OrganizingSystenl. oI Tayubperformance (Case Study in KabupatenGrobogaLn in Centralfava)

Rachel Mediana Unturrg' Facultyof PeformingArts, Satya Wacana Chrisrian University, media,]..J'1tung@sta+Lkswedu

ABSTRACT

The ain of this studf is to t'ig rc out a managementmodel of Tayubpethtmance which is perfonled i11 Gtobogah,Centfal The Jaxa. rcsearchbackglo nd is Tayub peformance is stiu prcsemedas a Jalk ai campetingwith thodemaft in this modemen. Thisstudy is basedon socialag!aru) anthrcpology,s rna-nagenektptespectiue. mis stud! wasconducted in a qualifatireresearch by inteloieuiry seienl inhtna ts.Theissue is about eaiy managementaf ftnctiojlat aspectwhici includespitiLLctiorl haftagemenLmarketing, hunlan rcsolltces and Jinafice. Socialary and. anthrapalau's perclrecti|)e sees the methodalogy frotn and htLman'saspecf in management.Thiresulfs showedtiit Jour junctians of mafiagemefit,havefiat beenifiplemented well. yet, Tal/ub perfonnatlce cotl slillbe perfurmed successJully. The rc\e oJ daxcers,k'trawitall graup, guest\eaderc, saufld and light,s operator alZothe hostspirt'otn its rcle pfofessionall!,111 canclusion, the studyt'ound lhat a sllccessfulTayubdn is nat abolt!a fI,od nanogemmt in il but the people thelnsellieswho dedicatetheir abilities, a goad underctandillg ij1 oietxtatiofi pracessand highly entreprenewial spirit. AcademicaLly,this reseirch aims ta rcaeal how Tayub'smanagefient model is. Prcctically, this rcsult canbe used by the gol)ernmentta empozaersocia- economics'community life as well as to preserL)eTa!l.\b's pert'ormance.

Keryards : Tay b perfarma ce, mdnagementaf prcdlrction, marketiflg, hunan resal.jcesand finance, c1lltractualjob, prafessianaL, a d enbepreneuialspilit.

INTRODUCTION Tayub performanceor is well-known as tayuban is often showed as an entertairrnent of family's least in Central Java. Besides forente*ainment, Tayuban is also showed as thanksgivingritual for haNest crops.From its form, Tayubanis an intimate dancingbetween men and women. Usually, the women dancerwill be a central dancerson the stageand they will invite male audiencetodance together. This dancing is accompaniedby gamela4 which plays Javanesesong's composition sung by Silden (Javanesesinger), This perforrnancedominates in rural communitiesrather than in a big city. In Java, tayuban is well-known in Pati, Blor4 Jepar4 SrageryGrobogary and Wonogiri (Soedarsono, 2002;Dandang Achmad DaIlarL 2005;Sri RochanaWidyastutieningrum, 2007). ln the mid of 2013,A huge Tayub Festivalwas held in Purwodadi Grobogar-rand the participantscame over fuom various citiesin Central and EastJava. Tayub is well-known as a dance performance,wt'erc logeddancer (female dancers) is the main element on the show. Some literature review stated many wotds for the word 'dancer' such as ledek, ronggeng,gambyongan, and gandrung (Soedarsono,2002; Srinthil, 2003;Dandang Ahmad Dahlary 2005).In Grobogan,commonly people say ledek but actually the word 'lede,t'itselfrefers them asjoged. The joged danceand sing at the sametime on the stage.The group of gamelaninstluments or karawitan accompaniesthe song (ge,?dirg)which sung by the danceritself. The number of dancerscan be three or more and it dependson the host.The stageis setadrusting the locationwhere the celebrationwill beheld.lt is usuallyheld

10$ !CAJ!\S: lntdnatbnl Conferetcefar Asia Prcif' Arts Sta1i6 in a front of yard's host The host should build temPorarystage since the Performanceis held in the yard. Lighting and sound systemare well-organized with the stage The audiencemostly are from hosf"sfam"ilies, neighbors, and invited guests.The audienceare welcomed and suggested nk to sit around the stage.there is a table neal the audiencewhere we can fueelyeat and d is served with food and beverige that havebeen Plovided by the host Commonly food which depends on the 1ocal"ssuch as sticky dce, ftesh banana,boiled Peanuts,and othel snacks lunch or dinner' The drinks that Be;ides that, it is Possiblethe host can Provide a simple commonly servedis tea or coffee,and both bottle and plastic cuP mineral water' Somehosts oreDareb;ers for the audienceswho still want to stayuntil midnight or even dawn' The main eventin Tayubanpetiormance is when the Suestsare invited to dancewith the dancer on the stage.Especially the male guestsare welcomed to danceWomen usually only involve in prepating meals and watching the Perfomance.Tayubanstarts from noon to eveningor eveningto midnight ln generaLtayuban startsfrom9 pm r'ntil midniSht' Thereate many researchon Tayubhas done by many exPerts(Dandang Ahmad Dahlan, 2005,Endang Ruth et al, 2005iAgus Cahyono,2006; and Sri RochanaWidyastutieningrum, 2007).The researchmostly analyzetayub basedon textual and contextualapProach Previous researchwas conductedby BenSuharto in 1999.Even though du ng British colonizatior!tayub is also siated in the literature by cultural researcheras in llistory of Java(Thornas Stanford Raffles,1965) and Lle Religionof laaa(Cllflord Geeru, 1960),A rotgSengbecomes main role in a novel titled RonggengDLlkuh P6ruk (Ahmad Tohad, 1982).Sudarsono, as a culture expert has conductedInany researchrelated to tayuban asa public art, Thoseprevious studiesstated that tayub relatesto the history, Iunction symbol genderand alsoproduction. This researchis conductedto figure out production managementspecifically model's management in ta)"uban which is perfo.med in Grobogan. The researchquestion in this researchis what kind of managementmodel that is applied in Grobogan'stayub pedormance?

METHODS

This study is categotizedas a qualitativeresearch and this is regardedas a contextual aspects.Thisstudyisaqualitativeresearchandthisalsousesomeapproaches(multi-disciplinary) asmanagement perspective, anthropology, sociology, and performancestudies.The collection of data is a way to collect the necessarydata in this study. It was done severaltechniques for data collectionas follows: library shrdy, obseNation,interviews, and documentationThe qualitativedata is collectedftom interyiews,recordings, written document+photographs and field notes.After the data collectio4 then the data is identified and patterned accordingto their characte sticsand are relatedoi connectedto the phenomena.In an analysisof a socio- cultural phenomenonneedsa way of thinking rationally arld systematical(MasriSingarirnbun '1999). and Sofian Eftendi, The qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques,by describingthe lactswhich arethen followedby analysis(NyomanKutha Ratna, 2004). . Literature shows that performanceshould be rnanagedby an organization or group that arrange when and where the show is done (Achsanpermas at ai],2003). To organize perJormanceactivities, it should requiresknowledge management organization. Management will assistperforming arts orgadzations to achievegoals effectivelyandefficiently (Achsan Permas,2003). Based on this view, art organizationrequires knowledge of functional aspects of management,which includes managementoI productiory markeiing human resources and financial. Production management is one oI functions managemenLin producing a product. Organizations'products inperlormanceorganizations is the performanceitself. The perlormancehave dimension of shape,space and time (Haryono, 200t).Dimensionallorm is

109 ht"r sc.h4 EploaetaE. rrcah\< 416atu! 8.to4d a form of pedormance.Dimensional spaceis a context of art when it sho\rs. Dimension of time is the time or duration of the performance. In ta).ub performances, the dimension form is a paired dancing where it involves female dancet and the male's audiencethat can dance together.Dimensional spaceis when performanceis done in the context of the time.Time dimensionoccuis when the dancingtales place.Time is an important aspectina perfotmance. Aspect of production is how an organizationptepares and implements pefonnance's plan. Evaluation should be held to evaluatethe implementation.Preparation involves people who are in chargeo{ the event.They should be trained or joined in rehearsaland discussedin a good meeting coordination. Marketing management involves the distribution aspect oI tayuban performance. Tayub performance is usua.lly held by a family which celebratestheir thanksgiving (birthday, wedding day, and good harvest). This aspect is to know how the organization decides marketing strategies,markets' targetanddo the promotion. Cteatinga good promotion plan is a good start to competewith competitors. Humanresourcesrnanagement shows the structureof the organizationor the division of people in a performance.Human resourcesis neededto ensurethe capability of people in organizationto workbased on their capability, Iinancial aspectsof the organization or financial managementis to make sure the financialoperation is planned.Through the financialaspects of the research,it will be described how to manage resourcesand to use those funds. Through the study, it will be presented how to obtain {lrndinS sources.What is the funding sourceor the organization of capital to borrow capital?Use of funds in p nciple be used for operationalactivities and lor treasury organization.

RESULTSAND DISCUSSION Ploductidn Management A production of the performancebegan with the initiative of the organizers.The organizers itself usually a household.Usually the household have a plan for celebrateof somethin& such as like birthdays, weddings, arld other life cycle events(4qiq4fr-.ircumcision fot a gitl, khitatuan-circumcisionIor a bo, etc.). The household as a host €ontact the pafties which they needs.Generally, the partieswhich involves are the dancer(/o8ed), hosting guest (pangatih tan ), finsic.ar., (penyauit gamelan), and master of ceremony, sound system, lightin& stage equipment and video shooting. Through their social relation and taste, the host can choose freely any o{ partnels that they need. Some of the names of the fogedhave already in their mind before contactthe ioged. The Togedmanager, Dwi in an inteNiew in May 2014 shov/sthat in August 2014the logedhe managehasbeenfullbooked. Mrs. Giantini, the famous lo3ed ftom Grobogan will perform tayub since the first day of August in the end. Booking the Jogedcould be done six months before or after. It could possible book the foged at any time when the foSedis availableat that day. After bookin& all padies will accepta down payment (parler)as the deal for their seNices.The amount of the dor m payment could be discussed between tllem. "Even there is no do\//n payment if the time is right we will not refuse the of{er," said Dwi, the Jogedmanager.

Markeling Management Marketing orientedto atrlparties involve4 namely the organizers,organizing partners, actorc and spectatorsin art (Achsan Peimas,2002). Since that, the organization should deline marketing plan, target marketing, and promotion. In the marketing plan, the parties concemedwith how to do marketing. In art, the o entation can be direcied to the woik of ari (aft for aft) or directed to the market (for art maft). In the production of fayr, pe ormance,

110 ICAPI.S: laterndtioMl C.nfereh.eJar Asid Prcific Ans Stu11id the actors and the parties such as dancer don't really need a Promotion Promotion that they did is not making and distributing fliers, ol any other kind of rnedia which declares themself as a good dancer.The promotion that they done is to Pedolm as well as possible in the stage that they was invited. The loged will come on time as well as the aPPointment before, dressingin a good mamer, singing and dancing well, and also to behavewell too' make a good imPressionto This is that the fogeddone to Promote themselves.They want to anyonethe servicefor. When they perform properlp it will directly lead to a good impression' This assessmentis one important asPectin their marketing Dwi Purwar.toas a jogedmafiager, said that when they receivethe down Payment, they must be consistent.They will refuse another down payment in a gr€ater value fol the same day offer. The down Payment is like a commitment,so it coutd not be withdrawn. If they receivethe greatel value, the host will be disappointed and ce*ainly the story of rejectionwill be a bad marketinS "Obstaclessuch as lains, floodt and lightning doesnot stoPto Presenti4ylb," said Dwi Purwanto Not only the joged who done this kind of marketin& the musicians too. When they received the down payment they will consequentlyobey it. They will not temPtedby the higher doe!'nPayment which of{er by another messenger.Either the sound systemcompany do also.They already have a scheduleto prepare sound and stageequipment. They do not do a real promotion like planing a good campaignbut they want to fulfill a good serviceas the gamelanmusician (pengrawit).This example shows that the parties are less concernedwith the promotion campaignbut they v/ant to perform perfectly. The paties got the order by phone or a messengetwho cameto their office or house. Becauseof her tight schedule,Giantini was help by her husband,Dwi Purwanto to oiganize the schedule.Dwi Pulwanto becomea managerfor his wife and note every offer oI fay b. He note all the idyrb schedulesince 15 yearsbefore and fteely to look at his big book of the track rccofi. of talub performance.The messengercould be a friend of the pafties or could be part of the iayubhobbies. From this messengeror it could be call as a broket the other partieswill get orders.Generall, thosewho get the order will seethe existing schedule.If there are no performanceon that date,then the next discussionis talking about the value for money of the servicesthey would do. The down payment will be paid to make a deal of the offer. With the receiptof the advancepayment the pa*y haspromised to provide servicesat apredetermined time.

Human ResourcesManagement

Human resouicesmanagement is properly to ensurethe ability of the people in the organization can be used optimal (AchsanPermas, 2003). To assistthe work of all parties in carrying out their duties, the thing that should be done is specifythese jobs, grouping the jobs in many unit, and divide the tasks to membersby their interests,talents and abilities. Thesethree things are going to be ineffectiveif there are no mechanismsto coordinate the work unit. In tayrb perfoimances,can be specifiedparties as like the dancer (/oged),hosting geest (pangatih tafiu), n..nsiciar. (pengrowit gafielan), and.mastet of ceremony, sound system, lighting, stageequipment and video shootingand alsothe male dar\cer(pengibifld, The duty for the foged is dancing and singing in stage. The pattem of movement of dancing is similar to Gambyong (Widyastutieningrum, dance 2007). The sing Javanese sorrg,gending. Ioged tn Crobonganusually dtessedin a short-sleevedkebaya (Javanese female shirt), batik as a long dress,wearing a scarf around her waist and hair in a bun. They were classifiedfrom their skill, the seniors (/ogedfibok-mbokat) and )vniol.s Qogedwl.trukan). Both remain fogedto sing and dancewhile standing.The senior one could sing many kinds oI gending with their caracter. ,'Giantini, The yunior one haven't have a good skill asthe senior. Sri, Laksmi and other senior have kno\,\'nto sing with a good twist of several song," said pardi as an active male dancer (pengibing)."Wurukan dancer must leam to sing that fits with the stlye of mbok-mbokan

111 Intarectinq R.loryinas: CreativeArts and Beraid dancer,"he saidfurther.In the stage,there is generallya mbok-mbokanand wurukan dancers. When the tay?, performanceonly involve threefoged, then the seniordancer is only oneperson and the others are juniors. Thusjoged senior regenerafion by involving /ogedjuniors. The junior dancersincrease their skill all by the own" like practicingat home using a karaokemedia. On the stage, the junior /bgedwill sing popular songs, especially the song that is a trend and it's not a difficult song to sing. The seniorswill sing the more difficult song. Tlre stagemanager is shown by the hosting gae6t(peng\rih frfl?r). The hosting guest manage the mobility of person in stage.He will manage the atdience, especiallythe male dancer (pefigibind. The hosting guest will preparc a card (fanda beksr)to a person to dance in a good order. One of the criteria o{ the hosting guestis that they should know the guest.So commonly the hosting guestis camefrom the samedisttict with the host. Generallythere are two hosting guest.The first person will be in the middle of the audienceand managewhich guestswill be dancein the order. The 6rst order is always given to the host. After the host and his famil, then the hosting guest allowed to othe6 audience. The joged will give a scarf (sele gdang)at\d, the male dancer(penglbirg) will hang it on their shoulder.The hosting guest will protect the savetyof the iosrd. Hosting guestsalso is in chargeof collectingmoney {rom lhe pengibing whicl' .a11sawetan, The pengibing placed. the money in the middle of the scarl Iolds dan the hosting guest take the money and put it inside a containerof bozdrg(one oI gamelaninstruments). Both hosting guestswere men and dlessedlike a typical Javanesmas as like using beskap(Javanese jacket) with long pants, and batik cloth. They used blangkon, a Javanesehat for male and their facewas makeup as like the caracter.Sometimes too, hosting guestsdress up like a characterin a Javanesepuppet, Petruk.Sometimes too, they dress up like buto or dashingfigure in Javaneselegend. The masterof the ceremonyarange the eventwhich brought in Javaneselanguage and manners.The eventcouldbe divided astwo, the ceiemonialand the enteftainment.Ceremonial is when the joSedcome to the stageand they sh,owa Gafibyotlgdance. Followed by another dance,Slili1?g dance by the hosting guest.Both dancehave a samepurpose, to respectthe host and guest.After completingthe ceremonial,then followed by entertainment.The ente*aining is when the guestwas invited to the stagein order manner.The male danceras the audience doesnot need to dressup like a hosting guest,which is quite well-dressed. The host or the house hold have a duty to organize the event and pay for all of the operatroncost. The first thing that should be done is to contactthe partieswhich willbe in part of the event.The hostswill pay the fee foi servicesthat they will accept.Each house hold held an event in accordance with their abilides. Knowing sophisficated event or not is to obseive the amount of the /oged. The smallest event is when there are only three joged. The amount of 12Jogedan more is a ext(emeevent. Parties which served as accompanist for the joged and provide for musicai atmosphere are the group of gamelan playe$ (penyawif).This parties usually have permanentmembers and consistsof aminimum of 12person to 30.To play gamelantakes 14 to 16people.Alihough all of rnemberof the group of karawitan could play the differ instrument but d1epercussion instrument (kerdarg)should be played by the skilltull person.A pait of the member should become a male singer (?rtyogo)which will sing with the loged.The group o{ gamelan musician could be dressin an uniform (beskp o! other) or just a daily fashion. The sound system,lighting system,and the stageequipment is usually organizedin a one company, or known in the package system. Knowing the cost and the demand is to obseNe the size of the stage. After knowing the size of the stage, it will be determined the number and specificationof sound and iight. The company also provide tablesand chairsfor guests.The operator will prepare their equipment one day before.They will unload their equipment in the day after the pedorrnance.Thus the company/steam at leastspend two nights at the site.

712 lCt'Pt'S, Ikternoti.nal CanJbrentelar Asia Prctf. Artr StuI1ia\ lvhen there are many orders,the oPeratordoes not evenreturn home becauseevery day they should provide the sewices. ittglblng is the audiencewho wanted to dancewith the losdd They danceand rnove their body iccorirpany to the rhythm of the song and standing by side with the Joged Generaly dunc"." of g.,""ts w".e nrale.Although there is no prohibition for women todance together who dan'ed wllt. The pefiSibing Joged, but in lact rarely encouatered {emale audience idged pr:eparemoney at leasi np. fO,OOO.OOplaced in the middle of the scarf folds Scawesvr'ill be acceptedonce went on stageand give itback to the hosting Suestswhile leaving the stage' The sixth patties mention above have an aPProPriateduties without any Previous commandorcoordination. All Partiesstand on thefuol\m without join in a single organization the The logeddoes not kains their skill with the gamelan musician (pen{auit) Likewise, pen!fiwit do not .oordinate with other parties.The mechanismfor the coordinationis going on stage,on the spot when the perfolmancebegan

Financial Management Financialmanagement means managing finances in accordancewidl the management process as the planr-ring, organizing, actuating and controlling (Achsan Permas, 2003). In practice, the initial step is to develop a financial plan. In finarcial planning, is about the money: when the money is received, when the money is spent, how is the balance, when to invest and when in debt. It will show a balancesheet that descdbesthe organization'sfinancial position. In the show ta}''ub,the partiesare notjoined in an organization.In apreviousopinion it states that theseparties stand on their own lvithout beingin the samemanagement. Only the gamelan musicianis a single organizationwith members.,loge.lwas appointed asrequestedby the host not was appointedby the head of the organization.It was alsofor the hosting guest masterof ceremont and the stageequipment company,Thus, it will not be seenabalance sheet which expressof the financialposition. Toget a balance,what \//e can do is observingthe costof the income and expenditure budget of tayub performances.It will be taken into accountfor the expendifureoI small-scale pedormances(3joged) and large scale(12joged). Components in expenditureinclude making invitationt renting of sound-lighting-stageequipment, decorations, food and beverage,and Iee (joged,master of ceremony,hostingguess, gamelan musician, andbrokers). In small scale, the expenditurewill leach approximately 20 million rupiah. In large scale,expenditure will reachapproximately 40 million. A host should pay lor the entire costof production. In the statementabove, then that will be the question is where does the budget tevenue?Income can be observedfrom cash and non-cashincome. Cash income is the money that is o\ /ned or savingsdedved from the host. The host can sell his property such as cattle (cows,goats and otheri). There is also the inclusion of tayub hobby is twho volunta ly cont buted in cash.In addition they have a money gathedng system, as called aisan.Somefamilies join an organization that can raise money on a regularbasiseach month. Beforehelding a celebratiorythehostwill ask the chance of geiting a loan in this dr"isansystem. Not on\' cash income but an non_cashincomecould possibly receiveby the host is a s.inomansystem.sitloftarl is giving donations to those who have a celebtation.Donations in generalare things such as rice, tobacco,sugar, cooking oil, drynoodles,bananas, andother snacks. These donations will be given to the h;st and the host '('ill record the donation. r\tren the time lor the orher hosts wi[ hord a celebratiorLthe host before will retum the donation of equal value. If someonehad donatedl0o kiloqrams of rice. then the next host will passthe donation of 100kilograms of rice.All non_cashjonations can be used for operationalevents, such asthe mealsfor the event.However,the host can alsocash thesenon-cash donations. lrtelsettihg BelonEinas:Credtiw Arts ald Berah.l

CONCLUSION The resultsshowed that the four functions of managementare not fully done yet well organized.Thisis understandablebecause all elementsof production iys not joining in the one organization,but separateand thereis no coordinationbetween the Parties.An impoltant point to observeis that all elementsof the production of awoik that is confractual (Cary DesslerandchweeHuatTa&2009). The work of a contractualmeans startinS and ending a predeterminedjob.Inthework, the workers arerequired to perform their dutiesprofessionally, This has been done by all parties involved in the show ta1'ub. In the statement can be obseNed more that all elementsoI the production has seenan opporfunity to createworks of art and business.Thetayub performeis are able to identify opPortunities and take risks as well as resilient to theseopportunities. Exposureanalysis shows that all elementsof the production oI the show was doing entrepieneuishipspirit(Irham Fahmt 2003;AgusW. Soehadi,2011). This studies sho r that the model management which carried out by elements production in Grobogan was dependenteach other and indicating that they were able to create chances. Opporfunities it creates attachment to one another. They were able to show the function of each duties in a professionaland responsibleway. This model can be used to influ€nce the potential of thecommunity. ln this study show that every Profession seliously run it will b ng employment opportunities.

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