Christopher Columbus - Wikipedia
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Regional Studies in Marine Science Reef Condition and Protection Of
Regional Studies in Marine Science 32 (2019) 100893 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Regional Studies in Marine Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rsma Reef condition and protection of coral diversity and evolutionary history in the marine protected areas of Southeastern Dominican Republic ∗ Camilo Cortés-Useche a,b, , Aarón Israel Muñiz-Castillo a, Johanna Calle-Triviño a,b, Roshni Yathiraj c, Jesús Ernesto Arias-González a a Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Unidad Mérida B.P. 73 CORDEMEX, C.P. 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico b Fundación Dominicana de Estudios Marinos FUNDEMAR, Bayahibe, Dominican Republic c ReefWatch Marine Conservation, Bandra West, Mumbai 400050, India article info a b s t r a c t Article history: Changes in structure and function of coral reefs are increasingly significant and few sites in the Received 18 February 2019 Caribbean can tolerate local and global stress factors. Therefore, we assessed coral reef condition Received in revised form 20 September 2019 indicators in reefs within and outside of MPAs in the southeastern Dominican Republic, considering Accepted 15 October 2019 benthic cover as well as the composition, diversity, recruitment, mortality, bleaching, the conservation Available online 18 October 2019 status and evolutionary distinctiveness of coral species. In general, we found that reef condition Keywords: indicators (coral and benthic cover, recruitment, bleaching, and mortality) within the MPAs showed Coral reefs better conditions than in the unprotected area (Boca Chica). Although the comparison between the Caribbean Boca Chica area and the MPAs may present some spatial imbalance, these zones were chosen for Biodiversity the purpose of making a comparison with a previous baseline presented. -
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The Masters of Calatrava and the Castilian Civil War 1350-1369
The Masters of Calatrava and the Castilian Civil War 1350-1369 BY JOSEPH F. O'CALLAGHAN Düring the third quarter of the fourteenth Century the bitter civil war between King Pedro the Cruel (1350-1369) and his half-brother, Count Enrique of Trastamara, tore the kingdom of Castile asunder, dividing its leaders and people, allowing no one the privilege of neutrality. Prominent among the participants in the conflict were the masters of the military Order of Calatrava who, together with the masters of Santiago and Alcäntara, ranked among the great men of the realm. As the war progressed, the king and his challenger endeavored to control magisterial elections and, through them, the immense resources that the Order of Calatrava possessed in the modern provinces of Ciudad Real, Jaen, Cordoba, Seville, and so forth. The consequence was schism within the Order, the diversion of its interest and wealth to domestic politics rather than the reconquest, and an increasing brutalization of life, typified by the execution of one master by Pedro and another by Enrique. Above all, the civil war pointed up the crown's growing awareness of the need to subject all the military Orders to effective royal control. ^ Juan Nünez de Prado At the time of Pedro the CruePs accession to the throne in March 1350 at the youthful age of sixteen years, Juan Nünez de Prado was the master of Calatrava. The illegitimate son of a knight named Carpintero and Bianca, senora of Las Huelgas and daughter of King Afonso III of Portugal (1248-1279), he was legitimated in 1313, on his mother's request, 2 by Pope Clement V, and entered the Order of Calatrava. -
The Patron Saints and Devotions of the Benedictine Military Orders (Portugal and Castile, 15-16Th Centuries)
The Patron Saints and Devotions of the Benedictine Military Orders (Portugal and Castile, 15-16th Centuries) Paula Pinto Costa1 Raquel Torres Jiménez2 Joana Lencart3 Abstract This paper studies hagiographic devotion in the seigniories of the military orders: the Orders of Avis and Christ in Portugal and of Calatrava in Castile. Applying a common methodology and using similar sources for all three cases, this paper analyzes the written testimonies of the orders’ devotion to Christ and the Virgin Mary, as well as their veneration of the saints. These records were compiled from the visitations made to churches, hermitages, and confraternities between 1462 and 1539. The research was governed by two objectives: firstly, to construct a hagiographic overview of the selected territories by systematizing the data collected; and, secondly, to reflect on the typical devotional profile of the territories of the military orders as portrayed by the documentary evidence. Keywords Military orders; Calatrava; Avis; Christ; Hagiography; Medieval religiosity Resumo Este trabalho estuda a devoção hagiográfica nos senhorios das Ordens Militares de Avis e Cristo em Portugal, e de Calatrava em Castela. Usando metodologia e fontes comuns, são analisados testemunhos escritos da devoção a Cristo e à Virgem, bem como aos santos. Os visitadores compilaram estes registos durante as visitações às igrejas, ermidas e confrarias nos territórios dessas Ordens entre 1462 e 1539. Dois objetivos estão subjacentes a esta investigação: primeiro, construir uma visão hagiográfica geral dos territórios em estudo, sistematizando os dados coligidos e, segundo, refletir sobre as características específicas e o perfil devocional dos domínios das Ordens Militares. Palavras-Chave Ordens militares; Calatrava; Avis: Cristo; Hagiografia; Religiosidade medieval 1 Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, Portugal. -
Columbus's Ultimate Goal: Jerusalem
Columbus’s Ultimate Goal: Jerusalem CAROL D ELANEY Department of Cultural and Social Anthropology, Stanford University I N TRO D UCT I O N The Quincentennial of Columbus’s Discovery of the Americas has come and gone. Some people celebrated, others protested. The Discovery has been called either ―The greatest event since the creation of the world, save the incar- nation and death of Him who created it‖ (Francisco Lopez de Gomera writing in 1552),1 or the greatest disaster in world history. Columbus is either a saint (who was actually proposed for canonization), or he is a sinner responsible for genocide. Can one even say that Christopher Columbus discovered America when there were already millions of people living in these lands? Did he dis- cover America when he thought he had found a new route to Asia?2 The debates are interminable and the issues have become so politicized that an informed and informative discussion has been all but impossible; one steps warily into the fray. Yet, despite the voluminous literature by and about Columbus, Americans outside the rarefied circle of Columbus scholars still know little about the man and his mission. In this paper I discuss some of the little known religious beliefs that underpinned the ―Enterprise of the Indies,‖ for I think they have the potential to change fundamentally our assessment of Columbus and relocate some of the responsibility for the consequences of the encounter. Many people are unaware that Columbus made not just one voyage but four; others are surprised to learn that he was brought back in chains after the third Acknowledgments: I am deeply indebted to the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University not only for providing me with a National Endowment for the Humanities fellowship to conduct this research, but also for its unparalleled resources and helpful staff, and for creating one of the most stimulating research environments that I have encountered. -
Dreams Dominicus La Romana Last Updated August 9, 2021
CONTACT INFORMATION ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 PROPERTY OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 TOTAL ROOM COUNT: 488 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 UNIQUE SELLING POINTS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 UNLIMITED-LUXURY® INCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 PAYMENT METHODS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... -
Recent Publications 1984 — 2017 Issues 1 — 100
RECENT PUBLICATIONS 1984 — 2017 ISSUES 1 — 100 Recent Publications is a compendium of books and articles on cartography and cartographic subjects that is included in almost every issue of The Portolan. It was compiled by the dedi- cated work of Eric Wolf from 1984-2007 and Joel Kovarsky from 2007-2017. The worldwide cartographic community thanks them greatly. Recent Publications is a resource for anyone interested in the subject matter. Given the dates of original publication, some of the materi- als cited may or may not be currently available. The information provided in this document starts with Portolan issue number 100 and pro- gresses to issue number 1 (in backwards order of publication, i.e. most recent first). To search for a name or a topic or a specific issue, type Ctrl-F for a Windows based device (Command-F for an Apple based device) which will open a small window. Then type in your search query. For a specific issue, type in the symbol # before the number, and for issues 1— 9, insert a zero before the digit. For a specific year, instead of typing in that year, type in a Portolan issue in that year (a more efficient approach). The next page provides a listing of the Portolan issues and their dates of publication. PORTOLAN ISSUE NUMBERS AND PUBLICATIONS DATES Issue # Publication Date Issue # Publication Date 100 Winter 2017 050 Spring 2001 099 Fall 2017 049 Winter 2000-2001 098 Spring 2017 048 Fall 2000 097 Winter 2016 047 Srping 2000 096 Fall 2016 046 Winter 1999-2000 095 Spring 2016 045 Fall 1999 094 Winter 2015 044 Spring -
La Evolución Del Virreinato Colombino, De Un Señorío Feudal a Una Gobernación Moderna”
Facultad de CC. Sociales, Jurídicas y de la Comunicación Grado en Derecho “LA EVOLUCIÓN DEL VIRREINATO COLOMBINO, DE UN SEÑORÍO FEUDAL A UNA GOBERNACIÓN MODERNA” Autor: Roy De Jesús De La Rosa Tutor: Itsván Szászdi León-Borja Profesor de Historia del Derecho 1 RESUMEN El presente trabajo tiene como objeto analizar el impacto que tuvo el descubrimiento de América para España, a partir del conflicto de intereses que se originó por la falta de consenso en la interpretación de los privilegios concedidos a Cristóbal Colón en las Capitulaciones de Santa fe y que dio lugar a los llamados Pleitos Colombinos. Y, por otra parte, destacar la importancia que tuvo la regulación jurídica y la forma de gobernación de los virreinatos en el Nuevo Mundo llevada a cabo desde la península por la Corona de Castilla para limitar los privilegios de los virreyes. Restricciones propias de un Estado centralizado, con un poder autoritario, que supuso la transición de un orden institucional feudal a una gobernación moderna. ABSTRACT This essay is focused on analyzing the impact that the discover of America to the Spanish Crown had, from the conflict of interests which was originated by the lack of agreement on the interpretation if the privileges given to Colón in the Santa Fe Capitulations given rise to the so-called Columbus Lawsuits. Furthermore, to emphasize the importance that the legal regulation and the form of governorship of the viceroyalties in the New World carried out from the peninsula by the Crown of Castile had to limit the privileges of the viceroys. Restrictions proper to a centralized state, with an authoritarian power, which meant the transition from a feudal institutional order to a modern government. -
Bartolomé De Las Casas, Soldiers of Fortune, And
HONOR AND CARITAS: BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS, SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Dissertation Submitted To The College of Arts and Sciences of the UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Theology By Damian Matthew Costello UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON Dayton, Ohio August 2013 HONOR AND CARITAS: BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS, SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Name: Costello, Damian Matthew APPROVED BY: ____________________________ Dr. William L. Portier, Ph.D. Committee Chair ____________________________ Dr. Sandra Yocum, Ph.D. Committee Member ____________________________ Dr. Kelly S. Johnson, Ph.D. Committee Member ____________________________ Dr. Anthony B. Smith, Ph.D. Committee Member _____________________________ Dr. Roberto S. Goizueta, Ph.D. Committee Member ii ABSTRACT HONOR AND CARITAS: BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS, SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Name: Costello, Damian Matthew University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. William L. Portier This dissertation - a postcolonial re-examination of Bartolomé de las Casas, the 16th century Spanish priest often called “The Protector of the Indians” - is a conversation between three primary components: a biography of Las Casas, an interdisciplinary history of the conquest of the Americas and early Latin America, and an analysis of the Spanish debate over the morality of Spanish colonialism. The work adds two new theses to the scholarship of Las Casas: a reassessment of the process of Spanish expansion and the nature of Las Casas’s opposition to it. The first thesis challenges the dominant paradigm of 16th century Spanish colonialism, which tends to explain conquest as the result of perceived religious and racial difference; that is, Spanish conquistadors turned to military force as a means of imposing Spanish civilization and Christianity on heathen Indians. -
A Passagem Da Freira Filipa Moniz, Mulher De Cristóvão Colombo, Pelo
População e Sociedade 111 População e Sociedade CEPESE Porto, vol. 30 dez 2018, pp. 111-123 A passagem da freira Filipa Moniz, mulher de Cristóvão Colombo, pelo Mosteiro de Santos The journey of the nun Filipa Moniz, wife of Christopher Columbus, by the Monastery of Santos Joel Silva Ferreira Mata1 Sumário: Filipa Moniz, filha de Bartolomeu Perestrelo, capitão-donatário da Ilha de Porto Santo, e de Isabel Moniz, sua mulher, entrou no Mosteiro de Santos, em Lisboa, para professar na Ordem de Santiago. Conhecemos o seu percurso, desde janeiro de 1470 até janeiro de 1477, pela sua presença em reuniões capitulares para tratar da administração do património comum do cenóbio. Saiu desta instituição, que lhe daria proteção e estabilidade, para casar com o navegador genovês Cristóvão Colombo, em finais de janeiro de 1477 ou no início do mês seguinte. Apesar do acervo documental ser parco em informações, foi possível reconhecer que Filipa Moniz desempenhou um papel demasiado simples na estrutura social do mosteiro, não ocupando qualquer lugar de relevo na hierarquia feminina da Ordem de Santiago, nem usufruiu de qualquer tipo de rendimentos provenientes da exploração do património rural ou urbano. Palavras chave: Bartolomeu Perestrelo; Filipa Moniz; Cristóvão Colombo; Mosteiro de Santos, Porto Santo Abstract: Filipa Moniz, daughter of Bartolomeu Perestrelo, captain of the Porto Santo Island, and Isabel Moniz, his wife, entered the Santos Monastery, in Lisbon, to profess in the Order of Santiago. From January 1470 until January 1477, we know his journey through his presence in Chapter meetings to deal with the administration of the common heritage of the Cenobio. -
Who Read the Romances of Chivalry? 211 the Immediate Sources of These Observations Need Not Concern As Here
l lVH0 READ THE ROMANCES OF CHIVALRY? By Dimiel Eisenberg jgE ROMANCES OF CHIVALRY WHICH ARE THE SUBJECT of the nresent discussion are those which were written in Castilian in jjje sixteenth century. The conclusions should also be valid for Tirante el Blanco, Amadís de Gaula, and the Sergas de Esplandián, gil of which were probably considered to be sixteenth-century Castilian works by the readers of the period. Specifically excluded are those short works, of the fifteenth century or earlier, translated into Spanish, such as Oliveros de Castilla, Partinuplés de Bles, or Enrique fi de Oliva; they are quite different works, and to a degree were translated and published for a different public. (They are scarcely mentioned in the Quijote.) In any event, they do not form parí of Spanish literature.2 i Tbis article was read in the Spanish 2 section of the December, 1972 meeting of the Modera Language Association of America. Its researcfa was greatly facilitated by the Smith Fund and the University Research Council of the University of North Carolina, and by the Brown University Library. 1 would like to express my appreciation to Keith Whinnom, Merritt Cox, and James Burke for reading this paper and making helpful suggestions; to Juan Bautista Avalle-Arce for his assistance with sections of the Appendix; and to Ricardo Arias for permitting the Hispanic Society of America to make o copy of Rosián de Castilla for my examination. 2 These works, printed in large quantities at modest pnces, are lumped together as "menudencias" in the book order reproduced by Irving Leonard, "Best Sellers of the Lima Book Trade, 1583," HÁHR, 22 (1942), 30-31, and elsewhere; it is, of course, to them that Julio Caro Baroja, Ensayo sobre la literatura de cordel (Madrid: Revista de Occidente, 1969), pp. -
Collecting Portuguese Ballads1
Oral Tradition, 2/2-3 (1987): 547-72 Collecting Portuguese Ballads1 Manuel da Costa Fontes Á memória de meu tio Manuel Soares, (✝1984), que tanto ajudou com a recolha do Romanceiro da Ilha de S. Jorge. The Spanish began to publish extensive collections dedicated exclusively to their ballads in the middle of the sixteenth century (see Rodríguez-Moñino 1973). These collections included versions of many poems that had already become traditional, for they were being sung by common people throughout Spain. Although the Portuguese were also singing ballads at that time,2 nothing of the sort was done in Portugal. This lack of ancient documentation renders the modern Portuguese tradition even more signifi cant. Without the poems that have been transmitted from generation to generation throughout the centuries, our knowledge of the ancient Portuguese tradition would be very limited indeed. The systematic collection of ballads was begun by Almeida Garrett in 1824. Having been forced into exile for political reasons, he was inspired by the example of the English Romantics, and made his early fi ndings known through the publication of Adozinda while still abroad (London, 1828). Since he was the fi rst to publicize the fact that ballads from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance were still being sung by common people in Iberia, he is the “father” of all subsequent fi eldwork undertaken in Portugal, Spain, and in the other Pan-Hispanic traditions as well (see Costa Fontes 1983-84b:54-55). My own fi eldwork began among the Portuguese in California in 1970. Although I had heard ballads being sung within my own family since childhood, I became aware of their importance only when I took a course on the Spanish ballad from Professor Arthur 548 MANUEL DA COSTA FONTES L.-F.