschaft Koreas .............................................................................. 44 4.4.2 Hemerobie-Zeigerwerte der Arten........................................................................................................ 45 4.4.3 Hemerobie und Lebensformtypen........................................................................................................ 48 4.4.4 Hemerobie und nichteinheimische Arten............................................................................................ 49 5. Biotoptypen und ihre Flora..........................................................................................................51 5.1 Differenzierung von Biotoptypen................................................................................................................. 51 5.2 Analyse von Arten in Biotoptypen ............................................................................................................... 52 5.2.1 Artenzahl der Biotoptypen..................................................................................................................... 52 5.2.2 Frequenzverteilung der Arten................................................................................................................ 56 5.2.3 Dominanzbildung der Arten in den Biotoptypen............................................................................... 57 5.3 Nichteinheimische Arten in den Biotoptypen ............................................................................................ 58 5.4 Hemerobieskala der Biotoptypen.................................................................................................................. 65 6. Vegetation....................................................................................................................................68 6.1 Synsystematische und syntaxonomische Übersicht ................................................................................... 68 6.2 Gesellschaften der Gewässer und Gewässerufer........................................................................................ 70 6.3 Gesellschaften der Äcker und Ackerränder................................................................................................. 77 6.4 Ruderalgesellschaften...................................................................................................................................... 84 6.5 Gesellschaften der Wege und Wegränder.................................................................................................... 89 6.6 Gesellschaften der Wiesen ............................................................................................................................. 93 6.7 Gesellschaften der Wälder und Forste......................................................................................................... 99 7. Kartierschlüssel der Biotoptypen................................................................................................111 7.1 Biotope der Bebauung .................................................................................................................................. 112 7.2 Biotope der Verkehrsflächen ....................................................................................................................... 115 7.3 Biotope der Landwirtschaftsflächen........................................................................................................... 120 7.4 Biotope der Gehölzbestände, Gehölzgruppen ......................................................................................... 130 7.5 Biotope der Forst und Wälder..................................................................................................................... 131 7.6 Biotope der Gewässer................................................................................................................................... 137 7.7 Biotope der kultischen Bereiche.................................................................................................................. 143 7.8 Sonstige Biotope............................................................................................................................................ 145 8. Floristischer Vergleich der Dörfer ............................................................................................. 151 8.1 Vergleich der Arten und Biotoptypen........................................................................................................ 151 8.2 Stetigkeit und Dominanz der Arten............................................................................................................ 152 8.3 Verteilung der Lebensformtypen ................................................................................................................ 155 8.4 Vorkommen nichteinheimischer
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