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Pancreatic Islet Transplantation: Toward Definitive Treatment for Diabetes Mellitus

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Pancreatic Islet Transplantation: Toward Definitive Treatment for Diabetes Mellitus Print ISSN: 2434-9186 Online ISSN: 2434-9194 Global Health & Medicine Volume 2, Number 4 August, 2020 FDG-PET/CT imaging of lung lesion in COVID-19. PAGE 223 www.globalhealthmedicine.com Print ISSN: 2434-9186 Online ISSN: 2434-9194 Issues/Year: 6 Language: English Global Health & Medicine Global Health & Medicine Global Health & Medicine (Print ISSN 2434-9186, Online ISSN 2434-9194) is an international, open-access, peer-reviewed journal, published by the National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), which is a national research and development agency in Japan that covers advanced general medicine, basic science, clinical science, and international medical collaboration. 1. Mission and Scope Global Health & Medicine is dedicated to publishing high-quality original research that contributes to advancing global health and medicine, with the goal of creating a global information network for global health, basic science as well as clinical science oriented for clinical application. The articles cover the fields of global health, public health, and health care delivery as well as the seminal and latest research on the intersection of biomedical science and clinical practice in order to encourage cooperation and exchange among scientists and healthcare professionals in the world. 2. Manuscript Types Global Health & Medicine publishes Original Articles, Brief Reports, Reviews, Policy Forum articles, Communications, Editorials, Letters, and News on all aspects of the field of global health and medicine. 3. Editorial Policies Global Health & Medicine will perform an especially prompt review to encourage submissions of innovative work. All original research manuscripts are to be subjected to an expeditious but rigorous standard of peer review, and are to be edited by experienced copy editors to the highest standards. We aspire to identify, attract, and publish original research that supports advances of knowledge in critical areas of global health and medicine. Editor-in-Chief Co-Editor-in-Chief Hiroaki Mitsuya, M.D., Ph.D. Norihiro Kokudo, M.D., Ph.D. Director of Research Institute, President, National Center for Global Health and Medicine; National Center for Global Health and Medicine; Head of Experimental Retrovirology Section, Professor Emeritus, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH. The University of Tokyo. Editorial and Head Office: Members, the Board of Directors Global Health & Medicine Norihiro Kokudo, M.D., Ph.D. National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Hiroaki Mitsuya, M.D., Ph.D. 1-21-1 Toyama Shinjuku-ku, Takashi Karako, M.D., Ph.D. Tokyo 162-8655, Japan Akira Harita, M.D. URL: www.globalhealthmedicine.com Yukio Hiroi, M.D., Ph.D. E-mail: [email protected] Peipei Song, M.P.H., Ph.D. i Print ISSN: 2434-9186 Online ISSN: 2434-9194 Issues/Year: 6 Language: English Global Health & Medicine Associate Editors Hidechika Akashi Arun K. Ghosh Takashi Karako Haruhito Sugiyama Tokyo West Lafayette, IN Tokyo Tokyo Eddy Arnold Hiroyasu Iso Stefan G. Sarafianos Kojiro Ueki Piscataway, NJ Tokyo Atlanta, GA Tokyo Eric John Brunner Tatsuya Kanto Robert W. Shafer Robert Yarchoan London Tokyo Stanford, CA Bethesda, MD Office Director & Executive Editor Peipei Song Tokyo Editorial Board Charles Boucher Yukio Hiroi Hiroaki Miyata Catherine Sia Cheng Teh Rotterdam Tokyo Tokyo Quezon City Gilbert M. Burnham Manami Inoue Atsuko Murashima Guido Torzilli Baltimore, MD Tokyo Tokyo Milan Tsogtbaatar Byambaa Yasushi Katsuma Keiko Nakamura Tamami Umeda Ulaanbaatar Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Li-Tzong Chen Masayo Kojima Hiromi Obara Jean-Nicolas Vauthey Tainan Aichi Tokyo Houston, TX Tan To Cheung Yoshihiro Kokubo Norio Ohmagari Rui-Hua Xu Hong Kong Osaka Tokyo Guangzhou Debananda Das Ladislau Kovari Shinichi Oka Yasuhide Yamada Bethesda, MD Detroit, MI Tokyo Tokyo David A. Davis Akio Kimura Mieko Ozawa Takumi Yamamoto Bethesda, MD Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Takashi Fukuda Haruki Kume Kiat Ruxrungtham Hidekatsu Yanai Saitama Tokyo Bangkok Chiba Nermin Halkic Hong-Zhou Lu Jonathan M. Schapiro Hideaki Yano Lausanne Shanghai Tel Aviv Southampton Kiyoshi Hasegawa Yutaka Maruoka Nobuyuki Takemura Joseph M. Ziegelbauer Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Bethesda, MD Yumi Mitsuya Nanako Tamiya Oakland, CA Tsukuba Advisory Board Akira Harita Kohei Miyazono Yasuhide Nakamura Takao Shimizu Tokyo Tokyo Kobe Tokyo Hajime Inoue Masashi Mizokami Hiroki Nakatani Katsushi Tokunaga Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Masato Kasuga Tokyo (As of August 2020) ii CONTENTS Volume 2, Number 4, 2020 Review 200-211 Pancreatic islet transplantation: toward definitive treatment for diabetes mellitus. Tadashi Takaki, Masayuki Shimoda 212-220 Is single acupoint Sanyinjiao (SP 6) effective in managing insomnia? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Zhi-Jie Wang, Yu Zhang, Wei Guo, Li-Xing Zhuang, Xiao Gao, Merlin L Willcox, Xiao-Yang Hu 221-226 FDG-PET/CT images of COVID-19: a comprehensive review. Ryogo Minamimoto, Masatoshi Hotta, Masahiro Ishikane, Takeshi Inagaki 227-234 Lymphedema secondary to melanoma treatments: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatments. Azuelos Arié, Takumi Yamamoto Original Article 235-239 Identifying medical professionals at risk for in-hospital COVID-19 infection: a snapshot during a "tsunami" highlighting unexpected risks. Guido Torzilli, Simone Famularo, Elena Azzolini, Edoardo Vespa, Ana Lleo, Alessio Aghemo, Michele Lagioia, Carlo Castoro 240-246 Impact of sex and histology on the therapeutic effects of fluoropyrimidines and oxaliplatin plus bevacizumab for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in the SOFT trial. Yasuhide Yamada, Kei Muro, Keiichi Takahashi, Hideo Baba, Yoshito Komatsu, Taroh Satoh, Masahiro Goto, Hideyuki Mishima, Masahiko Watanabe, Yuh Sakata, Satoshi Morita, Yasuhiro Shimada, Naruhito Takenaka, Tadashi Hirooka, Kenichi Sugihara Brief Report 247-254 Assessing the feasibility of introducing an electronic health information system into Tuberculosis clinics and laboratories in Myanmar. Kazuki Miyazaki, Ikuma Nozaki, Bumpei Tojo, Kazuhiko Moji Communication 255-258 Screening for dental focal infections in febrile patients with hematologic malignancies who received chemotherapy: a retrospective cohort study. Yasuyuki Shimada, Yohei Kawasaki, Ryo Nasu, Fumihiko Nakamura, Yutaka Maruoka 259-262 Metoclopramide versus sumatriptan in the treatment of migraine in the emergency department: a single-center, open-label, clusterrandomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Yumi Funato, Akio Kimura, Wataru Matsuda, Tatsuki Uemura, Kentaro Fukano, Kentaro Kobayashi, Ryo Sasaki iii CONTENTS (Continued ) Letter 263-264 Nerve vascularity in free vascularized nerve flaps. Toko Miyazaki, Reiko Tsukuura, Takumi Yamamoto, Bassem W Daniel Cover Figure of this issue FDG-PET/CT imaging of lung lesion in COVID-19. (PAGE 223) iv Global Health & Medicine. 2020; 2(4):200-211. Global Health & Medicine. 2020; 2(4):200-211. Review DOI: 10.35772/ghm.2020.01057 Pancreatic islet transplantation: toward definitive treatment for diabetes mellitus Tadashi Takaki1,2,3, Masayuki Shimoda1,* 1 Department of Pancreatic Islet Cell Transplantation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; 2 Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; 3 Takeda-CiRA Joint Program for iPS Cell Applications (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan. Abstract: Since the late 20th century, advances in pancreatic islet transplantation have targeted improved glycemic control and fewer hypoglycemic events in patients with type 1 diabetes, and some important milestones have been reached. Following the Edmonton group's success in achieving insulin independence in all transplanted patients with type 1 diabetes, clinical islet transplantation is now performed worldwide. β cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes was established based on the favorable outcomes of a phase 3, prospective, open-label, single-arm, clinical study conducted at 8 centers in North America, in which 42 of 48 patients who underwent islet transplantation from 2008 to 2011 achieved HbA1c < 7.0% (53 mmol/mol) at day 365, which was maintained at 2 years in 34 patients. In Japan, a phase 2 multicenter clinical trial of islet transplantation for type 1 diabetes patients is currently ongoing and will end soon, but the interim results have already led to positive changes, with allogeneic islet transplantation being covered by the national health insurance system since April 2020. Current efforts are being made to solve the problem of donor shortage by studying alternative donor sources, such as porcine islets and pancreatic progenitor cells derived from pluripotent stem cells. The results of clinical trials in this area are eagerly awaited. It is hoped that they will contribute to establishing alternative sources for insulin-producing β cells in the near future. Keywords: type 1 diabetes, pancreas preservation, islet isolation, islet purification, instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction, immunosuppression Introduction that it can be difficult to adequately control rejection, inflammatory and autoimmune responses. Whole pancreas transplantation has been performed After methods were developed to isolate human since 1966 to facilitate endogenous insulin secretion pancreatic islets (8), in 1990 Scharp et al. reported insulin and effectively manage blood glucose, but the mortality independence in a type 1 diabetes patient following rate after 5 years still exceeds 10% (1). Pancreatic islet allogeneic islet transplantation
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