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First Observations of the Impacts of Hurricane Maria Dehydrated, Were Brought to the Parrot Conservation and on the Endemic Imperial Amazon Research Centre

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First Observations of the Impacts of Hurricane Maria Dehydrated, Were Brought to the Parrot Conservation and on the Endemic Imperial Amazon Research Centre 410 Conservation news topics were complimented with small-group sessions in individuals across three disjunct localities; Morne which case studies were discussed and diagnoses made. It Diablotin, the Northern and Central Forest Reserves, and was agreed that this basic approach to animal health should Morne Trois Pitons National Park (http://www.iucnredlist. be developed in the region, to equip veterinarians better for org/details//). Given that Hurricane David re- the pivotal role they must play in ecosystem health. duced the species’ population to just – birds (Bird In the technical session, case studies were presented for Conservation International, , –), the impacts of Maria the application of quad-copters and fixed wing drones for are of great concern. The first observations of Maria’s im- vegetation monitoring, counts of shorebirds and turtles, pacts on A. imperialis are presented here, based on records and monitoring of herd dynamics of Arabian oryx Oryx leu- compiled by the Forestry and Agriculture Department since coryx. Delegates discussed the opportunities, constraints, September , and a field visit by CAP during – and challenges relating to the expansion of drone-based eco- January . logical monitoring in the Arabian Peninsula. By January confirmed sightings of A. imperialis had been collated from nine locations across the island, PHILIP SEDDON Department of Zoology, University of Otago, all of which are outside the pre-Maria range for the spe- Dunedin, New Zealand. E-mail [email protected] cies. At two locations individuals were seen foraging on fallen grapefruit and guava in populated areas. In the latter MIKE KNIGHT South African National Parks, & Centre for case a single bird was observed eating guava daily for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, months post-Maria but subsequently visits became less Port Elizabeth, South Africa frequent. These sightings indicate two things. Firstly, that the spe- GERHARD STEENKAMP Department of Companion Animal cies still persists at several locations. Secondly, that Maria Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University has pushed the species out of its natural habitat of high alti- of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa tude forests, with all reported localities being low-lying sites near human settlements (areas where A. imperialis does not CRAIG HILTON-TAYLOR IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge, UK normally occur). The species may have been forced into DAVID MALLON Manchester Metropolitan University, UK, & these areas by the destruction and defoliation of highland IUCN Species Survival Commission trees and consequent reduction in food resources. As a re- sult, there may now be increased foraging pressures through HELEN SENN Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh competition with the endemic Amazona arausiaca at these Zoo, Scotland, UK lower elevations. As in the aftermath of Hurricane David, several weak, grounded A. imperialis individuals were found post- Maria. Two presumed male birds, both underweight and First observations of the impacts of Hurricane Maria dehydrated, were brought to the Parrot Conservation and on the endemic imperial amazon Research Centre. One died shortly after arrival; the second, which was found in Salisbury town on December, was On September the Caribbean island of Dominica was held at the Centre alongside an -year-old female who struck by the category five Hurricane Maria. This is the stron- had been there from a young age. On March gest storm on record for the island, considerably more power- both birds were moved to a facility in Germany. Only a ful than the previous most destructive, Hurricane David in few individuals are held elsewhere, including one at the . Although damage assessments from Maria have yet to Rare Species Conservatory Foundation, Florida, which be completed, environmental impacts are expected to be se- was previously bred at the Parrot Conservation and vere. Hurricane David, which caused widespread destruction Research Centre. only in the island’s south, destroyed or damaged at least mil- These observations indicate the conservation status of A. lion trees (Bird Conservation International, , –). Maria imperialis is of great concern, given the detrimental impacts encompassed the whole of Dominica and is thus expected of previous hurricanes on the species. Climate change scen- to have caused more severe damage. Early estimates from arios predict that high intensity Caribbean hurricanes such the Forestry and Agriculture Department suggest at least as Maria will become more frequent (Nature Geoscience, , % of trees were felled nationally, with much of the remain- –). A similar event in Dominica in the next few years, ing % being stripped of foliage and fruits. with no interceding recovery period, could have disastrous This damage is expected to have severe consequences for consequences for the species. During we plan to make a Dominica’s biodiversity, including its national bird, the en- formal assessment of post-Maria A. imperialis populations, demic and Endangered imperial amazon Amazona imperia- the results of which may warrant a re-examination of the lis. Pre-Maria estimates suggested a population of – species Red List status. Oryx, 2018, 52(3), 409–415 © 2018 Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605318000364 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.202.226, on 25 Sep 2021 at 21:19:27, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605318000364 Conservation news 411 CHARLOTTE A. PALMER and THOMAS E. MARTIN Operation Sumatra, yet their distribution has not been documented, Wallacea, Old Bolingbroke, Lincolnshire, UK. nor has any study been made of their behavioural ecology. E-mail [email protected] These are crucial prerequisites for release. No data are avail- able regarding whether assessment of the quality and suit- STEPHEN DURAND Division of Forestry Wildlife and National ability of the habitat were made prior to release. Parks, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Roseau, Reintroductions of non-endemic species, as well as introdu- Commonwealth of Dominica cing animals into areas with no suitable habitat, are add- itional threats to slow lorises throughout Asia. MYLES LAMONT TerraFauna Wildlife Consulting Inc., Surrey, Prosecuting and sentencing law breakers punishes the of- British Columbia, Canada fenders and acts as a deterrent for future law breakers. This case is one of few in which a wildlife trader and wildlife traf- ficker have been successfully prosecuted and sentenced for Successful prosecution of slow loris traders in trading and trafficking slow lorises in Indonesia. We hope Indonesia that these convictions represent a changing trend in wildlife enforcement in the country. On February a wildlife trader in Lubuk Basung, West Sumatra, Indonesia, was sentenced to . years in prison, K.A.I. NEKARIS and V. NIJMAN Nocturnal Primate Research with a fine of IDR million (c. USD ,) and a Group and Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford -month subsidiary sentence, after his arrest last year for Brookes University, UK. E-mail [email protected] trading slow lorises (Nycticebus spp.). A trafficker was sen- tenced to years in prison with the same fine and subsidiary sentence. The perpetrators were tracked by posts on their Sightings of reintroduced northern bald ibis Facebook pages that advertised the animals for sale. Geronticus eremita crossing between Spain and Indonesia is home to seven species of slow loris, and all of Morocco are probably hand-reared rather than them are categorized as threatened (with two Critically wild-born Endangered) on the IUCN Red List, and all are included on Appendix of CITES. Slow lorises were included on The report of six northern bald ibis Geronticus eremita ar- Indonesia’s list of protected species in , and buying, sell- riving in Morocco from Spain in November (Muñoz ing or keeping them as pets is illegal. According to & Ramirez, Oryx, , –) was claimed to be the first Indonesia’s Law No. () on the Conservation of confirmed sighting of the reintroduced Spanish popula- Biological Resources and Ecosystems, perpetrators can re- tion crossing from Europe to Africa. Significantly, there ceive a maximum of years in prison and a maximum have been several additional sightings of birds leaving fine of IDR million. Despite the extreme threat of illegal from Spain and crossing to Africa before and since this trade to the survival of slow lorises in Indonesia, open trade date (Migres Foundation, & , Unpublished in markets or on social media still flourishes. Reports). We present these data and cross-reference The convicted trader offered slow lorises and other wild- them to timings and information from the reintroduction life, including the protected changeable hawk-eagle Nisaetus project Proyecto Eremita (López & Quevedo, , pp. – cirrhatus, for sale on his Facebook page. The asking price for , in Boehm & Bowden, eds, Northern Bald Ibis a Sumatran slow loris Nycticebus hilleri offered for sale on Conservation & Reintroduction Workshop) in Andalusia, August was USD .On September the local Spain. authorities arrested the wildlife trader whilst he was in pos- Post-breeding observations of soaring birds since ,by session of six Sumatran slow lorises and two albino common the Migres Foundation observation teams at Tarifa, Cazalla palm civets Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, the latter for sale and Algarrobo
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