DOCSLIB.ORG

Peace, Federalism and Human Rights

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Peace, Federalism and Human Rights Peace, Federalism and Human Rights Papers presented at the First Graduate Conference on Peace,Federalism and Human Rights August 12-13, 2015 Copyright 2016 Institute for Peace and Security Studies (IPSS) The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IPSS Preface The Institute for Peace and Security Studies (IPSS) of Addis Ababa University took the initiative of organizing annual graduate conferences particularly catering for PhD candidates with the belief that the quality of a PhD dissertation will be improved with every opportunity the candidate gets to present it in front of a critical audience. After all, a PhD program should be accompanied by as many opportunities as possible for candidates to present, and thereby further sharpen, their draft findings. The IPSS is proud to present such an opportunity, titled ‘Graduate Conference on Peace, Federalism and Human Rights’, for PhD students based in Ethiopia and beyond. The first edition of the Graduate Conference was held on 12 and 13 August 2015 at the premises of the Institute. There was a high response to the widely advertised call for abstracts, indicating the need for such graduate conferences. Of the 42 abstracts received, 15 were selected for presentation at the conference through a double-blind selection process by reviewers from the Center for Federal Studies, Center for Human Rights and the IPSS. The sessions where these papers were presented at were also chaired by experienced researchers from the abovementioned Centers/ Institute. The authors benefited significantly from the critical reflections of the audience as well as the chair persons. It is the belief of the Institute that the authors will take the lessons from the conference and use the same in their PhD work as well as in their academic career. Of the 15 papers presented during the conference, eleven are included in this publication. All fifteen authors were given the opportunity to further strengthen their papers using inputs gained at the conference, and then by an assigned reviewer. Only eleven responded to the second round of revision, and these papers were further subjected to proof readings and copy-editing works. The Institute believes that this publication process will be a positive contribution to the experience of graduate students. Organization of the conference and the publication of this proceeding came to successful culmination thanks to the concern and hard work of various individuals. The coordinators of the Regular PhD program in Peace and Security, Yonas Tariku and Fana Gebresenbet, came up with the idea and consulted me. As Director of the Institute, I was pleased with the idea and further pushed it to the Director of the Africa Peace and Security Program, Ms. Michele Michelle Ndiaye, to finance it. She agreed to finance the full expenses of the first Graduate Conference. Therefore, I take this opportunity to thank her and the PhD coordinators. Yonas and Fana further took the responsibility of organizing the event, with the active assistance of the finance, outreach and communications team of the Institute. I also thank colleagues from the Centers for Federal Studies and Human Rights, and those from the IPSS who took part in the selection of abstracts, in the revision of papers, and those who took their time to attend and comment on presented papers. Costs related to the publication of this proceeding are covered by the assistance the Austrian Development Agency (ADA) gives to the PhD program in Peace and Security Studies. Kidane Kiros (PhD), Director, Institute for Peace and Security Studies Addis Ababa University ii Peace, Federalism and Human Rights Opening Speech Dr. Melaku Wakuma Director, Graduate Programs Addis Ababa University Dr. Kidane Kiros, Director of the Institute for Peace and Security Studies; PhD students, presenters and other attendees It is with great pleasure that I stand here before you to say a few words and officially open the First Graduate Conference on Peace, Federalism and Human Rights organized by the Institute for Peace and Security Studies. As you well know, Addis Ababa University is striving to strengthen its graduate programs, particularly the quality of its PhD programs. The University is shouldering the responsibility of training the future professors of the 30+ Universities throughout the country. By corollary and inevitably, the quality of education in these Universities will depend on the quality of the PhD programs we offer here at Addis Ababa University. In recognition of this responsibility, the Graduate Programs Office is assisting Departments/Institutes in the design of new PhD programs as well as the strengthening of those already running. The task at hand however is too much to be left to the Graduate Programs Office of the University. It is to be shared by individual Departments/Institutes of the University as well as students. The initiative the IPSS took to organize and host this graduate conference is to be applauded in this respect. Despite their obvious importance, such conferences specifically dedicated to PhD students are rare (not to say inexistent) in Ethiopian Universities. As you well know, among the very important measures of quality of a PhD work is the extent to which the work has been presented at conferences and published. This conference gives PhD students the opportunity to share their work with the academic community and to publish part of their findings. It is through such processes that a PhD dissertation gets refined, and its quality improved. It is only through the exposition of one’s work to critical audiences (which I hope this room will be) that PhD students can improve their work. Thus, I thank the Institute for Peace and Security Studies for organizing this conference, and hope that other Departments/School’s will take lessons from this event and follow suit in coming years. I wish you all fruitful deliberations, and officially open the conference. Peace, Federalism and Human Rights iii Contents Preface i Opening Speech ii Insights into Methodological Processes and Analytical Cautions in Interpretive Approach to Inter-Group Conflict Research: Experience from Empirical ResearcProcess in Eastern Ethiopia Jeylan Wolyie Hussein 1 Ethnic Identity And Associated Factors Among University Students In Ethiopia Ashebir Demeke 18 Federalism and Peace in Ethiopia: Current Achievements and Challenges Temesgen Thomas Halabo 41 Ethnic federalism and the effective political participation of minorities in Ethiopia Beza Dessalegn 58 Religion and the Secular State Order: The Ethiopian Experience Mohammed Dejen 74 A Tortuous Path to ‘Democratic’ Transition in Ethiopia: A Political Economy Perspective Henok Getachew 94 Liberal Peace Agenda in Post-1991 Ethiopia: Merits and Challenges Mesay Hagos Asfaw 116 African Peace Support Operations (PSOs): Sites for Deepening the United Nations’ Cooperation with Regional Organizations Dawit Yohannes Wondemagegnehu 129 The Future of Small Arms in Pastoral Lowlands of the Horn of Africa: A case of the Nyàngatom people in southwest Ethiopia Mercy Fekadu Mulugeta 143 Alliance Formations and Security Implications in the Horn of Africa: Ethiopia with its Neighbors Andualem Zewdie Belaineh 156 The Dynamics Of Security Threats To The Horn States: Implications For “Prisoners Of Geography” Yohannes Tekalign Beza 180 iv Peace, Federalism and Human Rights PART I Peace, Federalism and Human Rights v vi Peace, Federalism and Human Rights Insights into Methodological Processes and Analytical Cautions in Interpretive Approach to Inter-Group Conflict Research: Experience from Empirical Research Process in Eastern Ethiopia Jeylan Wolyie Hussein1 Abstract The objective of the paper is twofold. The first part discusses how the theoretical and methodological perspectives of interpretive approach to inter-group conflict research interacted and influenced one another in my study. Based on my experience I argue that those who adapt interpretive paradigm to study the history, meanings, processes and impacts of intergroup conflicts should integrate a range of interconnected and mutually reinforcing methods that can enhance the multidimensional understanding of the problem. The paper reveals why and how my study involved complex back and forth movement between research problems, paradigms and methods. The second part of the paper discusses the centrality of framing in identity-based conflict research and provides some ethical cares which researchers should make when they organize and interpret their respondents’ framing of conflicts. Introduction Research methods and approaches are guided by paradigms and related philosophical assumptions. Paradigms are a set of beliefs, world views, and assumptions about the world. According to Denzin & Lincoln (2003: 33), paradigm is an interpretive framework. It is ‘a net that contains the researcher’s epistemological, ontological and methodological premises.’ The four well known paradigms are the positivist, post-positivist, constructivist and critical paradigms. Out of these four known paradigms, my study adhered largely to the interpretive (constructivist) paradigm. This paradigm stands in dialectical opposition to the positivist and post-positivist paradigms. This paradigm has its roots in the idealist philosophy of Kant and in the post- modernism and post-structuralism. A principal assumption of the paradigm is that there is no single, external reality that can be accurately predicted, described, explained
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Violent Conflict Implications of Mega Projects in Nyangatom Woreda, Ethiopia by Fana Gebresenbet, Mercy Fekadu Mulugeta and Yonas Tariku
    Briefing Note #5 - May 2019 Violent Conflict Implications of Mega Projects in Nyangatom Woreda, Ethiopia By Fana Gebresenbet, Mercy Fekadu Mulugeta and Yonas Tariku Introduction This briefing note explores conflict in the past 10 years Key Findings in the Nyangatom Woreda of South Omo Zone, South- • Recorded, violent incidents have shown a ern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ region, Ethiopia. decline in 2017/18; The Nyangatom are one of the 16 ethnic groups indig- enous to the Zone. They are found at the southwest- • Cattle raiding remains the most frequent violent ern corner of the Zone adjacent to two international act; boundaries with South Sudan and Kenya. • The decline of violent incidents is not indicative of positive peacebuilding efforts; The study is situated in a physical and political envi- ronment that has shown rapid change due to dam • Changing resource access is a reason for the and large-scale agricultural projects. The Lower Omo decline of violence with some groups and the witnessed rapid transformation over the past decade, increase of violence with others, discouraging following the construction of the Gilgel Gibe III dam, interaction with some and encouraging it with large sugar cane plantations, factories and other others; investments, along with some infrastructural and • According to zone and woreda officials the demographic change. safety net (particularly distribution of food) This briefing is part of a research project “Shifting In/ program is also instrumental in the decline of equality Dynamics in Ethiopia: from Research to Appli- violence; cation (SIDERA).” The project explores environmen- • The decline of violence has to be comple- tal, income and conflict dynamics after the state-led mented with acts of genuine efforts to build development interventions.
    [Show full text]
  • Building Peace in Eastern Africa
    International Peace Academy Makerere University, Uganda Africa Peace Forum, Kenya Building Peace in Eastern Africa Rapporteurs: Dr. Dorina A. Bekoe and Dr. Paul Omach DECEMBER 2002 ■ ENTEBBE, UGANDA Acknowledgements International Peace Academy’s Africa Program gratefully acknowledges the support of the governments of Denmark, Finland, Germany, and the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DFID). About IPA’s Africa Program The seminar on building peace in Eastern Africa, organized jointly by the International Peace Academy (IPA), the Faculty of Social Sciences at Makerere University (Uganda), and the Africa Peace Forum (Kenya), took place in Entebbe, Uganda, from 16 to 18 December 2002. The meeting involved about fifty diplomats, soldiers, academics, and civil society actors, drawn largely from Eastern Africa, and was the third in a series of three policy seminars to address ways in which Africa’s sub-regional organizations can increase their capacity to manage local conflicts. The seminar was also part of the IPA Africa Program’s current three-year project (2000-2003) on developing regional and sub-regional security mechanisms in Africa. This work followed seven years of collaboration between IPA and the Organization of African Unity (OAU) between 1992 and 1998. In a bid to enhance African efforts at developing regional and sub-regional security mechanisms, IPA is working with partner institutions in Africa to: • Assess major challenges faced by sub-regional organizations in Africa in their efforts
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliographic Guide to Further Reading
    BIBLIOGRAPHIC GUIDE TO FURTHER READING The historical, memoir, travel, and technical literature on Ethiopia is immense and continually growing. A complete bibliography would require a very thick volume. Included below are most of the major books cited in the text. Journal articles, pamphlets and monographs are not included. Many worthwhile books from my own collection not specifically referenced in the footnotes have been added. Books in languages other than English, German, French, Italian and Portu­ guese are not listed. Among the most valuable sources for research on Ethiopia are the proceedings of the triennial International Ethiopian Studies Conferences (IESC), the most recent of which were held in East Lansing, Michigan in September 1994 and in Kyoto,Japan in Decem­ ber 1997. The former produced 2,372 pages of papers published as New Trends in Ethiopian Studies (2 vols. Red Sea Press, No. 1994). The latter resulted in 2,345 pp. of papers published as Ethiopia in Broader Perspective (Shokado, Kyoto, 1997, 3vols). The 14th IESC is scheduled to take place in Addis Ababa in November 2000. Many other volumes of conference proceedings have been published in Ethiopia and elsewhere during the past three decades. With only a few except­ ions, these have not been listed below. HISTORY AND CULTURE, GENERAL Berhanou Abebe, Historie de lithiopie d'Axoum ala revolution, Maison­ neuve et Larose, Paris, 1998. E. A. Wallis Budge, History ofEthiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia, Methuen, London, 192R David Buxton, The Abyssinians, Thames & Hudson, London, 1970. Franz Amadeus Dombrowski, Ethiopia sAccess to the Sea, EJ. Brill, Leiden, 1985. Jean Doresse, Ethiopia, Elee, London, 1959.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Early Warning Systems in Conflict Prevention in Africa: Case
    UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI INSTITUTE OF DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES ROLE OF EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS IN CONFLICT PREVENTION IN AFRICA: CASE STUDY OF THE ILEMI TRIANGLE PETERLINUS OUMA ODOTE REG NO- R80/96588/2014 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES. NOVEMBER 2016 DECLARATION This PhD dissertation is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other university. __________________________ __________________________ Peterlinus Ouma Odote DATE (Candidate) This PhD dissertation has been submitted for examination with our approval as the University of Nairobi supervisors: _______________________________ ________________________ Prof. Maria Nzomo DATE (First Supervisor) _______________________________ ________________________ Prof. Peter Kagwanja DATE (Second Supervisor) i DEDICATION To my wife Judith Linus Akedi, my daughter Tiffany Linus Adela and my Mother Monica Samba for the unconditional support during my study. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work has been accomplished with the support, encouragement and contribution of different people to whom I am sincerely grateful. First and foremost I would like to acknowledge the tireless guidance, patience, contribution, ideas and encouragement of my university supervisors, Prof. Maria Nzomo and Prof. Peter Kagwanja through the different phases of this work. Special acknowledgement is made to both of you for your dedication, unconditional support and mentorship throughout the programme. I also wish to thank the Institute of Diplomacy and International Studies (IDIS) staff for their contribution and efforts to ensure the completion of my research and the Ambassador Francis K Muthaura Foundation for awarding me a PhD Scholarship. I recognize the following individuals and organisations for their tremendous contribution to the successful completion of this study: My friends Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Union Government for Africa
    TOWARDS A UNION GOVERNMENT FOR AFRICA CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES EDITED BY TIMOTHY MURITHI ISS MONOGRAPH SERIES • No 140, JANUARY 2008 CONTENTS PreFACE v Kenneth Mpyisi, Institute for Security Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ACKnoWLEDgemenTS vii ABOUT The AUThors viii ABBreViaTions anD ACronYms x ChapTer 1 1 Introduction: Contextualising the debate on a Union Government for Africa Dr Tim Murithi, Institute for Security Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia PART ONE 11 A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR A UNION GOVERNMENT FOR AFRICA ChapTer 2 13 Portrayal of a possible path to a single government for Africa Dr Admore Kambudzi, African Union Commission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ChapTer 3 29 The challenges of accelerating economic and political integration in the formation of a Union Government The late Professor Kinfe Abraham, Ethiopian International Institute for Peace and Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia PART TWO 43 ENGAGING WITH THE ACCRA DECLARATION ChapTer 4 45 Reflections on the 2007 Accra Grand Debate on a Union Government for Africa Delphine Lecoutre, Independent Consultant, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ii Towards a Union Government for Africa: Challenges and Opportunities ChapTer 5 61 The relationship between states and an African Union Government Professor Ismail Fall, University of Dakar, Senegal ChapTer 6 69 Rationalising regional economic communities and implementing the treaty establishing the African Economic Community: The role of parliaments Marilyn Aniwa, Parliamentary Centre, Accra, Ghana ChapTer 7 79 Identifying the domains of competence
    [Show full text]
  • Inter-Ateker Discord: the Case of the Nyangatom and the Turkana. 2012
    Climate Change and Pastoralism: Traditional Coping Mechanisms and Conflict in the Horn of Africa Edited by Mulugeta Gebrehiwot Berhe and Jean-Bosco Butera AAU Logo Institute for Peace and Security Studies, Addis Ababa University and University for Peace, Africa Programme Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Inter-Ateker Discord: The Case of the Nyangatom and the Turkana Gebre Yntiso1 Abstract This paper explains the longstanding inter-ethnic discord between the Nyangatom and the Turkana, and examines the effectiveness of the dispute resolution approaches tried so far. Both groups belong to the Karamojong Cluster (also Ateker), an ethno-geographic designation of numerous ethnic groups living in Uganda, Kenya, South Sudan, and Ethiopia. The relationship between the Nyangatom and the Turkana began to deteriorate after the former lost control over their grazing land in the Kibish area during the colonial period. Over the years, the steady increase in herd size, exceeding carrying capacity; the changes in climatic patterns that led to frequent drought; the cultural values that incite violence; and the participation of non-pastoral groups in raids, made the conflict complex and complicated. In recent years, the Nyangatom-Turkana discord increased in frequency and intensity largely due to competition over scarce resources. The major consequences of this rather protracted inter-ethnic conflict include loss of precious life, permanent injuries, loss of access to pasture and water, and failing livelihoods. Thus far, the governments of Ethiopia and Kenya failed to stop the cross-border inter-ethnic conflicts in the Ilemi Triangle - a disputed territory. It is high time to devise a comprehensive program intervention in the border area to attain lasting peace.
    [Show full text]
  • Editors Sunday Okello and Mesfin Gebremichael
    African-Centred Solutions Building Peace and Security in Africa Editors Sunday Okello and Mesfin Gebremichael Copyright © 2016 Institute for Peace and Security Studies, Addis Ababa University Printed in Ethiopia First published: 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electoronic or mechanical including photocopy, recording or inclusion in any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the Institute for Peace and Security Studies. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute. ISBN: 978-99944-943-3-0 Table of Contents Chapter One Introduction by Sunday Angoma Okello ................................................... 1 Chapter Two Interrogating the Concept and Ideal of African-Centred Solution to African Peace and Security Challenges By Amadu Sesay ..................... 21 Chapter Three Enriching the African-Centred Solutions Concept: Reflections on AU-led Peace Support Operations in Sudan and Somalia By Dawit Yohannes ....................................................................................................... 47 Chapter Four South Sudan: Exploring African–Centred Hybrid Sustainable Peacebuilding and Security By Evelyn Mayanja ................................... 75 Chapter Five Statehood, Small Arms and Security Governance in Southwest Ethiopia: The Need for an African-Centred Perspective By Mercy Fekadu Mulugeta ....................................................................................... 103 Chapter Six Understanding Peaceful Coexistence from an Urban Refugee Perspective in Africa: The Case of Uganda By Brenda Aleesi ............ 135 Chapter Seven Civil Society in Conflict Transformation: Key Evidence from Kenya’s Post-election Violence By Caleb Wafula ................................................. 161 Chapter Eight Boko Haram Insurgency and Sustainable Peace in Nigeria and the Lake Chad Region: AU-MNJTF’s Intervention By Naeke Sixtus Mougombe .
    [Show full text]
  • Et RESILIENCE Les Peuples Autochtones Face Aux Changements Climatiques
    United Nations Local and Indigenous Knowledge Educational, Scientific and Systems programme Cultural Organization Summaries/Résumés/Resúmenes RESILIENCE in a time of RESILIENCIA en tiempos de UNCERTAINTY INCERTIDUMBRE Indigenous peoples Los pueblos indígenas and climate change frente al cambio climático TEMPS D’INCERTITUDE et RESILIENCE Les peuples autochtones face aux changements climatiques www.indigenous2015.org SWEDEN Funds-in-Trust United Nations Local and Indigenous Knowledge Educational, Scientific and Systems programme Cultural Organization Co-organised by UNESCO and the National Museum of Natural History of France, in partnership with Tebtebba. Co-organisé par l’UNESCO et le Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle de France, en partenariat avec Tebtebba. Co-organizado por la UNESCO y el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Francia, en colaboración con Tebtebba. With support from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Sorbonne University, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, the United Nations Development Programme(UNDP), Japanese funds-in-trust to UNESCO, National Research Agency of France and Conservation International. Avec le soutien du Ministère des Affaires étrangères de France, de l’Université de la Sorbonne, de l’Agence suédoise de coopération internationale au développement, du Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement (PNUD), des fonds-en-dépôt japonais à l’UNESCO, de l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche de France et de Conservation International. Con el apoyo del Ministerio francés de Asuntos Exteriores, de la Universidad de la Sorbona, de la Agencia Sueca de Desarrollo y Cooperación Internacional, del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD), del Fondo Fiduciario japonés de la UNESCO, de la Agencia Nacional de Investigación de Francia y Conservación Internacional.
    [Show full text]
  • A Rising Regional Power: Making Sense of Ethiopia's Influence in the Horn of Africa Region
    Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 10-16-2020 A Rising Regional Power: Making Sense of Ethiopia's Influence in the Horn of Africa Region Yonas K. Mulat [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Comparative Politics Commons, and the International Relations Commons Recommended Citation Mulat, Yonas K., "A Rising Regional Power: Making Sense of Ethiopia's Influence in the Horn of Africa Region" (2020). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 4590. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/4590 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida A RISING REGIONAL POWER: MAKING SENSE OF ETHIOPIA’S INFLUENCE IN THE HORN OF AFRICA A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in POLITICAL SCIENCE by Yonas Ketsela Mulat 2020 To: Dean John F. Stack, Jr. Steven J. Green School of International and Public Affairs This dissertation, written by Yonas Ketsela Mulat and entitled A Rising Regional Power: Making Sense of Ethiopia’s Influence in the Horn of Africa, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. __________________________________________ Felix Martin __________________________________________ Eric Lob __________________________________________ Hilary Jones __________________________________________ John Clark, Major Professor Date of Defense: October 16, 2020 The dissertation of Yonas Ketsela Mulat is approved.
    [Show full text]
  • Emerging Countries As New ODA Players in Ldcs: the Case of China and Africa
    institut du développement durable et des relations internationales – 6, rue du Général Clergerie – 75116 Paris – France – Tél. : 01 53 70 22 35 – [email protected] – www.iddri.org N° 01/2007 | GOUVERNANCE MONDIALE Emerging countries as new ODA players in LDCs: The case of China and Africa Chris Alden (London School of Economics) This paper has been presented at the Investment Bank in Luxembourg on Organisé par la direction générale Development Assistance high level 7th and 8th March 2007. de la coopération internationale et workshop on the issue Europe and Ce texte a été présenté lors de du développement (DGCID) du Emerging Countries. It was l’atelier européen de haut niveau ministère des affaires étrangères, organized by DGCID (French sur « L’Europe et les pays et par l’Iddri, cet atelier, s’inscrit Ministry of Foreign Affairs) and émergents », accueilli par la Banque dans les travaux conduits sur IDDRI and held at the European européenne d’investissement, à l’aide au développement. Luxembourg, les 7 et 8 mars 2007. About this text, please contact (à propos de ce texte, merci de contacter) [email protected] Derived from forthcoming book - Chris Alden, China in Africa (London: Zed 2007). Tous droits réservés. Emerging Countries as new ODA players in LDCs: The case of China and Africa, Chris Alden. ‘We do offer our assistance (to Africa) with the deepest sincerity and without any political conditions.’1 Premier Wen Jiabao, Addis Ababa, December 2003 hina’s growing public presence in Africa has captured the imagination of the world. Once an avowedly anti-imperialist leader, Beijing’s recent foray into Africa has been C characterised not by ideology but by a singular focus on resource acquisition and commercial opportunism.
    [Show full text]
  • Security Council Distr
    UNITED NATIONS S Security Council Distr. GENERAL S/1997/715 16 September 1997 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ON THE SITUATION IN SOMALIA I. INTRODUCTION 1. In its presidential statement of 27 February 1997 (S/PRST/1997/8), the Security Council encouraged me to continue consultations with the Somali parties and regional States and organizations on the role the United Nations can play in supporting peace efforts, including on specific options contained in my report (S/1997/135). It also requested me to continue monitoring the situation in Somalia and to report to it in an appropriate manner on those consultations and on developments in the situation generally. 2. As members of the Council are aware, I asked Mr. Ismat Kittani to visit the region as my Special Envoy (a) to assess the situation on the ground; (b) to ascertain the positions of the Somali factions and the regional governments and organizations concerned on matters related to national reconciliation and the establishment of a broad-based government; (c) to assess the extent to which recent regional and other peacemaking initiatives had advanced the Somali political process; (d) to review and explore the role the United Nations might possibly play to support the regional peacemaking efforts, including the options discussed in my report to the Security Council; and (e) to make recommendations on any future peacemaking role of the United Nations. 3. The present report summarizes the results of Mr. Kittani's mission. II. VISIT BY THE SPECIAL ENVOY TO THE REGION 4. My Special Envoy visited the region from 6 to 20 August 1997 and held consultations with all major Somali groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Mobility and Conflict: Persistent Alemayehu D
    Mobility and Conflict: Persistent Alemayehu D. 33 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Mobility and Conflict: Persistent Challenges in Expanding Access to Education Among Pastoralists of South Omo, Ethiopia Alemayehu Debebe Abstract This study explores into mobility patterns and prevalence of conflict as determinants of access to and retention in education. The assessment has been carried out in two educationally underprivileged pastoralist districts of south Omo. Ethnographic visits, key informants interview and focus group discussion were the major tools of data collection. Findings suggest that the area is characterized by regular seasonal mobility, frequent conflicts and conflict induced displacement. For communities in Dasenech and Nyangatom the situation of no war does not necessarily mean that there is peace. Drought and harsh weather are the driving forces of mobility. Competition over water sources and pastureland coupled with internal border dispute and cattle raid were identified as the long standing causes of armed conflict. Inability of schools to continue their regular functions without disruptions in the area under study is recognized as an adverse effect of both mobility and conflict. Encroachment of rangelands due to large scale agricultural investment and mineral exploration found to be the other frontiers of conflict of interest. Key words: Cattle raid, conflict, education, investment, mobility, pastoralists INTRODUCTION Pastoralists’ life style is distinct from their to look for coping mechanisms during agriculturalist counterparts. Farmers are period of stress. One of such coping known for their sedentary living while mechanisms is mobility. United States pastoralists become accustomed to Agency for International Development mobility. Pastoral mobility, however, is not (USAID) (2011) regards pastoral mobility a matter of choice.
    [Show full text]