Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January - March 2020

Quarterly Journal of The All India Glass Manufacturers’ Federation Bi-lingual

Special Feature

• Glass News

• Absorption, Reflection and Birefringence in Glasses PREFERRED INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL

• Reputation Built on AIGMF online library of Performance Glass Worldwide articles • Customer Focus Drives Over 60 articles covering the activities of The All India Glass Manufacturers’ Federation and Positive Results for Indian member companies are available for FREE download from the AIGMF website, including: Glassmaker Indian market reports: architectural processed glass, container glass, float glass, optical fibre, pharmaceutical, raw materials, refractories, specialty glass and tableware. • Emerging Trends in Exclusive interviews with figureheads from:AGI glaspac, Adarsh Kanch Udyog, Asahi India Glass (AIS), Borosil, Ceracon, Empire Industries-Vitrum Glass, Gerresheimer, Gold Plus Glass Industry, HNG, La Opala, Container Glass Packaging Mascot, Piramal Group, Pragati Glass, Saint-Gobain India, SGD Pharma India and many more! for the Food and Beverage Industry

• Colour Centres or Solarization and Colour due to Suspended Particles in Glasses

• On the Spot… Rajesh K Khosla Visit the AIGMF online library • Glass Production and of Glass Worldwide articles at Sustainability www.aigmf.com • Heye Ranger 2 – Camera Check Detection at its Best

Upcoming Events

• AIGMF Executive Committee Meeting (April 20, 2020) via Video- For weekly news update and highlights of the latest issue Conference of Glass Worldwide, visit www.glassworldwide.co.uk

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President RAJ KUMAR MITTAL Sr. Vice President BHARAT SOMANY Vice President SANJAY AGARWAL Hon. General Secretary KAILASH CHANDRA JAIN Hon. Treasurer HARGUN C. BHAMBANI Member Editorial Board K ANNAPURNA Quarterly Journal of THE ALL INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ FEDERATION Senior Principal Scientist, Glass Division, CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI), Kolkata Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 A K BANDYOPADHYAY Former Principal, Govt. College of Engineering & Ceramic Technology-GCECT, Kolkata DEVENDRA KUMAR Prof. & HOD, Dept. of Ceramic, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) K K SHARMA President, NIGMA and Vice President, HNG Neemrana, Rajasthan

ZONAL ASSOCIATIONS EASTERN INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION (EIGMA) Contents c/o La Opala RG Ltd. Chitrakoot, 10th Floor, 230 A A.J.C. Bose Road Kolkata - 700 020 From President's Desk 5 President - S K Jhunjhunwala NORTHERN INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION (NIGMA) c/o Hindustan National Glass & Industries Ltd. Glass News 7 Post Office - Bahadurgarh, Jhajjar, Haryana-124 507 President - K K Sharma Vice President - Jimmy Tyagi New Members 15 Honorary General Secretary - N N Goyal Secretary & Treasurer - Ankit Bhatnagar SOUTH INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION (SIGMA) Membership of the Federation 15 c/o AGI glaspac (HSIL's Packaging Products Division) Glass Factory Road, Off. Motinagar PB No. 1930, Sanathnagar, PO Hyderabad -500 018 Absorption, Reflection and Birefringence in Glasses 16 President - Sandip Somany UTTAR PRADESH GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ SYNDICATE (UPGMS) c/o General Traders About The AIGMF 19 A-10, Industrial Estate, Firozabad – 283203 (UP) President - Raj Kumar Mittal Vice President - Sanjay Agarwal Reputation Built on Performance 20 Vice President - Uma Shankar Agarwal Hony. Secretary - Parag Gupta Treasurer - Deepak Gupta List of Advertisers 20 Jt. Secretary - Ritesh Mittal WESTERN INDIA GLASS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION (WIGMA) c/o Empire Industries Ltd.- Vitrum Glass Customer Focus Drives Positive Results for Indian Glassmaker 24 Empire House, 2nd Floor, 414 S.B. Marg Lower Parel, Mumbai - 400 013 Emerging Trends in Container Glass Packaging for the Food and President - G K Sarda 28 Honorary Secretary - Ashok Jain Beverage Industry Quarterly Journal of Glass Industry, published and printed by Vinit Kapur on behalf of The All India Glass Manufacturers’ Federation Colour Centres or Solarization and Colour due to Suspended from 812, New Delhi House, 27 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi – 110001 32 and printed at New United Process, A-26, Ph-II, Naraina Indl. Area, Particles in Glasses New Delhi-110028 T:+91 11 2331 6507 E: [email protected] On the Spot… Rajesh K Khosla 36 Editor MOHAN LALVANI Complimentary copy for Members / Government Departments / NGO's and those connected with Glass Industry Glass Production and Sustainability 40 Others: Price (excluding bank charges): Indian Companies : ` 125 per copy Heye Ranger 2 – Camera Check Detection at its Best 42 Annual Subscription ` 450 Foreign Companies : US$ 25 per copy Annual Subscription US$ 80 Advertise in Kanch 43

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Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 3 Borosil Renewables Limited

4 Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 www.aigmf.com

From President’s Desk

Due to the current developments regarding COVID-19, AIGMF Executive Committee Meeting slated for March 21 at The Taj, Jaipur was postponed to April 20. The meeting would now be held over the video-conference facility as the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has allowed companies to use video meets, other audio-visual means. I request all members to join the Executive Committee for which meeting link would be sent in due course by the Secretariat. Inputs were invited from the Member companies on the anticipated disruption (owing to COVID-19 outbreak) in Products, Production, Sales, Essential Raw Materials/Intermediate Goods required to be imported for Production, Exports or Any other Issues like GST/Direct or Indirect Taxes etc. A detailed industry representation was submitted to various Ministries of GoI and Trade Chambers covering present industry position due to Coronavirus (COVID-19); problems being faced by the Industry; problems anticipated in the future and support sought from the Government. Virtual meetings were held with CII, DPIIT and we aim to work more closely to seek concessions for the Industry in these trying times. The nation-wide lockdown, announced on March 24, to contain the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted glass production significantly and only essential packaging related glass production are currently being carried out by glass manufacturers i.e., producing vials/glass bottles of different sizes required by Pharma, Food and Beverage Industries. Most of the units are either closed; operational in the reduced capacity or in a recycling mode as Glass manufacturing facilities utilize high-temperature furnaces that must run continuously, 24 hours a day. They cannot be turned off or easily idled and when shut down, and can take months to restart, highlighting the need for its supply chain to be fully functioning and operational. To safeguard employees, contract staff and others, manufacturing units have driven various awareness programmes through banners, leaflets, workshops, etc., to bring in safety as the utmost priority for the workers. I am happy to report that AIGMF Secretariat is working remotely round-the-clock in the present lockdown situation; coordinating with various stakeholders on daily basis over tele/video conferences; preparing representations wrt urgent nationwide operational permission for glass industry to operate as required by the user industries under essential category; ensuring Requisite Logistics Clearances for Availability of Raw Materials and Fuel to Industry and for downstream supply of essential products to customers; obtaining clear orders to enable key personnel to be able to come to work. I am hopeful that this situation will be over in the next few months and wish good health to all members and their families 

(Raj Kumar Mittal) President AIGMF President U.P. Glass Manufacturers' Syndicate (UPGMS) and Managing Director– Mittal Group of Glass Industries, Firozabad

Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 5 Domestic Clients: International Clients:

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GLASS News

PHILIPPE BASTIEN IS THE European authorities on creating the North American glass container NEW CHAIRMAN OF GLASS conditions for a rebound in activity in industry, was named President of the FOR EUROPE the glass and glazing sector once the Glass Recycling Foundation’s (GRF) health crisis is over. It will require a Executive Board. The Glass Recycling massive macro-economic stimulus, Foundation, a non-profit organization, which should be in line with Europe’s provides and raises funds for climate ambitions and the need to localized and targeted assistance, launch a ‘building renovation wave. demonstration, and pilot projects that address gaps in the glass recycling In January 2020, Glass for Europe supply chain across the United States. released its 2050 vision on Flat glass in Climate-Neutral Europe. This GRF’s vision is to increase recycling comprehensive work, which offers a through sustainability education pathway for the sector to maximize and best practices to ensure the maximum benefit for communities contributions to climate neutrality, is and the environment. more than ever topical. “An efficient post-crisis stimulus package will be “I am honoured to serve as President After joining AGC Glass Europe, required to support the flat glass sector of GRF’s Executive Board,” said Mr. formerly Glaverbel, in 1992, Mr. and it must be climate-compatible: a DeFife. “I am grateful for the time and Philippe Bastien has covered several massive renovation of ageing buildings talent that Ms. Lynn Bragg contributed managerial positions from financial with high-efficiency glazing, support for to the Board and thank her for her control to general management, clean mobility transition and increase years of leadership. I look forward to through to marketing, business in the share of solar energy” said Mr. continuing her work and driving forward development and R&D. AGC Glass Bastien. GRF’s mission to promote and preserve Europe produces, processes and glass recycling across America. GPI distributes flat glass for the building, GPI PRESIDENT SCOTT DEFIFE and GRF already work closely together automotive and numerous other TO LEAD GRF’s EXECUTIVE to address gaps in the glass recycling sectors such as transport, solar power BOARD supply chain and increase glass recycling and high-tech applications. It has over access through education and industry 100 sites throughout Europe, from collaboration. I am eager to continue Spain to Russia, and employs around building upon this important work.” 16,500 employees. Mr. DeFife takes the helm as Board “I am honoured to take on this President just as GRF has received Chairmanship role and I realise the foundation’s first $50,000 to its endowment. Owens-Illinois (O-I) responsibilities that now fall upon me Charities Foundation and Diageo in these difficult times. With the spread North America each donated $25,000 of COVID-19, the flat glass industry is to support the GRF through pilot reacting quickly to ensure the health projects leveraging best practices to of all its workers, while we must improve glass recycling. safeguard the integrity of our industrial operations.” said Mr. Bastien. Mr. Scott DeFife, President of the CONTAINER GLASS TO REDUCE CO BY 50% For the weeks and months to come, Glass Packaging Institute (GPI), the 2 Glass for Europe will engage with trade association representing the The ‘Furnace of the Future’ is

Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 7 a fundamental milestone in the of manufacturing”, states Mr. resulting in a consolidated net profit industry’s decarbonisation journey Martin Petersson, CEO of Ardagh of EUR 206 million. Business with towards climate-neutral glass Group, Glass Europe. “We aim to special glass tubing for pharmaceutical packaging. It will be the first large- demonstrate the viability of electric packaging and the ampoules, vials, scale hybrid oxy-fuel furnace to run melting on a commercial scale, which syringes and cartridges produced on 80% renewable electricity in the would revolutionise the consumer glass from it, contributed substantially to world. It will replace current fossil- packaging market”. the successful year. fuel energy sources and cut CO 2 Bringing the ‘Furnace of the Future’ to Investments in property, plant and emissions by 50%. life is an extremely ambitious project equipment amounted to EUR 257 For the very first time, the industry requiring significant financial and million in the fiscal year, an increase has adopted a collaborative approach human resources and a wide range of of 38% over the previous year. where 20 glass container producers expertise. For this reason, the industry Internationally, the largest investments have mobilised resources to work on has committed to work together. in the fiscal year went to sites in India and fund a pilot project to prove the By adopting a sectoral approach, it and China. More than EUR 21 million concept. also intends to gain the support of (INR 165 crores) was invested into “We are extremely proud to announce the European Commission through a new tank facility at the Gujarat this joint-industry project”, comments the ETS Finance for Innovation manufacturing plant, which supplies Mr. Michel Giannuzzi, President of Fund Programme. Despite its key the supreme quality FIOLAX® glass FEVE. “The hybrid technology is a step- importance, this project is not the only tubing for pharmaceutical packaging. one the industry is working on. Other change in the way we produce and will At the presentation of the annual pathways towards clean production enable us to significantly reduce the results, CFO Dr. Jens Schulte pointed technologies and climate-neutral glass carbon footprint of glass packaging out that the equity ratio had remained packaging are already implemented production. The move marks an at a solid level of 32%. “The company and others are also being explored. important milestone for the glass sector is thus in a strong financial position and in implementing our decarbonisation SCHOTT INCREASES SALES IN has sufficient scope to achieve organic strategy”. INDIA AND PLANS RECORD growth as well as make acquisitions,” The industry already works with INVESTMENTS he noted. The global number of electric furnaces in several of its 150 SCHOTT AG has continued on its employees rose to 16,200. glass manufacturing plants across growth course in fiscal year 2018/19 Record investments in India are also a Europe, but they are small scale and (Oct 1, 2018 to Sep 30, 2019). Its key result of exceedingly positive sales in exclusively used to produce flint financial figures developed positively the Asian market. India alone saw sales (colourless) glass with virgin raw or remained at a solid level from of approximately INR 388.6 crores materials, therefore using very little previous year. (EUR 49.5 million) – an increase of or no recycled glass content. With “We are pleased with the past fiscal 18%. Key growth drivers for India this new technology, the industry will year. We were able to meet our were SCHOTT’s Tubing, Pharma- be able to produce more than 300 forecasts from last year and continued Packaging and Flat Glass for Cooking. tonnes per day of any glass colour, the positive business development of using high levels of recycled glass. Sharing his views on growth of the previous years despite the difficult tubing and pharma packaging segment, Ardagh Group – the second largest global economic situation,” emphasised Mr. Georg Sparschuh, President glass packaging manufacturer in the Dr. Frank Heinricht, Chairman of the SCHOTT Glass India, shared, “With world – has volunteered to build the Board of Management, at the Annual our Indian growth activities, we aim to furnace in Germany. It will be built Results Press Conference. further strengthen the local industry in 2022, with an assessment of first The international technology group and the government’s goal of making results planned for 2023. managed to increase its sales by India a global pharmaceutical hub. “With this new technology we 5.1% to around EUR 2.2 billion. We have committed to invest about are embarking on the journey to The operating result (EBIT), which EUR 51 million (INR 400 crores) in our climate-neutral glass packaging, and now stands at EUR 275 million, Gujarat manufacturing plant from 2018 ensuring the long-term sustainability also improved at a consistent rate, till this year, in order to further cater

8 Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 www.aigmf.com to the expanding domestic and Asian company. During this fiscal year, we will With single furnace, 180 tonnes/ markets.” set the course for this and consistently day, Jg Containers enjoys 50% share take the appropriate measures,” said In addition, SCHOTT also entered the of the local flint glass market, as Dr. Heinricht, Chairman of the Board Indian smartphone market last year. well as exporting 35% of output of Management. Its premium cover glass Xensation® to neighbouring ASEAN countries, Australia, Hong Kong, Mauritius, Up., was introduced in the country as MALAYSIAN GLASSMAKER part of the new range of vivo premium BENEFITS FROM HEYE and Middle East. To serve domestic smartphones. PRODUCTION EXPERTISE and international customers, the manufacturing facility is conveniently After getting off to a good start in Advanced hot and cold end situated close to Malaysia’s major the first three months of its new technologies from Germany’s trunk roads network, as well as Port fiscal year, SCHOTT expects sales to Heye International are helping Jg Klang. increase by between 3% and 6% for Containers (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd to the year as a whole. The technology maximise glass container production Quality management systems have group expects impetus to come, yields at the customer’s Klang been implemented in accordance with glassworks in Selangor. Located close among other areas, from demand the requirements of ISO 9001:2015 to Kuala Lumpur, Jg Containers has for specialty glass for pharmaceutical standards and the factory’s products been making clear glass bottles and packaging and ultra-thin glass for the are certified under this scheme. jars for soft drinks, liquors, foods and foldable mobile devices of the future. pharmaceuticals since 1972. Over the years, Jg Containers In fiscal year 2019/2020, SCHOTT plans to invest EUR 320 million, the highest amount in the company’s history. Main international focus will remain on capacity expansions in the pharmaceutical packaging business in India and China. To achieve this, the expansion of production capacity in the existing India plant aims to further strengthen its output by mid- 2020. SCHOTT has committed additional investments of EUR 28 million for another tank facility which will be operational this year. With the new production facility, the plant’s capacity will be doubled, allowing the group to produce its highly specialised FIOLAX tubing material for both domestic and export demands. At the same time, SCHOTT intends to intensify its efforts to protect the environment and the climate. “With a view towards responsible and sustainable further development, we have set ourselves a clear goal: We want to make SCHOTT a climate-neutral

Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 9 has regularly modernised its inspection machines, delivering a EUROPEAN SOFT DRINKS manufacturing operations, adopting more comprehensive offering to face INDUSTRY JOINS THE “CLOSE proven industry developments in the challenges presented by the smart THE GLASS LOOP” TO OPTIMIZE GLASS PACKAGING furnace, forming, inspection and factory. The NEO Series heralds CIRCULAR ECONOMY packaging technologies, while the arrival of a new era, where glass employing advanced digital methods inspection is not only sustained by UNESDA Soft Drinks Europe – to improve its products and customer machines but also by accurate data representing the European soft drinks industry – joins “Close the Glass Loop” service. and the ability to comprehend, – the major industry stewardship The glassmaker’s latest investment compute and connect it. programme for glass packaging calls on the established production NEO Intelligence is an innovative initiated by FEVE – EU Federation expertise of Germany’s Heye defect approach that relates to of the container glass. The platform International. This includes the intelligent defect recognition and has the objective to achieve a post- installation of an 8-section, double sits at the core of Evolution non- consumer glass container collection gob 5in IS machine that has been contact glass container inspection target of 90%, and to ensure that this specially adapted to accommodate equipment. is recycled into the container glass the customer’s existing variables. production loop to come back as a The Heye IS machine is fully prepared The latest generation Evolution NEO new packaging. for NNPB process and is equipped series marks an important break with latest Heye technology such as with other glass inspection machines, “We are proud to join the Close the rotor mechanism for constant glass bringing the concept of the smart Glass Loop platform. It is a strong homogeneity, dual motor shears factory even closer. NEO eXperience initiative and a step in the right direction and high-speed delivery system. At is the NEO dashboard, designed towards making Europe’s Economy the cold end, Heye has delivered to assist glassmakers to understand Circular. Its objectives are in line with its Wenspect quality control the causes of defects, to simplify the our theme of ‘Circularity works, let’s inspection solution - a combination adjustment of settings and to reduce all give it a chance’, and we are glad to of Heye SmartLine check detection false rejection rates. be involved in building its foundations,” system, Heye multipoint wall The inspection data created is available says Mr. Nicholas Hodac, UNESDA thickness measurement and Iris not only on the machine itself but Director General. “By contributing Evolution sidewall inspection. Since remotely as well, for plant managers to an increased collection and endless completing this installation, the to monitor performance and initiate recycling of glass packaging we help to customer has recorded 93% glass changes where necessary. In addition, drive sustainability throughout our value pack efficiencies. Heye team thanks defect images are available to hot chain. Recycled glass is essential for Jg Top Management Mr. Sanjeev end personnel, providing the ability the container glass industry. It means Chadha and Mr. Anwardeen for this to share critical defect characteristics a more resource-efficient production opportunity and trust in Heye as a and defect images in real-time, alerting process and more sustainable glass reliable partner. IS machine operators to instances of packaging solutions for our member CREATING THE NEXT ERA FOR critical defect detection. companies”. SMART INSPECTION The NEO series is the result of many The “Close the Glass Loop” initiative In response to the international years of dedicated research and aims to unite the container glass glass container industry’s growing development. This equipment has value chain under a multi-stakeholder acceptance and adoption of ‘smart’ received widespread glass industry European programme but also manufacturing practices, IRIS acceptance, generating multiple crucially to support national level Inspection machines has expanded orders, in particular from European action plans. UNESDA’s company its NEO range of smart inspection and Latin American glass packaging and national association members will solutions. producers. Already, 510 machines are cooperate with national glass value Created in close consultation with key running NEO software throughout chains across Europe to improve customers, the latest NEO technology the world, with excellent customer the collection and recycling of glass goes beyond the conventional feedback generated for the innovative packaging. The Close the Glass boundaries associated with specialist defect approach adopted. Loop national action plans will drive

10 Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 www.aigmf.com sustainability throughout the whole supply chain partners play essential enable the industry to work locally value chain. roles on behalf of food, beverage, and to maintain its production at a “We are delighted to have UNESDA’s and pharmaceutical companies. To sustained level. support and collaboration to reach guarantee the effective supply of “The role of recycling in the supply chain the full potential of our Circular for-sale, in-store packaged food and of glass packaging is crucial. In North Economy model predicated on the beverages, the glass manufacturing America, recycled glass content averages endless recycling possibilities of glass. industry must remain operational as one-third of every new container, and in Soft Drinks are a key customer for our ‘essential’ throughout the duration of the EU, that content is 52% on average. industry and are frontline in persuading the pandemic. A disruption to the food Using recycled glass by leveraging consumers to recycle more and better and beverage packaging industry would local waste does not only reduce together” – stated Ms. Adeline Farrelly, greatly impair the public’s ability to dependency on virgin raw materials FEVE Secretary General. “The purchase food and beverages at their but also contributes to both a more collaboration with UNESDA members is grocery store at a time when demand sustainable environment and economy. a key milestone in our pathway to 90% is up considerably, and those outlets Glass recyclers and manufacturers collection target and towards a climate- remain vital to food security around the need high-quality material in order to neutral glass packaging industry”. globe.” produce high-quality jars, bottles, and All consumer goods industries are In addition to the various measures containers. We therefore encourage being called upon by the European that have always been implemented governments to continue their recycling Commission to collect, recycle and by the members of GPI, FEVE and programs especially during this critical reuse packaging. Each country will FERVER to protect their employees time, so that glass manufacturers need to achieve the 2030 recycling and guarantee their safety, additional can remake new, safe products that targets fixed by the recently reviewed actions are being taken to ensure their support the global health system and Packaging and Packaging Waste health and well-being as the situation our food, beverage and pharmaceutical Directive. For glass, it is 75% by evolves. “Glass manufacturers both in industries.” 2030. the United States and the European “GPI, FEVE, and FERVER remain fully Union work diligently to protect the committed to glass manufacturing EUROPEAN AND US GLASS safety and health of their employees INDUSTRIES SALUTE ALL and recycling. Our organizations stand while continuing to ensure the supply STAFF WHO ARE WORKING closely together to continue bringing RELENTLESSLY TO KEEP of new glass bottles and containers glass bottles and containers from the ESSENTIAL INDUSTRIES for the food, beverage, and pharma factory to the table in this challenging GOING AND TO CONTRIBUTE sectors. GPI, FEVE, and FERVER are time.” TO FOOD SECURITY ACROSS closely following the guidelines and THE GLOBE recommendations published by the COPING WITH COVID-19: AGI European and US glass industries World Health Organization (WHO) GLASPAC salute all staff who are working and other relevant authorities and “Dealing with hampered production and relentlessly to keep essential are monitoring the situation carefully. lack of input raw materials, AGI glaspac industries going and to contribute to Employee safety is our first priority has put in measures to cushion the food security across the globe. and paramount, especially during this blow. For starters, a hold on non-critical uncertain time.” The US Glass Packaging Institute capital expenditure and a slew of cost (GPI), the European Container Glass In this context, the waste collectors reduction initiatives. While 60 per cent Federation (FEVE), and the European and the recycling sector are also crucial staff in key areas like plant engineering, Federation of Glass Recyclers to ensuring the continued supply of production, and warehouse are on (FERVER) released the following essential glass packaging for the food rotational shifts, the rest are working statement to thank all employees for and beverage industries. Hence the from home” said Mr. Rajesh Khosla, their determination and commitment importance of continuing to recycle President and CEO, AGI glaspac. to keep glass manufacturing supplying glass packaging in the appropriate The nation-wide lockdown, essential industries during the bins. The sourcing of local materials announced on March 24, to contain COVID-19 pandemic: “The glass from recycling activities to produce the COVID-19 pandemic has container industry, their staff and new glass containers will continue to disrupted pharma supply chains. One

Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 11 week later, members of the ancillary goods will help most of the factories well as possible supply chain glitches, segments, who would like to partner with supply materials. His stance is the company has had to ensure that the pharma sector as it fights the that the glass-manufacturing sector input raw materials used for glass COVID-19 crisis, are stepping up to should be proactive at this stage as production are stocked up for the the challenge and hope that things will the pharma companies are putting in next few months. The company is get better in the days ahead. considerable efforts to fight this crisis. also looking at alternative vendors in certain cases. Mr. Khosla admits that logistically, Emphasising the key role of glass it has been difficult to supply to the packaging for pharma companies According to Mr. Khosla, Soda Ash, pharma companies. AGI glaspac’s he says, “Glass is the only packaging a primary raw material, has been pharma segment, which currently material with the GRAS status from stocked for up to two months to contributes 30-32 per cent of glass the US FDA. The manufacturers also cater to the demand. AGI has its own sand manufacturing plant, but due to packaging in the Indian pharma use a cleanroom environment for the lockdown, there are chances that packaging industry, is facing hampered pharma glass manufacturing to prevent certain operations will run partially. production, affected supplies and contamination in glass bottles. Hence, it increased stock. So far, the company avoids all kinds of contamination during The situation is a bit better on the fuel is working partially with limited raw the storage and supply of products for front as according to Mr. Khosla, oil, materials like sand and soda ash, the pharma company.” gas and other fuels won’t be hit as the the key input raw materials for glass industry has informed the company Like many of its peers, AGI glaspac packaging. that there won’t be any shortage. As has taken precautions to safeguard machinery parts and cartons used Mr. Khosla is however hopeful that the health of employees, respond to for packaging have been stopped or this will change as some of the state clients’ requests as well as adhere delayed, the company is reportedly governments have now included to the government regulations to looking at alternative options from the packaging industry in the list contain with COVID-19. Mr. Khosla local vendors. of industries exempted from the highlights changes in three areas: input To safeguard employees, contract lockdown. material; workforce; and outward staff and others, Mr. Khosla said Mr. Khosla also points out that the transportation. that the company has driven various recent exemption of non-essential Anticipating increased demand as awareness programmes through

63rd Birthday (2nd March) of Mr. Raj Kumar Mittal, President AIGMF was celebrated on March 3rd at the Glass promotion meeting in AIGMF office

12 Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 www.aigmf.com banners, leaflets, workshops, etc. to bring in safety as the utmost priority for the workers. “Almost 60 per cent of our employees are now working from home in the Hyderabad and Bhongir plants with the rotational shifts (alternate days) in our important departments like Plant Engineering, Production, Warehouse, Quality and a 100 per cent work-from- home situation across all our other sales offices. Our production and engineering teams continue to work,” says Mr. Khosla. The company has also initiated temperature checks and sanitisation at Mr. Vijay Shah, Vice Chairman, Piramal Glass at the groundbreaking ceremony entry and punching areas. Hot water dispensaries have been implemented PIRAMAL GLASS IN $42 and produces 540 tonnes per day of in various areas. The employees are MILLION EXPANSION AT ITS glass. It employs 2130 people and with only following virtual interactions JAMBUSAR, INDIA PLANT this expansion it will create additional for customer and internal meetings. Piramal Glass is to invest US$42 direct employment to 700 people. All the outgoing and incoming million to expand its Jambusar, India Mr. Vijay Shah, Vice Chairman, transportation is being carefully container glass manufacturing plant. Piramal Glass said: “This world-class monitored to avoid any spread of the The expansion plan includes one new plant equipped with cutting-edge virus. furnace with seven manufacturing technology rooted in the principles of “We have given truck drivers proper lines across its 300,000 sq. feet digital manufacturing, will also create awareness and information on the plant. It will cater to the high-end job opportunities in the region.” outbreak of the virus. Truck drivers are speciality spirit, food & beverage and Piramal Glass has global sales of not allowed to enter without washing pharmaceutical markets for exports US$357 million and operates from their hands. Hand sanitisers have been to countries in Asia, Europe and the India, Sri Lanka and the US through made available for the truck drivers and US. its four manufacturing facilities and cleaners,” reveals Mr. Khosla. The Indian glass packager said the several decoration plants. There is no doubt that the COVID-19 facility will be one-of-its-kind in Asia Globally, it manufactures 1435 tonnes situation will impact the company’s as there is a growing need for high- per day of glass from 12 furnaces and revenues. As Mr. Khosla reveals, “All end water bottles, spirits bottles and 63 production lines. 40% of its sales non-critical capital expenditure is on food packaging. are in high-end cosmetics & perfumery hold. Cost reduction initiatives have The Jambusar plant already has three market, 37% in speciality spirits market been identified wherever possible.” furnaces with 23 manufacturing lines and 23% in pharmaceutical market.

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Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 13 Xykl ,DliksVZjksa ds xksnkeksa esa çeq[k lfpo lgxy us ohfM;ks ØkWiQsflax ds dksjksuk ykWdMkmu esa 'kgj ds pwM+h o dkap nkSjku bZihlh,p ds phiQ Mk;jsDVj jkds'k Hkjk iM+k djksM+ksa dk eky m|ksx dks djksM+ksa dk uqdlku gks pqdk gSA dksjksuk ykWdMkmu ls m|ksx&/a/ss cqjh rjg dqekj] funs'kd vkjds oekZ o jkts'k jkor dkj[kkus Hkh can py jgs gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa çHkkfor gks x, gSaA ftlesa dkap uxjh ds ds vykok fiQjkstkckn Xykl eSU;wiQSDpjlZ ge yksx gtkjksa Jfedksa dks vizSy ekg esa fcuk Xykl ,DliksVZjksa lfgr çns'k ds dbZ ftyksa ,lksfl,'ku v/;{k eqds'k caly Vksuh] dke dsa esgurkus dk Hkqxrku ugha dj ldsaxsA ds fu;kZrdksa dk djksM+ksa #i;s ds vkMZj dk eqjknkckn ls 'kjn caly] dey lksuh] – jktdqekj feÙky eky muds xksnkeksa esa iM+k gqvk gSA ysfdu vkjds eYgks=kk] vkxjk ls jtr vLFkkuk ps;jeSu ;wihth,e,l m|eh laxBu ls lh/k laokn fd;kA bl nkSjku 'kgj fons'kh [kjhnnkj mldk mBku ugha dj ik jgs fons'kh dkjksckfj;ksa us gekjs vkMZj jn~n dj ds çeq[k Xykl ,DliksVZj eqds'k caly us gSaA ftlls ,DliksVZjksa dh /M+dusa c<+h gqbZ gSaA fn, gSA rS;kj eky xksnkeksa esa Hkjk gqvk gSA çeq[k lfpo dks voxr djk;k fd dksjksuk vc ,DliksVZjksa dh leL;k ij 'kklu us dkap m|ksxksa esa ykWd Mkmu py jgk gSA egkekjh dh otg ls dkap uxjh dk Xykl m|ksxksa ij djksM+ksa :i;s dk cSad yksu gSA Hkh è;ku nsuk 'kq: dj fn;k gSA çns'k ,DliksVZ rckg gksus ds dxkj ij igqap fd'r Hkh ugha pqdk ik jgs gSA Jfedksa dks ds çeq[k lfpo m|ksx uouhr lgxy x;k gSA fiQjkstkckn ds fu;kZrdksa ds 100 fcuk dke ds ixkj ugha ns ldrsA blds us ohfM;ks dkaizQsflax ds tfj, Mk;jsDVj djksM+ ls vf/kd ds vkMZj dk eky Hkstus fy, ljdkj dks jkgr iSdst nsuk pkfg,A ,DliksVZ çeks'ku dkmafly vkWiQ gSaMhØkWÝV ds fy, xksnkeksa esa rS;kj j[kk gSA ysfdu – eqds'k caly Vksuh (bZihlh,p) ds ek/;e ls ,DliksVZjksa dh vesfjdk o ;wjksi ds vusd [kjhnnkjksa us ps;jeSu] fiQjkstkckn] Xykl eSU;wiQSDpjlZ leL;kvksa dks xaHkhjrk ls lqukA lkFk gh vkMZj dSafly dj fn, gSaA ,DliksVZ ,lksfl,'ku ;Fkk laHko 'kklu ls fu;kZrdksa dks jkgr mUgksaus dgk fd 90 çfr'kr ls vf/d fnyk, tkus dk vk'oklu fn;kA dkap uxjh ds Xykl gSaMhØkWÝV vk;Ve dk dh njdkj gSA blh rjg vkxjk] eqjknkckn eky vesfjdk] bVyh] teZuh] baXySaM] Lisu ds fu;kZrdksa us viuh leL;k crkbZA lkFk Do you have o vU; ;wjksih; ns'kksa esa tkrk gSA tgka ij gh jkgr iSdst fn, tkus dh ekax mBkbZA news to share? lcls T;knk egkekjh iQSy jgh gSA eqds'k ftl ij çeq[k lfpo lgxy us 'kklu Send your news and th us dgk fd lcls cM+h fnDdr rks ;g Lrj ls ;FkklaHko jkgr fnyok, tkus dk press releases to gS fd dksbZ Hkh fons'kh dkjksckjh cdk;k vk'oklu fu;kZrdksa dks fn;kA  [email protected] jkf'k Hkh ugha ns jgk gSA tks fd djksM+ksa esa (News Source: AIGMF Research Team / World gSaA ,sls esa fu;kZr dkjksckj dks ljdkjh jkgr Wide Web)

SOMANY CONFERENCE HALL at office

"Somany Conference Hall" can accommodate 18- 20 people.

Hall is equipped with 43" Smart Wi-Fi TV, Computer work stations and other basic facilities.

AIGMF members can avail Hall for business meetings (at no charge) which could be planned between 10 am to 5 pm, Monday to Friday and 10 am to 2 pm on Saturdays.

Booking is however subject to its availability on a working day.

Request for booking may be sent at [email protected]

14 Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 www.aigmf.com

Welcomes New Members S. No. Name/Unit Services 1. Solvay Specialities India Pvt. Ltd. Manufacturers/Suppliers of raw materials Mr. Ashish Arora 903 | Tower 4 | Equinox Business Park LBS Marg | Kurla - West | Mumbai - 400 070 Tel: +91 8657976835 E: [email protected] 2. H-Energy Gas Marketing Pvt. Ltd. Supplier of regasified liquified natural gas Mr. Hiren Mehta 12th Floor, Knowledge Park Hiranandani Business Park Powai, Mumbai - 400 076 Tel: + 91 22-25715100/5200 E: [email protected] 3. Er. P K Jain (Consultant) Consultants to the Glass Industry Mr. P K Jain F-1, Green Park, New Delhi-110 016 T: +91 11-4175 5700 / 2696 0532 E: [email protected] Membership of the Federation

Members of the Federation are classified into two categories; manufacturers of primary glass articles are enrolled as Ordinary Members of the Federation and suppliers to glass industry viz., suppliers of machinery, raw materials, consultants and others connected with glass industry are enrolled as Affiliate Members. Foreign Companies supplying machinery etc., to glass industry are also enrolled as Affiliate Members. Membership forms can be downloaded from www.aigmf.com/membership.php Members of the Federation are enrolled on the recommendation of Zonal Associations viz.: yy Eastern India Glass Manufacturers' Association (EIGMA) yy Northern India Glass Manufacturers' Association (NIGMA) yy South India Glass Manufacturers' Association (SIGMA) yy Uttar Pradesh Glass Manufacturers' Syndicate (UPGMS) yy Western India Glass Manufacturers' Association (WIGMA)

ADMISSION FEE / ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION Ordinary Members: -- Admission fee ` 5,000/- -- Annual subscription: Single Unit: ` 27,500 + GST as applicable -- More than one Unit: ` 1,10,000 + GST as applicable -- Applicants for enrollment for a period of five years may pay a consolidated amount of ` 1,25,000 for a single Unit and ` 5,00,000 for more than one Unit + GST as applicable Affiliate Members: -- Admission fee ` 5,000/- -- Annual subscription: ` 11,000 + GST as applicable -- Applicants for enrollment for a period of five years may pay a consolidated amount of ` 49,500 (including admission fee) + GST as applicable Affiliate Members from countries other than India: -- Admission fee US $ 200 -- Annual subscription: US $ 440 + GST as applicable -- Applicants for enrollment for a period of five years may pay a consolidated amount of US $ 1,650 (including admission fee) + GST as applicable ■

Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 15 Absorption, Reflection and Birefringence in Glasses Prof. (Dr.) A. K. Bandyopadhyay Technology Consultant & Ex-Principal Govt. College of Engg. & Ceramic Technology, West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata [email protected] / asisbanerjee.wordpress.com

Abstract

Optical property is the single most important property in glasses. The study of this property is important, as there is a direct relation with transparency. For many container glasses and all float glasses, transparency is the most required or the most desired quality aspect without which the product looses its relevance in the market. So the glass manufacturers are very careful about transparency for these products. To understand optical properties, a basic knowledge about it is essential. In this short article, a glimpse on absorption, reflection, refraction is given along with birefringence that is an elasto-optical effect.

INTRODUCTION surface aberrations give rise to a good These glasses, called E-glass, are The word “transparency” comes to transparency, but they have a very high also important in the overall optical our mind whenever we talk about glass. emissivity or low reflectance so that property of glass. When light falls on a There are a variety of applications that undesirable light rays with wavelength piece of glass, some part is reflected, are based on transparency, and for in the infrared region of the solar a small part is absorbed, but a major some reason we cannot forget about spectrum are not filtered through the part is transmitted that makes glass windows. A lower emissivity can be this unique optical property of glass, e. stand apart. This is shown in Fig. 1. imparted in double or triple layers of g. among container glasses, we tend to window glasses with special coatings The optical property of glass is give importance to those glasses that that considerably reduce the heat based on the “interaction” of the are typically used for drinking water, losses keeping the buildings cooler medium (i.e. glass) and the energy fruit juices and for some people, in the summer months, but warmer of the electro-magnetic waves. The beers and other drinks, and they are in the winter months. While this has spectroscopic method has already also contained in different types of a strong implication in the saving of been mentioned while discussing the container bottles with or without energy, it also indicates much lower structure of glass covering a very aesthetic appeal with further usage carbon dioxide emission, as desired wide range of frequencies. Here, as jars, pans, bowls, trays, plates, etc. by the environmental authorities. we are discussing glass as ‘optical If the drinking glass is transparent, i.e. a ray of light passes through it in a clear manner we could identify any suspended particles in the water – that occurs due to the scattering of light. Secondly, transparent glasses are also used as ‘float glasses’ as windows for getting more light inside the building, room separators in offices, staircase sideways in commercial buildings and Malls, etc. This has been discussed in the past in many articles in Kanch[1-4]. The “float” or sheet glasses with no Fig. 1: Transmission through a piece of glass

16 Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 www.aigmf.com material’ by mentioning some of the lot of mathematical functions with in optical lenses and other important important aspects of optical quantity mathematical transforms that are applications. that signifies glass. used like Hilbert Transform. These From the above formula, a 1% are the basic knowledge on which the The interest in optical glass is related transmission means that the optical entire optical property of materials to certain characteristics which are density O.D. = 2. The technology of was built. typical property of glass: (a) Isotropy, optical fiber has popularized the use (b) Degree of high homogeneity, (c) of decibels (dB) by relating it to: Absorption Coefficient Ú Possibility of continuous variation 1 dB = (1/10) O.D. in property with composition (i.e. From the index of absorption that is a It has to be noted that there is a loss absence of stoichiometry), (d) function of wavelength (λ), we could of internal reflection inside the optical Possibility of obtaining a glass piece define the “absorption coefficient”: = 4 k/ . For a real homogenous fiber when carrying information upto any limit on dimension. In α π λ material (like glass), the fraction of through it that is expressed as dB/Km, majority of cases, the structural light intensity (I) depends on the by expressing the formula in terms order in short distance (say, 20- coefficient, α, and the distance of light of the distance traveled by light, e.g. 30 Armstrong) control the optical travel, i.e. thickness of glass sample 100s of kilometers in length. The loss phenomena. It is possible to find (dx): has continuously been reduced by R optical quality of the crystals without & D activity of various laboratories dI/I = -αdx their various limitations. around the world. The formula for The optical glass is used for making On integrating this equation, we loss is expressed as: get the attenuation of light traveling high-value added items, such as Prism, α = ln(I /I)/x = 2.303 (O.D.)/x = within a material of thickness, x. This 0 Lenses, Filters, Mirror supports, etc. 23.03 dB/x The most recent applications consist is thus expressed as: The above absorption coefficient of Laser glasses as well as conductor I = I exp (-αx) 0 can also be due to the presence of light like optical fibres for long Where, I is the intensity of transmitted of a particular metal ion (i.e. distance communication industry. light, I is the intensity of incident light chromophore). In this case, the Let us discuss the theory of optical 0 and here α is the “linear coefficient absorption is directly proportional to properties. of absorption”. Instead of light the concentration (c) in mol/litre of a transmission (I/I )x100, generally The Theory Ú 0 given metal ion, and in this case the we consider the “optical density” formula is expressed as: The propagation of an electro- (O.D.) that is defined by the following α = ε c magnetic wave inside a material formula: produces a displacement of electric Where ε is the (molar) “extinction O.D. = log (I /I) charge. For a sinusoidal wave, the 10 0 coefficient. Thus, we get: change of speed and intensity is From the intensity formula, we I = I0 exp(εcx) contained within the complex index could find the transmission quality of of refraction, n*, that is related to the a glass piece, e.g. float glass slab. If This is the famous Beer-Lambert equation and is useful for any complex relative permittivity as: (I/I0) is 0.98, i.e. the entire visible light does not transmit through the glass laboratory calculation dealing X* = X’+iX’’ piece, and multiplying by 100, we get with glass colour. The higher the n*2 = X2 98% transmission that indicates 2% concentration of metal ion, the higher is the absorption coefficient, and the by writing n* = n – ik, we have index absorption due to the problem of coefficient is also higher for longer of refraction, n, and the index of glass defect or due to the presence distance traveled by light, or sample absorption, k, we have the following of transition metal ion impurity that thickness. This is the reason when a relation: absorbs in this region of wavelength. However, 99% transmission signifies a “10 cm square” glass piece of 0.5 cm n – k = X’ and 2nk = X’’ better optical product for commercial thickness looks clear when viewed where X’ – 1 is called electric use, while 99.99% transmission (or from the top of the plate – as the susceptibility. These are some of more) is considered “acceptable” for distance travelled by light is only 0.5 the basic equations that involve a better optical clarity that is needed cm. However, when viewed from

Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 17 the side, it looks deeply coloured – a wave of photons. Photons have stress (σ). It is a quantity that defines as the distance traveled by light is 10 energy that is dependent on the a sort of ‘deformation’. The relation cm (i.e. 20 times higher path length), wavelength of light. The refractive between S and σ is given as: and naturally higher absorption for index and absorption coefficient S = ∆n/n = Bσ a given metal ion present in fixed are always given as a function of concentration, e.g. for an ordinary wavelength, or energy of the incident Where B is defined as the “elasto- soda-lime-silica commercial glass with photons. The wavelength in general optical” constant. If ∆n/n (non- some iron content that gives rise to is indicated in micron (μ), millimicron dimensional quantity) is measured greening tinge. Another way of stating (mμ), Angstorm (Å), or nanometers in mμ/cm and σ in dynes/cm2, B is this fact is that either we change (nm) and they are related as follows: measured in Brewster. In this case,

the concentration of a metal ion or -6 1 nm = 1mμ = 10 Å = 10-3 μ ∆n/n = 10 Bσ change the thickness of the sample, i.e. path length to get more or less There is a relation between energy For a normal glass, the birefringence colours apparent to our eyes [5]. (E) and wavelength (λ) as: is 2.6 Brewster.

The molar extinction coefficient E (eV) = 1239.8/λ (nm) CONCLUSION is constant for a given transition And the frequency v(cm-1) = 1/λ(cm). To get a glimpse of the most important metal ion present in a glass (e.g. property of glass, i.e. optical property, iron ions), which is again dependent The Birefringence Ú a theoretical description is given on the ligand field strength or the Glass is an isotropic material, i.e. any here on absorption and reflection alkali concentration that supplies property measured in any direction with the familiarity of various units the extra oxygen anions (ligand) is almost constant. However, in used in different monographs and around the metal ion. So, the only certain conditions, glass can be way to reduce colouration in a glass research reports of glass laboratories. anisotropic. The most important is to reduce total concentration that A brief description is also given on reason being the application of reduces the absorption coefficient of the birefringence or ‘elasto-optical’ mechanical force that induces some a particular metal ion. If the product property of a glass. In a future article, thing called birefringence. The speed is made thinner, then also for a given some data of different types of glasses of propagation, i.e. refractive index, concentration of metal ions, the effect will be given. depends on the orientation of the of colour is reduced, e.g. glass lamp plane of polarization. The ray of light REFERENCES shade or similar items. perpendicular to the axial stress (σz) is 1) A. K. Bandyopadhyay, "Glass - a The Reflection Ú called ‘ordinary ray’ and that parallel to Sustainable Building and Packaging the axial stress is called ‘extraordinary Material", published and printed The fraction of light reflected (R) ray’. The glass piece will have to by Vinit Kapur on behalf of AIGMF, under a normal incidence is given by New Delhi, (March, 2016). indices of refraction corresponding the formula as: to these two directions of ray of light 2) A. K. Bandyopadhyay, "Transparency R = ((n – 1)2 + k2)/ ((n + 1)2 + k2) (no and nex) and the birefringence is in Float Glasses and some Applications", Kanch, Vol. 2[3], In the optical region of the spectra, given by: (2014), 23-26. k is almost equal to zero. So, this n >=∆n = no - nex equation is reduced to: 3) A. K. Bandyopadhyay, "Technology The lag (δ) for a thickness (x) of glass of Float Glasses", Kanch, Vol. 5[3], 2 2 R = (n – 1) /(n + 1) is given by: (2012), 33-36. This is a much simpler equation, and if δ = x(no - nex) 4) A. K. Bandyopadhyay, “Smart City one determines the refractive index, Usually, it is evaluated by the ratio and Glass Science for Flat-Screen the value of R could be calculated, Products – Part I”, Kanch, Vol. 3[3], (δ/x) in nm/cm and the relative lag is With respect to the total light incident (2015), 1-4. given as: on a piece of glass, one could then 5) A. K. Bandyopadhyay, Coloured find out % Reflectance. S = (n - n )/n o ex Glasses: A Part of the Theoretical Here, some units describing optical Where n is the refractive index of the Aspect - Part I, Kanch, Vol. 5[4], property need to be given. Light is glass not subjected to any mechanical (2018), 7-11 

18 Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 www.aigmf.com About

The All India Glass Manufacturers’ Federation

The All India Glass Manufacturers' Federation was founded in 1944. The Federation is made up of five Regional Associations viz. Eastern India Glass Manufacturers' Association (EIGMA)-Kolkata Northern India Glass Manufacturers' Association (NIGMA)-Haryana South India Glass Manufacturers' Association (SIGMA)-Hyderabad Uttar Pradesh Glass Manufacturers' Syndicate (UPGMS)-Firozabad and Western India Glass Manufacturers' Association (WIGMA)-Mumbai The Federation was incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 (No. 1 of 1956) as a Limited Company on 15-6-1970. The main aims & objectives of the Federation are:-  To encourage, promote and develop the manufacture of glass articles of all kinds and to safeguard and protect the interests of glass industry and glassware business in India.  To form a common link amongst Glass Manufacturers' in India and thus develop a spirit of mutual help and cooperation with one another.  To promote the study and research in Glass Technology.  To consider all matters relating to the manufacture and marketing of glass articles in India and the question of export and import thereof.  To devise ways and means for securing necessary supply of raw materials required for the manufacture of glass articles at comparatively lower prices and thus to decrease the cost of production and increase the national wealth.  To collect necessary information and data and propagate it for the benefit of Glass Industry and trade in India.  To make representations whenever necessary to the Union Government or any unit of the Union of India for the removal of difficulties that might hamper the trade of glass articles or for grant of special facilities for the Glass Industry.  To draw Government or public attention to the difficulties in the way of Glass Industry and to solve other problems confronting it and to solicit their help and support through concerted action.  To organise a united front on behalf of all glass manufacturers and thus strive to gain all those advantages which may not be possible through individual effort. All those engaged in the manufacture of glass and glass articles are enrolled as Ordinary Members of the AIGMF and those associated with the Glass Industry are enrolled as Affiliate Members of the Federation. Almost all glass manufacturers including many in the small scale sector are ‘Ordinary’ Members of the Federation. Articles of Association of the AIGMF were amended in September 1992 to enroll foreign companies as Affiliate Members of the Federation ■

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Utilising experience that has Ltd. ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������optical fibre, pharmaceutical, raw materials, refractories, specialty glass and tableware. 6 Exclusive interviews with figureheads from:AGI glaspac, Adarsh Kanch Udyog, Asahi India Glass (AIS), been gained from two decades of global activity, the company’s Borosil, Ceracon, Empire Industries-Vitrum Glass, Gerresheimer, Gold Plus Glass Industry, HNG, La Opala, personnel understand that attention to detail and quality as well as EmpireMascot, Industries Piramal Group, Ltd.- Pragati Vitrum Glass, Saint-Gobain Glass India, ����������������������������������� SGD Pharma India and many more! 39 dedicated services are critical to the company’s success. Gerresheimer ���������������������������������������������� Extra Folded Cover With complete confidence in the skills of employees and their knowledge, the company’s search for the latest and best Gold Plus Glass Industry Ltd. ��������������������Inside Cover (Back) installation techniques has enabled Furnotherm to become a leading furnace construction company, with the implementation HNG & Inds. Ltd. �������������������Centrespread (two pages-22-23) of safe working practices and ensuring good industrial relations. Heye International...... Inside Cover (Front) Adopting high performance specifications monitoring ensures excellence and quality assurance. Heat ApplicationsVisit India the Pvt. AIGMF Ltd...... online library 31 These attributes enable Furnotherm to create a competitive of Glass Worldwide articles at advantage by providing high efficiency to execute solutions with Lubitech Enterprises �������������������������������������������������������������www.aigmf.com 44 superior quality, low cost and outstanding customer satisfaction. l North East Sillimanite �������������������������������������������� Back Cover Nipro PharmaPackaging Ind. Pvt. Ltd...... Extra Folded Cover About the author Jogendra Singh is Managing Director of Furnotherm

R.D. Ashar Pvt. Ltd. �����������������������������������������������������������...35 Further information: Furnotherm Glass Projects India Pvt Ltd, Maharashtra, India Umda Enginering ���������������������������������������������������������������...21 tel: +91 22 25842101 For weekly news update and highlights of the latest issue email: [email protected] Zenith Metalik Alloys Ltd. ��������������������������������������������������...41 web: www.furnotherm.com of Glass Worldwide, visit www.glassworldwide.co.uk

GW AIGMF A4 Advert.indd 1 15/07/2019 13:23

Originally published in Glass Worldwide, preferred international journal of AIGMF

20 Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 www.aigmf.com [email protected] | www.umdaengg.com

Mr. M.D. Farooq (Founder)

Manufacturer Of Energy Efficient Lehrs

Mr. M.D. Farooq, the founder of Umda Enginering, brings to the table more than 35 years of expertise in the manufac- turing industry. Starting from humble beginnings, today more than 350 of Mr. Farooq’s Lehr machines are successfully installed around the world.

Mr. Farooq is best recognised as one of the co-founders of TNF Engineering, a company known across the industry as not only the leading manufacturers of Metallic Wire Conveyor and Lehr belts but also of Glass Plant Equipment. This mantle of superior performance and expertise has now been passed on to Umda Enginering. Belts A y e m a 2 0 1

Office & Works Plot N o. A – 581, TTC Industrial Area, MIDC Mahape, Navi Mumbai – 400 710. MS. KanchIndia. T|e Vol.l. 02 27- 2| 7No.78 240 | 4January-March1/42, Fax : 022 2020-2778 13 2138

Focus India Customer focus drives positive results for Indian glassmaker A hot topic of conversation at last October’s glasspex INDIA 2019 exhibition in Mumbai involved the positive performance of Borosil Glassworks and the diversified company’s latest pro-active investments. Shreevar Kheruka, Managing Director, exclusively explained his influential role in the family-owned glassmaking organisation’s return to success to Glass Worldwide, preferred international AIGMF journal.

rates and escalating fuel costs all combined to impact the company’s performance, at a time when cheap imports started to flood the local market. In addition, it became necessary to source some products from outside India to satisfy customer requirements. “It was a very difficult situation” Shreevar Kheruka confirms “but I was blessed to be placed in a position to be able to address such huge challenges.” Over the years, the company has operated four different manufacturing sites in India but its two main production sites are at Bharuch in Gujarat and at Jaipur in Rajasthan.

Family glassmaking dynasty Shreevar Kheruka was six years old when his grandfather, Mr B L Kheruka, who already owned a glass manufacturing business in Kolkata, took the decision to acquire Borosil Shreevar Kheruka took over as Managing Director Today, Pradeep Kheruka concentrates on the from Corning in 1988. “Where I grew up in the Marwari of Borosil in 2011. Borosil Renewables solar business. or Gujarati community of north west India, the area is famous for its entrepreneurial families, where it is normal Borosil Ltd is the market leader in glass. Other production specialties to hear business discussions at the dinner table. Even India for laboratory glassware and include lighting, extra clear patterned though I might not have been aware of it on a career level, microwavable kitchenware. The parent glass and pharmaceutical glassware. subconsciously the knowledge and experience keeps going company, Borosil Glass Works Ltd was In 2016, Borosil completed its in and as children, we would visit the glass plant in Kolkata established in 1962 in collaboration acquisition of Hopewell Tableware every weekend. So when our family took over Borosil and with Corning Glass Works. This (manufacturer of tempered opal glass relocated to Mumbai, I was fully aware of the company.” business became a wholly-owned tableware) and Klasspack, a producer Following the completion of his studies in India, Shreevar Indian enterprise in 1988, managed of glass ampoules and tubular glass Kheruka completed a dual finance and international and directed by members of the vials. Both businesses have now been relations degree at The Wharton School of the University of Kheruka family from headquarters successfully integrated within the Pennsylvania in the USA. He then worked for two years at in Mumbai. Sister company Borosil Borosil Group. Monitor Consultants (now Monitor Deloitte) in Boston, before Renewables Ltd specialises in the In the 2000s, however, the returning to Mumbai in 2006 to join the management team manufacture of high performance solar business has encountered severe at Borosil. financial difficulties, before ultimately It was always envisaged that Shreevar Kheruka would returning to its current position of follow in the footsteps of his father and grandfather and stability and profitability. Labour work in the family glassmaking business. During four years problems, challenging bank lending at university in the USA, he was exposed to different types

Mr B L Kheruka is still Executive Chairman at Borosil. The Borosil Renewables factory at Bharuch, Gujarat.

Originally published in Glass Worldwide, preferred international journal of AIGMF

24 Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 www.aigmf.com Focus India

worked well, to the point where Shreevar Kheruka was made Managing Director in 2011. Today, he has full responsibility for the consumer and scientific division, while his father Pradeep is responsible for the solar business. “I would never say that my grandfather has retired because he has a very high level work ethic and I don’t know what he’d do with himself! But as Chairman of the Board, he is now in a more advisory role rather than operations” Shreevar explains. “Obviously, we are a very close-knit family and any key decisions are taken with 100% consensus between the three of us. Overall, the co-operation between us could not be better and the communication and level of understanding is very strong.” In recognition of his six decades’ long career in the glass industry and his valuable contribution in the areas of technology, manufacturing, innovation, services and education, last year Mr B L Kheruka was announced as a worthy winner of the AIGMF’s C K Somany Award for Shreevar Kheruka addresses staff at the Borosil glassworks. Innovation and Technology. This award was supported by Glass Worldwide. “Always thinking beyond himself, he has of communication and education, in a Shreevar Kheruka visited numerous continually been trying to improve the prospects of not very international environment, before glass factories around the world, just Borosil but the glass industry in general” his grandson experiencing how corporate America learning many best practices that commented. “He was delighted to receive this award works during his time in Boston. helped in the formulation of a new because it means so much to receive recognition from his “Studying at a prestigious university business model. “There were lots of peers.” and having worked for a successful moving parts but by 2010, I think we All three generations of the Kheruka family share the company gave me a lot of credibility had managed to deal with the bigger same work ethic and approach to the delivery of appropriate when I came back to India to work at problems and ever since, the company value systems, respecting customers and suppliers alike, Borosil, rather than being viewed as has been on a very good wicket.” offering high quality products and observing the simple yet someone who was entitled and the important tenet of promising only what can be delivered and son of the owner!” Close-knit family benefits delivering what is promised. “There is no culture of making a He joined as Assistant Vice While the company’s patriarch, Mr quick buck and there is a high degree of alignment.” President, at a time when the business B L Kheruka (Executive Chairman) Importantly, Shreevar Kheruka has pioneered the was in the midst of a substantial crisis, concentrated on developing valuable introduction of a different approach to employee involvement suddenly going from being profitable architectural business opportunities in the creation of a shared company vision and the adoption to making losses. As explained above, and his son Pradeep (Vice Chairman) of a more ‘bottom up’ rather than ‘top down’ decision- the Mumbai operation was bleeding was heavily involved in intensive labour making process. “The way the company operates has money heavily and represented a and legal issues, grandson Shreevar changed dramatically in the last 10 years” he confirms. “The tough initiation for the latest member was tasked with the day-to-day world is changing… we have to be more flexible and move of the Kheruka dynasty. “The running of the Borosil Glass Works with the times to meet expectations and recruit and keep challenges that affected the business consumer and scientific division. the best people. It is our responsibility to continue to evolve so significantly all arose within a This involved sourcing, operations, with the times.” short space of time, so we were setting up a new plant in Gujarat and Staff training and development is an important aspect caught unawares.” It was necessary connecting with customers. of the management style adopted by Borosil and a strong to address product costings and The reallocation of responsibilities performance management process has been devised, where the company’s vision and deliverables are created and regularly assessed. Shreevar Kheruka is strongly committed to this approach, personally devoting in excess of 30% of his time to HR and organisational development related to

Solar glass production at the Borosil Renewables factory. Borosil’s Classic Delite ware.

Originally published in Glass Worldwide, preferred international journal of AIGMF

Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 25 Focus India

people. “It’s time well spent” he contends. “It’s simply not Including contract workers, the group gathered from every operation, always possible for us to make the best decisions from currently employs 2500 people, 1500 however, the company recognises top down; the market is evolving rapidly and new product of whom work for the consumer and that opportunities exist to use ideas need to come from our people on the ground, who scientific division and 1000 for the solar this data in a more meaningful are talking to customers every day. What we need to do in division. These numbers reflect the lower way. For example, Shreevar terms of investing in the plant should come from the people labour costs in India compared to many Kheruka believes that the level at the plant, rather than head office as it often was in the other parts of the world, where automated of autonomous or predictive past. Our employees need to feel part of the organisation for production practices are increasingly more maintenance algorithms adopted the company to continue to move in the right direction.” cost-competitive. can be increased to reduce Sales and product development practices are consistent downtimes. A pilot project has across the company, observing a customer-centric focus. This Investing in the future been budgeted for 2020 to embraces the concept of teams setting goals together in a Like every forward-looking glassmaker illustrate the benefits that could be room and people buying into those goals for the medium and around the world, Borosil is investing realised. short term. “The openness of discussion that we have across strongly in digital technology to optimise Separately, a pilot on-line our teams, the transparency of data sharing is absolute production efficiencies. While all equipment production monitoring project across the company” Shreevar Kheruka confirms. is already linked to the internet and data is was initiated last year to show the yields of operating machines. Although further analysis of the data generated has still to be undertaken, this project is considered a step in the right direction. Leading suppliers of production and processing technologies are playing an equally important role in the company’s recent resurgence. “Working with the correct supplier for machinery and technology can make all the difference between being a low performance company and a high performance company” says the Borosil Managing Director. “We are not in the business of saving money in terms of using

Mr B L Kheruka was announced winner of the AIGMF’s C K Somany Award for Innovation and Technology in 2019.

Originally published in Glass Worldwide, preferred international journal of AIGMF

26 Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 www.aigmf.com Focus India

the cheapest equipment. We invest in the best equipment to make the best quality glass, with the highest efficiency, so we always prefer to buy the best machinery and technology available for a specific purpose and that is the case for all Borosil business units.” Last October’s glasspex INDIA 2019 exhibition in Mumbai was recognised as a valuable opportunity to meet international suppliers in one place and is prioritised for attendance, along with glasstec in Germany. “A lot of discussion is undertaken in a short period of time and many things can be resolved in terms of cross checks and functionality, because we select suppliers on a project by project basis” says Shreevar Kheruka. “The 13th International Conference of the All India Glass Manufacturers’ Federation that was staged alongside glasspex INDIA with the support of Glass Worldwide was also a great opportunity to see and hear from international suppliers. We don’t have Performing a bending test on 2mm solar glass. tie-ups with individual suppliers but if their previous work with us has been successful and we are well connected with Having now stabilised the original 180 tonnes/day line has been them, we will strongly consider them again, of course.” business as a whole and witnessed repaired and its capacity has been the benefits of its latest acquisitions, increased to 210 tonnes/day, while a Strongly performing acquisitions Borosil is constantly on the lookout second line of the same size has been Since their acquisition in 2016, Hopewell Tableware for further possible acquisitions that added. (manufacturer of tempered opal glass tableware) and are considered ‘a good fit’ with the This significant production capacity Klasspack (manufacturer of glass ampoules and tubular existing portfolio. “Acquisitions can be expansion was undertaken in an effort glass vials) have been successfully integrated within the a risk from a cultural and disruption to keep up with fast expanding local group. And according to Shreevar Kheruka, both companies perspective, so the reward has to demand for solar glasses but another have grown substantially in the intervening period. be commensurate” says Shreevar doubling of capacity could soon be By 2019, Hopewell’s revenue had tripled and continues Kheruka. “We have a fantastic franchise on the cards. Sufficient space at the to increase. European melting and forming technology here in India in terms our brand name, site exists to increase manufacturing has been introduced, while the product portfolio has been distribution strengths and the teams capacity to some 840 tonnes/day upgraded via investments in new shapes and moulds. In that have been built up and go out and another fast track investment is addition, sales and marketing functions have been integrated to see customers… and we should currently the subject of evaluation. within Borosil, as the brand continues to successfully be looking to push as many quality “Our solar company is extremely benchmark its opal products against leading European products as possible through that innovative in terms of cost cutting and manufacturers. pipeline. We have a good vehicle for achieving higher efficiencies” Mr Kheruka Since Borosil acquired an approximately 80% interest in acquisitions and if we find something explains. “The team is strong and the the pharmaceutical packaging producer Klasspack in 2016, interesting then we will review it; our very high levels of efficiency achieved sales have increased from approximately $4 million to some progress in the last decade and the allow us to be competitive with Chinese $8.5 million in 2019. Investments have been made in the position of the company now means suppliers. The quality of glass and latest forming lines, camera inspection systems and clean we are able to do that.” our energy consumption per tonne is room technologies to satisfy the demanding requirements of world beating, as are other areas of the the pharmaceutical sector. Solar glass investments business.” In 2019, approximately $37 million was invested to double solar Focus on customer value glass production at the Bharuch While acknowledging that the glass manufacturing site in Gujarat. The industry has been boosted by the prevailing anti-plastic sentiment throughout the world, Shreevar Kheruka warns that greater innovation is necessary if the industry is to solve the challenges of reducing weight and increasing strength at a viable cost. “There is a huge growth opportunity in the field of glass but increased innovation and technology are key” he stresses. “At Borosil, we are constantly trying to find new ways to deliver this value to the customer.” l

Further information: Borosil Ltd, Mumbai, India tel: +91 22 6740 6300 email: [email protected] web: www.borosil.com Borosil’s Vision glasses range. Examples of calibrated laboratory glassware.

Originally published in Glass Worldwide, preferred international journal of AIGMF

Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 27 Emerging Trends in Container Glass Packaging for the Food and Beverage Industry

Rajesh Khosla President & CEO, AGI glaspac [email protected]

The global packaging industry has careless disposal of plastics. Even • Creating heat-resistant pyrex witnessed a significant transformation if recycling can help alleviate glass over the last few decades. Today’s some of the environmental The glass industry faces a major packaging plays a far more complex problems, the best way to protect share of its challenges in attaining its role than just making containers for the earth from plastics is to goals; however, the technological products during the processes of replace them with more eco- advancements in this sector are logistics, sales and end-use. It is now friendly alternatives like glass. helping manufacturers stay ahead It’s time to make that change. also an essential element in terms of of the game. Pre-emptive R&D will Glass can be recycled multiple product design, branding, marketing lead to the development of new times, so it doesn’t have to end and user experience. As the global opportunities and energy-efficient up in landfills. It is cost-effective, demand for packaging continues to production strategies. Some examples considering its durability and grow and diversify, the packaging include: industry is likely to be more heavily recyclability. Manufacturers in the • Smart glass bottles and containers influenced by consumer preferences, glass industry are more focused whose colour changes depending industry dynamics, environmental on environmental containers that on the liquid temperature concerns and developments in will drive the demand for more (medicines, wines, perishable technology and manufacturing recyclable products. products, etc.) equipment. Glass manufacturers are leveraging • An interactive drinking glass, People, nowadays, are opting technology to provide an which refills automatically or for a healthy and sustainable environment-friendly ecosystem stops refilling when not required lifestyle, given the current to create innovative products that situation. COVID-19 has created will help meet the already existing • Photovoltaic sunroofs replace a growing necessity for industries demand more efficiently. regular car sunroofs by including in the F&B sector to focus more Some of them include: solar PV cells to recharge the on hygiene and sanitisation. As vehicle's battery in electric cars • Strengthening glass containers most of the products in the F&B through a new tempering method • Glass mirrors that will help assess sector are included in essential the health condition of the person • Creating light weight containers services, it becomes crucial for standing in front of it in different geometric shapes the packaging sector to follow conservative practices. While • Using newer technologies like BEVERAGE INDUSTRY TO we have let plastic invade our single-stage forming to produce HOLD THE HIGHEST MARKET lives, because of the convenience thinner but stronger glass SHARE it brings us, there is a whole containers The market for glass packaging in the laundry list of toxic chemicals • Developing a coating on the alcoholic beverage industry is facing that leach into our environment surface of the glass to avoid intense competition from the metal due to the manufacture and the strength loss packaging segment, in the form of cans.

28 Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 www.aigmf.com

However, it is expected to maintain Pack of Mix Beverages by Packaging Type its share due to its use in premium in Percentage, Global, 2018 products. The growth is expected to be witnessed across different beverage products, like juices, coffee, tea, soups, non-dairy beverages and others. Among alcoholic beverages, beer witnessed tremendous growth in the past few years. The majority of beer volume is sold in glass bottles and is driving the need for increased production rates in the glass packaging industry. The increasing demand for premium variants in alcoholic drinks is driving the growth of glass bottles. 2. NNPB process for light weight the neck. Also, corkage reheat time Developing nations, like India, are also glass containers is less. It minimizes the temperature showing a preference for premium 3. Glass containers with unique difference in the parison due to beer. Returnable glass bottles are a codes for counterfeit proofing different glass contact times of the settled glass to the counter-blown cost-effective option for companies 4. Innovations in colouring glass. to deliver their products. This form of forehearth technology packaging is largely used in the non- With the help of the advanced blow- 5. Hollow decorated glass alcoholic beverage industry. Currently, blow technique, vacuum is applied containers about 70 per cent of the bottles used through a plunger to pull the glass for natural mineral water is made of 6. Cullet processing system into the neck ring while the gob is plastic. The choice for bottled-water being loaded. It results in faster neck packaging material is increasingly PRODUCTION OF finish formation and quick settling of LIGHTWEIGHT GLASS taking into account environmental glass in the blank mould. AGI glaspac CONTAINERS considerations. is successfully using a vacuum on Light weighting of glass containers the blank side and also valve baffle ADVANCES IN GLASS requires fundamentally low parison to minimize the time gap between TECHNOLOGY forming time, i.e. the time between gob loading and settle blow. All the AGI glaspac has adopted the following glass loading into the blank mould above processes help to minimize the measures: and starting of parison formation. It settle wave effect in the blow- blow requires faster neck finish formation 1. Production of light weight glass process-formed container. by way of faster settling of glass into containers A specially designed parison with a higher run and anti-settle wave shape, with longer reheat, means that the glass has enough time to heal the micro-checks produced in the glass during parison formation. It, in turn, helps to produce stronger containers. It requires a higher gob temperature and homogeneous glass.

NNPB PROCESS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT GLASS CONTAINERS The introduction of the NNPB process has enabled AGI glaspac to increase overall productivity and reduce weight and variations in

Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 29 the thickness distribution of glass an electronics caleto containers. Master The light weight container need not Full Stroke Sensor: The be a weak container. Glass, in its signal source is mounted in pure state, is extremely strong. Its the Emhart Quick Change strength is reduced considerably due Plunger mechanism to microscopic surface defects and Adapter Plate: Mounted variations in thickness. The NNPB on plunger mechanism process, together with hot-end and base plate for wireless cold-end coatings on glass is developed sensor signal transmission to address this issue. Containers with a large weight-to-capacity ratio can be Motor Controller: lightly weighted without affecting the Needle height and tube impact or bursting pressure strength. height motor control for machine number of times each bottle is filled without FlexIS control. On machines Lightweight containers made by and sold can be tracked to identify a with FlexIS the tube height control is NNPB are lighter by around 30 per counterfeit product. connected direct to the Master cent and have fewer variations in thickness besides being stronger than Universal Adjustment Drive: For INNOVATIONS IN COLOURING the containers made by the blow- optional needle height adjustment FOREHEARTH TECHNOLOGY and on non FlexIS installations used and-blow process. Colouring forehearth technology for tube height adjustment The NNPB process requires is used by the glass container sophistication in control of the GLASS CONTAINERS manufacturing industry to produce variation in the weight of glass. The WITH UNIQUE CODES FOR special coloured glass containers. Plunger Process Control System COUNTERFEIT-PROOFING AGI glaspac has recently innovated (PPC) monitors individual plunger Printing unique codes on glass bottles new concentrates to feed into this motions during the parison-forming facilitate the collection of information forehearth to produce negative ion process. The system uses full stroke at the filling point and outlet.Thus, the emission containers and anti-bacterial sensors and controls the glass weight within 1g. Master: Is the center of the system for control and visualization Control Box: Supplies Master with energy enables control loops and transmits weighing information from

30 Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 www.aigmf.com containers to cater to the growing This technology consists of the enhanced safety with no use of water needs of the consumer market. following major equipment for have been realised. impurity separation: HOLLOW DECORATED GLASS ABOUT AGI GLASPAC i. Magnetic separator: For Iron CONTAINERS HSIL Ltd., Packaging Products ii. Eddy current separator: For AGI glaspac has recently developed a Division, AGI glaspac, was established aluminium new method of producing bottles with in the year 1972. It is engaged in decoration/embossing on the hollow iii. Air-knife breezer: For organics the manufacture of high-quality areas of glass containers. Earlier, only iv. De-labelling: For label glass containers for packaging food, external decorated bottles were pharmaceuticals, soft drinks, liquor, v. Suction unit: For dust and light being produced. beer and wine. The company caters to papers a large and demanding customer base CULLET PROCESSING SYSTEM vi. Three-way optical sorter: Sensor with a product range covering flint, Cullet is recycled broken or waste and imaging-based pneumatic amber, blue and green containers. glass used in glass-making. Waste ejection technology for ceramic, With four furnaces today, AGI can cullet contains impurities and stones, porcelain and coloured commit to the availability of flint, needs to be freed for reuse. AGI glass amber and green glass throughout the incorporates green and dry European vii. Vibratory screens: Fines year. The product range varies from a technology for cullet processing in small 5 ml pharma bottle to a 4000 ml removing impurities like stones, Technology Benefit: As a result of chemical/food jar  ceramics, porcelain, iron, aluminium all these innovations, energy savings, and organics, such as paper, plastics, longer furnace life, higher production For more information, visit www.agi-glaspac.com wood, etc. from raw cullet. rate, decreased CO2 emissions and

Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 31 Colour Centres or Solarization and Colour due to Suspended Particles in Glasses

Prof. (Dr.) A. K. Bandyopadhyay Technology Consultant & Ex-Principal Govt. College of Engg. & Ceramic Technology, West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata [email protected] / asisbanerjee.wordpress.com

Abstract A variety of glasses exist that are useful for the human necessity. A majority of such glasses are in the bulk form thereby drawing the utmost importance both in terms of volume and values in the market, e.g. float glass, container glass of various forms and sizes. However, there are also a host of special glasses that are used for specific needs and these glasses also serve a great purpose for the humanity. Apart from ordinary coloured glasses containing transition metal ions due to redox reaction during the melting process, there are also a range of other coloured glasses containing colour centres or that is induced by prolonged exposure to sunlight, or solarisation. This will be discussed in this part of the article along with that kind of colour arising out of the suspended particles within the glass matrix.

INTRODUCTION commercial purposes, i.e. smart bonds in the oxide glasses) in the I.R. In the modern era, we have a variety buildings for a smart city. The scope is region. of glasses for a diverse field of already of immense dimensions. The absorption in the visible part applications for the human necessity The normal use of glass products, of the spectrum results in the [1]. There are bulk glasses, such mainly oxide glasses, is related to superposition of the tails of these as float glasses, container glasses, their good transmission property transitions: electronic and vibration. fibre glasses, etc., for building and in the optical part of the spectrum: To the transitions, one has to also add construction industry, as well as special Ultraviolet – U.V. (below 400 nm) + the effect of the impurities, i.e. the glasses for specific applications. Some Visible Spectrum – VIBGYOR (400 transition metal ions, like iron ions important applications that touch – 700 nm) + Infrared – I.R. (above that are most notable to the glass human lives will be briefly noted below 700 nm). The latter is sub-divided manufacturers and of colour centres. to highlight the importance. This was into near-I.R. and far-I.R., and various For the most important applications also done in several conferences on equipment involving different glassy of glass is fibre-optics in modern glasses by AIGMF. and crystalline materials exists for a telecommunication system. The Glass is a versatile material with huge study. presence of water (OH- or hydroxyl diverse applications in human life. It The two sides of the above “optical ions) in such glasses mostly based on is a vital material for the construction window” correspond to a sensible purest form of silica-glass can be set of buildings that satisfies the age-old spectral part of the human ‘eye’ is due as an example of ‘toxic impurity’. desire of human beings for housing. to the electronic transition from the Light or optics is somehow intimately There are also several facets of lower valence band (which is mostly related to glass science and technology application in this particular field. It filled with electrons) to the upper due mainly to the transparency of is assuming more significance in the conduction band (which is mostly glass [2]. This is due to transmission present age of energy conservation, empty) with a cut-off in the U.V. and of light through a given piece of glass. or rather environmentally conscious due to atomic vibrations between If the light is partly transmitted and design concepts of energy-efficient the constituent cations with oxygen partly absorbed, then depending on buildings both for residential and anions (e.g. Si-O, B-O, P-O, etc. the wavelength of the light absorbed

32 Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 www.aigmf.com by the glass that again depends on the For example, for a relative site of Fe3+ which produces a ‘colour hue’ more impurities, there is a sensation in our we get: or less uniform as ‘grey tinge; rather than a very well-defined colour. eyes and we see the glass coloured. Fe3+ + e Ò Fe2+ If the sensation lies within a particular There is another way of creating The solarised colour centre is thus wavelength of light in the VIBGYOR such defects or colour centres. This stabilized and the glass tends to have a scale, say, e.g., in the green wavelength is done by bombardment of the glass violet type colour due to the presence range, then we see the glass coloured piece by ‘energetic’ particles – or, by of Mn3+ ions that is observed in case as ‘green’; likewise for other colour the irradiation by X-rays or Gamma- of ancient glasses which was observed wavelength ranges. However, there rays (more energetic). This produces due to a prolonged exposure to is also a possibility of scattering of a modification of transmission that Sunlight. light by the small particles suspended could be suppressed by a heat- intentionally within the glass matrix Silicate Glasses strongly reduced and treatment or annealing of glass, i.e. 2+ 4+ that give rise to the opaqueness in the containing Eu and Ti ions develop known as “thermal whitening”. Thus, glass that gives rise to opal glasses. colour centres under the action of the atomic mobility becomes sufficient Here, we are mainly concerned with the photons, which progressively for the restoration of a structure that optical absorption, i.e. opposite to the disappears as the source of light is not disturbed. transmission. is removed. These glasses are This progressive modification of denominated under the name When the rays of light or light waves transmission under irradiation can be “photo-chromic glasses”. In this case, pass through a piece of glass, two detrimental for some applications, the following reaction is given as: things could happen as shown below: such as nuclear materials, spatial 2+ 4+ 3+ 3+ 1) Some part of light are transmitted Eu + Ti Ò Eu +Ti technological, etc. and it is always through the glass piece, and The colour centre responsible advisable to avoid such consequences. The other cases by contrast is that of (2) Some part (maybe a smaller for coloration is due to the ion 3+ a situation, whereby one intentionally part) may be absorbed by the Ti . There are other examples looks for ‘variable transmission’ for glass depending on the presence of “photochromism” due to the special types of lenses, and glasses for of impurities (intentional or fine crystalline particles that are radiation dosimeters. unintentional?) in the glass, i.e. uniformly dispersed in the entire glass matrix. This is the reason, why we transition metal ions, such as Fe, Mn, Colour due to Suspended talk about uniformity of colour and Cr, etc. Particles Ú homogenization. If the glass contains Colour Centres Ú such particles homogeneously The glass consists of a “special” distributed throughout the entire medium for a ‘precipitation reaction’ Prolonged exposure of a piece of piece of glass, then the colour due that are highly variable under the glass to the U.V. portion of solar to such effect will be uniform and influence of ‘heat-treatment’ or from radiation produces coloration due to the glasses would not be rejected for the reaction of light, i.e. known as a change in valence state of certain customer appeal. photo-sensitivity. There are examples ions or a mixture of ions. This is of commercial utilization of this the phenomenon of “solarisation”. This colour could result from the phenomenon in the glass industry, If the glass contains Fe and Mn ions absorption of light (i.e. photons) by where value-addition is an important as impurities, one could have the interaction with the electrons that consideration. following ionic reaction: are not associated with any specific metal ion, but are trapped inside the The ions of some expensive metals, Mn2+ + hv Ò Mn3++ e- glass matrix as defects or faults due such as Cu, Au, Ag, Pt dissolved in the Where, h is the Planck’s constant and to some broken bonds in the glass glass could be reduced to a metallic v is the frequency of the concerned structure network, etc. The variety state. Normally, as it is well-known “band”. The energy (hv) is a photon of sites for trapping inside the glass that mostly ‘oxides’ of different metals of U.V. and an ejected electron matrix gives rise to the transition that are added in the glass for dissolution that will be trapped or blocked is generally distributed in an uniform during melting, and these metals then somewhere inside the glass structure. manner over the entire spectrum remain within glass structure network

Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 33 linked to oxygen bonds like silicon of heat-treatment above annealing the theory of Mie. The corresponding atoms as Si – O bonds, boron as B-O point of the glass, where some ions absorption around 396 nm has been bonds, etc. can change its position even without utilized in the study of scattering of This is normally done by incorporating disturbing its normal site within the hydrogen in the glass doped with certain ‘reducing’ additives to the structure - but relaxing the “stress” silver that serves as a ‘tracer’. glass composition, such oxides of tin related to the change of size of the The reduction of Cu+, Au2+, and Ag0 (SnO2) giving rise to divalent tin ions ions. ions could be effected by the ‘photo- (Sn2+) or antimony (Sb2O3) coming During the course of heat-treatment, sensitivity’ reaction by incorporating from trivalent antimony ions (Sb3+). it produces a kind of agglomeration of small quantity of 0.05% of ‘photo- For example, the most celebrated gold atoms. First of all, colloidal gold reducing’ elements to the glass, e.g. coloured glass is “ruby glass” is produced and then small crystals cerium ions in the form of CeO2. containing gold particles. This type of gold atoms are dispersed in the Under the action of irradiation by of glass is fabricated by adding a small system. Initially, the glass is colourless U.V. at room temperature, there is fraction of gold – 0.01 to 0.02% by and it then takes the form of bright an emission of an electron from the weight. The glass thus made is heated “ruby” colour during the heat- cerium ions as: at a higher temperature, i.e. higher treatment – that is called “striking”. Ce3+ + hv ÒCe4+ + e- than the annealing point, and the gold This kind of lively “ruby” colour ions are then reduced as: This will serve the purpose of reducing results from the ‘interaction’ of light a mono-valent Cu+ ion added in the Au3+ +3e- Ò Au0 (i.e. photon) with the metallic colour glass as: So, for a trivalent gold ion, one needs thus produced within the system due Cu+ + e- Ò Cu0 3 extra electrons as shown above. to the presence of finer particles of These extra electrons are then gold. It is not due to a phenomenon The Cu atoms serve as a centre of supplied by the reaction: of scattering, but through the nucleation for the formation of small absorption of light by the “gold sol”. crystals of metallic copper and a Sn2+ Ò Sn4+ +2e- This formation of “ruby” colour is simple heat-treatment could produce Or, theoretically guided by the famous a colouration in the irradiated parts Sb3+ Ò Sb5+ +2e- “theory of Mie” [5] by using the well- of the glass. From such a range of known Maxwell equation. Doremus ‘photo-sensitive’ glasses containing This is produced during the course has suggested that this phenomenon Cu+, Au2+, and Ag0 ions, it is possible is due to the “resonance effect” to make a real photography by using of plasma, whereby the electrons the exposure or sensitization to collectively oscillate at a characteristic the U.V. light – followed by heat- frequency of the particles – whose treatment at a temperature of 500- dimension is around 200 Armstrong 600 oC. The application of this process [6]. has a deep-rooted implication in the It should be pointed out that similar glass industry for nucleation of small crystals for making various items of Fig. 1: Typical Drinking Glasses made of absorption is produced in the glass ‘glass-ceramics’. Ruby Glass due to the presence of silver in ‘solid solution’. The Ag+ ions initially In the glass, it is possible to precipitate dissolved in the glass produce no small crystals of silver halide (e.g. AgI, colour that could be reduced by AgCl, AgBr, etc.) and thus obtain the electrons supplied by other transparent glass with the property ions to metallic (Ag0) – the atoms of ‘photochromism’. Typical glasses in this case being ‘fluorescent’. The are alkaline boro-alumino-silicate agglomeration of silver atoms at the containing these silver halides in the colloidal state makes ‘fluorescence’ form of small crystals of dimension Fig. 2: A typical Ruby Glass Christmas disappear, but in its place provokes a of 80 to 150 Armstrong. The space Flower Vase yellowish colour that is explained by between these dispersed particles

34 Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 www.aigmf.com is around 1000 Armstrong. The upto 300,000 cycles: darkening- a Sustainable Building and chemical composition of glass, whitening. This is in contrast to Packaging Material", published the homogeneity, the size of such organic photo-chromic materials and printed by Vinit Kapur on behalf of AIGMF, New Delhi, particles, and the heat-treatment that show progressive degradation (March, 2016). influence the ‘sensitivity’ of the (i.e. aging). These glasses find their kinetic process of ‘darkening’ and application in lenses. 2. A. K. Bandyopadhyay, "Transparency in Float Glasses their return to normal state. It should and some Applications", Kanch, CONCLUSION be noted that the addition of copper Vol. 2[3], (2014), 23-26. ions increases the ‘sensitivity’ of such Colours in special types of photo- 3. A. K. Bandyopadhyay, glasses to the light. chromic glasses have been described "Technology of Float Glasses", with mechanism for their interaction This kind of system works like a Kanch, Vol. 5[3], (2012), 33-36. with light. This type of glass has reversible ‘plate of photography’: 4. A. K. Bandyopadhyay, Coloured a vast utility in solarisation. The Absorption of one photon provokes Glasses: A Part of the Theoretical mechanism of another type of colour dissociation to Ag and halogen ions. Aspect - Part I, Kanch, Vol. 5[4], for suspended particles within glass The metallic silver (Ag0) absorbs the (2018), 7-11. matrix has also been described along light and gives rise to a grey colour 5. G. Mie, Ann. Phys., with various applications. The latter to the glass. By contrast to the usual “Contribution to the Optics shows some path for a very important ‘photosensitive’ layer in photography, of Cloudy Media, specially of fabrication of glass-ceramics due Colloidal Metal Solutions”, 25, these pair of ions could recombine to nucleation of small particles (1908), 377. when light is suppressed that embedded inside the glass. provokes the ‘whitening. 6. R. H. Doremus, J. Chem Phys., “Optical Properties of Small The systems are perfectly reversible REFERENCES Silver Particles”, 40, (1964), and do not show the sign of ‘fatigue’ 1. A. K. Bandyopadhyay, "Glass - 2389 

Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 35 Focus India On the Spot… Rajesh K Khosla Announcing plans to enhance production capacity by 100% during the next phases of an ambitious investment programme, Rajesh Khosla, President and CEO of AGI glaspac, spoke exclusively to Glass Worldwide about the company’s growth, current market trends and the performance of glass versus competitive packaging in India.

GW: What are the prevailing market conditions for the hollow sector in India and what are your forecasts for the next 12 months? There is a temporary slowdown in the general market, owing to the local political conditions and muted consumer sentiments. The hollow sector, too, is not insulated and is going through a brief period of calmness. The Indian government is taking the necessary steps to drive up the investment, boost liquidity, restore consumer confidence and bring back the bullishness in the economy. We foresee good growth in the alcoholic beverage and pharmaceutical segments in the coming year and estimate 9% to 10% growth in the Both AGI glasspac plants have started using natural gas in their furnaces. container glass market in India. GW: How is legislation from the Indian government GW: How have other political GW: Are any markets performing influencing the performance of glass versus climates such as the China-USA better than others and if so, what competitive packaging such as plastic? trade war affected prospects for is the driving force? The initiative by the government to phase out single use the Indian glass sector? Yes. The alcoholic beverages segment is plastics has been commended, in general, by the public. But In the age of globalisation, no performing better than other segments the impact of the same on glass sales is yet to be realised. For country or market is insulated such as food and soft drinks. The alcoholic beverages, which is our major user segment, glass from the global political climate liquor and wine segment benefitted is already a preferred packaging material and is being used and India is no exception to that. from an extended winter this year and extensively. In the food and soft drinks segment, which is a The US adventure in Iran affects contributed positively to glass bottle high potential market for packaging materials, the switch from global crude supplies and has an sales. On the other hand, the crop yield plastic to alternate packaging materials is happening at a slow impact on the profitability of glass this year has been low, as most of it was pace. Similarly, pharmaceutical companies are yet to make up in India. The China-USA trade war damaged due to heavy rainfalls in some their mind on glass replacing plastics. In the long-term, I expect is also expected to affect the Indian parts of the country, while also affecting that most segments will follow the consumer preference of industry but its impact on glass demand for jars in the food segment. sustainable packaging, thus benefitting the hollow sector. would be a fraction of that, as the glass business is very cost-sensitive and freight becomes a major cost element when transporting over long distances.

GW: How would you summarise the performance of AGI since our interview last year? The past year has been a very positive and promising one. We have launched new designs, resolved bottlenecks that were limiting our capacity and improved operational indicators. Looking forward, we have plans to invest in greenfield and brownfield expansion and double Future plant investments will see manufacturing capacity increased by 100%. our capacity.

Originally published in Glass Worldwide, preferred international journal of AIGMF

36 Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 www.aigmf.com Focus India

GW: What are the significant movements in Indian consumer trends and how well positioned is AGI to adapt accordingly moving forward? Indian consumer taste is evolving. The demography is shifting towards the young. They are educated, have higher disposable income and are striving for a lifestyle that is on par with international standards. They are sensitive to the environment and prefer a sustainable product. AGI, with its in-house design team and R&D capability, is well equipped and abreast of evolving trends and preferences; and would be first among equals in meeting customer expectations. A series of greenfield and brownfield investment projects are planned.

GW: Have you been particularly pleased with any recent product innovations launched by AGI? Yes, we had a good year. The new design launches were well received and appreciated by our customers. The drive towards reducing bottle weight has been a mutually beneficial PREFERRED INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL initiative and is bringing good returns to us and to customers. This year, we have launched two special types of AIGMF online library of bottles: • Hollow decoration bottle, where Glass Worldwide articles the design is clearly visible but Over 60 articles covering the activities of The All India Glass Manufacturers’ Federation and cannot be felt when the container member companies are available for FREE download from the AIGMF website, including: is emptied. Indian market reports: architectural processed glass, container glass, float glass, • Anti-depression (negative ion) optical fibre, pharmaceutical, raw materials, refractories, specialty glass and tableware. bottle: The most important benefit Exclusive interviews with figureheads from:AGI glaspac, Adarsh Kanch Udyog, Asahi India Glass (AIS), of AGI’s negative ions is that they Borosil, Ceracon, Empire Industries-Vitrum Glass, Gerresheimer, Gold Plus Glass Industry, HNG, La Opala, Mascot, Piramal Group, Pragati Glass, Saint-Gobain India, SGD Pharma India and many more! clear the air of airborne allergens such as pollen, mould spores, bacteria and viruses. Negative ions perform this function by attaching themselves to positively charged particles in large numbers and negatively charging those particles.

GW: Are any further product launches already planned for this year? Yes, we have a few product launches Visit the AIGMF online library planned this year and some of them of Glass Worldwide articles at are already in the pipeline. Our thrust is towards strengthening the in-house www.aigmf.com design and R&D capability, so you will be seeing more innovations from us in the future.

GW: Is the company taking any specific measures to control energy, raw materials and other production costs? The company is very particular about its cost of production and believes that each cost should be accounted for For weekly news update and highlights of the latest issue and nothing should go to waste. We of Glass Worldwide, visit www.glassworldwide.co.uk are entering into long-term contracts

GW AIGMF A4 Advert.indd 1 15/07/2019 13:23

Originally published in Glass Worldwide, preferred international journal of AIGMF 22 Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 2 | July-September 2019

Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 37 Focus India

AIGMF/Glass Worldwide co-operation Glass Worldwide is the preferred international journal of the All India Glass Manufacturers’ Federation (AIGMF), in association with Kanch, providing the Indian sub-continent with the best possible forum for the exchange of news and views between glass manufacturers and their suppliers. Glass Worldwide shares the AIGMF’s goals of promoting the Indian glass sector to a domestic and global audience, as well as informing Indian glass professionals of all developments from other regions. Rajesh Khosla, a member of the AIGMF executive committee, lists the main benefits of this exclusive co-operation: • To encourage, promote and develop the manufacture of glass articles of all kinds and to safeguard and protect the interests of the glass industry and glassware business in India. • To form a common link among glass manufacturers in India and thus develop a spirit of mutual help and co-operation with one another. • To promote study and research in glass technology. • To consider all matters relating to the manufacture and marketing of glass articles in India and the question of exports and imports. • To devise ways and means for securing necessary supply of raw materials required for the manufacture of glass articles at comparatively lower prices and thus to reduce the cost of production and increase the national wealth. • To collect necessary information and data and propagate it for the benefit of the glass industry and trade in India. The Anti-depression (negative AGI glasspac’s Hollow • To make representations whenever necessary to the Union ion) bottle development decoration bottle innovation. Government or any unit of the Union of India for the removal of difficulties that might hamper the trade of glass articles or for the granting of special facilities for the glass industry. on account of human inefficiency and equip us with a lot of • To organise a united front on behalf of all glass manufacturers and thus process data that can be analysed for further improvements. strive to gain all those advantages that may not be possible through Our intention is to extend digitisation to our customers and individual efforts. suppliers as well.

GW: How important are your suppliers of production technology and machinery in reaching the company’s goals? We believe in maintaining a sustainable business relationship with our suppliers. They are very important and are an integral part of our business strategy.

with our suppliers so that they have As stated earlier, we are enhancing our GW: How useful was glasspex INDIA 2019 in Mumbai visibility and we get the best price production capacity by 100%. last September for meeting your international and guaranteed sustained supply. An The investment is planned in two suppliers and what was achieved? energy audit of the plants is being phases and will be spread over a Glasspex INDIA 2019 was fantastic for AGI glaspac. carried out to identify and plug the number of years. Our stand attracted many visitors and suppliers from energy leakages. Now, both of our more than 10 countries and from companies involved in plants have started using natural gas GW: Will there be any further glass production, processing and finishing technology, in the furnaces and are substituting increases in capacity and are measurement and control engineering, tools, replacement, for a part of the alternate less green any specific investment projects auxiliary, equipment fittings, contracting, consulting, fuel in our energy mix. To harness the already underway or planned for engineering, research and teaching, trade literature, advances in technology, the company the coming months? trade associations and many more. We have built many has plans to invest 130 Crs in the The additional capacity will be added strong relationships with our suppliers and discussed their technology upgrade. through both greenfield projects and contributions to AGI glaspac. brownfield expansions. The major GW: How successful have addition will be from new facilities GW: And what did the parallel 13th International investments in production facilities planned in two phases. Phase one will Conference of the AIGMF add to proceedings? proved to be in recent times? add 400 tonnes/day and phase two This was a high profile content-driven conference that We have generated favourable returns will add 350 tonnes/day capacity. highlighted key issues and developments by industry on investments. As mentioned earlier, experts. I compliment the complete AIGMF team and we have plans for further technology GW: Are you investing in digital Dave Fordham of Glass Worldwide for his exceptional upgrades and investment in building platforms to assist the production moderation. l new capacities. capabilities? Yes, we are working on automation, Further information: GW: What is your strategy for IoT, Industry 4.0, smart manufacturing AGI glaspac, Hyderabad, India further investments in AGI’s and digitalisation fronts. It will web: www.agi-glaspac.com manufacturing plants? standardise processes, minimise errors

Originally published in Glass Worldwide, preferred international journal of AIGMF

38 Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020

Glass Production and Sustainability

The production of glass or molten high quality of the finished HIGH DUST POLLUTION glass, to be precise, is doubtlessly products according to the Federal ASSOCIATED WITH very energy-intensive. The approx. Association of the Glass Industry PRODUCTION 6,800 tons of glass produced in (BundesverbandGlasindustriee.V. On top of this, glass melting also Germany in 2015 consumed almost (BV Glas)). Against this backdrop a produces fine dust as a result of 18.50 terawatt hours of energy. By constant energy supply of sustained waste gas scrubbing and fine grains comparison: in 2019 the entire power quality is imperative because glass when reclaiming cullet. In Germany generation in Germany amounted to production is a non-intermittent the percentage of waste glass reused some 607 terawatt hours. Almost process 24/7, 365 days a year. ranges from roughly 60% for white 273 million tons of CO2 were emitted In the wake of the on-going glass to almost 95% for green glass. As just from power generation in this energy transition and desired a matter of principle, glass is a material country. decarbonisation, various alternatives that can be recycled 100% time and At 44% container glass accounted to natural gas are currently being again without any loss of quality. considered and studied. In Germany, for slightly less than half the energy The resulting dust, however, could not for example, one container glass consumed in glass production. be molten and used for production so producer will build the first hybrid Approx., 29% of energy was used for far because this would have caused oxy-fuel melting tank, which can manufacturing flat glass and another plenty of dust in the combustion be operated with 80% renewable 11% for processing it. The remaining and regenerator chambers and, energies. The aim is to save 50% CO consumption was accounted for 2 hence, led to process disruptions and emissions in melting. The project was by fibreglass and special glass damage to the plants. As part of an initiated by the European container production. The lion’s share of energy environment innovation programme, glass industry and is funded by the EU. required at just under 80% takes a solution was found for this and a BV Glas has launched a project on the the shape of process heat, which is plant was funded at a Bavarian glass national level that looks at whether predominantly obtained from natural manufacturer for the beverage and hydrogen is suitable (Power to X) gas. Additionally, electricity is needed food industry. In this plant the fine for being added to, or even replacing for electrically propelling machines dust is compacted into briquettes and natural gas. Even the use of biogenic and electric boosting for melting. then introduced fully automatically fuels based on biogas, for example, into the melting tank with cullet and In glass production temperatures could be considered but is challenging primary raw materials. This reduces must be kept constant. This is the due to the high demands made and waste by some 25,000 tons annually only way to ensure the sustained need for consistent quality. and saves about the same amount of primary raw materials. Just as important as climate protection and sustainability including compliance with the Paris Climate Accord is, of course, maintaining competitiveness and/or the further economic growth of this industry. To reconcile both of these objectives there are various strategies and concepts such as the “IN4climate.NRW” initiative launched by the North Rhine-Westphalian government or the energy efficiency network “GlasNET 2.0”, a network of companies in the glass industry under Looking at these red-hot glass bottles it is evident that glass production is highly the umbrella of the Energy Efficiency energy-intensive. Photo: Federal Association of the Glass Industry Network of the Federal Government.

40 Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 www.aigmf.com

SHORT-TERM FINETUNING OF In the mid-1990s ZME RECYCLING PROCESSES Elektronik Recycling GmbH A crucial component for improving already commissioned a environmental protection and plant that could sort up to sustainability is a continued expansion 500,000 tubes and allocate of the recycling industry. Here, the the materials to the respective aspect of resource savings also comes glass types for further into play. Despite fully operational reclamation. The plant was material cycles glass recycling still has something special because some fields that require exploring systems for treating and from scratch. A case in point is the cleaning cathode ray tubes, following example of a large-scale so-called decoating lines, plant erected to break down cathode were not available as standard ray tubes from TV sets. solutions in machinery and The input materials for glass production: 60% cullet, 29% sand, 5% soda, 4.5% lime, 1.5% The introduction of modern plant engineering. The experience gained back then dolomite and feldspar. Illustration: Federal displays using LCD, LED, plasma Association of the Glass Industry served as a blueprint for and 3D technology entailed a rapid input for re-melting and therefore engineering a bigger and more modern replacement of old CRT TV sets and saves between 10% and 15% of monitors over the past years – and, plant commissioned in 2007. the heating energy required. What’s hence, over 160,000 tons of used The aim of television tube recycling more, meaningful recycling helped sets per year. Today, there are only was to retain the raw materials to remove television tube glass from small quantities of CRT sets being included in the glass matrix such as other “recycling paths” such as road discarded but in this day and age we lead, barium, strontium etc. Today, building or construction and also are confronted with the question of these raw materials are increasingly rendered landfill superfluous. how to find a meaningful exploitation extracted and the tubes are practically This example shows that practically of the coated glass tubes that are de-coated. Reusable picture tube every technical development requires usually treated as hazardous waste. glass only requires a very low energy its own recycling concept 

Products Specific to Glass: Selenium 99.5%, Selenium 99.9%, Sodium Selenite, Zinc Selenite, Sodium Selenate, Arsenic Trioxide, Cobalt Oxide minimum 72%.

Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 41 Heye Ranger 2 – Camera Check Detection at its Best Check detection is one of the most important quality inspections in container glass production. The HiSHIELD Ranger 2 has been developed to fulfill the customer‘s quality expectations and it is fully available in every country.

FULLY MODULAR AND is therefore SCALABLE SYSTEM able to detect A Ranger 2 system consists of one different camera, collecting five images variations of simultaneously via five lenses and fiber checks, as well optic image guides, the illumination as to recognize unit and the control unit with the new variations software for image processing, of them during including the decision “container okay production. or not okay”. Based on the budget and Apart from needs of the glass plant, you can start advanced with one system and add any number camera and of parallel systems whenever you non-contact want. A typical and recommended available or not adjusted optimally, solutions, configuration would be four parallel the others are still fully operational. smart data is the key. The systems, each dedicated to and HeyePlantPilot collects and aggregates optimized for one of the following INTELLIGENT CLOUD MASKING – SELF LEARNING production data in the plant. The types of checks: SYSTEMS borders between Hot End and Cold End will disappear, information is • horizontal Every container produced must be shared on the spot. Tracking and • shoulder regarded as a unique object and tracing as well as the possibility of • vertical any check detection concept has to creating user-specific analysis are • bottom respect this. For this reason each additional components, allowing Each system runs independently and Ranger 2 system is using Heye’s continuous improvement processes does not need to be synchronised Intelligent Cloud Masking (ICM). to increase productivity. Self-learning with the others. So there is no Bearing in mind that each article is systems are one of the cornerstones influence or need to compromise distinctive, the Ranger 2 system is of Industry 4.0. The Ranger 2 camera between the systems. This allows an designed to investigate each one check detection proves to be the individual optimisation of all settings independently. Accordingly, it is not best solution in the market. Heye’s (illumination etc.) for the respective necessary to teach the detection clear and innovative product strategy, type of check. If one system is not system, but each container serves as integrating latest camera solutions, a time saving remains unchanged reference  for itself. Moreover, Further information: the inspection Mr. Peter Witthus zones are Marketing at Heye International GmbH dynamic Lohplatz 1, 31683 Obernkirchen, Germany in nature. Telephone: + 49 (0)5724 26-0 Fax: + 49 (0)5724 26-539 The Ranger Email: [email protected] 2 system

42 Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 April - June 2020 - Issue will carry detailed coverage of the AIGMF Executive Committee Meetings, Technical Articles, Glass News, other supported Events and more. To book advertisement space, mail to [email protected] by June 20, 2020.

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Kanch | Vol. 7 | No. 4 | January-March 2020 43

See Your Happiness Through Gold Plus Glass

Gold Plus Glass Industry Limited

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www.goldplusgroup.com | www.fb.com/goldplusglass | [email protected] Regd. No. R.N. DELBIL/2013/51338 Quarterly Journal of The All India Glass Manufacturers’ Federation, 812 New Delhi House, 27 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi – 110001, INDIA | [email protected]