Signed Project Document GEF-LDCFII Afforestation An
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Brief Description Coastal greenbelts have long been seen as an important strategy for reducing the vulnerability of coastal populations to climate-related hazards in Bangladesh and the country has over five decades experience of coastal afforestation and reforestation. Over 140,000 ha of mangroves have been planted along the coast since the 1960s. However, the success of afforestation and reforestation efforts has been highly variable due to a range of institutional, technical and socio- economic factors that have affected their long-term sustainability. A number of barriers currently prevent the realisation of the full adaptive potential of coastal greenbelts, including an underlying incentive structure that drives people to exploit and degrade coastal forests rather than preserve them. LDCF support will be used to help the Government of Bangladesh overcome these barriers through a suite of complementary measures to achieve the project’s objective of reducing the vulnerability of communities to the adverse impacts of climate change in the coastal zone through participative design, community-based management and diversification of afforestation and reforestation programmes. The project has been designed to complement a major new programme on coastal afforestation and reforestation funded by the Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF). Project Component 1 addresses existing barriers relating to lack of livelihood diversification and lack of coastal forest diversification, both of which adversely impact coastal forest sustainability. Thus Component 1 seeks to reduce the vulnerability of local communities in new afforestation and reforestation sites through livelihood diversification more effective greenbelts, by a) linking livelihood diversification interventions to improved coastal forest stewardship and b) diversifying coastal plantations to increase their ecological and social sustainability by, respectively becoming more heterogenous and dense and by increasing the range of tangible benefits the forests can provide. Component 2 seeks to strengthen community engagement and ownership of forestry-based adaptation and climate risk reduction programmes by developing and demonstrating effective co-management and benefit-sharing for coastal greenbelt plantations. Finally, while mangrove greenbelts are a vitally important adaptation measure for coastal areas, there will always remain a need for complementary measures to further protect human lives and livelihoods assets in the face of extreme climate events. In recognition of this, the third Project Component focuses on protecting communal livelihood assets in afforestation and reforestation sites from extreme climate events through effective early warning and preparedness planning. Altogether, over 60,000 vulnerable people will benefit from a range of LDCF-supported interventions. Capacity development of local communities and key government actors is central to the project approach and will enhance the long-term sustainability of project impacts. Furthermore, the project will leverage strategic partnerships with the BCCRF project, USAID’s Climate Resilient Ecosystems and Livelihoods project (CREL) and the GoB’s Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme, also supported by UNDP, to promote scale up and replication of successful strategies. Integrating Community-based Adaptation into Afforestation and Reforestation Programmes in Bangladesh Page 2 Table of Contents I Situation Analysis .................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Brief country overview ................................................................................................... 9 1.2 The climate change induced problem ...........................................................................12 1.3 Coastal afforestation & reforestation on newly accreted Char lands .............................13 1.4 Root causes of climate change vulnerability in the coastal zone ...................................18 1.5 Long-term solution and barriers to achieving the solution .............................................24 1.5.1 Limited level of livelihood diversification in coastal areas that drives communities to encroach and exploit coastal greenbelts ............................................................................25 1.5.2 Lack of coastal greenbelt species diversification ....................................................26 1.5.3 Limited local participation in coastal greenbelt management and insufficient incentives for communities to ensure their long-term maintenance ....................................27 1.5.4 Weak inter-sectoral coordination on coastal greenbelts .........................................28 1.6 Stakeholder baseline analysis.......................................................................................33 II Strategy ................................................................................................................. 44 2.1 Project rationale & policy conformity .............................................................................44 2.2 Country ownership: country eligibility and country drivenness......................................46 2.3 Design principles and strategic considerations .............................................................48 2.3.1 Building on the first LDCF Project ..........................................................................48 2.3.2 Emerging large-scale coastal afforestation and reforestation programmes ...............49 2.3.3 Co-Management of Coastal Forest Resources .........................................................50 2.3.4 Gender considerations ..........................................................................................51 2.3.5 UNDP comparative advantage ............................................................................52 2.3.5 Expected benefits .................................................................................................53 2.3.6 Avoiding duplications with major development / adaptation initiatives .......................54 • Golachipa, Hatiya, Pathargata and Rangabali for climate-proofing of water infrastructure .....................................................................................................................55 • Char Fasson, Hatiya, Monpura for improving drainage along the embankments ..........55 2.4 Project Objective, Outcomes and Outputs & Proposed Activities ..................................55 2.5 Key indicators, risks and assumptions ..........................................................................81 2.6 Cost-effectiveness ........................................................................................................82 2.7 Sustainability ................................................................................................................83 2.8 Replicability ..................................................................................................................85 2.9 Stakeholder involvement plan .......................................................................................86 2.10 Compliance with UNDP and GEF environmental and social safeguards .......................86 III Project Results Framework................................................................................. 89 IV Total budget and workplan ................................................................................. 95 V Management Arrangements .............................................................................. 104 5.1 Project executive and implementing partner (GoB): .......................................................104 Integrating Community-based Adaptation into Afforestation and Reforestation Programmes in Bangladesh Page 3 5.2 Project Organogram, Management Structure and Responsibilities ................................104 5.3 Audit arrangements .......................................................................................................108 5.4 UNDP support services .................................................................................................108 5.5 Intellectual property rights .............................................................................................. 109 VI 6. Monitoring Framework and Evaluation .................................................. 11010 6.1 Project start and implementation ..............................................................................110 10 6.2 Mid-term of project cycle ............................................................................................... 111 6.3 End of Project ............................................................................................................... 111 6.4 M&E workplan and budget ............................................................................................ 113 VII 7. Legal Context ............................................................................................ 1155 8. Annexes .......................................................................................................................115 Integrating Community-based Adaptation into Afforestation and Reforestation Programmes in Bangladesh Page 4 List of Annexes Annex 1 Climate Risk Profile Annex 2 Summary of PPG Stakeholder Consultations Annex 3 Stakeholder Involvement Plan Annex 4 Beneficiary Selection Criteria for Alternative Livelihood Strategies Annex 5 Project Target Areas Annex 6 The Forest Protected Area Co-Management