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Autophagy: from Basic Science to Clinical Application
nature publishing group REVIEW See COMMENTARY page XX Autophagy: from basic science to clinical application J Va n L i m b e r g e n 1 , 2 , 3 , C S t e v e n s 4 , E R N i m m o 1 , D C W i l s o n 2 , 3 a n d J S a t s a n g i 1 Autophagy is a cellular pathway involved in protein and organelle degradation, which is likely to represent an innate adaptation to starvation. In times of nutrient deficiency, the cell can self-digest and recycle some nonessential components through nonselective autophagy, thus sustaining minimal growth requirements until a food source becomes available. Over recent years, autophagy has been implicated in an increasing number of clinical scenarios, notably infectious diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmunity. The recent identification of the importance of autophagy genes in the genetic susceptibility to Crohn ’ s disease suggests that a selective autophagic response may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of common complex immune-mediated diseases. In this review, we discuss the autophagic mechanisms, their molecular regulation, and summarize their clinical relevance. This progress has led to great interest in the therapeutic potential of manipulation of both selective and nonselective autophagy in established disease. INTRODUCTION The ability to adapt to environmental change is essential for sur- Autophagy encompasses several distinct processes involving vival. This is true for the organism as a whole and for individual the delivery of portions of the cytoplasm to the lysosome for cells alike. -
Human and Mouse CD Marker Handbook Human and Mouse CD Marker Key Markers - Human Key Markers - Mouse
Welcome to More Choice CD Marker Handbook For more information, please visit: Human bdbiosciences.com/eu/go/humancdmarkers Mouse bdbiosciences.com/eu/go/mousecdmarkers Human and Mouse CD Marker Handbook Human and Mouse CD Marker Key Markers - Human Key Markers - Mouse CD3 CD3 CD (cluster of differentiation) molecules are cell surface markers T Cell CD4 CD4 useful for the identification and characterization of leukocytes. The CD CD8 CD8 nomenclature was developed and is maintained through the HLDA (Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens) workshop started in 1982. CD45R/B220 CD19 CD19 The goal is to provide standardization of monoclonal antibodies to B Cell CD20 CD22 (B cell activation marker) human antigens across laboratories. To characterize or “workshop” the antibodies, multiple laboratories carry out blind analyses of antibodies. These results independently validate antibody specificity. CD11c CD11c Dendritic Cell CD123 CD123 While the CD nomenclature has been developed for use with human antigens, it is applied to corresponding mouse antigens as well as antigens from other species. However, the mouse and other species NK Cell CD56 CD335 (NKp46) antibodies are not tested by HLDA. Human CD markers were reviewed by the HLDA. New CD markers Stem Cell/ CD34 CD34 were established at the HLDA9 meeting held in Barcelona in 2010. For Precursor hematopoetic stem cell only hematopoetic stem cell only additional information and CD markers please visit www.hcdm.org. Macrophage/ CD14 CD11b/ Mac-1 Monocyte CD33 Ly-71 (F4/80) CD66b Granulocyte CD66b Gr-1/Ly6G Ly6C CD41 CD41 CD61 (Integrin b3) CD61 Platelet CD9 CD62 CD62P (activated platelets) CD235a CD235a Erythrocyte Ter-119 CD146 MECA-32 CD106 CD146 Endothelial Cell CD31 CD62E (activated endothelial cells) Epithelial Cell CD236 CD326 (EPCAM1) For Research Use Only. -
Genetic Variation Across the Human Olfactory Receptor Repertoire Alters Odor Perception
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/212431; this version posted November 1, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Genetic variation across the human olfactory receptor repertoire alters odor perception Casey Trimmer1,*, Andreas Keller2, Nicolle R. Murphy1, Lindsey L. Snyder1, Jason R. Willer3, Maira Nagai4,5, Nicholas Katsanis3, Leslie B. Vosshall2,6,7, Hiroaki Matsunami4,8, and Joel D. Mainland1,9 1Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 2Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA 3Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA 4Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA 5Department of Biochemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil 6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York, USA 7Kavli Neural Systems Institute, New York, New York, USA 8Department of Neurobiology and Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA 9Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA *[email protected] ABSTRACT The human olfactory receptor repertoire is characterized by an abundance of genetic variation that affects receptor response, but the perceptual effects of this variation are unclear. To address this issue, we sequenced the OR repertoire in 332 individuals and examined the relationship between genetic variation and 276 olfactory phenotypes, including the perceived intensity and pleasantness of 68 odorants at two concentrations, detection thresholds of three odorants, and general olfactory acuity. -
Deficiency in Class III PI3-Kinase Confers Postnatal Lethality with IBD
ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05105-8 OPEN Deficiency in class III PI3-kinase confers postnatal lethality with IBD-like features in zebrafish Shaoyang Zhao1,2,3, Jianhong Xia2,3, Xiuhua Wu2,3, Leilei Zhang2,3, Pengtao Wang2,3, Haiyun Wang2,3, Heying Li2, Xiaoshan Wang 2, Yan Chen 2, Jean Agnetti2, Yinxiong Li 2, Duanqing Pei2,3 & Xiaodong Shu2,3 The class III PI3-kinase (PIK3C3) is an enzyme responsible for the generation of phospha- tidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), a critical component of vesicular membrane. Here, we report 1234567890():,; that PIK3C3 deficiency in zebrafish results in intestinal injury and inflammation. In pik3c3 mutants, gut tube forms but fails to be maintained. Gene expression analysis reveals that barrier-function-related inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) susceptibility genes (e-cadherin, hnf4a, ttc7a) are suppressed, while inflammatory response genes are stimulated in the mutants. Histological analysis shows neutrophil infiltration into mutant intestinal epithelium and the clearance of gut microbiota. Yet, gut microorganisms appear dispensable as mutants cultured under germ-free condition have similar intestinal defects. Mechanistically, we show that PIK3C3 deficiency suppresses the formation of PI3P and disrupts the polarized dis- tribution of cell-junction proteins in intestinal epithelial cells. These results not only reveal a role of PIK3C3 in gut homeostasis, but also provide a zebrafish IBD model. 1 School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027 Hefei, Anhui, China. 2 CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health-Guangzhou Medical University Joint School of Biological Sciences, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China. -
Structural Basis for Potentiation by Alcohols and Anaesthetics in a Ligand-Gated Ion Channel
ARTICLE Received 10 Jul 2012 | Accepted 28 Feb 2013 | Published 16 Apr 2013 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2682 Structural basis for potentiation by alcohols and anaesthetics in a ligand-gated ion channel Ludovic Sauguet1,2,3,4,*, Rebecca J. Howard5,w,*, Laurie Malherbe1,2,3,4,UiS.Lee5, Pierre-Jean Corringer3,4, R. Adron Harris5 & Marc Delarue1,2 Ethanol alters nerve signalling by interacting with proteins in the central nervous system, particularly pentameric ligand-gated ion channels. A recent series of mutagenesis experi- ments on Gloeobacter violaceus ligand-gated ion channel, a prokaryotic member of this family, identified a single-site variant that is potentiated by pharmacologically relevant concentra- tions of ethanol. Here we determine crystal structures of the ethanol-sensitized variant in the absence and presence of ethanol and related modulators, which bind in a transmembrane cavity between channel subunits and may stabilize the open form of the channel. Structural and mutagenesis studies defined overlapping mechanisms of potentiation by alcohols and anaesthetics via the inter-subunit cavity. Furthermore, homology modelling show this cavity to be conserved in human ethanol-sensitive glycine and GABA(A) receptors, and to involve residues previously shown to influence alcohol and anaesthetic action on these proteins. These results suggest a common structural basis for ethanol potentiation of an important class of targets for neurological actions of ethanol. 1 Unite´ de Dynamique Structurale des Macromole´cules, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France. 2 UMR 3258, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75015 Paris, France. 3 Groupe Re´cepteurs-Canaux, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France. 4 Unite´ de Recherche Associe´e 2182, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75015 Paris, France. -
Steroid-Dependent Regulation of the Oviduct: a Cross-Species Transcriptomal Analysis
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences Animal and Food Sciences 2015 Steroid-dependent regulation of the oviduct: A cross-species transcriptomal analysis Katheryn L. Cerny University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Cerny, Katheryn L., "Steroid-dependent regulation of the oviduct: A cross-species transcriptomal analysis" (2015). Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences. 49. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/49 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal and Food Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. -
Protein Identities in Evs Isolated from U87-MG GBM Cells As Determined by NG LC-MS/MS
Protein identities in EVs isolated from U87-MG GBM cells as determined by NG LC-MS/MS. No. Accession Description Σ Coverage Σ# Proteins Σ# Unique Peptides Σ# Peptides Σ# PSMs # AAs MW [kDa] calc. pI 1 A8MS94 Putative golgin subfamily A member 2-like protein 5 OS=Homo sapiens PE=5 SV=2 - [GG2L5_HUMAN] 100 1 1 7 88 110 12,03704523 5,681152344 2 P60660 Myosin light polypeptide 6 OS=Homo sapiens GN=MYL6 PE=1 SV=2 - [MYL6_HUMAN] 100 3 5 17 173 151 16,91913397 4,652832031 3 Q6ZYL4 General transcription factor IIH subunit 5 OS=Homo sapiens GN=GTF2H5 PE=1 SV=1 - [TF2H5_HUMAN] 98,59 1 1 4 13 71 8,048185945 4,652832031 4 P60709 Actin, cytoplasmic 1 OS=Homo sapiens GN=ACTB PE=1 SV=1 - [ACTB_HUMAN] 97,6 5 5 35 917 375 41,70973209 5,478027344 5 P13489 Ribonuclease inhibitor OS=Homo sapiens GN=RNH1 PE=1 SV=2 - [RINI_HUMAN] 96,75 1 12 37 173 461 49,94108966 4,817871094 6 P09382 Galectin-1 OS=Homo sapiens GN=LGALS1 PE=1 SV=2 - [LEG1_HUMAN] 96,3 1 7 14 283 135 14,70620005 5,503417969 7 P60174 Triosephosphate isomerase OS=Homo sapiens GN=TPI1 PE=1 SV=3 - [TPIS_HUMAN] 95,1 3 16 25 375 286 30,77169764 5,922363281 8 P04406 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase OS=Homo sapiens GN=GAPDH PE=1 SV=3 - [G3P_HUMAN] 94,63 2 13 31 509 335 36,03039959 8,455566406 9 Q15185 Prostaglandin E synthase 3 OS=Homo sapiens GN=PTGES3 PE=1 SV=1 - [TEBP_HUMAN] 93,13 1 5 12 74 160 18,68541938 4,538574219 10 P09417 Dihydropteridine reductase OS=Homo sapiens GN=QDPR PE=1 SV=2 - [DHPR_HUMAN] 93,03 1 1 17 69 244 25,77302971 7,371582031 11 P01911 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, -
4-6 Weeks Old Female C57BL/6 Mice Obtained from Jackson Labs Were Used for Cell Isolation
Methods Mice: 4-6 weeks old female C57BL/6 mice obtained from Jackson labs were used for cell isolation. Female Foxp3-IRES-GFP reporter mice (1), backcrossed to B6/C57 background for 10 generations, were used for the isolation of naïve CD4 and naïve CD8 cells for the RNAseq experiments. The mice were housed in pathogen-free animal facility in the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology and were used according to protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and use Committee. Preparation of cells: Subsets of thymocytes were isolated by cell sorting as previously described (2), after cell surface staining using CD4 (GK1.5), CD8 (53-6.7), CD3ε (145- 2C11), CD24 (M1/69) (all from Biolegend). DP cells: CD4+CD8 int/hi; CD4 SP cells: CD4CD3 hi, CD24 int/lo; CD8 SP cells: CD8 int/hi CD4 CD3 hi, CD24 int/lo (Fig S2). Peripheral subsets were isolated after pooling spleen and lymph nodes. T cells were enriched by negative isolation using Dynabeads (Dynabeads untouched mouse T cells, 11413D, Invitrogen). After surface staining for CD4 (GK1.5), CD8 (53-6.7), CD62L (MEL-14), CD25 (PC61) and CD44 (IM7), naïve CD4+CD62L hiCD25-CD44lo and naïve CD8+CD62L hiCD25-CD44lo were obtained by sorting (BD FACS Aria). Additionally, for the RNAseq experiments, CD4 and CD8 naïve cells were isolated by sorting T cells from the Foxp3- IRES-GFP mice: CD4+CD62LhiCD25–CD44lo GFP(FOXP3)– and CD8+CD62LhiCD25– CD44lo GFP(FOXP3)– (antibodies were from Biolegend). In some cases, naïve CD4 cells were cultured in vitro under Th1 or Th2 polarizing conditions (3, 4). -
Ligand-Gated Ion Channels' British Journal of Pharmacology, Vol
Edinburgh Research Explorer The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16 Citation for published version: Alexander, SP, Peters, JA, Kelly, E, Marrion, N, Benson, HE, Faccenda, E, Pawson, AJ, Sharman, JL, Southan, C, Davies, JA & CGTP Collaborators 2015, 'The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: Ligand-gated ion channels' British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 172, no. 24, pp. 5870-5903. DOI: 10.1111/bph.13350 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1111/bph.13350 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: British Journal of Pharmacology General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 05. Apr. 2019 S.P.H. Alexander et al. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: Ligand-gated ion channels. British Journal of Pharmacology (2015) 172, 5870–5903 THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: Ligand-gated ion channels Stephen PH Alexander1, -
Exome Sequencing Implicates Impaired GABA Signaling and Neuronal Ion Transport in Trigeminal Neuralgia
Washington University School of Medicine Digital Commons@Becker Open Access Publications 10-23-2020 Exome sequencing implicates impaired GABA signaling and neuronal ion transport in trigeminal neuralgia Weilai Dong Yale University Sheng Chih Jin Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis et al Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/open_access_pubs Recommended Citation Dong, Weilai; Jin, Sheng Chih; and et al, ,"Exome sequencing implicates impaired GABA signaling and neuronal ion transport in trigeminal neuralgia." iScience.,. (2020). https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/open_access_pubs/9687 This Open Access Publication is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons@Becker. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Publications by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Becker. For more information, please contact [email protected]. iScience ll OPEN ACCESS Article Exome Sequencing Implicates Impaired GABA Signaling and Neuronal Ion Transport in Trigeminal Neuralgia Weilai Dong, Sheng Chih Jin, August Allocco, ..., Yves De Koninck, Richard P. Lifton, Kristopher T. Kahle [email protected] HIGHLIGHTS Genomic analysis of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) using exome sequencing Rare mutations in GABA signaling and ion transport genes are enriched in TN cases Generation of a genetic TN mouse model engineered with a patient- specific mutation Dong et al., iScience 23, 101552 October 23, 2020 ª 2020 The Authors. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.isci.2020.101552 iScience ll OPEN ACCESS Article Exome Sequencing Implicates Impaired GABA Signaling and Neuronal Ion Transport in Trigeminal Neuralgia Weilai Dong,1,2,27 Sheng Chih Jin,3,27 August Allocco,4,27 Xue Zeng,1,2,27 Amar H. -
Mouse Anti-Human GRID2 Monoclonal Antibody, Clone 2B2 (CABT-B10363) This Product Is for Research Use Only and Is Not Intended for Diagnostic Use
Mouse anti-Human GRID2 monoclonal antibody, clone 2B2 (CABT-B10363) This product is for research use only and is not intended for diagnostic use. PRODUCT INFORMATION Immunogen GRID2 (NP_001501, 908 a.a. ~ 1008 a.a) partial recombinant protein with GST tag. MW of the GST tag alone is 26 KDa. Isotype IgG1 Source/Host Mouse Species Reactivity Human Clone 2B2 Conjugate Unconjugated Applications WB,sELISA,ELISA Sequence Similarities DTLPTRQALEQISDFRNTHITTTTFIPEQIQTLSRTLSAKAASGFTFGNVPEHRTGPFRHRAPNGG FFRSPIKTMSSIPYQPTPTLGLNLGNDPDRGTSI* Format Liquid Size 100 μg Buffer In 1x PBS, pH 7.2 Storage Store at -20°C or lower. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. BACKGROUND Introduction The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the family of ionotropic glutamate receptors which are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain. The encoded protein is a multi-pass membrane protein that is expressed selectively in cerebellar Purkinje cells. A point mutation in the mouse ortholog, associated with the phenotype named lurcher, in the heterozygous state leads to ataxia resulting from selective, cell-autonomous apoptosis of cerebellar Purkinje cells during postnatal development. Mice homozygous for this mutation die shortly after birth from massive loss of mid- and hindbrain neurons during late 45-1 Ramsey Road, Shirley, NY 11967, USA Email: [email protected] Tel: 1-631-624-4882 Fax: 1-631-938-8221 1 © Creative Diagnostics All Rights Reserved embryogenesis. This protein also plays a role in synapse -
The Chondrocyte Channelome: a Novel Ion Channel Candidate in the Pathogenesis of Pectus Deformities
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations Biological Sciences Summer 2017 The Chondrocyte Channelome: A Novel Ion Channel Candidate in the Pathogenesis of Pectus Deformities Anthony J. Asmar Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds Part of the Biology Commons, Molecular Biology Commons, and the Physiology Commons Recommended Citation Asmar, Anthony J.. "The Chondrocyte Channelome: A Novel Ion Channel Candidate in the Pathogenesis of Pectus Deformities" (2017). Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Dissertation, Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/pyha-7838 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds/19 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE CHONDROCYTE CHANNELOME: A NOVEL ION CHANNEL CANDIDATE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PECTUS DEFORMITIES by Anthony J. Asmar B.S. Biology May 2010, Virginia Polytechnic Institute M.S. Biology May 2013, Old Dominion University A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY August 2017 Approved by: Christopher Osgood (Co-Director) Michael Stacey (Co-Director) Lesley Greene (Member) Andrei Pakhomov (Member) Jing He (Member) ABSTRACT THE CHONDROCYTE CHANNELOME: A NOVEL ION CHANNEL CANDIDATE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PECTUS DEFORMITIES Anthony J. Asmar Old Dominion University, 2017 Co-Directors: Dr. Christopher Osgood Dr. Michael Stacey Costal cartilage is a type of rod-like hyaline cartilage connecting the ribs to the sternum.