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Examining the Inner Experience of Left-Handers Using Descriptive Experience Sampling UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 8-1-2013 Examining the Inner Experience of Left-Handers Using Descriptive Experience Sampling Aadee Mizrachi University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Psychology Commons Repository Citation Mizrachi, Aadee, "Examining the Inner Experience of Left-Handers Using Descriptive Experience Sampling" (2013). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 1944. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/4798019 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EXAMINING THE INNER EXPERIENCE OF LEFT-HANDERS USING DESCRIPTIVE EXPERIENCE SAMPLING by Aadee H. Mizrachi Bachelor of Arts in Psychology University of Nevada, Las Vegas 2004 Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology University of Nevada, Las Vegas 2010 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology Department of Psychology College of Liberal Arts The Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas August 2013 Copyright by Aadee H. Mizrachi, 2013 All Rights Reserved THE GRADUATE COLLEGE We recommend the dissertation prepared under our supervision by Aadee Mizrachi entitled Examining the Inner Experience of Left-Handers Using Descriptive Experience Sampling is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy - Psychology Department of Psychology Russell Hurlburt, Ph.D., Committee Chair Jeffrey Kern, Ph.D., Committee Member David Copeland, Ph.D., Committee Member Bo Bernhard, Ph.D., Graduate College Representative Kathryn Hausbeck Korgan, Ph.D., Interim Dean of the Graduate College August 2013 ii ABSTRACT Examining the Inner Experience of Left-Handers Using Descriptive Experience Sampling by Aadee Mizrachi Dr. Russell T. Hurlburt, Examination Committee Chair Professor of Psychology University of Nevada, Las Vegas Research suggests there are anatomical asymmetries of the human brain associated with right-hand or left-hand preference. In addition, left-handedness has been related to a wide range of psychological and physical problems. Despite these relationships, little is known about the inner experience of left-handers. The present study, a replication of Mizrachi (2010) using a larger sample, used Descriptive Experience Sampling (DES) with three objectives: 1) examine the inner experience of left-handers; 2) compare the results of the present study to the results of Mizrachi (2010); and 3) compare the inner experience of left-handers to that of the general population as reported by Heavey and Hurlburt (2008). Of 256 volunteers who completed the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI), 10 identified as being left-handed were invited to participate in the DES sampling of their inner experience. All agreed to do so and engaged in five days of DES sampling. The findings suggest that the inner experience of left-handers is quantitatively and qualitatively different from the inner experience of the general population. Left-handers experience sensory awareness, words experienced without semantic significance, and multiple experience at a substantially higher frequency than the general population. Left- iii handers experience inner seeing, inner speech, and feeling substantially less than the general population. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would first like to thank my advisor, Dr. Russell Hurlburt, for his support, encouragement, and dedication to this project. I would like to thank my committee members, Dr. David Copeland, Dr. Jeffrey Kern, and Dr. Bo Bernhard for their support and meaningful contributions to this project. I would also like to thank the 10 participants who volunteered to participate in the present study for their collaboration and willingness to share private, momentary experiences of their lives. Finally, I would like to thank my family for their endless support, encouragement, patience, and understanding throughout my academic pursuits. I dedicate this to my father, Jakob Mizrachi. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………..... ..iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS……………………………………………………………….. v CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………… 1 Handedness ................................................................................................................... 1 Relationship of Left-Handedness to Other Constructs…………………………… ..... 4 Criminality………………………………………………………………............... ..... 4 Schizophrenia……………………………………………………………………........ 6 Dream Content……………………………………………………………………...... 7 Learning…………………………………………………………………............... ..... 8 Physical Well Being………………………………………………………………...... 9 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder……………………………………………………..... 10 Left-Handedness and Cognition ................................................................................. 12 Left-Handedness and Self-Awareness…………………………………............... ..... 20 CHAPTER 2 INTROSPECTIVE MEASURES………….…………………………….. 25 Understanding Inner Experience................................................................................. 25 Think-Aloud Methods……………………………………………………………..... 26 Thought Sampling………………………………………………………………....... 27 In Vivo Thought Sampling……………………………………………………… ..... 27 Thought-Sampling Method………………………………………………………..... 30 Articulated Thoughts during Simulated Situations……………………………......... 31 Thought-Listing…………………………………………………………………. ..... 34 Forerunners to Modern Sampling……………………………………………….. ..... 34 Flugel’s Method.......................................................................................................... 34 Experience Sampling Method……………………………………………………..... 35 Ecological Momentary Assessment……………………………………………........ 37 Descriptive Experience Sampling………………………………………………....... 39 DES Compared to Other Methods………………………………………………. ..... 42 Commonly Found Characteristics of Inner Experience.............................................. 49 DES and Left-Handedness.......................................................................................... 51 CHAPTER 3 METHOD .. ..……………………………………………………………...53 Phase 1: Qualification Phase……… ………………………………………………...53 Participants………………………………..... ……………………………………….53 Instruments…………………………………..... …………………………………….54 Procedures………………………………………..... ……………………………......55 Phase 2: Orientation Phase………………………........ ……………………………..55 Participants……………………………………………..... ………………………….56 Instruments………………………………………………..... ……………………….56 Procedures……………………………………………………..... ………………......56 Phase 3: Sampling Phase………………………………………… ..... ……………...57 Participants…………………………………………………………………..... …….59 vi Apparatus..……………………………………………………………………… ..... .59 Procedures……………………………………………………………………........... 59 Meetings 1-5: Expositional Interview and Debriefing…………………………........ 60 Data………………………………………………………………………………..... 61 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS……………….…………………… …………………………..64 Table 1 Demographics ................................................................................................ 64 Organization....... .……………………………………………………………………66 CHAPTER 5 “AH”……………….……………………........ …………………………..68 Characteristics of Inner Experience............................................................................ 68 Sensory Awareness ..................................................................................................... 68 Unsymbolized Thinking.............................................................................................. 72 Multiple Experience.................................................................................................... 76 Emotion....................................................................................................................... 77 Inner Speech................................................................................................................ 78 Inner Hearing .............................................................................................................. 80 Feeling......................................................................................................................... 80 Not Semantic Words................................................................................................... 82 Infrequently Occurring Characteristics....................................................................... 82 Inner Seeing ................................................................................................................ 82 Anticipation................................................................................................................. 83 Discussion................................................................................................................... 83 CHAPTER 6 “BP”……………….……………………......... …………………………..84 Characteristics of Inner Experience...........................................................................
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