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Combating Public Sector Corruption in Ghana: the Case of the Public Procurement Act (2003) Act 663 by Pabia Isaac This Thesis

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Combating Public Sector Corruption in Ghana: the Case of the Public Procurement Act (2003) Act 663 by Pabia Isaac This Thesis University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh COMBATING PUBLIC SECTOR CORRUPTION IN GHANA: THE CASE OF THE PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ACT (2003) ACT 663 BY PABIA ISAAC THIS THESIS IS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MPHIL POLITICAL SCIENCE DEGREE JUNE, 2013 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis is the result of my own original work and that no part of it has been presented for another degree in this university or elsewhere. I further declare that with the exception of quotes, ideas and analysis attributed to acknowledged sources, this study is the result of research dutifully conducted under the supervision of my supervisor, Dr. Emmanuel Debrah. I am solely responsible for any errors which may be identified in this work. ………………………………. PABIA ISAAC (CANDIDATE) …………………………. DATE …………………………….. DR. EMMANUEL DEBRAH (SUPERVISOR) ………………………….. DATE i University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ABSTRACT This study sets out to assess the capacity of the Public Procurement Act, 2003 (Act 663) to combat public sector corruption in Ghana. The study notes that the Act has encouraged competition among bidders for public contracts and enhanced the level of transparency at the tendering process. Structures have been created to harmonise the procurement process to ensure judicious use of public funds. The law has standardized procurement procedures in the public sector. However, the study observed politicisation in the procurement process and manipulation of the tendering process by public officials and contractors. Procurement entities rarely adhere to guidelines set by the Act. Poor contract management, weak sanctioning regime and improper disposal of assets have undermined the capacity of the law to deal with corruption in public organisations. The use of sole sourcing by public institutions has aided corruption rather than stopping it. To address these shortcomings, the mechanism to strengthen contract supervision and monitoring will prevent shoddy works and the delivery of low quality goods. Also, de-politicisation of the procurement process would ensure that competent people are hired by politically independent and neutral organisation such as the Public Services Commission to handle the process. Guidelines for sole sourcing and disposal of assets should be enforced by the Public Procurement Authority to check their abuse by public sector institutions. ii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DEDICATION To my parents Mr. Debidanegarah Welaga and Nma Balodi Welaga And my late cousin Raymond Aziiba, for his inspiration to many in Kayilo-Paga. And to my lovely wife Janet Tetteh and daughter Ingrid Welaga. iii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I thank Almighty God for His grace and love, and for seeing me through my academic work to this far. My sincere gratitude also goes to Dr. Emmanuel Debrah, for his patience and guidance.. My sincere gratitude also goes to Mr. Vitus Azeem (GII), Mr. Roland Akabzab(Ghana Anti-corruption Coalition), Mr. Andrew Baafi of Public Procurement Authority, Mr. Alexis Muriyah ( a retired Educationist) and Mr. Augustine Bugase (District Director, GES- Kasena Nankana West) for their immense support. I am most grateful to my brothers- Sammy and Jumah, and their families for the invaluable support throughout my education. Without their moral and material support, it will have been difficult for me to pursue MPhil programme. Thanks also go to my mates-Sampson, Matthew, Paa Kwesi (PK), Blay, Bright, Cosmos, Willi, Kofi, Harrison, Patience, Grace and Adade. You are such a great family; I appreciate your support and encouragement. To my friends- Hon. Roland Tuumyeridam, Donnadieu Abem and Yahaya Sulemana, thanks for your encouragement. Finally, to my wife, Janet Tetteh and my lovely daughter Ingrid Wenawome, I appreciate your endurance and love. iv University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. II DEDICATION ......................................................................................................................... III ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................................... IV TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................................ V LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................ VIII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. IX CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ..................................................... 1 1.1 The Background to the Study ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 The Statement of the Problem .......................................................................................... 5 1.3 Research Questions .......................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Objective of the Study ...................................................................................................... 7 1.5 Significance of the Study ................................................................................................. 7 1.6 Literature Review ............................................................................................................ 8 1.7 Conceptual Framework .................................................................................................. 21 1.8 Deployment of Concepts ................................................................................................ 23 1.9 Definition of Terms ........................................................................................................ 23 1.10 Methodology ................................................................................................................ 24 1.11 Limitation of the Study ................................................................................................ 27 1.12 Organisation of the Study ............................................................................................. 27 Reference ............................................................................................................................. 29 v University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh CHAPTER TWO STRATEGIES FOR COMBATING CORRUPTION IN GHANA: AN OVERVIEW….….34 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 34 2.2. Nkrumah‘s Regime ....................................................................................................... 34 2.3 NLC Period……………………………………………...……………………………35 2.4 Busia‘s Regime .............................................................................................................. 38 2.5 NRC/SMC Regime ......................................................................................................... 39 2.6 AFRC and PNDC – Populist Strategies ......................................................................... 39 2.7 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 43 Reference ................................................................................................................................. 45 CHAPTER THREE LEGAL INSTRUMENT AND INSTITUTIONS FOR FIGHTING CORRUPTION BEFORE ACT 663................................................................................................................................... 47 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 47 3.2 The 1992 Constitutional Framework.............................................................................. 47 3.3 Legislative enactments against Corruption .................................................................... 48 3.4 Anti-corruption Institutions ............................................................................................ 54 3.5 Media and Civil Society ................................................................................................. 61 3.6 Other Anticorruption Initiative under the Fourth Republic ........................................... 63 3.7 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………64 Reference ................................................................................................................................. 64 CHAPTER FOUR ACT 663 AND CORRUPTION IN GHANA .......................................................................... 66 4. 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 66 4.2 The Public Procurement Board ...................................................................................... 66 4.3. Procurement Structures ................................................................................................
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