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Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature

Zeitschrift/Journal: Stapfia

Jahr/Year: 2012

Band/Volume: 0096

Autor(en)/Author(s): Oberwinkler Franz

Artikel/Article: Evolutionary trends in 45-104 ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Evolutionary trends in Basidiomycota

FRANZ OBERWINKLER*

Abstract ! " aP!% !"&' ! "" ( )" " )\" )"!""+ !!N -! " '" .!" "aPaP %"" " "\N /! " )!!2"'""/" -!" 3") aP&" +N-"" 6

Zusammenfassung2)89) !!%.!) !2)=!"%! '!!>!"%"

!") a2)P"!)82)" &)"!> 2)8!") >)82)"363" ?>93 '!)>)' !/']))8

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | 45 ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

)!'!"=+2! 8!" )'!I)" )""(")8 "!(!)JN 82)=)' )"(!" "2])"! .".6)8)?)" aPaP)( %6?=3) !!2)3)%%6)) )=!)!>N=% !%=%9 >!"2)K%]) -!8%)=])" 9!(!)"(!) ?"69K)/6(!) L3!69"8 2)"/E 2])%"=I %!(!)]!)J ')!(N"K)) "%>)8 !!'" N-!!6) !

Key words"""

*&)!M6

/!"I"(G"NOPNQ"K

INTRODUCTION ! a9(6 !6 2)" (6 -36 6 ) P" !66!] a! 3 /!6 P ] ]" - " !" Phytophthora % 6 6 " 6 ! + 6 " " \ E" ! ]" 6 a P DE BARY (1884) " " 6 ( a()P F'GH

46 | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 1\! FHF!H "&'"" )!]"()F(H )'"/"3!" =&F. OBERWINKLER.

OG" PN GVPP6GNPP(6 Arabidopsis thali- Phytophthora infestans 6 anaKURAMAEFOPPQH HAMPLFOPPUH" )"+6 \ 6! 6 &' N a 6!" 6 6 & ' F' OH /6! \PCAV- 6 6 ALIER-SMITH FOPGPH" \ 6 + FLUTZONIOPPR"JAMES N- PARFREY OPPQ" HIBBETT OPPN" STAJICH !"BALDAUF FOPGGH OPPU" WANG OPPUH 3" FOPPSH \ " 6 (6 " I! 6 +" /! ) FT L! + ()H".=6F.6 )] 6 )" " =H ! ! FLEFÈVRE OPPNH" /"a GOPP() &FJONES

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | RN ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 2&'6 !UPP6GOPP(FH- ]. &'!LIUFOPPQH" ]K !"6 &F. OBERWINKLER

OPGGH"6 SO 2" F Copri- LN " nus) cinereus bicolor FITZPATRICK "WANG FOPPQHWRV"SOU FOPPUH"GPPX6 + + RO6 " L a 6 \ 6 "6 ) + " J6 6 6 " =6 - " Puc- !P 2)) cinia graminis (CUOMO & BIRREN OPGPH N = roseus 26 GPPX ' 6 " maydis Coprinopsis cinereus, Sac- Ustilago maydis, Crypto- globosa I" Cryp- charomyces cerevisiae Schizosac- coccus neoformans, tocococcus neoformans C. gattii charomyces pombe, BURNSFOPGPH , Coprinopsis F Co- " Phanerochaete chrys- prinus) cinereus 6 osporium placenta VPPNUPP

48 | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 3&\&'/!)!&6 &]=J6 K3" FDEN BAKKEROPGPH6 )/"Geosiphon pyriforme"!Nostoc6 " / 6)6 FLUTZONIOPPGH )) )" /F. OBERWINKLER

& 6 6 Evolutionary trends: ! 3"RPP( . &" Pa- !6 leopyrenomycites devonicus (TAYLOR KY TAYLOR & BERBEE FOPPQH OPPVH" ]Z] VP =" %Z OV" LÜCKING /ZZ FOPPUH Y6 6 6 Paleopyrenomycites6 ] NQP 6 68Y( 6 (GPQ"&"J6 &6 OPP( K 6 +"6 Y QPP6NPP(" + RPP(" VPP6QVP(

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | RU ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 4!"a'!86 RPP3Asteroxylon !6FHb- !d-L !eL6 "caTAYLOR FGUUUH/F. OBERWINKLER

Dikarya " (KNIEP GUOSH ) 6 6 8!+ gallica ! F' WH HODNETT & ANDERSON FOPPPH I 6 ! 3" " ] -6 ! ! 6 !"6 ! ! ANDERSON & KOHN (2007) " ! " 6 6 ! !" " -"6 6 !6 -

50 | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 5: saponariae" FH/F. OBERWINKLER

"!6 ! " ! " )!6 FOH FOBER- FBULLERGUWP"GUWGH" FWH WINKLER GUNSH N FQUINTANILHA 1937, FR"VH"6 RAPER 1966)-" FQHL 6 6 6 " 6 FANDERSON & KOHN 2007). 6 WG"PPP - F'R"V"H" (KIRKOPPSH36 " L +)! F GÄUMANN FPRIN- GUQRH GLEOPPVH= YANGFOPGGH " F' R H aL P" Basidiomycota Sporobolomy- Evolution of morphological ces (KLUYVER & VAN NIELGUOR"GUONH" structures 6 (NYLANDGURUH" ) 6 = F'R""H N - ! " " ! + " !" FGH" \ 6

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | 51 ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 6: subovata (aHC. lactea (b6fHab=6 +FHc2 d8 e>)f!66 FH\OP3GP3/F. OBERWINKLER

6 % \ 6 ) HONIGBERG FOPGGH =66 6 " \6 6 ] 6 = ! 6 L " 6 "]6 )6 - ! Evolutionary trends in BREFELDFGSSG"GSSSH"\ basidiomycetous : ] 6 >Z Yeasts and dimorphic fungi N6 NZ ' 6 2" I6 "

VO | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

-!6 Morphology of hyphae and - L ! hyphal systems ! 6 \ 6 F' R" GH" 6 E !" " % GIMENO FGUUOH ! Saccharomyces cerevi- "6 ( 6 siae 6 Bensingtonia, Kurtz- FH ! manomyces, Rhodosporidium, Spo- " (ANDERSON & KOHN 2007) robolomyces, Sterigmatomyces ! ! 2 66 N (6 - 6 " " " Mixia osmundae (NISHIDA GUUVH" 6 (THOMPSONOPGGH 6 -"6 6 ! 6 annosum (KORHONEN . GUNS"CHASEGUSWHAgari- " ! 26 cus bisporus (RAPERGUNOH " (" 6 \Saccharomyces 3 "&"=6 cerevisiae ++6 " ( FCUL- &+ -"" LEN & SPRAGUE 2012). 3" ! !&" ) &" 6 " 2 36 (ANDERSON & KOHN 2007). 3"6 =" ) =)! FGIRBARDT 1957, 1969; STEINBERG 2007; JONES & SUDBERY " ! -I 2010H " 6 !6 K " 6 3" 6" -"I6 " ! " " Malassezia Tilletiopsis 8 "6 -" " =6 !" ! 6 ] 6 " ". F'Q""HNK " " '" Evolutionary trends in .F'RUH &\ 6 basidiomycetous hyphae !6 and hyphal systems: " 2F'GW" , " Cryptotri- RWH"3F'ROH " 3!Z6 chosporon, Z!Z . F' RUH 6 "6 3Z (CORNER GUWOH ^ 6 -6BASS 3ZZ FOPPNH!6 =! 36Z!6 6! 2I6 3Z 6 Z "6 &" 3Z6 6 + Z F' NH = 6 ,6 &Z (CORNER GUQQH

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | VW ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 7( !

" FREADHEAD GUSNH "6 % 6 & "\ " 6 !6 2 6 Oudemansiella 6 YANGFOPPUH6 6 " 6! 6 6 " 6 - " 6 FSTAJICH "6 OPGPH WN6 " 6 + "FB Meiosporangia AUER GW6 & OBERWINKLERGUSQ"H6 6 =6 &!26 "!6 " I6 F' W" R WH 8 " 6 " 6 - 8 " 6 6 + +

54 | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 8="a " b Heterogastridium"2 c Microbotryum"(3I d " f " g e>6 3 h " i " j g=(/2BLANZ/F. OBERWINKLER

Evolutionary trends in " =" 6 basidial morphology: F' UH 6 - 2 ] Chionosphaera 6 Pachnocybe 2Z 3"6 \ (6 6 !6 Z +6 ! = (6 6 % ZZ !F'GP"GU"OR"WQH " 6 =6 EZ " 6Z!6F6 H 6 6 FOBERWINKLER GUSOH /6 -I6 ") 2 I !" 2" I6 " 6 F'GP"OQ" " "6 WO"WW"WQ"WN"WUH

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | 55 ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 9(6 !

Evolutionary trends in 6 "6 basidial sterigmata and + \ release: 6 & 6 =ZZ Evolutionary trends in Z! N : =Z =RZOZG 6 N.6 =RZR =Z!Z Z =Z! 6 =Z Z "" Z =Z " " =ZZ6 F'S"LH =" "" "YZ6 6 F' R " " S " Basidiospores " L" WQ" RN H 6 6 ! I" " 6 6 6

56 | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 10=a " b " c " d neoformans/F. OBERWINKLER

6 "6 '6 \"" "6 . F' F'RUH+6 RUH") ! 6 MALENÇONFGUWGHa> 6 - 3 P")6 F'ROH6 6 6" !6 OBERWINKLERFGUNNH 6 \6 !6 - F'VOH" MILLER FOPPQH =" Gloeope- 6 niophora. 6 "\ 6! + " G FOPPNH ARNICA + Heterobasidion )6 -"6 + " 6 3" 6 E " Gloidon F'WQH" -6 " & F' WQH" 86 6 26 F' RPH F'RGH"Myxarium =6 .6 FWEISS & )"Boidinia / OBERWINKLER OPPGH!66 .6 2 I6 " -"

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | VN ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

'11 "\OBERWINKLERFGUNNH-33"26 "".."!"\ "\ %"6K\ ""8"I6 ""3)'"

6 Evolutionary trends in ( FBINDER \" & HIBBETT OPPQH basidiocarps: 6 6 Z6 + . Z""6 6 " ALBEE-SCOTTFOPPNH F' VOH Z6 66 romellii6 "" Macowanites americanus" Z6 \Gymnomyces " abietis" Z F Z „“ sylvestris My- GARCIA-SANDOVALOPGGH6 colevis siccigleba Leucophlebs spi- 9Z .6 nispora "

58 | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 12K6 K2I6 - /F. OBERWINKLER

Fig. 13: = Laccaria tortuosa (aH volvatus (b" cHEL. tortuosaC. volvatus/F. OBERWINKLER

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | VU ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 14=2a CryptomycocolaxF%TWORONIN6!H"b Gymnosporangi- umI c " d e Tremella" f Tulasnella" g " h - !Uthatobasidium(R. BAUER

" 6 F'RGH86 \ \ F'RPH " F' - " GWH" " " B - F' GOH ODEN 6 FOPPRH6 STEINER K GO \ 3 6 6 F/! GUNN" ' GGH " +

60 | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 15: Left=Cryptomycocolax abnormis(\OBERWINKLER & BAUER FGUUPHOBERWINKLER FGUUVH"( R. BAUER Right: (Ustilago maydis.\O’DONNELL & MCLAUGHLIN FGUSR"H

" ! 6 = = 6 6F2" 6! FH 6 ) HOSAKA OPPQH K" ! - 3"2 2 2" K 6 I 8 &" 6 =" &6 " " &6 ALBEE-SCOTTFOPPNH6 6 2 -I6 6 + ""Armil- ) - laria ( F26 6 H K" Evolutionary trends in 6 HENKELFOPGPH basidiomycetous septal 8" =6 pores: "" &6 K"K" Ultrastructural characters FVAN DRIELOPPUH =Z!6 6 Z Septal pores 6 2!Z & 3FVAN DRI- +aP 2Z6 ELOPPUH6 ]6 6

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | 61 ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Symplechosomes

Saccoblastia farinacea" BAUER & OBERWINKLER FGUUGH + " F' GQH '6 (BAUER OPPQH = Helico- gloea Saccoblastia 6 " Phleogena " hya- lina pinicola" OBERWINKLERFOPPQH N = 6 ! Fig. 16=!6! " 6 =!6 N F(H/.BAUER (KOTTKE OPPUH 3" =2 6) ""66 BORN- ENS & AZIMZADEH FOPPNH Evolution of trophic stages ] +6 " Spindlepole bodies 6 6 "6 )=2 = F=2H 6 " 6 =6 -"6 / !"Puccinia 6 malvacearum" O’DONNELL & MCLAUGH- =2 \ 6 LIN FGUSG""H"Ustilago maydis F'GNH O’DONNELL & MCLAUGHLIN FGUSR"H" 6 =2F'GVH F'GVH (=26 )Pachnocybe ferruginea (BAUER & OBERWINKLER GUUPH" Cryptomycoco- Evolutionary trends of lax abnormis (OBERWINKLER & BAUERGUUPH" Basidiomycota in trophic Differences of SPBs in Asco- (BERBEE GUUGH" stages: mycota and Basidiomycota Sphacelotheca polygo- (BAUER GUUGH" and evolutionary trends ni-serrulati (BAUER Agaricostilbum pulcherrimum (ZZ GUUOH ) =2 2Z =2!6!Z!6! 2 =2Z !6!"-" 2 - ' GN =2 ZN =2 " a6 N I P FWEISS OPPRH 26

QO | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 17 " (2"6 !2I3"6 &(T)"/.(T)` /F. OBERWINKLER

+ 2 % 6 " 2 I6 L 2 3" 2" FBAUER OPPRH" 6 ." " " " 6" ) (6 =6 66 FWEISS OPPRH 2 )/ ) (6 &" K" 36 Mycoparasitism 6 - 6 " " ." " " 86 6 6 " ! 26

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | QW ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 18(L&! 2&26 "Tuberculina+!& ! parasitica!\6 Tulasnella(.BAUER/F. OBERWINKLER

Evolutionary trends of BAUER & OBERWINKLER GUUGH" basidiomycetous interfungal Cryptomycocolax ab- \ normis F' GUH " cellular interactions: (OBERWINKLER & BAUERGUUPH& ! &6 " /!ZZ (6 2 Cryptomycocolax abnormis /!Z6 Crypto- (OBERWINKLER & BAUER GUUPH 8 6 mycocolax ! " /!Z(6 (" 6 " &6 " Colacosiphon, Colacosome fungi Evolutionary trends in cola- KIRSCHNER cosomes: FOPPGH = 6 =!"6 ")" " /Z6 KREGER-VAN F' OPH" Z6 RIJ & VEENHUISFGUNGHSporidiobolus peniophorae Z Atractocolax (KIRSCHNERGUUUH" (Platygloea p." OBERWINKLER GUUP" , ,

64 | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 19: Cryptomyco- colax abnormis6 a: Cirsium subcoriaceum - FbH (-)" &.c36 6 ` "Cryptomy- cocolax d 6 " 6 6 e= %6! /F. OBERWINKLER OBERWINKLER & BAUER FGUUPH

Fig. 20>&6 Cryptomy- cocolax abnormis (OBERWINKLER & BAUER GUUPH ./ 6 " Colacogloea peniophorae (BAUER & OBERWINKLER GUUGH 6 " 6 !

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | 65 ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 21: 6Heterogastridium pycnidioideum>"Hyalopycnis blepharistoma, 8./F. OBERWIN- KLEROBERWINKLER FGUUPH

Rhodosporidium (SAMPAIO OPPWH Tremelloid haustoria " Spiculogloea (LANGER & OBER- WINKLERGUUSH=" (BAUEROPPRH Hyalopycnis = " Zygogloea blepharistomaF'OGH6 " 6 \BANDONI & \ 26 OBERWINKLER FGUSGH" \ 6 " Heterogas- 6 tridium pycnidioideum, 6 (OBERWINKLER GUUPH" 6 Tremella F' OOH 6 )6 + 6 FBAUEROPPRH F' OW" ORH" Evolutionary trends in " 3 2" tremelloid haustoria: > Classicula&6 (" FBAUEROPPWH"Cystobasidium 6 - (SAMPAIO & OBERWINKLEROPGGHOccul- 26 ! tifur (OBERWINKLER GUUPH &6

66 | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 22: /Tremella "&L "" (+36 )\ ((\OBERWIN- KLER FOPPUH

6 "6 Intracellular haustoria with BAUERFOPPRH6 nanometer-fusion ""6 . ( + 6 3 " 2 I+ 6 Platygloea sebacea 6 Some additional myco- 6 " Naohidea parasitic interaction types (OBERWINKLER GUUPH BAUER FOPPRH FBAUER b 6 The micrometer-fusion type OPPRH - 6 " \FLUTZ

LUTZ FOPPR"H OPPRH"6 ) Naohidea 6 Tuberculina"

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | QN ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

68 | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Intracellular haustoria with \ unknown interaction F' GNH - 6 " Asterophora 2" Russula " 6 (" I6 "6 "2"3 36 . " "6 =\ Pucciniales (Uredinales), fungi IGV!6 ◀ (MATHENY Fig. 23: ( & GRIFFITH OPGPH & Tremella encephala Sterum 6 sanguinolentum S. paradoxa \ SPPP amianthinum Squama- 6 3 nita odorata ! 6 "Tremella mesophaeum (MONDIET " OPPNH"S. umbonataIno- 2 6 !6 cybe oblectabilis (VIZZINI & GIRLANDA GUUNH 6! !" MATHENY & GRIFFITH (OPGPH 6 \ Squamanita 6 ) " Tremella6 ( 6 /' 6 - OBERWINKLER 6 Squamanita6 6a PPuccinia graminis" ! !F'OQH ] 6 ) +"! ] \ FGH Evolutionary trends in "FOH parasitic : 6 ◀ !" FWH 6 : > Fig. 24 "FRH6 Christiansenia /Z pallida Phanerochaete cremea Z (! !" FVH . +\" &L ! 8! parasites " Evolutionary trends in rust ! 2 ! fungal host dependencies: !) -6 " 2FHZ 6 Z 6=\ "!""6 OBERWINKLERFGUSRH 3Z ""(

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | QU ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 25: ( a b6 c d" e f g/'OBERWINKLER

6 - 6 Abies 2 AIME FOPPQH 8 tor- + a 6 GÄUMANNFGUVUH"POELT & reyae " ^P FHART GUSSH ZWETKO FGUUNH"ZWETKO & BLANZ FOPPRH Mikronegeria 6 " alba, Blastospora smilacis, Hemileia \ vastatrix, cryptoste- 2 giae N - FSJAMSURIDZAL ! GUUU"MAIEROPPWH\ + 6 ""6 \

NP | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 26: "Puccinia graminisF-9H\(6 !FPH)!6 F-H-" \\/""F--H +!'"F---H "! /'OBERWINKLER.

Evolutionary trends in / (6"Puccinia aegopodii, P. malvacearum cycles: 6"Endocron- 6"Puccinia artium"Endophyllum graminis, ribicola FHZ6 Z TRANZSCHELS 6 6" 6 6P"-"--"---"-9Z " P"-"-"-"--"---"-9 6 Z /6"Gymno- /6P"-"---"-9Z /6" 6 6P"--"---"-9 rhododendri primulae-integrifoliae P"-Picea"--"---Rhodo- (!6FPH"---"-9 6"Frommea dendron 6FPH"-"-9 obtusa, uredinis, Tra- --- chyspora intrusa Picea

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | NG ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 27: 3"22!& "!=6 =\OBERWINKLERFOPPUHN PN2"-N "--NI"---N"-9NP6-9N" P6-9%!

Fig. 28: ZZTsu- ga,-FISCHER 1902, HUNTER 1936, MAYOR 1920, SAPPIN-TROUFFYGSUQ/'OBERWINKLER.

NO | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 29: .(!2 8Mikronegeria=EJ"2 E3Abies, Larix, Picea Tsuga-FISCHER 1902, HUNTER 1936, PADY 1933, SAPPIN-TROUFFYGSUQ"OBERWINKLER.

Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae6 Melampsora P"-Anemone"--"--- 6 6 Prunus !Populus 'OU(!6 Tranzschelia fusca--- Salix = = 2 Anemone N Mikronegeria " M. fagi Uromyces rumicisP"- " M. alba" ! "--"--- Ficaria Rumex '" Nothofagus!6 --- ! " 6 =FBUTINGUQU"PETERSON Ficaria & OEHRENS GUNSHM. P" " fagi Araucaria araucana" - "--"---2 .!6 M. alba Austrocedrus Puccinia mesnieriana chilensis CRANE & PETERSON FOPPNH ---Rhamnus " E Melampsora Melampsora farlowii Tsuga ca- J"M. fuchsiae"Phyl- nadensis T. caroliniana locladus L 6 E FHEPTING & TOOLE GUWUH excorticata, F. perscandens 2 F' OSH - F. magellanica 2 FMAIER 2003, PEI ! N Abies, 2005, AIMEOPPQH"Melampsora6 Larix, Pinus, Tsuga2 \ Larix!6

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | NW ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 30: E3] "!FGH2 Y!6 FOH3 Abies !Abies"=3 FW"RH+!"6 &.6(" 32"d"(E Gymnosporangium%Juniperus(+Gymno- sporangiumFV"QHPucciniaUromyces2 !"."& FNH(8"."&"/"" ""(FSHE6 "Uromyces'FUH!6 &"Carex,!\"6 /"2"I"&FParnassiaH"/"K( +Puccinia-Uromyces N"! ""Puccinia graminis""/'OBERWINKLER.

NR | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 31: =\22" -2" =2FBAUEROPPQH6 +26 !6Melampsora) Uredinopsis, Cronartium, Chrysomyxa, FBERNDTGUUQ"BERNDT & OBERWINKLERGUUNH& ""!UredinopsisCronartium, Chrysomyxa, ColeosporiumIChrysomyxa Coleosporium. Coleo- sporiumF---H Puccinia Gymnosporangium6PhragmidiumN' 22Eocronartium"" =/'OBERWINKLER.

N "NAOHIDE HIRATSUKAFGUONH6 Abies )aI Pucciniastrum ! !6 ! & 2 " +"6 Melampsorella 2 6 !" Pucciniastrum P6 2 ! " "6 /" ."3"(6 Thecapho- F=H" ra " " /6 Picea \ ! 6 - Pucciniastrum 6 F' OS" OU" WPH ' 6

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | NV ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 32: .2 JolaFHEocronartium Paraphelaria amboinensis= "Herpobasidium, Platycarpa, Ptechetelium, Insolibasidium&" \/'OBERWINKLER.

] 6 6 . Coleosporium F'WGH F'ONH /6 Cronartium ) Chrysomyxa 6 Picea6 \ 6 Pinus "6 2" (! 2 FMAIEROPPWH" > 6 ! " 6 Chrysomyxa abi- Puccinia, Uromyces, Endophyllum " K6 etis " /" 6 . '" " 26 F---H Coleospo- Phragmidium, Kuehneola, Triphrag- KCronar- rium3 mium . tium ribicola\6 Pinus Chrysomyxa, Coleospo- "6 rium, Cronartium, Gymnosporangium, 66 F" .6 Melampsora, Phragmidium Tran- 6 " /" >" zschelia,2 6 &" H DIETEL,

NQ | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 33: >Microbotryum violaceum-Microbotryum"F"H "FH "FHL" =\/'OBERWINKLER.

Plant parasites related to L Possible evolutionary trends rust fungi OBERWINKLER in plant parasites related to & B FGUSRH ANDONI rust fungi: Herpobasi- " 26 dium Platycarpa" Ptechetelium cyatheae" & " Insolibasidium deformans ZZ 6 &6 -" 6 ZZ Herpobasidium FAIME F'WOH"2 OPPNH" 2 Platygloea, Insolibasidium, Eocro- \ " " nartium, Jola. Herpobasidium, " Platycarpa, Ptechetelium Para- & phelaria " +

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | NN ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 34: =\Microbotryum"6 3"Microbotryum onopordi GNSP "-==6 6FH "(''FH"2&(FH"2/F H"KEMLERFOPPQH – Microbotryum pinguiculaePinguicula alpina, M. salviae (betonicaeHSalvia pratensis"M. tragopogonis-pratensis] Tragopogon pratensis2'OBERWINKLER.

Microbotryomycetes, false lago = smuts and related fungi 6 Micro- botryum 6 + ( 36 % Evolutionary trends in Micro- &" DEML & OBERWINKLER botryum: F FGUSOH"6 H" >6 6 Ustilago !6 =6 Ustilago violacea" ?FOPPQ"OPPUH " Microbotryum"6 32Z&6 LÉVEILLÉGSRN Z " ( = Microbotryum violaceum =Z]Z Z] 3\^Z " 6 6 F\HZ "MicrobotryumF'WWH Usti-

NS | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 35: aKriegeria eriophori Scirpus sylvaticus2 ] b'! /'OBERWINKLER

( 6 , true "6 ( smuts and related fungi "I 2 / Entorrhiza 6 Fallopia- 6 " " F &" Microbotryum 6 I6 HIBBETTOPPNH " / \" "6 "6 26 'WQ " >" >6 PRILLINGERFGUUP"GUUWH "8KEMLER et al. FOPPQH !" 26 Evolutionary trends in Usti- &" 6 laginomycotina: 6 (BAUER GUUN" OPPQH ) " ]Z! 6FBAUER 2ZZ^ + 6 GUUNH" ! 6 2 ) 6 F'WQH'" Z! 66 " + Z !\ Z! ! 6 6Z6 6 6

- V=.EFGOTT- =Z!( " ! BAUER fluitans"F'WVH"Glyce- SCHALK & BLANZ GUSVH FGUUN"OPPG"OPPSH"=ZBEGEROW ria fluitans"Kriegeria eriophori 2 FGUUN" OPPO" OPPR" OPPQH" Scirpus sylvaticusF'WVH"6 V=.E Z \ " 6 I & ! \"6 ] +

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | NU ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 362I"\BAUERFGUUNH )" ""I"I ."6 -"!6-()(6 .BAUER, 'OBERWINKLER

!I"(6 ) " I " K\" 6 6 2 " ' 6 ) I K\ 8 \! " F' WNH 6 6 KL6 - 2 8 2 ) I" Tolyposporella. 6 Y N ""6 6 K\" F' WNH" " I6 Tilletiaria &" " " 8" ! > ) & 6 6 )KF'WSH 6" 6 )( "9 3 \ I ( = 26 'WQ(6 6 "]6

80 | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 37: >Tilletia=""FH L86 /'OBERWINKLER. (.

( 6 \ . = " ) . Entyloma, 6 " MelaniellaSelaginella"Exo- " ) teliosporaOsmunda"Uleiella " L "6 Araucaria(! " 2 . = & 8" + =" ! Ustilago !" 6 2" /"\ Entorrhiza, an evolutionary ' enigma 6 " K 6 Anthracoi- Entorrhiza F'WSH dea Carex" Ustilago 2" & d F' (&6 WUH" >"Coniodictyum /

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | 81 ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 38: >Graphiola3 \6 K Phoenix canariensis8HAHNFGUUUH"UHLbFGUUVH"UHL & DRANSFIELDFGUUUH/ 'OBERWINKLER.

" Entorrhiza6 BAUERFGUUNHBEGEROW %F'GNH 6 FGUUNH ) 626 SS"NQ ! 6 86 NR" "EntorrhizaL FJANSSEN & BREMER OPPR` BESNARD OPPUH 3"6 ( "Entorrhiza Entorrhiza " 6 !6" 6 "\ 6 ! " " 6 Evolutionary trends in -" )Entorrhiza basidiomycetous wood- " 3" decay fungi % 26 %ZZ 6 FHIBBETT OPPNH 6 FHIBBETT & DONOGHUE OPPGH 6

SO | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 39: Entorrhiza casparyanaJuncus articulatus " 8"(. BAUER/'OBERWINKLER.

" 6 F'RPH- cornea, C. lutea, Cerinomyces ceraceus 6 ) 86 " 6 86 "6 " 6" " FOBERWINKLER GUUWH ' E336 6 " !FEASTWOOD e! " OPGGH " 6! Dacrymycetales SEIFERT FGUSWH GN86 8 36 6 " 6 '" F' GNH \ " " " Dacrymyces 6 6" 6 stillatus, D. capitatus, D. dictyosporus, " 6 spathularia, 3"

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | SW ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 40/Dacrymyces stillatus8"\6 "")86 K\3"] /'OBERWINKLER.

"" ia, , , , , Exidia, Exidiopsis, " Eichleriella Heterochaete, Myxarium, Proto- " Tremiscus helvelloides 2 " !Aporpium caryae, Protodaedalea gelatinosum japonica brasiliensis" Evolutionary trends in Au- FSEIFERTGUSWH BANDONIFGUSOH riculariales: 6 " Z! WEISS & OBERWINKLER FOPPGH 3ZZ 6 \ F' RGH = , Hyd- Z (1) 6 nochaete, Clavariachaete, , Myxarium Hyaloria &!Z `FOH , " Basidioden- %Z dron ` FWH Bourdotia Duc- F' ROH" ! " tifera ` FRH Hetero- " ! " chaetella, Protodontia, Protomerulius, (6 ! ` FVH Auricular- "!Aporpium, Auricularia, ?/3" )

84 | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 41(6"6 a Auricularia auricula-judae"b , c6 E6L 8EVOS=K KIMURA66 8WEISS & OBERWINKLERFOPPGH=R. BAUER"F. OBERWINKLER.

" Evolutionary trends in Hy- = F'ROH menochaetales: 3" 66 Inonotus " hispidus " ! ZZ "!Phellinus + ZZ6 cinereus 2. nigricans Betula, ZYY P. hartigii Abies, P. pini Pinus, P. 2 pomaceus Prunus, P. populicola 2fZZ\6 P. tremulae Populus, P. robus- " Hyphodon- 3\ZZ tus Quercus tia " \ 6 %Z6 \ praeter- 6 missum FLARSSON %Z) Hymenochaete6 OPPQH )H. carpatica Acer pseudo-

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | 85 ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 42: 33+6 ") "Hymenochaete, , Calvariachaete, Cyclomyces" !"+\"aP 6!\Phellinus 6\ -/'OBERWINKLER.

platanus, H. cinnamomea Corylus, - ) 6 and related 6 H. mougeotii Abies, H. rubiginosa Pinus banksiana wood-decay fungi H. subfuliginea Quercus, H. \"+ 6 ) " 6 tabacina Salix" " ( 6 6 perennis" VISSER FGUUVH . 6 TEDERSOO FOPPNH6 3"6 \ 2 ) Coltricia Repeto- &"86 F HIBBETT 6 ( = OPPN" LARSSON OPPN" GARCIA-SANDOVAL 6" OPGGH"6 ) 6 2F'RWH6

86 | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 43: 2"862 6!!"Cryptoporus"" 2+""/'OBERWINKLER.

K &6 Mycorrhizae F'GGH " 2 6 FGARCIA-SANDOVAL % ) " " OPGGH \ Antrodia6 - Amylo- " fron- " dosa FGARCIA-SANDOVAL " OPGGH " 6 6 )F'O"WH ! FBINDER FVeluticeps, ! / FREDECKER OPGPH , ChaetodermellaH" OPPPH 6 FGloeophyllumH"6 %6.6 ) FNeolentinus, HeliocybeH" " " ] .6 ) ! "&

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | SN ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 44: epigaea\FH) ")I \+/'OBERWINKLER.

) Evolutionary trends in E=36 6 mycorrhizae: > ) Sebacina 2"'=- 6 6 .Z )6 Z ! 6 6 .ZZ6 FWEISSOPGGH- ) \" =6 )= + 6 )2"'"(6 )6 " ) Polygonum viviparum (MÜHLMANNOPPSH" -=) =Z)&6 =6 !6 "K %Z) + (WARCUP GUSS" SELOSSE OPPO" WEISS .""" ) 6 OPPR"SUÁREZOPPSH "6 "" "2 ) FBERCH ' OPPO"SELOSSEOPPO"SETARO

88 | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 45'\=Sebacina incrustans Sebacina6 "] 6 \ Tremelloscypha] Sebacina incrustans=/'OBERWINKLER.

OPPQ""SELOSSEOPPN"KOTTKE FWEISS OPPR" SELOSSE OPPSH-"=6 " =6 OPPN"WEISSOPGGH-6 L6

FKOTTKEOPPW"NEBELOPPRH 6 "\ ! " " !6 )6 " F' )"L " " 26 Evolutionary trends in Se- RVH ( "!""6 " '" " bacinales: !36 "] =" !ZZ ."!6" ZZ Sebacina dimitica 6 Z " 36Z!6 KZZ Tulasnellales " =6 ) 6 >Z6 +6 2"' ))" F' RQH ) >Z6 6 ) " 6 ) " 6 ! ) &

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | SU ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 46: Tulasnella a'TulasnellaBetula pubescens6! b3Tulasnella calosporac=(Tulasnella vermispora"/. F. OBERWINKLER

Evolutionary trends in 6 Pinus pinaster P. muricata (BIDAR- "()" TONDO OPPWH N Tulasnellales: Tulasnella TulasnellaFNEBELOPPR" 6 PREUSSING OPGPH 6 !Z KRAUSEFOPGGH6 F SHEFFERSON OPPV" OPPN" SUÁREZ 3Z 6 OPPU" CRUZ OPGP" YUAN K^ZZ mirabilis6 OPGPH ) ) " (Z) =" " 6 Z) Tulasnella 2"' ) 6 " ! Betula pubescens,

UP | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 47( cibarius a6d"ce " f" g" h OBERWINKLERFGUNNH"\.

- ! ) = & (KOTTKEOPPUH"+6 "6 " 2 M FOPPQH ONCALVO Evolutionary trends in \"6 Botryobasidium, , F'GQH"6 , , , Cantharellales: "\\6 Cantharellus, ="\ & Z + + \ &6 Z! = Botryobasidium 3ZZ6 Sistotrema"Multiclavula Z ) ! " Clavu- =Z) 2 lina, Craterellus, Cantharellus, Hyd- =Z) I num)

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | UG ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 48="\ . ="6=! !"6 /'OBERWINKLER.

Evolutionary trends in \ Thelephorales: ( )" 6 6 Multiclavula F' ZZ 6 RSH Z! MONCALVO ) 3ZZ FOPPQH" Cantharellus 6 ) Z /!Z) Clavulina"6 " " )" 6 ) 6" 6 & "6 !F'GGH " " \

UO | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 49(". montana "= 6) ./'OBERWINKLER.

( Tomentella- Evolutionary trends in Thelephora Russulales: ! 6 - " Tomentella 6 Z ) . ZZZZ 3" F' RUH - 6 ) \ a 3ZZ ZZ )FBRUNS P 6 GUUS"KÕLJALGOPPP"OPPG"OPPOH 6 =Z " ! 6 " %Z !6 " =Z) \ (OBERWINKLERGUNNH

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | UW ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 503Lactarius . DapetesPicea abies, L. salmonicolor Abies alba. Pinus sylvestris" /'OBERWINKLER.

6 . 6 " 6 "MILLERFOPPQH6 " )GOSP , , Gymno- FBINDER OPPVH ./6 myces, Macowanites, Martellia, ) > . 6 ( (ERTZ OPPSH )6 N 6 " terrestris 6 ) Leucogaster, Leucophlebs Evolutionary trends in -.6 Atheliales: Lactarius Russula 6 Atheliales )" &!Z + ZZ 2 ' 6 & " =ZZ 6 F' VGH" =Z) F' VPH F' GNH"

UR | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 51a epiphylla, b asterophora c byssoides\"&6 6!aOBERWINKLERFGUNNH"'OBERWINKLER.

( L Evolutionary trends in 6 Boletales: " '"!66 \ 6 Z - F'GGH-"" ZZZ + ! 3ZZ " ZZZ ( " ! 6 Amphinema byssoi- 6Z6 des"" TylosporaF'VGH 6 Z)Z6 6 " 6 " " " Amphinema, , " Tylospora 6 LF' ) GG"VOH

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | UV ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 522 felleus " """") /'OBERWINKLER.

FBINDER & HIBBETTOPPQH% ius ) Agaricales !"\ 6 6 FAGERERGUSN6 ( & 6 GUUSH ) " ) ! parasiticus 2" '" '" (6 \ + 6 FMATHENYOPPQ"GARNICA " = 86 FRAIDLGUUNH. OPPN"BINDEROPGPH6 " 6 \ ) 3 Serpula)Aus- lacrymans (EASTWOOD OPGGH" +" tropaxillus 6 6 Nothofagus Eucalyptus + 6 CLARIDGEFOPPGH !\ (Y6 ( para- \ ! siticus citrinum! !DEN BAKKER 3"6 " 6 FOPPRH3"Leccinum aurantia- Gomphid- cum

UQ | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 53: violaceus" a" b " c" d"e" f(/'OBERWINKLER.

Evolutionary trends in 6 FMATHENY OPPQ" GARNICA 6 Agaricales: OPPN"BINDEROPGPH& 6 " LARSSON + Z FOPPRH Mac- +Ama- Z rotyphula nita, Laccaria, Cortinarius, , Z+ " Hebeloma E 6Z6 N 6 Cystoderma" >6 6 Z GO trachyspora 6 6Z!6 (BODENSTEINER OPPRH (L Z Schizophyllum caroticolor 6 Z) , Stig- " Z matolemma, Cyphellopsis Meris- 6 Z) modes, Calathella, > " OBERWINKLER & HORAKFGUNUH . =6 =6 Hennigsomyces \ LARSSON FOPPNH - " ") helvetica Athe- " " N& lidium aurantiacumN6

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | UN ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Fig. 54FOBERWINKLEROPGOHa'66 sericeum" (bH& Botrydina6" (c) pavonia,"FdHMulticlavula sinensis, (eH hudsonianaCoriscium-" "666> "FbH"FeHAthelia) 3DictyonemaRhi- zonema FScytonemaHFaHLepidostroma& 6!MulticlavulaFbH&Botrydina6"6 6!(Coriscium)Lichenomphalia (eHFa) 5 3, (c6eHGaOBERWINKLERFGUSPH"b6d OBERWINKLERFOPGOH

6 ()6 " !6" , , , Laccaria, Cortinarius, , Hebe- MATHENY loma + FOPPUH -6 (GARNICAOPPNH=) Cortinarius F' VWH \ 6 & 6 OPPPMARTIN 2 = 6 FOPPSH6 26 )6\ N ( " 6" 6 Laccaria bicolor6 ) 6

US | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

Basidiolichens ANDERSON J.B., KOHN L.M. FOPPNH 8!" "O-HEITMAN J., KRONSTAD J., TAYLOR J., CASSELTON L. FH >) ScytonemaRhi- = ! zonema (LÜCKING OPPUH K O6 \ " Cocco- =(2 F'GNH"&6 myxa " 6 BALDAUF S. L.FOPPSH6 !Od FBECK & PERSOHOPPUHN'6 "&""6 =46FWHOQWNONW 66FOBERWINKLERGUSP" "36 BANDONI R., OBERWINKLER F.FGUSGHHyalopycnis % > GUSRH blepharistoma 6 6! 6 O&d59GQGW6GQOP ! F'VR BANDONI R., OBERWINKLER F., WELLS K.FGUSOH/ H O&d60UUS6GPPW BASS D., HOWE A., BROWN N., BARTON H., DEMIDOVA F' VR M., MICHELLE H., LI L., SANDERS H., WATKINSON H S.C., WILLCOCK S. , RICHARDS T.A. FOPPNH N 6 ] Evolutionary trends in O2.=274: + basidiolichens: WPQUNWPNN BAUER R., FOPPRH 6 LUTZONI & PAGEL FGUUNH ) N ZZ 6 -AGERER R., PIEPENBRING M., BLANZ P.FH Z 'O ) >6ZZ -3%69""WOVNWWN BAUER R., OBERWINKLER F.FGUSQH6 2 Z6 I Rhizonema 2OJ(!52OVU6 OQR ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS '666 BAUER R., OBERWINKLER F. FGUSQH 6 ZZ 6 ! - 6 I ariae F'!H.OJ(!52ONG6ONV - \ 6 6 6 BAUER R., OBERWINKLER F.FGUUPH(" " Pachnocybe fer- FOBERWIN- ! 6 rugineaO2=172ORGNOQG KLERGUNPH.6 BAUER R., OBERWINKLER F. FGUUGH 6 Athelia =6 66 6 Dictyonema ! PAUL BLANZ O104VW6VN Cora Multiclavula Lepidostroma 3 BAUER R., OBERWINKLER F. FGUUGH 6 "BARBARA OBERWINKLER" + & ! O104: - Cora- UW6UN Dictyonema36 BAUER R., BERBEE M.L., OBERWINKLER F. (GUUGH "" 6 , Cyphello- Sphacelotheca polygoni- " Lichenomphalia (LAWREY REFERENCES serrulatiO&d69ORV6OVV OPPUHN BAUER R., OBERWINKLER F., MCLAUGHLIN D.J.FGUUOH (" AGERER R.FGUSNNGUUSH&6 )GNGGO= 6 K"K9 Agaricostilbum pulcherrimum FLAWREYOPPNH" =O(15OVU6ONR Mul- AIME M.C. FOPPQH 6 ticlavula " Marchan- FI6 BAUER R., OBERWINKLER F., VÁNKY K.FGUUNHI6 ") HO(RNGGONGOO ! diomphalina Athe- O&d A M.C., MATHENY P.B., HENK D.A., FRIEDERS E.M., lia Atheliopsis, IME GONW6GWGR NILSSON R.H., PIEPENBRING M., MCLAUGHLIN D.J., 75 F' pusiolum, Lichenomphalia SZABO L.J., BEGEROW D., SAMPAIO J.P., BAUER R., BAUER R., BEGEROW D., OBERWINKLER F., PIEPENBRING VRH = Lichenomphalia WEISS M., OBERWINKLER F., HIBBETT D. FOPPNH M., BERBEE M. L.FOPPGHI - ( 9-- 2 = Lepidostroma"\6! \6 2 D. J. MCLAUGHLIN, E. Cora G. MCLAUGHLIN, P. A. LEMKEO=96 8E + O "3"E]!"VN6SW ( SUQ6UPV 2 " 98 BAUER, R., BEGEROW, D., OBERWINKLER, F., MARVANO- ALBEE-SCOTT S.R.FOPPNH8 VA, L.FOPPWH " Classicula 6]^ O ! O ( 95: ) 6 (.111GPWPNGPWU NVQ6NQR

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | UU ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

BAUER R., LUTZ M., OBERWINKLER F.FOPPRHTuber- d 6 sia Phyllocladus EJO culina6 + EJd45: NPN6NGW 6 O (6 CRUZ D., SUÁREZ J.P., KOTTKE I., PIEPENBRING M., )O( : SQV6SSP 96 102 OBERWINKLER, F. FOPGPH 8\ UQPNUQN BIDARTONDO M.I., BRUNS T.D., WEISS M., SÉRGIO C., Tulasnella BAUER, R., BEGEROW, D., SAMPAIO, J.P., WEISS, M., READ, D.J.FOPPWH=) 8E -=6VS= + OBERWINKLER, F.FOPPQH6 )6 O ( O2.=> O ( 2" GPGPPNY 25RG6QQ 270SWVNSRO GGVVN6PGP6PQUO6W BAUER R., LUTZ M., BEGEROW D., PIATEK M., VÁNKY K., BODENSTEINER P., BINDER M., MONCALVO J.-M., AGERER CULLEN P.J., SPRAGUE G.F.FOPGOH BÁCIGALOVÁ K., OBERWINKLER F.FOPPSH R. HIBBETT D.S. FOPPRH 2 6 \ O K6 O(. 6 190OW6RU GOUN6GWPQ O(2 VPG6VGV 112 33 CUOMO C.A., BIRREN B.W. FOPGPH BECK A., PERSOH D. FOPPUH ' BORNENS M., AZIMZADEH J. FOPPNH / =.2)O-6 O 6 + O ( ! % ( )470SWWNSVV . ? GGU6GOU 607 BARY A.FGSSRH9(6  ! ! . DE BREFELD/FGSSGH8)-O-6 2)"() '" 9 WQ O 9 8 FRIEDRICH I3) O 9 WILHELM ENGEL- PFEIL"("GWNOR ')=)"3RO MANN">)i9-jG6VVS BEGEROW D., BAUER R., OBERWINKLER F.FGUUNH26 ARTHUR FELIX">)"G GUG – D G., OBERWINKLER F.FGUSOH/ 6 EML Ustilago vio- BREFELD/FGSSSH--26 (PERS.) ROUSS. 8E + lacea "- I >O2J WRV6WVQ O&d nalis 104 K(!"9--OAR- 75OPRV6OPVQ DEN BAKKER H.C, ZUCCARELLO G.C., KUYPER T.W., THUR FELIX,>)"G GNS"2- -- – – NOORDELOOS M.E. FOPPRH BEGEROW D., BAUER R., OBERWINKLER F.FOPPOH 6 BRUNS T.D., SZARO, T.M., GARDES M., CULLINGS K.W., \ ) PAN J.J., TAYLOR D.L., HORTON D.R., KRETZER A., O E 2 O(21GSN6GUU Leccinum GARBELOTTO M. & LI Y. FGUUSH+ 163OPGNOGV BEGEROW D., GÖKER M., LUTZ M., STOLL M.FOPPRH \6 DEN BAKKER H.C., VANKUREN N.W., MORTON J.B., / ) 6 PAWLOWSKA T.E. FOPGPH & 6 - AGERER, BLANZ, PIEPENBRING FH O ( '(O 7OVNNONO -3%69SG6US ) BULLER, A.H.R. FGUWPH \6 O(27ORNR6ORSQ B D., STOLL M., BAUER R. FOPPQH 6 EGEROW L Coprinus I6 EASTWOOD D.C., FLOUDAS D., BINDER M., MAJCHER- lagopusO CZYK A., SCHNEIDER P., AERTS A., ASIEGBU F.O., E126QSQ6QSU O( BAKER S.E., BARRY K., BENDIKSBY M., BLUMENTRITT BULLER, A.H.R. FGUWGH . ' M., COUTINHO P.M., CULLEN D., DE VRIES R.P., 98UPQ6UGQ 9 -9 O >" K" &" GATHMAN A., GOODELL B., HENRISSAT B., IRMARK BERBEE M., BAUER R., OBERWINKLER F. FGUUGH > K., KAUSERUD H., KOHLER A., LABUTTI K., LAPIDUS " " A., LAVIN, J.L., LEE Y.-H., LINDQUIST E., LILLY W., BURNS C., STAJICH J.E., RECHTSTEINER A., CASSELTON LUCAS S., MORIN E., MURAT C., OGUIZA J.A., O&d L., HANLON S.E., WILKE S.K., SAVYTSKYY O.P., Microbotryum violaceum. PARK J., PISABARRO A.G., RILEY R., ROSLING A., GNUV6GSPW GATHMAN A.C., LILLY W.W., LIEB J.D., ZOLAN 69 SALAMOV A., SCHMIDT O., SCHMUTZ J., SKREDE I., M.E., PUKKILA P.J. FOPGPH BERCH S.M., ALLEN T.R., BERBEE M.L.FOPPOH(6 STENLID J., WIEBENGA A., XIE X., KÜES U., HIBBETT Coprinopsis cinerea6 " D.S., HOFFMEISTER D., HÖGBERG N., MARTIN F., ) GRIGORIEV I.V., WATKINSON S.C. FOPGGH O2=244VV6QQ N O2>=K6FUH BERNDT R.FGUUQHI86 GPPGGWV 6 F " I6 O=333NQO6NQV Coleosporium BUTIN H.FGUQUH=)( HO=48OQW6ONO ERTZ D., LAWREY J.D., SIKAROODI M., GILLEVET P.M., Mikronegeria fagi DIET FISCHER E., KILLMANN D., SÉRUSIAUX E.FOPPSH BERNDT R., OBERWINKLER F. FGUUNH 3 6 NEGO2J64ORO6ORN )6 Melam- CAVALIER-SMITHFOPGPH8"6 O 6 psorella Thekopsora areolata (89QUS6NPV > O2.=365GGGNGWO O d BESNARD G., MUASYA A.M., RUSSIER F., ROALSON E.H., CHASE T.E., ULLRICH R.C.FGUSWH="6 GVRS6GVVQ SALAMIN N., CHRISTIN P.-A.FOPPUH26 95 " &R Heterobasidion FISCHER, E. (1902): ') !6 9 F&H ( annosum I O( SOV6SWG O( 75 .)N6GPO=) 26GUPUNGUGU CLARIDGE A.W., TRAPPE J.M., CASTELLANO M.A.. K12VU6QS FOPPGH ]6! i BINDER M., HIBBETT D.S. FOPPQH ( 6 FITZPATRICK D.A., LOGUE M.E., STAJICH J.E., BUTLER \ K F" 6 G. FOPPQH H O = : O(98UNG6USG 14 RO ONWNOSG BINDER M., HIBBETT D.S., LARSSON K.-H., LARSSON E., CORNER E.J.H. FGUWOH 6 O(& UU LANGER E., LANGER G. FOPPVH 6 6 O ( GÄUMANN E. FGUVUH 8 .) (6 L 6 =GNVGNSG ! F3HO CORNER E.J.H.FGUQQH(6 =) O  ) ?6 =3GGWNGVN O(OGNOVV ]=)12G6GPRN BINDER M., LARSSON K.-H., MATHENY P.B., HIBBETT CRANE P.E., PETERSON R.S.FOPPNHMikronegeria GÄUMANN E. FGUQRH 8 2) N K) D.S. FOPGPH fuchsiae "Fuch- ! (6

100 | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

O BIRKHÄUSER 9 M.C., APTROOT A., BAUER R., BEGEROW D., JONES M.D.M., FORN I., GADELHA C., EGAN M.J., =VRG BENNY G.L., CASTLEBURY L.A., CROUS P.W., DAI BASS D., MASSANA R., RICHARDS T.A. FOPGGH Y.C., GAMS W., GEISER D.M., GRIFFITH G.W., 8 GARCIA-SANDOVAL R., WANG Z., BINDER M., HIBBETT D.S.FOPGGH( GUEIDAN C., HAWKSWORTH D.L., HESTMARK G., \ O E6 K HOSAKA K., HUMBER R.A., HYDE K.D., IRONSIDE 474OPPNOPW J.E., KõLJALG U., KURTZMAN C.P., LARSSON K.H., KEMLER M., GÖKER M., OBERWINKLER F., BEGEROW D. LICHTWARDT R., LONGCORE J., MIADLIKOWSKA J., O(103VGP6VOR FOPPQH - 6 MILLER A., MONCALVO J.M., MOZLEY-STANDRIDGE GARNICA S., WEISS M., WALTHER G., OBERWINKLER F. (6 S., OBERWINKLER F., PARMASTO E., REEB V., ROG- FOPPNH . F I6 ERS J.D., ROUX C., RYVARDEN L., SAMPAIO J.P., + HO(&6WV SCHÜSSLER A., SUGIYAMA J., THORN R.G., TIBELL O (6 L., UNTEREINER W.A., WALKER C., WANG Z., WEIR KEMLER, M., LUTZ, M., GÖKER, M., OBERWINKLER, F., . GPGU6GPOU 111 A., WEISS M., WHITE M.M., WINKA K., YAO Y.J., BEGEROW, D. FOPPUH 3 GIMENO C.J., LJUNGDAHL P.O., STYLES C.A., FINK ZHANG N.FOPPNH66 6 66 G.R.FGUUOHI \ ' O (6 MicrobotryumF26 (H O = S. cerevisiae \ .111VPUNVRN 7OUN6WPQ HIRATSUKA N.FGUONH)(6 .=O& GPNNNGPUP P.M., CANNON P.F., MINTER D.W"STALPERS J.A. 68 K Pucciniastrum KIRK GIRBARDT M.FGUVNH8=)!Po- OTTHOd'3!!- FOPPSH AINSWORTH & BISBYS lystictus versicolorO250RNNVU I=11QW6GGU"2- "GPO&-"% GIRBARDT M.FGUQUH8I!!6 HODNETT B., ANDERSON J.B.FOPPPHK6 KIRSCHNER R., BAUER R., OBERWINKLER F. FGUUUH 2)O2 Armillaria gal- Atractocolax, 6 67RGWNRRG licaO(92SUR6SUU 6 !O GOTTSCHALK M. & BLANZ P. FGUSVH I6 HONIGBERG S.M.FOPGGH&"6 ( VWS6VRW V= .6 " ) 91 ! ) ? O ! & KIRSCHNER R., BAUER R., OBERWINKLER F.FOPPGHCo- =!26 2011RQQ6RNW lacosiphon OJ(! OPV6ORW O ( 51 HOSAKA K., BATES S.T., BEEVER R.E., CASTELLANO, 93QWR6QRR HAHN W.J.FGUUUH(6 M.A., COLGAN III W., DOMÍNGEZ L.S., NOUHRA 2 O ( E ]! E.R., GEML J., GIACHINI A.J., KENNEY S.R., SIMP- KLUYVER, A.J., & VAN NIEL C.B. (1924):=6 K83RNNQP SON N.B., SPATAFORA J.W., TRAPPE J.M.FOPPQH ) 3 3 HAMPL V., HUG L., LEIGH J. W., DACKS J. B., LANG ( 6 Sporobolomy- OJ!2!" B. F., SIMPSON A. G. B. & ROGER A. J.FOPPUH 6 6 ces 2 26 --"63: 1–OP O( KLUYVER, A.J., & VAN NIEL C.B. (1927): 6 ! P6 98URUNUVU Q O 2 E = I= HUNTER L.M. (1936): ( 6 106WSVUNWSQR (6 OdK(68SN–UV HART J.A. FGUSSH . O d 17: KNIEP H. FGUOSH 8 = GGV6GVO 2]) N 8)" 9" ^O&4WWUN JAMES T.Y., KAUFF F., SCHOCH C.L., MATHENY P.B., 9 K6 WQQ HOFSTETTER V., COX C.J., CELIO G., GUEIDAN Od"96 HENKEL T.W., SMITH M.E., AIME M.C. FOPGPH C., FRAKER E., MIADLIKOWSKA J., LUMBSCH H.T., GUSTAV FISCHERVRR Guyanagaster" 6 RAUHUT A., REEB V., ARNOLD A.E., AMTOFT A., KÕLJALG, U., DAHLBERG, A., TAYLOR, A.F., LARSSON, + STAJICH J.E., HOSAKA K., SUNG G.H., JOHNSON E., HALLENBERG, N., STENLID, J., LARSSON, K.- ArmillariaF2"" D., O’ROURKE B., CROCKETT M., BINDER M., H., FRANSSON, P.M., KAREN, O. & JONSSON, L. HOd97GRNR6 CURTIS J.M., SLOT J.C., WANG Z., WILSON A.W., FOPPPH 8 6 GRSR SCHÜSSLER A., LONGCORE J.E., O’DONNELL K., 6 MOZLEY-STANDRIDGE S., PORTER D., LETCHER P.M., HEPTING G.H., TOOLE E.R. FGUWUH ! )=6 POWELL M.J., TAYLOR J.W., WHITE M.M., GRIFFITH Melampsora farlowii O O(9GUSVNGUUQ G.W., DAVIES D.R., HUMBER R.A., MORTON J.B., 229RQW6RNW KÕLJALG, U., ERZSÉBET, J., BÓKA, K. & AGERER, R. SUGIYAMA J., ROSSMAN A.Y., ROGERS J.D., PFIS- FOPPGH 6)6 HIBBETT D.S.FOPPNH"6 TER D.H., HEWITT D., HANSEN K., HAMBLETON S., 6 ]^ SHOEMAKER R.A., KOHLMEYER J., VOLKMANN- Tomentella 8E-=+ 6F6 KOHLMEYER B, SPOTTS RA, SERDANI M, CROUS PW, O' H OG O (6 HUGHES KW, MATSUURA K, LANGER E, LANGER G., & ONNWU .111GPPGNGPGS UNTEREINER W.A., LÜCKING R., BÜDEL B., GEISER 38 HIBBETT D.S., DONOGHUE M.J. FOPPGH D.M., APTROOT A., DIEDERICH P., SCHMITT I., KÕLJALG, U., TAMMI, H., TIMONEN, S., AGERER, R. & SCHULTZ M., YAHR R., HIBBETT D.S., LUTZONI F., SEN, R.FOPPOH-=8E+6 " " MCLAUGHLIN D.J., SPATAFORA J.W., VILGALYS R. Tomentellop- 36 FOPPQH . 6 sis O=50OGV6ORO '6 " \ !6 OE SGSNSOO ) O ( 2 HIBBETT D.S., MATHENY P.B. FOPPUH 443 SGNUO ) JANSSEN T., BREMER K.FOPPRHL 1 SPP> KORHONEN K. FGUNSH - !6 +Od>=146: O & O(& OPPU"7GW WSV6WUS -''94G6OV HIBBETT D.S., BINDER M., BISCHOFF J.F., BLACKWELL JONES L.A., SUDBERY P.E. FOPGPH =)!" KOTTKE I., BEITER A., WEISS M., HAUG I., OBERWINKLER M., CANNON P.F., ERIKSSON O.E., HUHNDORF S., " F., NEBEL M. FOPPWH 36 JAMES T., KIRK P.M., LÜCKING R., LUMBSCH H.T., Candida albicans 6 6 LUTZONI F., MATHENY P.B., MCLAUGHLIN D.J., ) d 6 POWELL M.J., REDHEAD S., SCHOCH C.L., SPA- O !6 pinguis TAFORA J.W., STALPERS J.A., VILGALYS R., AIME &9GRVV6GRQV F()HTulas-

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | 101 ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

nellaO(. LÜCKING R., HUHNDORF S., PFISTER D.H., RIVAS PLATA E., I.R., STAIJCH J.E., TUNLID A., TUSKAN G., GRIG- 107UVNNUQS LUMBSCH H.T. FOPPUH ' ORIEV I.V. FOPPSHLaccaria !O( SGP6SOO 6 KOTTKE I., HAUG I., SETARO S., SUÁREZ J.P., WEISS 101 bicolor )OE SSNUO M., PREUSSING M., NEBEL M., OBERWINKLER F. LÜCKING R., LAWREY J.D., SIKAROODI M., GILLEVET 452 FOPPSH K ) P.M., CHAVES J.L., SIPMAN H.J.M., BUNGARTZ F. MATHENY P.B., GRIFFITH G.W.FOPGPH(6 " " FOPPUH86 ! ^ F&6 O 6 " H O (6 9GW6OW )\6 51RVQ6RQG Od GRPUNGRGS KOTTKE I., SUÁREZ J.P., HERRERA P., CRUZ D., BAUER 96 MATHENY P.B., CURTIS J.M., HOFSTETTER V., AIME R., HAUG I., GARNICA S.FOPPUH6 LUTZ M., BAUER R., BEGEROW D., OBERWINKLER F., M.C., MONCALVO J.-M., GE Z.W., YANG Z.L., RS TRIEBEL D. FOPPRH Tuberculina 6 SLOT J.C., AMMIRATI J.F., BARONI T.J., BOUGHER F2H ) !O(96: 614– N.L., HUGHES K.W., LODGE D.J., KERRIGAN R.W., 6 QOQ SEIDL M.T., AANEN D.K., DENITIS M., DANIELE O 2 . = : G.M., DESJARDIN D.E., KROPP B.R., NORVELL 277 LUTZ M., BAUER R., BEGEROW D., OBERWINKLER F. GOSU6GOUS L.L., PARKER A., VELLINGA E.C., VILGALYS R., FOPPRH Tuberculina–Thanatophytum / HIBBETT D.S.FOPPQH(L6 KRAUSE C., GARNICA S., BAUER R., NEBEL M.FOPGGH crocorum – Helicobasidium: F()H 6 + N 6 6 O( USO6UUV FH6 O(.108OONNOWS 98 O'6 MATHENY P.B., AIME M.C., BOUGHER N.L., BUYCK B., LUTZ M., BAUER R., BEGEROW D., OBERWINKLER F. SWU6SVG DESJARDIN D.E., HORAK E., KROPP B.R., LODGE 115 FOPPRH Tuberculina–Helicobasidium: D.J., SOYTONG K., TRAPPE J.M. HIBBETT D.S. KREGER-VAN RIJ N.J.W., VEENHUIS ( FGUNGH \Tuberculina6 FOPPUH / 2^ 36 = Sporid- \ iobolus 6 O(96GWGQNGWOU ) O>!37: LUTZONI F., PAGEL M.FGUUNH6 - O d OVW6OVV + 2009G6GQ KURAMAE E., ROBERT V., SNEL B., WEISS M. & BOEK- O2E=94: MAYOR E. (1920):  HOUT T. FOPPQH 2 GGROO6GGRON O'(=] Melampsora abieti-caprearum TUB O L F., PAGEL M., REEB V.FOPPGH(L6 UTZONI =('36GUG6OPW .6GOGWNGOOP MILLER S.L, LARSSON E., LARSSON K.-H., VERBEKEN LANGER E., OBERWINKLER F.FGUUSHSpiculogloea OE411UWN6 A., NUYTINCK J.FOPPQH2 occultaF3HN6 URP O(6 . O ( 98 UQP6 LUTZONI F., KAUFF F., COX C.J., MCLAUGHLIN D., ORU6OVR UNP 69 CELIO G., DENTINGER B., PADAMSEE M., HIBBETT MONCALVO J.M., NILSSON R.H., KOSTER B., DUNHAM LARSSON K.-H. FOPPNH .! \6 D., JAMES T.Y., BALOCH E., GRUBE M., REEB V., S.M., BERNAUER T., MATHENY P.B., MCLENON T., O(. HOFSTETTER V., SCHOCH C., ARNOLD A.E., MIAD- MARGARITESCU S., WEISS M., GARNICA S., DANELL 111GPRPNGPQW LIKOWSKA J., SPATAFORA J., JOHNSON D., HAM- E., LANGER G., LANGER E., LARSSON E., LARSSON BLETON S., CROCKETT M., SHOEMAKER R., SUNG LARSSON K.-H., LARSSON E., KÕJALG U.FOPPRH3 K.-H., VILGALYS R. FOPPQH G.-H., LÜCKING R., LUMBSCH T., O’DONNELL K., BINDER M., DIEDERICH P., ERTZ D., GUEIDAN C., O ( . HANSEN K., HARRIS R.C., HOSAKA K., LIM Y.-W., 108USWNGPPO O( UWNNURS MATHENY B., NISHIDA H., PFISTER D., ROGERS J., 98 LARSSON K.-H., PARMASTO E., FISCHER M., LANGER ROSSMAN A., SCHMITT I., SIPMAN H., STONE J., MONDIET N., DUBOIS M.P., SELOSSE M.A. FOPPNH E., NAKASONE K.K., REDHEAD S.A. (OPPQH36 SUGIYAMA J., YAHR R., VILGALYS R.FOPPRH6 Squamanita odorata 6 " F" H (6 \" 6 O( UOQ6UWQ 98 Od91:1446–GRSP .111VUUNQPO LAWREY J.D., BINDER M., DIEDERICH P., MOLINA M.C., MAIER W., BEGEROW D., WEISS M., OBERWINKLER F. MÜHLMANN O., BACHER M., PEINTNER U.FOPPSHPo- SIKAROODI M., ERTZ D.FOPPNH2 FOPPWH 2 lygonum viviparum 66 6 O ( 2 RR NNS6 8E+O&d O()18SNNUV NSU GO6OW 81 NEBEL M., KREIER H.-P., PREUSSING M., WEISS M., LAWREY J.D., LÜCKING R., SIPMAN H.J.M., CHAVES MALENÇON G. FGUWGH > 6 KOTTKE I. FOPPRH = 6 J.L., REDHEAD S.A., BUNGARTZ F., SIKAROODI M., O >MAN- GILLEVET P.M. FOPPUH 3 GIN1WWN6WUQ ) - AGERER, R., PIEPENBRING, M., BLANZ, P. FH ' MARTIN F., AERTS A., AHRÉN D., BRUN A., DANCHIN F (" WWU6WQP E.G.J., DUCHAUSSOY F., GIBON J., KOHLER A., 3H O ( O-3%69" L E., PEREDA V., SALAMOV A., SHAPIRO .113GGVR6GGNG INDQUIST H.J., WUYTS J., BLAUDEZ D., BUÉE M., BROKSTEIN NISHIDA H., ANDO K., ANDO Y., HIRATA A., SUGIYAMA LEFÈVRE E., BARDOT C., NOËL C., CARRIAS J.-F., VIS- P., CANBÄCK B., COHEN D., COURTY P.E., J. FGUUVH Mixia osmundae COGLIOSI E., ABIARD C., SIME-NGANDO T.FOPPNH COUTINHO P.M., DELARUELLE C., DETTER J.C., DE- I)]6 VEAU A., DIFAZI S., DUPLESSIS S., FRAISSINET-TACHET ! 6 L., LUCIC E., FREY-KLETT P., FOURREY C., FEUSSNER O&d73=QQP–=QQQ I., GAY G., GRIMWOOD J., HOEGGER P.J., JAIN ! O NYLAND G. FGURUH = P., KILARU S., LABBÉ J., LIN Y.C., LÉGUÉ, LE TACON ( QGNNG 3% 9 F., M R., MELAYAH D., MONTANINI B., ARMEISSE =O(41: 686–NPG LIU Y.J., HODSON M.C., HALL B.D.FOPPQH> MURATET M., NEHLS U., NICULITA-HIRZEL H., OU- OBERWINKLER ' FGUNPH 8 K ] DOT-LE SECQ M.P., PETER M., QUESNEVILLE H., RA- O 9 6 JASHEKAR B., REICH M., ROUHIER N., SCHMUTZ J., K! GWU6GQU ?'.E YIN T., CHALOT M, HENRISSAT B., KÜES U., LUCAS 4 -- O (& S., VAN DE PEER Y., PODILA G.K., POLLE A., PUK- OBERWINKLER F. FGUNNH 8 = 6NR KILA P.J., RICHARDSON P.M., ROUZÉ P., SANDERS O-FREY, W., HURKA, H.,

GPO | STAPFIA 96 (2012) ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

OBERWINKLER" '  ) RAIDL=FGUUNH=)/.6 2])OK'9" Basidiopycnis hyalina )!!)O ="E]!"VU6GPV Proceropycnis pinicola ( 98: (169GNGSR QWN6QRU OBERWINKLER F. FGUNSH % 6 RAPER J. R. FGUQQH K = ^OJ(44GW6OU O’DONNELL, K. L., MCLAUGHLIN, D. JFGUSGHI6 3'O.2 ! OBERWINKLER F.FGUSPH= RAPER C.A., RAPER J.R., MILLER R.E.FGUNOHK6 6 " - 2 -62 - O 26 O-SCHWEMMLER, H., SCHENK. H.E.A. O(64GPSS6GGGN 108OOV6ORR FH O " 6 READHEAD S.A. FGUSNH i F6 &1WPV6WGV O’DONNELL, K. L., MCLAUGHLIN, D. JFGUSGHI6 H" ! OBERWINKLER'FGUSOH\ O&d65GVVG6GVQO 6 " Puccinia malvacearum ( -6 - O 26 REDECKER D., KODNER R., GRAHAM E.L. FOPPPH O - WELLS K / 108ORV6OQW K., WELLS?FH6 O=289GUOP6GUOG """ O’DONNELL, K. L., MCLAUGHLIN, D. JFGUSGHI6 S -TROUFFY 2 FGSUQH . 6 O = 9" E ! APPIN + I ]!"UNWV " Puccinia malvacearum --- - -6- - O 26 O>5VU6ORR OBERWINKLER F. FGUSRH '6 6 108OQV6OSS SEIFERT K.A. FGUSWH 8 O - HERTEL H., 8O(75GPGG6 OBERWINKLER F. FH ) >6 O’DONNELL K. L. MCLAUGHLIN D. J.FGUSRHI6 GPGS 'J. POELTO Ustilago maydisO )E379: NWU6NNR (F76HRQS6RSV SAMPAIO J.P., OBERWINKLER F. FOPGGH Cystobasi- dium (LAGERHEIM) NEUHOFFFGUORHO- OBERWINKLER'FGUUPHE6 O’DONNELL K.L., MCLAUGHLIN D. J.FGUSRH26 " 6 ]"KURTZMANN, C.P., FELL, J.W., BOEKHOUT, O .6 T.FHO"GRGU6GROO (- "Ustilago maydis 28GGW6GON O(F76HRSQ6VPO SAMPAIO J. P., GADANHO M., BAUER R., WEISS M. FOPPWH (6 PADY S.M. (1933): OBERWINKLER F.FGUUWHK6 8O(6 2O&d.9: Leucosporidium gol- RVS6RSV ubevii " 36WV6NO >6 OBERWINKLER, F. FGUUVH 8 PARFREY L. W., LAHR D.G., KNOLL A.H., KATZ L. A. =O(2 FOPGGH 2)"  2VW6QS 36 ! \ ! O 2 E SELOSSE M.-A., BAUER R., MOYERSOEN B. FOPPOH . ? =I=108GWQOR6GWQOU !"10PQ" =) GWN6GVQO98'2" PEI M.H., BAYON C., RUIZ C. FOPPVH 26 OE ( Melampsora 2155GSW6GUV =8E OBERWINKLER ' FOPPUH 8 6 + O ( . SELOSSE M.-A., WEISS M., JANY J.-L., TILLIER A. " 6 FOPPOH & 109RPGNRPU . 6 ?  !" 37 PETERSON R.S., OEHRENS E.FGUNSHMikronegeria P! . 2)Q" GU6 FIHO( WOG6 alba 70 Neottia nidus-avis (L.) L.C.M. RICH WRO98'2"( WWG ) O OBERWINKLER F. FOPGOH - B. POELT J., ZWETKO P. FGUUNH 8 .) 6 (11GSWG6GSRR O" HOCK FH ( -i O = SELOSSE M.-A., SETARO S., GLATARD F., RICHARD F., ]&'" 9"3FH URCELAY C., WEISS M. FOPPNH =6 I3FGHWQV OBERWINKLER F., BANDONI, R.J.FGUSRHHerpobasi- ) diumO(6 PREUSSING M., NEBEL M., OBERWINKLER F., WEISS M. O E 2 174: =83QWUNQVS. FOPGPH8 SQRNSNS F"H O F., BAUER R. FGUUPH Tulasnella SETARO S., WEISS M., OBERWINKLER F., KOTTKE I. BERWINKLER Cryptomyco- F(6 6 Aneura pinguis FOPPQH = 6 colax " ()H O(82QNG6QUO ) Cavendishia nobilis" O()20GRN6GVU 6 OBERWINKLER F., BANDONI R.J., BAUER R., DEML G., PRILLINGER H., DÖRFLER C., LAASER G., HAUSKA G. " KISIMOVA-HOROVITZ L. FGUSRH FGUUPH ) =! O E 2 " " Christiansenia pallida !  2) WVVNWQV O 169 36 --- (76U6OO SETARO S., WEISS M., OBERWINKLER F., KOTTKE I.FOPPQH Ustilago6OJ(!56OVG6ONS ) OBERWINKLER F., BAUER R., BANDONI R.J. FGUUPH PRILLINGER H., OBERWINKLER F., UMILE C., TLACHAC K., O Colacogloea 6 BAUER R., DÖRFLER C., TAUFRATZHOFER E.FGUUWH (25ORWNOVR O&6 F6 d68OVWGNOVWQ. SHEFFERSON R.P., WEISS M., KULL T., TAYLOR D.L. H6 FOPPVH 3 \ 6 OBERWINKLER F., BAUER R., BANDONI R.J. FGUUPH )) 36 ) d K ( S"Cypripedi- O( RS6VS G6WR 82 39 umO(14QGWNQOQ OBERWINKLER F., HORAK E.FGUNUH=6 PRINGLE A., PATEK S.N., FISCHER M., STOLZE J., MONEY SHEFFERSON R., TAYLOR D., WEISS M., GARNICA S., N N.P. FOPPVH MCCORMICK M., ADAMS S., GRAY H., MCFAR- 6 O( SQQ6SNG 97 LAND J., KULL T., TALI K., YUKAWA T., KAWAHARA T., O 2 = GVN6 131 QUINTANILHA A.FGUWNH&S MIYOSHI K., LEE Y.-I.FOPPNH GQR + O )\ OBERWINKLER F., KIRSCHNER R., ARENAL F., VILLAREAL &.=2205NRV6 S O 61: M., RUBIO V., BEGEROW D., BAUER, R. FOPPQH NRN GWSPNGWUP

STAPFIA 96 (2012) | GPW ©Biologiezentrum Linz, Austria, download www.biologiezentrum.at OBERWINKLER STAPFIA 96 (2012): 45–104

SJAMSURIDZAL W., NISHIDA H., OGAWA H., KAKISHIMA TAYLOR J.W., BERBEE M.LFOPPQH86 WANG H., XU Z., GAO L., HAO B. FOPPUH6 M., SUGIYAMA J.FGUUUH26 ' > SO 6 O(98SWSNRU GS=8E+6 TAYLOR T.N., HASS H., KERP H.FGUUUH O(&9GUV O( OGNON 40 OE399QRS WARCUP J.H.FGUSSH() STAJICH J.E., BERBEE M.L., BLACKWELL M., HIBBETT TAYLOR T.N., HASS H., KERP H., KRINGS M., HANLIN R.T. Sebacina vermifera O D.S., JAMES T.Y., SPATAFORA J.W., TAYLOR J.W. FOPPVH 2 E2110OONNOWG FOPPUH'O& GS 19 RPP. WEISS M., OBERWINKLER F. FOPPGH 2 STAJICH J.E., WILKE S.K., AHREN D., AU C.H., BIR- O 6 REN B., BORODOVSKYI M., BURNS C., CANBÄCK (97OQUNOSV N B., CASSELTON L.A., CHENG C.K., DENG J., DI- TEDERSOO L., SUVI T., BEAVER K., SAAR I.FOPPNH6 8E + O ETRICH F.S., FARGO D.C., FARMAN M.L., GATH- )Coltricia Coltriciella (.105RPW6RGV MAN A.C., GOLDBERG J., GUIGÓ R., HOEGGER F3" H WEISS M., BAUER R., BEGEROW D.FOPPRH=6 P.J., HOOKER J.B., HUGGINS A., JAMES T.Y., KA- &" 8 -AGER- MADA T., KILARU S., KODIRA C., KÜES U., KUPFER ( = O ( ER, R., PIEPENBRING, M., BLANZ, P.FH'6 D., KWAN H.S., LOMSADZE A., LI W., LILLY W.W., 26GPGNGPN (" MA L.-J., MACKEY A.J., MANNING G., MARTIN THOMPSON D.S., CARLISLE P.L., KADOSH D. FOPGGH NNRSO-3%69" F., MURAGUCHI H., NATVIG D.O., PALMERINI H., & 6 RAMESH M.A., REHMEYER C.J., ROE B.A., SHENOY WEISS M., SELOSSE M., REXER K., URBAN A., OBER- O! N., STANKE M., TER-HOVHANNISYAN V., TUNLID A., Candida WINKLER, F. FOPPRH = 6 &OPGG" FUHGGNW RAJESH VELAGAPUDI R., VISIONE T.J., ZENG Q., 10 ! 6 ZOLAN M.E., PUKKILA P.J. FOPGPH K UHL N.W., DRANSFIELD J. FGUUUH K 26 ) - (OE] O(.108GPPW6GPGP 6 K83ORVNOVW WEISS M., SYKOROVÁ Z., GARNICA S., RIESS K., MAR- ( Coprinopsis cinerea Coprinus UHL N.W., DRANSFIELD J., DAVIS J.I., LUCKOW M.A., TOS F., KRAUSE C., OBERWINKLER F., BAUER R., HO2E=I= cinereus HANSEN K.S., DOYLE J.J.FGUUVH26 REDECKER D. FOPGGH = 6 107GGSSUNGGSUR !+ 6 STEINBERG G.FOPPNH3 O 2= /E 6FOH ""=)!O 8EO- GQNUW !&6WVG6WQP RUDALL P., CRIBB P.J., CUTLER D.F., HUMPHRIES C.J. (H" ( =6 YANGJ>FOPGGH(+6 SUÁREZ J.P., WEISS M., ABELE A., OBERWINKLER F., O.K6 ) ! KOTTKE I.FOPPSH(= "?""QOWNQQG O'850RN6VS ) 6 Y J>"ZHANG L.-F., MUELLER G.M., KOST G.W., 6 VAN DRIEL G.A., HUMBEL B.M., VERKLEIJ A.J., STALPERS J., ANG R K.-H. FOPPUH 6 O(2 MÜLLER W.H., BOEKHOUT T.FOPPUH= EXER 6 Oudemansiella 7NVNSV FH F2" H O SUÁREZ J.P., WEISS M., ABELE A., OBERWINKLER,F., & 36 (28G6GW KOTTKE, I. FOPPUH O(. VVU6VNQ Y L.Y., YANG Z.L., LI S.-Y., HU H., HUANG J.-L. 113 UAN )66 VISSER S.FGUUVH)6 FOPGPH () \" 6 = L! " = % & O (6 FHO-PRIDGEON, A.M., \OE2129WSU6RPG )20VVU6VQS SÚAREZ, P.J. FH O 2 VIZZINI A., GIRLANDA M FGUUNH Squamanita = & /6 umbonata (SUMST.) BAS" ZWETKO P., BLANZ P.FOPPRH8)6 "I 2 Inocybe oblectabilis (BRITZH SACCO O & ' >L"GSR6GUQ O35GNGNGNV 3FWH"ORG

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