Effects of Ecology, Life History, and Behavior
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University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
EVALUATION OF Rhyzobius lophanthae (BLAISDELL) AND Cryptolaemus montrouzieri MULSANT (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) AS PREDATORS OF Aulacaspis yasumatsui TAKAGI (HEMIPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) By GRETA THORSON A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2009 1 © 2009 Greta Thorson 2 To my family for their constant support and encouragement, as well as past and present colleagues and mentors who helped inspire me along the way 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my family for their enthusiasm in helping me collect insects and willingness to store countless specimens in their freezers over the years. I’d especially like to thank my major professor and committee members for lending their experience and encouragement. I’d like to also thank my past mentors who inspired me to pursue entomology as a profession. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................7 LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................................10 ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................11 -
Report and Recommendations on Cycad Aulacaspis Scale, Aulacaspis Yasumatsui Takagi (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)
IUCN/SSC Cycad Specialist Group – Subgroup on Invasive Pests Report and Recommendations on Cycad Aulacaspis Scale, Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) 18 September 2005 Subgroup Members (Affiliated Institution & Location) • William Tang, Subgroup Leader (USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Miami, FL, USA) • Dr. John Donaldson, CSG Chair (South African National Biodiversity Institute & Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town, South Africa) • Jody Haynes (Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL, USA)1 • Dr. Irene Terry (Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) Consultants • Dr. Anne Brooke (Guam National Wildlife Refuge, Dededo, Guam) • Michael Davenport (Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Miami, FL, USA) • Dr. Thomas Marler (College of Natural & Applied Sciences - AES, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam) • Christine Wiese (Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL, USA) Introduction The IUCN/SSC Cycad Specialist Group – Subgroup on Invasive Pests was formed in June 2005 to address the emerging threat to wild cycad populations from the artificial spread of insect pests and pathogens of cycads. Recently, an aggressive pest on cycads, the cycad aulacaspis scale (CAS)— Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)—has spread through human activity and commerce to the point where two species of cycads face imminent extinction in the wild. Given its mission of cycad conservation, we believe the CSG should clearly focus its attention on mitigating the impact of CAS on wild cycad populations and cultivated cycad collections of conservation importance (e.g., Montgomery Botanical Center). The control of CAS in home gardens, commercial nurseries, and city landscapes is outside the scope of this report and is a topic covered in various online resources (see www.montgomerybotanical.org/Pages/CASlinks.htm). -
A New Pupillarial Scale Insect (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) from Angophora in Coastal New South Wales, Australia
Zootaxa 4117 (1): 085–100 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4117.1.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5C240849-6842-44B0-AD9F-DFB25038B675 A new pupillarial scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) from Angophora in coastal New South Wales, Australia PENNY J. GULLAN1,3 & DOUGLAS J. WILLIAMS2 1Division of Evolution, Ecology & Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia 2The Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences (Entomology), London SW7 5BD, UK 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new scale insect, Aolacoccus angophorae gen. nov. and sp. nov. (Eriococcidae), is described from the bark of Ango- phora (Myrtaceae) growing in the Sydney area of New South Wales, Australia. These insects do not produce honeydew, are not ant-tended and probably feed on cortical parenchyma. The adult female is pupillarial as it is retained within the cuticle of the penultimate (second) instar. The crawlers (mobile first-instar nymphs) emerge via a flap or operculum at the posterior end of the abdomen of the second-instar exuviae. The adult and second-instar females, second-instar male and first-instar nymph, as well as salient features of the apterous adult male, are described and illustrated. The adult female of this new taxon has some morphological similarities to females of the non-pupillarial palm scale Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell (Phoenicococcidae), the pupillarial palm scales (Halimococcidae) and some pupillarial genera of armoured scales (Diaspididae), but is related to other Australian Myrtaceae-feeding eriococcids. -
Alien Invasive Species and International Trade
Forest Research Institute Alien Invasive Species and International Trade Edited by Hugh Evans and Tomasz Oszako Warsaw 2007 Reviewers: Steve Woodward (University of Aberdeen, School of Biological Sciences, Scotland, UK) François Lefort (University of Applied Science in Lullier, Switzerland) © Copyright by Forest Research Institute, Warsaw 2007 ISBN 978-83-87647-64-3 Description of photographs on the covers: Alder decline in Poland – T. Oszako, Forest Research Institute, Poland ALB Brighton – Forest Research, UK; Anoplophora exit hole (example of wood packaging pathway) – R. Burgess, Forestry Commission, UK Cameraria adult Brussels – P. Roose, Belgium; Cameraria damage medium view – Forest Research, UK; other photographs description inside articles – see Belbahri et al. Language Editor: James Richards Layout: Gra¿yna Szujecka Print: Sowa–Print on Demand www.sowadruk.pl, phone: +48 022 431 81 40 Instytut Badawczy Leœnictwa 05-090 Raszyn, ul. Braci Leœnej 3, phone [+48 22] 715 06 16 e-mail: [email protected] CONTENTS Introduction .......................................6 Part I – EXTENDED ABSTRACTS Thomas Jung, Marla Downing, Markus Blaschke, Thomas Vernon Phytophthora root and collar rot of alders caused by the invasive Phytophthora alni: actual distribution, pathways, and modeled potential distribution in Bavaria ......................10 Tomasz Oszako, Leszek B. Orlikowski, Aleksandra Trzewik, Teresa Orlikowska Studies on the occurrence of Phytophthora ramorum in nurseries, forest stands and garden centers ..........................19 Lassaad Belbahri, Eduardo Moralejo, Gautier Calmin, François Lefort, Jose A. Garcia, Enrique Descals Reports of Phytophthora hedraiandra on Viburnum tinus and Rhododendron catawbiense in Spain ..................26 Leszek B. Orlikowski, Tomasz Oszako The influence of nursery-cultivated plants, as well as cereals, legumes and crucifers, on selected species of Phytophthopra ............30 Lassaad Belbahri, Gautier Calmin, Tomasz Oszako, Eduardo Moralejo, Jose A. -
The Ecology of the Gum Tree Scale
WAITI. INSTII'UTE à1.3. 1b t.IP,RÅRY THE ECoLOGY 0F THE GUM TREE SCALE ( ERI0COCCUS CORIACEUS MASK.), AND ITS NATURAL ENEMIES BY Nei'l Gough , B. Sc. Hons . A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Ag¡icultural Science at the UniversitY of Adelaide. Department of Entomoì ogY' l^laite Agricultural Research Institute' Unj versi ty of Adelaide. .l975 May 't CONTENTS Page SUMMARY viii DECLARATION xii ACKNOl^lLEDGEMENTS xiii 1. INTRODUCTION I l 1 I Introduction I 2 Histori cal information 1 4 1 3 The study area tr I 4 The climate of Ade'laide 6 1 5 A brief description of the biology of E. coriaceus l 6 Initial observations 9 1.64 First generations observed 9 1.68 The measurement of causes of rnortality to the female scale and of the ìengths of the survivors l0 'l .6C Reproduction by the female scale. November 1971 t3 'l .6D The estimation of the number of craw'lers produced '15 in the second generation. November and December l97l l.6E The estimation of the number of nymphs on the tree l6 'l 7 Conc'lus ions f rom the 'i ni ti al observati ons and general p'l an of the study 21 2 ASPECTS OF THE BIOLOGY OF E. CORIACEUS 25 2 .t Biology of the irmature stages 25 2.1A The nymphal stages 25 2.18 The ínfluence of the density of nymphs on their rate of sett'ling 27 2 .2 The adult female 30 2.2A The adul t femal e sett'l i ng patterns 30 2.28 The distribution of the colonies on the twigs 30 2.2C Settl ing on the leaves 33 2.20 Seasona'l variation in the densities of the co'lonies of femal es 33 11. -
Managing Insects and Related Pests of Roses Bastiaan M
B-6068 6-99 Managing insects and related pests of roses Bastiaan M. Drees, Brent Pemberton and Charles L. Cole* to outbreaks of spider mites. Thus, protecting exas is well known for roses. In the Tyler roses from insects and mites requires continual region, roses are grown commercially in care and substantial knowledge of pests and Tgreenhouses and outdoor nurseries, where management alternatives, including pesticides field-grown cut flowers, potted miniature roses, and their use. bare-root roses for use in landscapes, and potted roses for the garden-center trade are produced. Monitoring and identifying Although several species of roses are native to the state, the rose industry is based primarily on pests and their damage the many exotic rose hybrids available, including Detecting and identifying pests are the first antique and shrub roses, which have fewer pest steps in managing insects attacking roses. Inspect problems. One of the largest antique-rose pro- plants regularly for pests and the injury they ducers in the nation is produce. For example, located near Brenham, check the underside of a Texas. set number of leaves weekly for such pests as Because roses are grown spider mites or aphids. and appreciated primarily Regular inspections can for their aesthetic value, help growers detect the the plants—and particularly arrival of new pests or the blossoms—should be document the abundance relatively free from pest of pests over time. In addi- damage. Rose plants in the tion, monitoring helps landscape need not neces- growers time their sup- sarily be blemish-free, but pression methods and still should be healthy and evaluate their effectiveness add to the plantings’ overall better. -
Coccidology. the Study of Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (E-Journal) Revista Corpoica – Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (2008) 9(2), 55-61 RevIEW ARTICLE Coccidology. The study of scale insects (Hemiptera: Takumasa Kondo1, Penny J. Gullan2, Douglas J. Williams3 Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) Coccidología. El estudio de insectos ABSTRACT escama (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: A brief introduction to the science of coccidology, and a synopsis of the history, Coccoidea) advances and challenges in this field of study are discussed. The changes in coccidology since the publication of the Systema Naturae by Carolus Linnaeus 250 years ago are RESUMEN Se presenta una breve introducción a la briefly reviewed. The economic importance, the phylogenetic relationships and the ciencia de la coccidología y se discute una application of DNA barcoding to scale insect identification are also considered in the sinopsis de la historia, avances y desafíos de discussion section. este campo de estudio. Se hace una breve revisión de los cambios de la coccidología Keywords: Scale, insects, coccidae, DNA, history. desde la publicación de Systema Naturae por Carolus Linnaeus hace 250 años. También se discuten la importancia económica, las INTRODUCTION Sternorrhyncha (Gullan & Martin, 2003). relaciones filogenéticas y la aplicación de These insects are usually less than 5 mm códigos de barras del ADN en la identificación occidology is the branch of in length. Their taxonomy is based mainly de insectos escama. C entomology that deals with the study of on the microscopic cuticular features of hemipterous insects of the superfamily Palabras clave: insectos, escama, coccidae, the adult female. -
The Gall-Inducing Habit Has Evolved Multiple Times Among the Eriococcid Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae)
Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UKBIJBiological Journal of the Linnean Society0024-4066The Linnean Society of London, 2004? 2004 834 441452 Original Article MULTIPLE ORIGINS OF GALLING IN ERIOCOCCIDS L. G. COOK and P. J. GULLAN Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 83, 441–452. With 2 figures The gall-inducing habit has evolved multiple times among the eriococcid scale insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) L. G. COOK* and P. J. GULLAN† School of Botany and Zoology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia Received 7 August 2003; accepted for publication 20 February 2004 The habit of inducing plant galls has evolved multiple times among insects but most species diversity occurs in only a few groups, such as gall midges and gall wasps. This phylogenetic clustering may reflect adaptive radiations in insect groups in which the trait has evolved. Alternatively, multiple independent origins of galling may suggest a selective advantage to the habit. We use DNA sequence data to examine the origins of galling among the most spe- ciose group of gall-inducing scale insects, the eriococcids. We determine that the galling habit has evolved multiple times, including four times in Australian taxa, suggesting that there has been a selective advantage to galling in Australia. Additionally, although most gall-inducing eriococcid species occur on Myrtaceae, we found that lineages feeding on Myrtaceae are no more likely to have evolved the galling habit than those feeding on other plant groups. However, most gall-inducing species-richness is clustered in only two clades (Apiomorpha and Lachnodius + Opisthoscelis), all of which occur exclusively on Eucalyptus s.s. -
Insects That Feed on Trees and Shrubs
INSECTS THAT FEED ON COLORADO TREES AND SHRUBS1 Whitney Cranshaw David Leatherman Boris Kondratieff Bulletin 506A TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFOLIATORS .................................................... 8 Leaf Feeding Caterpillars .............................................. 8 Cecropia Moth ................................................ 8 Polyphemus Moth ............................................. 9 Nevada Buck Moth ............................................. 9 Pandora Moth ............................................... 10 Io Moth .................................................... 10 Fall Webworm ............................................... 11 Tiger Moth ................................................. 12 American Dagger Moth ......................................... 13 Redhumped Caterpillar ......................................... 13 Achemon Sphinx ............................................. 14 Table 1. Common sphinx moths of Colorado .......................... 14 Douglas-fir Tussock Moth ....................................... 15 1. Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension etnomologist and associate professor, entomology; David Leatherman, entomologist, Colorado State Forest Service; Boris Kondratieff, associate professor, entomology. 8/93. ©Colorado State University Cooperative Extension. 1994. For more information, contact your county Cooperative Extension office. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, -
Effects of Thermal Stress on the Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata Lugens
EFFECTS OF THERMAL STRESS ON THE BROWN PLANTHOPPER NILAPARVATA LUGENS (STAL) by JIRANAN PIYAPHONGKUL A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham For the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Biosciences University of Birmingham February 2013 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract This study investigated the effects of heat stress on the survival, mobility, acclimation ability, development, reproduction and feeding behaviour of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. The critical information derived from the heat tolerance studies indicate that some first instar nymphs become immobilized by heat stress at around 30°C and among the more heat tolerant adult stage, no insects were capable of coordinated movement at 38°C. There was no recovery after entry into heat coma, at temperatures around 38°C for nymphs and 42-43°C for adults. At 41.8° and 42.5oC respectively, approximately 50% of nymphs and adults are killed. In a comparison of the acclimation responses between nymphs and adults reared at 23°C and acclimated at either 15 or 30°C, the data indicate that increases in cold tolerance were greater than heat tolerance, and that acclimation over a generation compared with a single life stage increases tolerance across the thermal spectrum. -
Parlatoria Ziziphi (Lucas)
UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT OF AGRI-FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL PhD PROGRAMME IN PLANT HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES CYCLE XXIV 2009-2012 Jendoubi Hanene Current status of the scale insect fauna of citrus in Tunisia and biological studies on Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas) COORDINATOR SUPERVISOR Prof. Carmelo Rapisarda Prof. Agatino Russo CO-SUPERVISOR Dr. Pompeo Suma EXTERNAL SUPERVISORS Prof. Mohamed Habib Dhouibi Prof. Ferran Garcia Marì - 1 - In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful ِ ِ اقَْرأْ بِا ْسم َربِّ َك الَّذي خَلَق Read! In the name of your Lord Who has created (all that exists). ِ خَلَ َق اْْلِنسَا َن م ْن عَلَ ق He has created man from a clot. اقَْرأْ َوَربُّ َك اْْلَ ْكَرمُ Read! And your Lord is Most Generous, ِ ِ الَّذي عَلَّمَ بِالْق َلَم Who has taught (the writing) by the pen عَلَّمَ اْْلِنسَا َن مَا لَْم يَْعلَم He has taught man what he knew not. صدق اهلل العظيم God the almighty spoke the truth - 2 - Declaration "I hereby declare that this submission is my own work except for quotation and citations which have been duly acknowledged; and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning". Hanene Jendoubi 08.12.2011 - 3 - Title Thesis Current status of the scale insect fauna of citrus in Tunisia and biological studies on Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas) - 4 - Dedication I dedicate this thesis to my wonderful parents who have continuously told me how proud they are of me. -
Scale – Insect Pests of Vineyards (AWRI Fact Sheet
Fact Sheet VITICULTURE Scale – insect pests of vineyards Please find attached signed T&C form. If Introduction there is anything Scale insects are sap-sucking pests that draw nutrients from plants and excrete a sugary liquid called honeydew. These insects are common in Australian vineyards but typically do not cause enough damage to warrant action to control them. In someelse circumstances that, however, we the can population can reach a threshold where intervention is required to avoid fruit being downgraded or rejected. Because scale insects have not been considered a high priority for viticultural research, knowledge about their biology and ecology in vineyards is limited.to sign or you Scale species need before the The scale species most commonly found in Australian vineyards are grapevine scale (Parthenolecanium persicae) and frosted scale (Parthenolecanium pruinosum), with several other species found rarely. The differences between the main24/12, scale species are subtleplease and they can let be difficult to distinguish. Grapevine scale adults are slightly bigger and oblong in shape, where frosted scale adults are round. Another feature that differentiates the two species is egg colour, with grapevine scale producing pink eggs and frosted scale producing pale yellowme eggs. Inknow. any case, identifying the species is not particularly useful because their life cycles are very similar and control methods are the same. Life cycle Soft scale species complete their life cycle over a 12-month period. As the life cycles are similar for the two main scale species found in Australia, a general model is provided, beginning with the winter period. Updated June 2018 Fact Sheet VITICULTURE Table 1.