CHAPTER THREE

CYBELE'S PASSION FOR

Pessinus' version of the Attis legend simply states that the Mother of the Gods and (or) 10ved the extremely handsome young man. 1) Diodorus relates another version which, he says, was also told in . He mentions the love of , I) daughter of king Maion and His wife Dindyme, for 'rWV tyxrop(ov 'rLVtl v£ar.v(axov -rOv TCpOOar.yOp£u6!'£Vov (LEv "AnLv, G(J"C'£pov 3'bm(),,~ar. nIlTCar.v. In Diodorus' story Attis' beautiful and handsome traits are trans­ ferred to Cybe1e herself, who begets a child by him. Classical authors and other artists place the Goddess in the foreground. She is the dominant figure who bound Attis to her by eternal, pure and priestly love. 8) A relief from the Metroon in the (PI. XI) near Athens, ') dedicated to Agdistis and Attis at the beginning of the third or the end of the fourth century B. C., shows Attis in oriental dress sitting on a rock with his pedum leaning against it. In his left hand he holds the syrinx and his right hand is upraised to receive a small jug 11) from Agdistis=Cybe1e. The Goddess is approaching him and is dressed in a low polos, a

1) Paus., VII, 17: ~<; 3~ ~~IX"ordv~ xillou<; 01 ru:'rii" ~)jo" ~ XIXT« ct30<; clv6p~~ou, mcxOOIX TOU ~lXl3b<; 1p6)<; laxcv "AyB'aT'''; Amobius, Adv. Nat., V, 6: hutl(; unies Mater tUum, ewe.fuet'at quod BXesllentissimo, diligebat. Dili­ gebat et Agdestis, blandus aduUo comes ..... I) Diodorus, Ill, S8 (= Hepding, 112 and 16); the neo-platonist Saloustios, De diis et mutulo, IV, 7 recounts that Attis was found on the banks of the river Gallos and was loved by the Mother ('p~ '"" ~ MiJ'"IP TOU"A'TTC6)<;). An inscription from Asia Minor mentions ~lXawu<; "AT(T],<: vc6ylX(I'0<;): H. Chadwick in IThS Ill, 19S2, 9011 with Plates. For Attis vc6y1X1'0<; see also Herod., I, 36. I) See Hepding, 103, n. I concerning Attis as the first priest of Cybele. ') Berlin, Staatliche Museen, Inv. no. 1612; Br. Schr6der in AA XXXIV, 1919, 109; Kekule von Stradonitz, Die w. Sk.l, 201; Kurze Beschreibung der antiken Skulpturen im Alien Museum, Berlin-Leipzig 19221, l09f, no. 1612; RRR, 11, II; J. Leipoldt, Die Religionen in der Umwelt des Urchistentums, Leipzig 1926, fig. 142. I am obliged to Mrs. Huberta von Littrow for the photograph. I) And not a flower, as is generally believed. CYBELE'S PASSION FOR ATTIS 23 girded ionic chiton with peplos, and hoJds a tympanum in her Jeft hand. This is the only relief which gives the interpretation of the myth 1) which later literally repeated. At the same time the relief is the oldest one to tell of the reJation between the mighty Goddess and Attis in such a quiet way. Another relief I) from Greece or Minor dated in the second century B. C. (PI. XII, I) shows both deities in a temple or sacred precinct. The heavy high bronze door has just opened, and a mother and her daughter are entering, bringing fruits and other small gifts to the divine Mother. Full of astonishment the mother raises her right hand, for before her very eyes she sees Cybele herself. She is standing in a majestic attitude, dressed in a nicely draped and folded chiton and himation, and she wears a low crown. The Goddess holds a large staff or sceptre in her right hand and a heavy tympanum in the left one. On her left a fierce lion is crouching, looking towards his master. Before her the beloved Attis is standing, facing directly forward. He wears an oriental cap with two long flaps and is dressed in a long-sleeved tunica, a mantle and long trousers. His right hand rests on his hip and with the left hand he leans upon a long crook whose end rests on a low rock. The artist created a very mighty Goddess who is adored by simple people who bring the first fruits of the harvest to her and who, like , is known as the deity who invented fruit. 8) Other, generally minor representations show the Goddess with her attendant in a hieratic attitude. On a relief from ') or

1) Cumont in PWRE S.v. Gallos. col. 676: "und iiberhaupt ist in Griechen­ land der fremde Gott (=Attis) kaum eingedrungen." I) ColI. Grimani. now in Venice. Archaeological Museum. Inv. no. 118. Ch. Picard in eRA] 1955. 243 believes that the relief represents a scene in the theatre. See also W. H. Schuchardt in die Antike XII. 1936. 104. PI. 7; Bruno Forlati Tamaro. Il Museo a,cMologico del Palazzo reale di Venezia. Rome 1953. 21. no. 17. Concerning the date it should be noted that P. Lam­ brechts. Allis. 47. cf. BBAB XXXIX. 1964. 164 believes that representations of Cybele and Attis together do not occur in the official Roman art before the Antonine period. Standing Cybele and Attis from Capua: Spinazzola. Via Abbondanza, 239 and fig. 268. I) Lucretius. RN. II. 61011: haft(; vanae gentes antiquo moresaerorum/ldaeam voeitam m""em PA'ygiasque eateroas/dam comites. quia pnmum es illis ftnibus edum/per terranum cwbem fruges coepisse erean. t) Unpublished. Izmir Museum, Inv. no. 329. Possibly Roman period.