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A Taxonomic Analysis of the Armored Scale Tribe Odonaspidini of the World

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A Taxonomic Analysis of the Armored Scale Tribe Odonaspidini of the World fi^mT^ . United states i^j Department of ^j AgricuKure A Taxonomic Analysis of Agricultural Research Service the Armored Scale Tribe Technical Bulletin Number Odonaspidini of the World 1723 (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae) r 30 ■-< 893971 ABSTRACT Ben-Dov, Yair, 1988. A taxonomic Keys are included for the five genera of analysis of the armored scale tribe the tribe and their species. Odonaspidini of the world (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). U.S. Department Two names are newly placed in synonymy: of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin No. Aspidiotus (Odonaspis) janeirensis Hempel 1723, 142 p. is a synonym of 0. saccharicaulis (Zehntner) and <0. pseudoruthae Mamet of This study revises on a worldwide basis 0. ruthae Kotinsky. the genera and species of the tribe Odonaspidini of armored scale insects. Lectotypes have been designated for 12 The characteristics of the tribe are species: B. bambusarum, C^. bibursella, discussed, and distinguishing features £. canaliculata, D. bibursa, are elucidated with scanning electron F. inusitata, F. penicillata, 0. greeni, microscope micrographs. Descriptions and 0. lingnani, 0. ruthae, 0. schizostachyi, illustrations are given for all taxa of 0. secreta, and 0. siamensis. A neotype the tribe. The following 5 genera are has been selected for 0. saccharicaulis. recognized, of which 1 is new, with a total of 41 species, including 17 new: The species of the tribe are almost BERLESASPIDIOTUS MacGillivray: exclusively specific to host plants of Ë* bambusarum (Cockerell); B. crenulatus, the Gramineae and are distributed between n. sp.; CIRCULASPIS MacGillivray.: the 45th northern and southern latitudes C. bibursella Ferris; C. canaliculata in all zoogeographical regions. (Green); C. fistulata (Ferris); C. fistulella Ferris; DICIRCULASPIS, n. A list is included of 19 species of gen.: D. bibursa (Ferris); D. philippina, natural enemies that prey on or n. sp.; FROGGATTIELLA Leonardi: * parasitize odonaspidine armored scales. F^. inusitata (Green); F. mcclurei, n. sp.; F. penicillata (Green); ODONASPIS Two appendixes are given: (1) The species Leonardi: 0. anneckei, n. sp.; of Odonaspidini with their host plants —• a^cusQOtata, n. sp.; 0. aristidae, n. and (2) host plants with their species of sp.; 0. australiensis, n. sp.; 0. benardi Odonaspidini. Balachowsky; 0. bromeliae, n. sp.; 0. floridana, n. sp.; 0. galapagoensis, KEYWORDS: Berlesaspidiotus, Circulaspis, n. sp.; 0. graminis Bremner; 0. greeni Coccoidea, Diaspididae, Dicirculaspis, (Cockerell); 0. lingnani Ferris; Froggattiella, Gramineae, Homoptera, host 9.* litorosa Ferris; 0. minima Howell and plants, key to genera, key to species, Tippins; 0. morrisoni Beardsley; natural enemies, Odonaspidini, Odonaspis, <0. oshimaensis Kuwana; 0_. pacifica, n. world distribution. sp.; 0. panici Hall; 0. paucipora, n. sp.; 0. phragmitis Hall; 0. ruthae Kotinsky; 0^. sabulincola, n. sp.; 0. saccharicaulis (Zehntner); 0. schizostachyi Cockerell and Robinson; 0. secreta (Cockerell); 0. serrata, n. sp.; 0. siamensis (Takahashi); 0. stipagrostis, n. sp.; 0. texana, n. sp.; 0^. transkeiensis, n. sp.; and 0. tsinjoarivensis Mamet. United States Department of A Taxonomic Analysis of Agriculture Agricultural the Armored Scale Tribe Research Service Odonaspidini of the World Technical Bulletin (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae) Number 1723 By Yair Ben-Dov USDA. National Agricultural Library NALBIdg 10301 Baltimore Blvd Beltsville. MD 20705-2351 PREFACE This revision of the Odonaspidini was scale insect material, reprints of undertaken when I was curator of the publications, and who answered various Coccoidea at the National Collection of questions: P.H. Arnaud, Jr., Department Insects, Plant Protection Research of Entomology, California Academy of Institute, Pretoria, South Africa• While Sciences, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A.; studying several collections of Ronald G. Baer, Department of Entomology, odonaspidine armored scale insects from Mississippi State University, Mississippi southern Africa, I realized that they State, MS, U.S.A.; A.S. Balachowsky, could not be named before the taxonomy of Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, some of the older taxa was clarified. At Paris, France; Cheryl B. Barr, Department that time no comprehensive treatise of of Entomology, Louisiana State the tribe was available, and some of the University, Baton Rouge, LA, U.S.A.; taxa were inadequately known. Therefore, J.W. Beardsley, University of Hawaii, a revision on a worldwide basis of the Honolulu, HI, U.S.A.; Ramona J. Beshear, Odonaspidini was proposed. University of Georgia, Experiment, GA, U.S.A.; B.W. Blair, Plant Protection My undertaking of this revision was Branch, Salisbury, Zimbabwe (Rhodesia); encouragingly endorsed by the late W.A. Boedijono, Sugar Experiment Station, Dave P. Annecke, Assistant Director, Pasuruan, Indonesia; S.A. Brink, Central Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Library, Pretoria, South Pretoria, by the late A.S. Balachowsky, Africa; Helen M. Brookes, Department of Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Entomology, The University of Adelaide, Paris, France, and by my colleagues Waite Agricultural Research Institute, Douglas J. Williams, Commonwealth Glen Osmond, South Australia; Institute of Entomology, London, England, Clare Butcher, Entomology Division, and Douglass R. Miller, U.S. Department Department of Scientific and Industrial of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A. Research, Auckland, New Zealand; The completion of the study had to be A.J.M. Carnegie, South African Sugar delayed for some time when I assumed duty Association, Mount Edgecombe, Natal, at the Division of Entomology, South Africa; Jennifer M. Cox, British Agricultural Research Organization, Museum (Natural History), London, Bet Dagan, Israel. The revision was England; J.P. da Fonseca, Instituto finalized during a sabbatical year that I Biológico, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Janny A. was granted from this institute. I de Boer, formerly of DSIR, Auckland, New express my thanks to Eliahu Swirski, Zealand; J.P. Duffels, Instituut voor Head, Department of Entomology, and Taxonomische Zoologie, Universiteit van Shimon Ascher, Head, Plant Protection Amsterdam, Holland; Uri Gerson, Institute, Agricultural Research Department of Entomology, Faculty of Organization, Bet Dagan, for endorsing my Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel; Pamela plans to finalize this study during my Gilbert, Library of the British Museum sabbatical, and to Michael Kosztarab and (Natural History), London, England; Sidney L. Poe, Department of Entomology, Ray J. Gill, California Department of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Agriculture, Sacramento, CA, U.S.A.; University, Blacksburg, VA, U.S.A., for Avas B. Hamon, Florida Department of use of their facilities during my Agriculture, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A.; sabbatical year. B. Häuser, Department des Arthropodes, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, This revision could not have been Geneve, Switzerland; F.W. Howard, completed without the kind cooperation of University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale, many colleagues, who made available the FL, U.S.A.; James 0. Howell, University 111 of Georgia, Experiment, GA, U.S.A.; Schuster, Museum of the Department of Linda Huddleston, formerly of the British Entomology, University of California, Museum (Natural History), London, Davis, CA, U.S.A.; Manya B. Stoetzel, England; Michael Kosztarab, Department of U.S. Department of Agriculture, Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Beltsville, MD, U.S.A.; Tetsusaburo Institute and State University, Tachikawa, Entomological Laboratory, Blacksburg, VA, U.S.A.; P.A. Maddison, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Sadao Entomology Division, Department of Takagi, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Scientific and Industrial Research, Japan; Charles Chia-chu Tao, Taiwan Auckland, New Zealand; Daniele Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Matile-Ferrero, Museum National Republic of China; Hamlin H. Tippins, d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; University of Georgia, Experiment, GA, Douglass R. Miller, U.S. Department of U.S.A.; Douglas J. Williams, Commonwealth Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A.; Institute of Entomology, London, England; Steve Nakahara, U.S. Department of and J. Zahradnik, Karlovy University, Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A.; Prague, Czechoslovakia. My thanks and W. Nijveldt, Instituut voor sincere appreciation are extended to all Plantenziektenkundig Onderzoek, my colleagues for their kind and willing Wageningen, Holland; Gerhard L. Prinsloo, cooperation. Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa; Mary H. Rhoades, Last but not least my thanks are due Department of Entomology, Virginia Bill F. Ravlin, Boris C. Kondratieff, and Polytechnic Institute and State John Deighan of the Department of University, Blacksburg, VA, U.S.A.; Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Claude Richard, Museum National Institute and State University, d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; Blacksburg, VA, U.S.A., for their G. Schmitz, Musée Royal de l'Afrique valuable guidance in the use of the word Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium; Robert 0. processor. iv CONTENTS Materials and methods 1 Odonaspis benardi Balachowsky 38 Tribe Odonaspidini Ferris 4 Odonaspis bromeliae, n. sp. 39 Literature review 5 Odonaspis floridana^ n. sp. 40 Morphology and terminology 9 Odonaspis galapagoensisy n. sp. 41 Diagnosis of tribe 13 Odonaspis graminis Bremner 42 Key to genera of Odonaspidini 14 Odonaspis greeni (Cockerell) 42 Berlesaspidiotus MacGillivray 15 Odonaspis lingnani Ferris 44 Recognition characters 15 Odonaspis
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