Discussions About Inclusion of Marginalized Groups in Context of Social Services Proceedings of Scientific Studies and Scientific Works
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Jurina RUSNÁKOVÁ Discussions about Inclusion of Marginalized Groups in Context of Social Services Proceedings of Scientific Studies and Scientific Works Wien 2017 Diese wissenschaftliche Studie ist ein Arbeitsergebnis des Projektes mit der Geldsubvention „SCIENTIA – ARS – EDUCATIO“. Jurina RUSNÁKOVÁ Discussions about Inclusion of Marginalized Groups in Context of Social Services Proceedings of Scientific Studies and Scientific Works Wien 2017 © Editor: Jurina RUSNÁKOVÁ Editorial Board: prof. zw. dr hab. Sławomir M. MAZUR (Krakowska Akademia, Krakow, Poland) doc. Ing. Beáta GAVUROVÁ, PhD. MBA (Technical University of Košice, Slovak Republic) doc. PhDr. Martin KALEJA, PhD. (Silesian University in Opava, Czech Republic) Mgr. Milan SAMKO, PhD. (Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic) Reviewers: prof. PhDr. Michal OLÁH, PhD. Mgr. Alena ROCHOVSKÁ, PhD. Mgr. Daniel ŠKOBLA, PhD. ISBN: 978-3-9504061-3-9 Veranstalter: Internationale Stiftung Schulung, Kunst, Ausbildung Dürrnbacherstraße 6/1/19 1110 Wien Österreich The papers were peer-reviewed. The proceedings were prepared in accordance with publication ethics and ethical rules in research. The scientific studies and scientific works are original, prepared for these proceedings. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 6 ANALYSIS OF HOUSING DEPRIVATION OF ROMA HOUSEHOLDS IN SELECTED TOWNS AND VILLAGES OF SLOVAK REPUBLIC7 Martin BRŇAK .............................................................................. 7 SOCIAL SUPPORT IN CONTEXT OF PERCEIVED CRISIS SITUATIONS IN ROMA IN SLOVAKIA Jurina RUSNÁKOVÁ – Miroslava ČEREŠNÍKOVÁ – Rastislav ROSINSKÝ – Beáta GAVUROVÁ – Július RUSNÁK – Róbert SZAKÁCS .................................................................................... 38 STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS AND AVAILABILITY OF INCLUSIVE PROGRAMMES AND SOCIAL SERVICES FOR WOMEN SUBJECTED TO VIOLENCE IN SLOVAK REPUBLIC Ivan RÁC – Michal KOZUBÍK – René LUŽICA ........................ 95 QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE ELDERLY AS DETERMINANT OF THEIR SOCIAL INCLUSION Martina HROZENSKÁ – Zuzana LÍŠKOVÁ ............................ 144 SUBJECTIVE WELLBEING IN OLDER PEOPLE – NEW CHALLENGE TO INCREASE QUALITY OF INCLUSIVE INSTITUTIONAL CARE Mário GRIESBACH – Lýdia LEHOCZKÁ ............................... 163 REFUGEE INTEGRATION AND SOCIAL SERVICES FOR THEM IN CONDITIONS OF SLOVAK REPUBLIC Katarína VANKOVÁ – Rastislav ROSINSKÝ .......................... 224 INTRODUCTION These proceedings are one of the publications of the Institute of Romani Studies; its purpose is to present, particularly to the scientific community, the results of the specific studies. Our aim is to contribute to professional discussions about marginalized groups of citizens and about the possibilities of inclusion of these groups in majority societies. In the scientific studies, their authors focus on specific groups of population – Roma, the elderly, and refugees; based on their own research activities, they discuss the problems the stated marginalized groups face and every developed society attempts to cope with. The first two studies focus on clarification of the complexness of social exclusion of marginalized Roma – Martin Brňák focuses on the issue of housing in his paper; the authors of the second paper (Jurina Rusnáková, Miroslava Čerešníková, Beáta Gavurová, Róbert Szakács) state the results of the study on social networks and social support of marginalized Roma. The possibilities of inclusive programmes in social services for Roma women subjected to violence are found in the paper by Ivan Rác and Michal Kozubík. Besides the study results, they state also specific recommendations for work with this group of clients. The other two studies (Martina Hrozenská, and Mário Griesbach, Lýdia Lehoczká) state the results of the studies on the needs of the elderly, again in the context of increasing the quality and inclusiveness of social services. The issues of refugees and migration are serious global problems; the analysis of the needs of people who had to leave their home countries and their expectations from social services is presented by Katarína Vanková. The proceedings consist of four scientific studies and two scientific works; all the papers were peer-reviewed and were recommended for publication. 6 ANALYSIS OF HOUSING DEPRIVATION OF ROMA HOUSEHOLDS IN SELECTED TOWNS AND VILLAGES OF SLOVAK REPUBLIC Martin BRŇAK St. Elizabeth University College of Health and Social Sciences, Don Bosco Institute of Social Work in Žilina, Slovak republic e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: In the conditions of the SR, the issue of poverty is most visible in the slums in the rural or urban environments. In the previous two decades we have witnessed the efforts to meet the strategic and action plans at the national and local levels. The primary pillars of dealing with the issue of the socially excluded localities are based particularly on the data obtained through the Atlas of Roma Communities in Slovakia 2013. The stated database of the localities can be identified and described in its content also through other, already existing data. An example is the Population and Housing Census 2011, which captures a significant amount of indicators. Using the selected indicators, we analysed the selected 150 municipalities through the index ZIP. The paper shows a possible alternative in approach to creating a list of eligible towns and villages. The information about households for specific residential units can be compared in the Slovak Republic related to a territory and also it is possible to evaluate the effects of social policies and measures after time. Keywords: Household; Roma nationality; Project TAKE AWAY; Index of zone of underdevelopment; Index of segregation. 1 INTRODUCTION The issue of socially excluded localities has been presented as a priority area of interest by the representatives of the state and public administration of the Slovak Republic. The number of slums has been increasing constantly 1 and living conditions in these inhabited areas have been 1In 2004, in accordance with the methodology of the Atlas of Roma Communities 2004, there were 149 segregated settlements. The Atlas of Roma Communities 2013 identifies 233 such settlements in the SR, i.e. there was an increase by 84 settlements. 7 worsening in general. The issue of poverty is masked and repressed by intentional creation of an image about “groups of non-adaptable fellow citizens”, which quite often becomes a main topic of political debates. In the recent decade, we have witnessed constant implementations of new social measures of a restrictive character at the national level.2The measures that should have, according to their authors, eliminated poverty in our latitudes. Unfortunately, it has not happened and one measure is replaced by another. Accusations of the unemployed of laziness and unwillingness to work, connected with a loss of social securities, reductionof finance costs of the governments for social security, inadequate support of social housing, indirect support of segregation in the school educational system has become a reality of the “social system” in recent years. The most serious problems of persons living in socially excluded environment include particularly high unemployment rates, overcrowded households, unsatisfactory housing, low incomes, discrimination, etc.3One of the last “projects” implemented on the national level, which might have brought a new perspective and mainly findings of the area of poverty, was data collection by UNDP within the Atlas of Roma Communities 2013. 4 The aim of the Atlas of Roma 2The changes relate particularly to creating pressure to reduce the number of eligible applicants for benefits in material deprivation. From 2014, there is a legal obligation to work 32 hours a month in community service to get the benefits in material deprivation. Also, the amount of the benefit in material deprivation has changed. Since 2009, it was increased (in an individual by 1.10€) for the first time, however, for the price of cancelling the benefit for health care (2.00€), which results in the “increase” by o -0.90€ in an individual. In case of multiple families, real decrease of the amount of the benefit in material deprivation is even more significant, because the benefits for health care were paid per a number of household members. The measures were proposed and prepared with direct participation of the Office of the Plenipotentiary of the Government of the Slovak Republic for Roma Communities; the main role of the Office is to propose, coordinate and supervise the activities leading to solving the problems of the Roma minority and after agreement by the Government of the SR to implement the system solutions to achieve equal status of citizens belonging to the Roma minority in society. 3 More details e.g.: Effective Roma integration measures (European Commission, 2016) 4 The Atlas of Roma Communities 2013, based on the methodology from 2004, was conducted by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in cooperation with the Institute of Romani Studies of the Prešov University, the Office of the Plenipotentiary of the Government of the Slovak Republic for Roma Communities, and the Association of Towns and Villages of Slovakia (ZMOS). The Project is part 8 Communities 2013 is to provide background for public administration, non- profit and private sectors when designing measures and programmes focused on enhancement of living conditions and social