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Wesleyan Theological Journal Publication of the Wesleyan Theological Society SOLA SCRIPTURA and the WESLEYAN QUADRILATERAL

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Wesleyan Theological Journal Publication of the Wesleyan Theological Society SOLA SCRIPTURA and the WESLEYAN QUADRILATERAL Wesleyan Theological Journal Publication of the Wesleyan Theological Society SOLA SCRIPTURA AND THE WESLEYAN QUADRILATERAL ... 7 Don Thorsen JOHN CALVIN’S FIVE-POINT MISUNDERSTANDING OF ROMANS 9: AN INTERTEXTUAL ANALYSIS.......................... 28 Charles Edward White A CATHOLIC-ORTHODOX-WESLEYAN EXPLORATION OF SACRAMENT AND ECCLESIOLOGY ...................................... 51 Eric Manchester JOHN WESLEY AND THE “SERVANT OF GOD”.......................... 72 Laura Bartels Felleman THE VIA NEGATIVA IN THE LIFE AND WRITING OF PHOEBE PALMER .................................................................... 87 Elaine A. Heath THE RISE OF WOMEN MINISTERS IN THE NINETEENTH- CENTURY MENNONITE BRETHREN IN CHRIST CHURCH...........112 David Swartz THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONALISM ON THE THEOLOGY AND EDUCATION OF H. ORTON WILEY.......................................142 James Matthew Price THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF WESLEY’S DOCTRINE OF THE SPIRIT ............................................................161 Winfield H. Blevins SOME RECENT TRENDS IN WESLEY SCHOLARSHIP................182 Henry D. Rack THE REDEMPTION AND SANCTIFICATION OF HUMAN GENDER AND SEXUALITY: A CONSTRUCTIVE WESLEYAN PROPOSAL ...............................200 Heather Ann Ackley ICON OF THE HOLY TRINITY: A SPIRIT-CHRISTOLOGY AS NECESSARY PROLEGOMENA OF ECCLESIOLOGY ............227 K. Steve McCormick A WESLEYAN NEEDLE IN A CINEMATIC HAYSTACK: SEEKING SANCTIFICATION IN CONTEMPORARY FILMS..........242 Thomas E. Phillips BOOK REVIEWS AND ADVERTISING ...........................................252 Volume 41, Number 2 Fall, 2006 The Journal of the WESLEYAN THEOLOGICAL SOCIETY A Fellowship of Wesleyan-Holiness Scholars Editor and Chair of the Editorial Committee: Barry L. Callen, 1993 to present All communications concerning editorial matters should be addressed to the Editor, Barry L. Callen, c/o Anderson Univer- sity, 1100 East 5th Street, Anderson, Indiana 46012. Commu- nication about book reviews is to be directed to the Book Review Editor, Richard Thompson, c/o Spring Arbor Univer- sity. Membership dues and other financial matters should be addressed to the Secretary-Treasurer, Samuel M. Powell, c/o Wesleyan Theological Society, 3900 Lomaland Dr., San Diego, CA 92106. Rate and application form are found at the end of this issue. E-mail addresses for all officers of the Soci- ety are also found on the inside of the back cover. Publication Address: Wesleyan Theological Society, 3900 Lomaland Dr., San Diego, CA 92106. Society Web Address: www.wesley.nnu.edu/wts WESLEYAN THEOLOGICAL SOCIETY (Organized 1965) The Society’s mission is to encourage the exchange of ideas among Wesleyan-Holiness theologians; to develop a source of papers for CHP (Christian Holiness Partnership) seminars; to stimulate scholarship among younger theologians and pastors; and to publish a scholarly journal. WESLEYAN THEOLOGICAL JOURNAL ############# Published by the Wesleyan Theological Society 3900 Lomaland Drive San Diego, CA 92106 © Copyright 2006 by the Wesleyan Theological Society ISSN-0092-4245 This periodical is indexed in the ATLA Religion Database, published by the American Theological Library Association, 300 S. Wacker Dr., Chicago, IL 60606. E-mail: [email protected], or visit http://www.atla.com/. Available on-line through BRS (Bibliographic Retrieval Series), Latham, New York, and DIA- LOG, Palo Alto, California. Available in Microform from University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeek Road, Dept. I.R., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106. Other than the most recent issues, the journal is available electronically at this online address: http://wesley.nnc.edu WTS on the Web: www.wesley.nnu.edu/wts Views expressed by writers are not necessarily those of the Wesleyan Theological Society, the Editor, or the Editorial Committee. Printed by Old Paths Tract Society Shoals, Indiana 47581 CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS NUMBER ARTICLE WRITERS: Heather Ann Ackley Azusa Pacific University Winfield H. Bevins Lee University Laura Bartels Felleman Cazenovia College Elaine A. Heath Perkins School of Theology K. Steve McCormick Nazarene Theological Seminary Eric Manchester Caldwell College (N. J.) Thomas E. Phillips Point Loma Nazarene University James Matthews Price Institut Biblique Nazareen, Benin Henry D. Rack University of Manchester, England David Swartz University of Notre Dame Donald Thorsen Azusa Pacific University Charles Edward White Spring Arbor University BOOK REVIEWERS: R. Keelan Downton National Council of Churches, USA Thomas E. Phillip Point Loma Nazarene University R. David Rightmire Asbury College EDITOR’S NOTES The contributors to this issue range widely in their academic special- izations and subject concerns. Two share a particularly biblical focus. Don Thorsen reviews the key Protestant doctrine of “sola scriptura.” He concludes that maintaining the primacy of Scripture is crucial, although there is a more complex dynamic of relevant authorities than the way this phrase is frequently employed. Charles White looks at Romans 9 and John Calvin’s misunderstanding of it, saying, God does not “save some and damn others willy-nilly.” Historically and theologically speaking, Eric Manchester explores the Catholic-Orthodox-Wesleyan connection in order to gain an increased apostolic and sacramental understanding of holiness and the church. Laura Felleman looks at the “Servant of God” and Winfield Bevins the doctrine of the Spirit in the work of John Wesley. Elaine Heath explores the via negativa in Phoebe Palmer (reclaiming her as one of the great Christian mystics), David Swartz the rise of women ministers in the nine- teenth-century Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church, and James Price the influence of personalism on H. Orton Wiley. In terms of constructive Wesleyan proposals for the current church scene, Henry Rack surveys recent trends in Wesley scholarship, Heather Ackley focuses on human gender and sexuality, Steve McCormick sug- gests a Spirit-Christology for ecclesiology, and Thomas Phillips takes a fresh look at sanctification through the lens of contemporary films. Observes Rack: “One of the happiest developments in Methodist scholar- ship in recent decades has been the advent of historians who have bridged the gap between historians at home with the eighteenth century and those at home with Methodism.” Observes Phillips regarding the film The Big Kahuna (1999): “Finally, here is a Wesleyan critique of the church, a cri- tique that chastises the church for replacing genuine love with manipula- tion, for failing to participate in the broken heartedness of God, and for reducing the gospel to a mere ‘pitch.’” It is hoped that important material is always available in this Journal, whether one’s particular interest is biblical, theological, histori- cal, or in the arenas of personal application or current philosophical and social relevance of Christian truth—particularly as informed by the Wes- leyan/Holiness traditions. Barry L. Callen Anderson, Indiana — 5— SOLA SCRIPTURA AND THE WESLEYAN QUADRILATERAL by Don Thorsen The Protestant Reformation principle of sola scriptura (Scripture alone) and the Wesleyan quadrilateral are complementary rather than con- tradictory principles of religious authority. Usually the two are seen in opposition rather than complementary. For a variety of reasons, it is easier to contrast sola scriptura and the Wesleyan quadrilateral than to compare them. After all, sola scriptura represents one of the key principles of the Protestant Reformation, which championed Scripture in contrast to the tradition and magisterial authority of the Roman Catholic Church. Dra- matic conflict arose between such reformers as Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingli, and John Calvin and the Roman Catholic Church over a number of issues, including that of religious authority. The reformers believed that Scripture represented the sole authority on which they could reliably base their beliefs, values, and practices and on which they needed to resist the magisterial authority of the church. Sola scriptura and debate over the proper nature of religious authority became a decisive issue of religious debate, schism, and eventually war in continental Europe. John Wesley lived two centuries after the Protestant Reformation. The religious wars between Protestant reformers and Roman Catholics in Continental Europe had ended. However, the issue of religious authority still caused religious debate in light of the emergent Enlightenment prin- ciples of Western Europe. Wesley inherited a distinctive approach to reli- gious authority from the Anglican tradition (Church of England). Angli- can leaders promoted reason as the via media (“middle way”) between the — 7— THORSEN primacy of scriptural authority, reflective of Continental Protestantism, and church tradition, reflective of Roman Catholicism.1 Wesley affirmed Scripture, tradition, and reason as religious authorities. To them he added experience as a religious authority to which he appealed in matters of Christian belief, value, and practice. Wesley did not intend to do anything innovative in terms of theolog- ical method; he affirmed historic, biblical Christianity. However, he saw no contradiction in appealing to experience along with church tradition and critical thinking as genuine, albeit secondary religious authorities. In so doing, Wesley made a decisive contribution to Christian understanding and praxis, applying experience methodologically in his ministry as well as in his theology and writings. The dynamic interplay between Scripture, tradition,
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