DOCSLIB.ORG

Implementing Restraint

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Implementing Restraint C O R P O R A T I O N MIRANDA PRIEBE, BRYAN ROONEY, NATHAN BEAUCHAMP-MUSTAFAGA, JEFFREY MARTINI, STEPHANIE PEZARD Implementing Restraint Changes in U.S. Regional Security Policies to Operationalize a Realist Grand Strategy of Restraint For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RRA739-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0630-9 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2021 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover graphic by Yuriy Panyukov/Adobe Stock Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface In recent years, there has been growing interest in rethinking the U.S. approach to the world. This report discusses one alternative to the cur- rent U.S. approach, a realist grand strategy of restraint, which has long been prominent in the academic security studies community. To help leaders and the public evaluate this option, which has now entered the policy discourse, this report describes how U.S. regional security poli- cies would change if the United States adopted this grand strategy. For analysts, we also offer a framework for identifying the set of security policy issues that any grand strategy needs to inform for each region, focusing on conditions under which the United States would use force, U.S. relationships with potential adversaries and allies, military pos- ture, and security cooperation activities. The report also identifies unanswered questions about a grand strategy of restraint and proposes next steps for clarifying the policy implications of such a strategy in each region. The research in this report was completed in November 2020 and was conducted within the RAND Center for Analysis of U.S. Grand Strategy. The center’s mission is to inform the debate about the U.S. role in the world by more clearly specifying new approaches to U.S. grand strategy, evaluating the logic of different approaches, and identifying the trade-offs each option creates. Initial funding for the center was provided by a seed grant from the Charles Koch Institute. On going funding comes from RAND supporters, and from founda- tions and philanthropists. The center is an initiative of the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Security Research Divi- iii iv Implementing Restraint sion (NSRD). NSRD conducts research and analysis for the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the U.S. Intelligence Community, U.S. State Department, allied foreign governments, and foundations. For more information on the RAND Center for Analysis of U.S. Grand Strategy, see www.rand.org/nsrd/isdp/grand-strategy or contact the director (contact information is provided on the webpage). Contents Preface ............................................................................. iii Figures .............................................................................vii Tables .............................................................................. ix Summary .......................................................................... xi Acknowledgments ...............................................................xv Abbreviations ................................................................... xvii CHAPTER ONE Introduction ....................................................................... 1 Overview of the Debate About U.S. Grand Strategy .......................... 5 Overview of a Realist Grand Strategy of Restraint ...........................11 Approach .......................................................................... 23 Outline of This Report ......................................................... 26 CHAPTER TWO Europe ............................................................................ 27 U.S. Policy Toward Russia ...................................................... 28 Alliances and Partnerships ...................................................... 38 Posture ..............................................................................41 Security Cooperation and Assistance ...........................................45 Summary of Next Steps to Develop Prescriptions for U.S. Policy Toward Europe .............................................................. 46 CHAPTER THREE The Asia-Pacific ..................................................................49 U.S. Policy Toward China .......................................................52 v vi Implementing Restraint U.S. Policy Toward North Korea ...............................................63 Alliances and Partnerships ...................................................... 68 Posture ..............................................................................73 Security Cooperation and Assistance ...........................................78 Summary of Next Steps to Develop Prescriptions for U.S. Policy Toward the Asia-Pacific .....................................................81 CHAPTER FOUR The Middle East..................................................................83 U.S. Policy Toward Iran ..........................................................85 U.S. Policy Toward Syria and Iraq ............................................ 90 U.S. Policy Toward Terrorism and Intrastate Conflict .......................95 Partnerships ....................................................................... 98 Posture ........................................................................... 102 Security Cooperation and Assistance ......................................... 106 Summary of Next Steps to Develop Prescriptions for U.S. Policy Toward the Middle East ................................................... 108 CHAPTER FIVE South Asia ....................................................................... 111 Ongoing Operations in Afghanistan ......................................... 112 U.S. Policy Toward Terrorism and State Collapse .......................... 114 Partnerships ...................................................................... 117 Posture ............................................................................ 121 Security Cooperation and Assistance ........................................ 122 Summary of Next Steps to Develop Prescriptions for U.S. Policy Toward South Asia ........................................................ 125 CHAPTER SIX Next Steps for Operationalizing a Grand Strategy of Restraint ...... 127 Findings .......................................................................... 127 Recommendations for Developing the Policy Implications of a Grand Strategy of Restraint ....................................................... 130 Final Thoughts .................................................................. 139 References ...................................................................... 141 Figures 1.1. Alternative Grand Strategies ......................................... 6 1.2. Focus of This Report ................................................25 vii Tables 2.1. Identifying Threats and Clarifying When the United States Would Use Force Against Russia ..................................32 2.2. Developing U.S. Policy Toward Peacetime Relations with Russia ..................................................................37 2.3. Developing U.S. Policy Toward Alliances and Partnerships in Europe .............................................................41 2.4. Operationalizing Plans for U.S. Troop Withdrawal from Europe ................................................................ 44 2.5. Designing a New Security Cooperation Policy Toward Europe ................................................................ 46 3.1. Alternative Recommendations for U.S. Asia-Pacific Security Policy Proposed by Advocates of Restraint .......................51 3.2. Identifying Threats and Clarifying When the United States Would Use Force Against China ...................................59 3.3. Developing U.S. Policy Toward Peacetime Relations with China ..................................................................63 3.4. Developing U.S. Policy Toward North Korea .................. 68 3.5. Developing U.S. Policy Toward Alliances and Partnerships in the Asia-Pacific ....................................................73 3.6. Operationalizing U.S. Posture Changes in the Asia-Pacific ....79 3.7. Designing Security Cooperation and Assistance Policies Toward the Asia-Pacific .............................................81 4.1. Developing U.S. Policy Toward Iran
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Counter-Insurgency, Human Rights, and the Law of Armed Conflict Federico Sperotto
    Human Rights Brief Volume 17 | Issue 1 Article 3 2009 Counter-Insurgency, Human Rights, and the Law of Armed Conflict Federico Sperotto Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief Part of the Human Rights Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Sperotto, Federico. "Counter-Insurgency, Human Rights, and the Law of Armed Conflict." Human Rights Brief 17, no. 1 (2009): 19-23. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Human Rights Brief by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sperotto: Counter-Insurgency, Human Rights, and the Law of Armed Conflict Counter-Insurgency, Human Rights, and the Law of Armed Conflict by Federico Sperotto* introduCtion ounter-insurgency is the dominant aspect in the United States-led Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in CAfghanistan, and, since the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) has assumed growing respon- sibility throughout insurgents’ sanctuaries, also a mission for Europeans. According to the U.S. military, insurgency represents an intermediate step in the spectrum of conflict, which ranges from stable peace to general war.1 The frame in which military opera- tions are conducted is known as irregular warfare, a violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over a population.2 This form of conflict is charac- terized by three principle activities: insurgency, counter-insur- gency, and unconventional warfare, referring to the avoidance of Association of the Courtesy of the Revolutionary Afghanistan.
    [Show full text]
  • International Humanitarian Law and the Challenges of Contemporary Armed
    INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW AND THE CHALLENGES OF CONTEMPORARY ARMED CONFLICTS RECOMMITTING TO PROTECTION IN ARMED CONFLICT ON THE 70TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS REPORT INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW AND THE CHALLENGES OF CONTEMPORARY ARMED CONFLICTS RECOMMITTING TO PROTECTION IN ARMED CONFLICT ON THE 70TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................................................5 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................9 CHAPTER 2: CONTEMPORARY AND FUTURE CHALLENGES IN THE CONDUCT OF HOSTILITIES ........15 1. Urbanization of armed conflicts ........................................................................................................ 16 A) The protection of civilians against the effects of hostilities during urban warfare ..................................16 B) The use of explosive weapons in populated areas ....................................................................................................19 C) The protection of the civilian population during sieges .......................................................................................22 2. New technologies of warfare .............................................................................................................26 A) Cyber operations, their potential human cost, and the protection afforded by IHL .................................26
    [Show full text]
  • Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J
    STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 11 Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for Complex Operations, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, Center for Transatlantic Security Studies, and Conflict Records Research Center. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Unified Combatant Commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: Kathleen Bailey presents evidence of forgeries to the press corps. Credit: The Washington Times Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference By Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 11 Series Editor: Nicholas Rostow National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. June 2012 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government.
    [Show full text]
  • John J. Mearsheimer: an Offensive Realist Between Geopolitics and Power
    John J. Mearsheimer: an offensive realist between geopolitics and power Peter Toft Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen, Østerfarimagsgade 5, DK 1019 Copenhagen K, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected] With a number of controversial publications behind him and not least his book, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, John J. Mearsheimer has firmly established himself as one of the leading contributors to the realist tradition in the study of international relations since Kenneth Waltz’s Theory of International Politics. Mearsheimer’s main innovation is his theory of ‘offensive realism’ that seeks to re-formulate Kenneth Waltz’s structural realist theory to explain from a struc- tural point of departure the sheer amount of international aggression, which may be hard to reconcile with Waltz’s more defensive realism. In this article, I focus on whether Mearsheimer succeeds in this endeavour. I argue that, despite certain weaknesses, Mearsheimer’s theoretical and empirical work represents an important addition to Waltz’s theory. Mearsheimer’s workis remarkablyclear and consistent and provides compelling answers to why, tragically, aggressive state strategies are a rational answer to life in the international system. Furthermore, Mearsheimer makes important additions to structural alliance theory and offers new important insights into the role of power and geography in world politics. Journal of International Relations and Development (2005) 8, 381–408. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jird.1800065 Keywords: great power politics; international security; John J. Mearsheimer; offensive realism; realism; security studies Introduction Dangerous security competition will inevitably re-emerge in post-Cold War Europe and Asia.1 International institutions cannot produce peace.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is Behind the Scud Scare? Posted by Joshua Landis Thursday, April 15, 2010 - 2:18 PM
    What is behind the Scud scare? Posted By Joshua Landis Thursday, April 15, 2010 - 2:18 PM Joshua Landis is the director of the Center for Middle East Studies and associate professor at the University of Oklahoma. He is the author of the blog Syria Comment. Reports in U.S. and Israeli papers on Wednesday, alleging that Syria delivered Scud missiles to Hezbollah, has set off a firestorm about the limits of engagement and the danger posed by Syria and nonstate actors in the region. Yet the ensuing debate has ignored the broader context of which this episode is but a symptom: namely, that the continued lack of resolution to the decades-long conflict between Syria and Israel has been allowed to fester. This new development could not have been better timed to throw a monkey wrench into Washington's engagement process with Syria and President Barack Obama's efforts to reanimate the stalled peace process in the region. Robert S. Ford, the first ambassador named to Damascus in five years, is in the midst of his confirmation process. A key committee in the Senate has recommended his confirmation, but the ultimate vote among the full Senate has yet to take place. There are many who would like to stop it, not the least because Obama seems ready to push forward efforts to resolve the long-festering Arab -Israeli conflict. On Tuesday, he declared that solving the dispute was a "vital national security interest of the United States" because it is "costing us significantly in terms of both blood and treasure." In the short term, the White House's desire to help broker a Middle East peace means getting an ambassador back to Damascus and engaging with Syria.
    [Show full text]
  • POLS 3960: U.S. Strategy in Asia, Spring 2016 Syllabus (PDF)
    POLS 3960 U.S. Strategy in Asia Spring 2016, MWF 12:00-12:50 Classroom: Brouster Hall 040 Professor Nori Katagiri Email: [email protected] Office: McGannon 127 Phone: 977-3044 Office hours: MW 1400-1500 or by appointment Course Description and Objectives: This course is designed to explore various parts of East Asia and American strategy to deal with issues we face in the region. The countries we examine primarily include those in Northeast Asia, China, and Southeast Asia. We will discuss the nature of relationship the United States maintains with countries in East Asia and our strategic options mostly in the post-Cold War era. In so doing, we will explore what political ends the country has in Asia and what strategy there is to pursue them. In this course, we seek to explore the past, present, and future of East Asian politics, economy, and security gain familiarity with the theoretical literature on US interests in East Asia analyze the nature of US relationship with East Asia understand the role of power, resources, and ideas in the formation and application of national and regional interests investigate a set of strategic options for the United States, and hone critical thinking on political events taking place in East Asia The course is divided into four sections: (1) the past and present (2) American strategy, (3) Northeast Asia and China, and (4) Southeast and South Asia. First, we examine the background of our interests in the region. Second, we explore our strategic choices in East Asia. Third, we discuss strategic options we have in China and Northeast Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • LAYSAN ALBATROSS Phoebastria Immutabilis
    Alaska Seabird Information Series LAYSAN ALBATROSS Phoebastria immutabilis Conservation Status ALASKA: High N. AMERICAN: High Concern GLOBAL: Vulnerable Breed Eggs Incubation Fledge Nest Feeding Behavior Diet Nov-July 1 ~ 65 d 165 d ground scrape surface dip fish, squid, fish eggs and waste Life History and Distribution Laysan Albatrosses (Phoebastria immutabilis) breed primarily in the Hawaiian Islands, but they inhabit Alaskan waters during the summer months to feed. They are the 6 most abundant of the three albatross species that visit 200 en Alaska. l The albatross has been described as the “true nomad ff Pok e of the oceans.” Once fledged, it remains at sea for three to J ht ig five years before returning to the island where it was born. r When birds are eight or nine years old they begin to breed. y The breeding season is November to July and the rest of Cop the year, the birds remain at sea. Strong, effortless flight is commonly seen in the southern Bering Sea, Aleutian the key to being able to spend so much time in the air. The Islands, and the northwestern Gulf of Alaska. albatross takes advantage of air currents just above the Nonbreeders may remain in Alaska throughout the year ocean's waves to soar in perpetual fluid motion. It may not and breeding birds are known to travel from Hawaii to flap its wings for hours, or even for days. The aerial Alaska in search of food for their young. Albatrosses master never touches land outside the breeding season, but have the ability to concentrate the food they catch and it does rest on the water to feed and sleep.
    [Show full text]
  • Find Alaska Info!
    Find Alaska Info! Dear Student: Thank you for writing to request information about Alaska. This fl yer contains some interesting information about our great state. Alaska became the 49th state in 1959, right before Hawaii became the 50th state that same year. Many of Alaska’s 722,200 people live in modern cities, and many live in small remote villages where their families have lived for thousands of years. The population of Anchorage, Alaska’s largest city, is 296,000. Juneau (population 32,300) is the State Capital.. We also have a website where you can learn more about Alaska’s history, cultures, geography, animals, and more: http://alaska.gov/kids/ Here are other helpful websites: • For information about visiting Alaska, visit www.travelalaska.com • You can also visit the Alaska State Library on-line at www.lam.alaska.gov • Looking for wildlife info? Go to http://www.wildlife.alaska.gov • Want to know more about Alaska’s Forest and Park Lands? visit www.alaskacenters.gov Did you know? If you place Alaska, with all of its islands, on top of the “continental” United States, it spans from the Great Lakes to Texas, and from Florida to California. At 591,000 square miles, Alaska is larger than Texas, California, and Montana combined. The coastline of Alaska is longer than the coastline of the continental United States. Of Alaska’s 3 million lakes, the largest (Lake Iliamna) is the size of Connecticut. Alaska’s mainland is only 51 miles away from Russia. Alaska has 17 of the 20 highest mountains in North America (Denali is the highest at 20,320 feet).
    [Show full text]
  • State Abbreviations
    State Abbreviations Postal Abbreviations for States/Territories On July 1, 1963, the Post Office Department introduced the five-digit ZIP Code. At the time, 10/1963– 1831 1874 1943 6/1963 present most addressing equipment could accommodate only 23 characters (including spaces) in the Alabama Al. Ala. Ala. ALA AL Alaska -- Alaska Alaska ALSK AK bottom line of the address. To make room for Arizona -- Ariz. Ariz. ARIZ AZ the ZIP Code, state names needed to be Arkansas Ar. T. Ark. Ark. ARK AR abbreviated. The Department provided an initial California -- Cal. Calif. CALIF CA list of abbreviations in June 1963, but many had Colorado -- Colo. Colo. COL CO three or four letters, which was still too long. In Connecticut Ct. Conn. Conn. CONN CT Delaware De. Del. Del. DEL DE October 1963, the Department settled on the District of D. C. D. C. D. C. DC DC current two-letter abbreviations. Since that time, Columbia only one change has been made: in 1969, at the Florida Fl. T. Fla. Fla. FLA FL request of the Canadian postal administration, Georgia Ga. Ga. Ga. GA GA Hawaii -- -- Hawaii HAW HI the abbreviation for Nebraska, originally NB, Idaho -- Idaho Idaho IDA ID was changed to NE, to avoid confusion with Illinois Il. Ill. Ill. ILL IL New Brunswick in Canada. Indiana Ia. Ind. Ind. IND IN Iowa -- Iowa Iowa IOWA IA Kansas -- Kans. Kans. KANS KS A list of state abbreviations since 1831 is Kentucky Ky. Ky. Ky. KY KY provided at right. A more complete list of current Louisiana La. La.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion, Refugees, and Migration
    FOR MORE INFORMATION BUTLER UNIVERSITY SEMINAR on RELIGION and GLOBAL AFFAIRS presents WWW.BUTLER.EDU/CFV 317-940-8253 The Seminar on Religion and Global Affairs is a program of the Center for Faith and Vocation at Butler University, promoting understanding of interfaith and intercultural relations through the discussion of religious issues in global perspectives. We wish to thank our internal partners, including Global and Historical Studies for their Sponsored by the sponsorship as well as the Desmond Tutu Center for Peace, Reconciliation, and Global Justice CENTER for FAITH and VOCATION and the Philosophy, Religion, and Classics Department for the partnerships. We are also thankful to our community partners for their collaboration, including the Center for Interfaith Cooperation, the Immigrant Welcome Center, and Catholic Charities Indianapolis FOUR PUBLIC SEMINARS Refugee and Immigrant Services. For parking on Butler University’s campus, patrons September 19, October 17, should park in the Sunset Avenue Parking Garage. Fees can be found at butler.edu/parking. January 23, and February 27 PARTNERING EVENTS: INDY FESTIVAL of FAITHS— SACRED MIGRATIONS Sunday, October 15, 1:00-5:00 PM, Veteran’s Memorial Plaza For accessibility information or to request disability-related accommodations, please visit WELCOMING STRANGERS, FINDING www.butler.edu/event-accommodations. BROTHERS and SISTERS Each seminar meets from 7:00 to 9:00 PM Monday, February 19, 7:00 PM, at the Schrott Center for the Arts, Butler Arts Center. Eidson-Duckwall Recital Hall,
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    OUP UNCORRECTED AUTOPAGE PROOF – FIRSTPROOFS, Sat Sep 19 2020, NEWGEN C& Introduction Christopher McKnight Nichols and Andrew Preston C&.P' What is grand strategy? What does it aim to achieve? Does it have relevance— and, if so, applicability—beyond questions of war and peace? And what di!erentiates it from normal strategic thought— what, in other words, makes it “grand”? C&.P( In recent years, historians and other scholars have o!ered useful de"nitions, most of which coalesce around the notion that grand strategy is an ampli"cation of the “normal” strategic practice of deploying various means to attain speci"c ends.1 “#e crux of grand strategy,” writes Paul Kennedy, co- founder of the in$uential Grand Strategy program at Yale University, “lies . in policy, that is, in the capacity of the nation’s leaders to bring together all the elements, both military and nonmilitary, for the preservation and enhancement of the nation’s long-term (that is, in war- time and peacetime) best interests.”2 John Lewis Gaddis, the program’s co- founder with Kennedy, de"nes grand strategy succinctly as “the align- ment of potentially unlimited aspirations with necessarily limited capabil- ities.”3 Hal Brands, an alumnus of Yale’s program and a contributor to this volume, observes that grand strategy is best understood as an “intellectual architecture that lends structure to foreign policy; it is the logic that helps states navigate a complex and dangerous world.”4 Peter Feaver, who followed Yale’s model when establishing a grand strategy program at Duke University, is somewhat more speci"c: “Grand strategy refers to the collection of plans and policies that comprise the state’s deliberate e!ort to harness political, military, diplomatic, and economic tools together to advance that state’s na- tional interest.”5 International Relations theorist Stephen Walt is even more precise: “A state’s grand strategy is its plan for making itself secure.
    [Show full text]
  • Escalation Control and the Nuclear Option in South Asia
    Escalation Control and the Nuclear Option in South Asia Michael Krepon, Rodney W. Jones, and Ziad Haider, editors Copyright © 2004 The Henry L. Stimson Center All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission in writing from the Henry L. Stimson Center. Cover design by Design Army. ISBN 0-9747255-8-7 The Henry L. Stimson Center 1111 19th Street NW Twelfth Floor Washington, DC 20036 phone 202.223.5956 fax 202.238.9604 www.stimson.org Table of Contents Preface ................................................................................................................. v Abbreviations..................................................................................................... vii Introduction......................................................................................................... ix 1. The Stability-Instability Paradox, Misperception, and Escalation Control in South Asia Michael Krepon ............................................................................................ 1 2. Nuclear Stability and Escalation Control in South Asia: Structural Factors Rodney W. Jones......................................................................................... 25 3. India’s Escalation-Resistant Nuclear Posture Rajesh M. Basrur ........................................................................................ 56 4. Nuclear Signaling, Missiles, and Escalation Control in South Asia Feroz Hassan Khan ...................................................................................
    [Show full text]