-,

ROY.I\L HOTEL HARTLEY. N.S.W.

Stat ment of Cultural Significance Conservation Analysis Conservation & Development Guidelines August, 1987 ".";,. ,,",., . ".

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ROYAL HOTEL Hartley Historic Site N.S.W.

Statement of Cultural Significance Conservation Analysis Conservation and Development Guf del lnes

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Prepared for National Parks and 'Wildlife Service Blue Mountains District 65 Leichhardt St., BLACKHEATH. N.S.W. 2785

By: R.A.D. BROWN DAWSON BROWN PARTNERSHIP PjL 47 Wi 11 i am St., PADDINGTON. N.S.W. 2021 "in association with: ANNETTE GREEN Heritage Consultant 108 Moore St., LEICHHARDT N.S.W. 2040

August, 1987. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE AND CONSERVATION REPORT ROYAL HOTEL, HARTLEY.

CONTENTS PAGE 1.0 Introduction 1. 1.1 StudyBr 1. 1.2 Aim of Report 1. 1.3 Study Area 1. 1.4 Methodo logy' 4. 1.5 Terms 4. .r 1.6 Limitations; 4. 1.7 Author Identification 4.

2.0 Documentary Evidence 5. 2.1 Introduction 5. 2.2 Summary of Documentary Evidence 5. 2.3 Historical Photographs Sa. &5b.

3.0 Physical Evidence 12. " 3.1 Site Survey Drawings 13. 3.2 Schedule of Building Finishes 14. 3.3 Photographs 23. - 34.

4.0 Analysis of Evidence &Summary of 35. Conclusions. 4.1 Analysis of Documentary & Physical 35. Evidence 4.2 Unsolved Questions 4l. 4.2.1 History of Use 4l. 4.2.2 Physical Development 4l. 4.2.3 Archaeological Evidence 42.

5.0 Statement of Cultural Significance 43. 6.0 Constraints 44. 6.1 Physical Constraints 44~' .J 6.2 Procedural Constraints 44,. ' . 6.53 External Constraints 45.- 6.4 Constraints Arising out of the Integrity & 46. Condition of the Place 6.5 Constraints Arising out of the Documentary & 46. Physical Evidence about the Place 6.6 Significant Fabric - Grading Zones of 47. Signifi'cance for Internal Space. ,- I

CONTENTS ; PAGE ....t 7.0 Conservation Guidelines ·lf9." 7.1 Generally 49. 7.2 Policy 50. 7.3 Guideline Implementation 50. 7.4 Location & Design of Additions 51.

8.0 Repair &Reconstruction Works 53.

8.1 General 53. 8.2 Exterior 53. 8.2.1 Urgent Works 53. 8.2.2 Long Term Works 54. 8.3 Interior 55. 8.3.1 Urgent Works 55. 8.3.2 Long Term Works 55.

• 9.0 Appendix (A) - Brief 57 . (B) - Chronological History 59. (C) - Hotels of Hartley 66. (D) - Detail Drawings 69-78. (E) - Wallpaper Samples 79. (F) - Bibliography 81.

10.0 List of Illustrations Fig. 1.1 Plan of Lots 3 - 8 2. Section 14, Township of Hartley Fig. 1.2 Site Survey 3. Fig. 2.1 Survey of Western Road showing 8. location of old Hotel (1906) Fi g. 2.2 alb Historical Photographs Sa.& 5b. Fig. 3.1 Physical Survey. 13. Basement, Ground, First Floor. Fig. 3.2 - 3.20 Photographs of Present Site. 23.-34. ;Fig. 4.1 alb Conjectural Plan. 39.-40. Fig. 6.1 Zones of Cultural Significance 48. Fig; 7.1 Location and Designs of addition plan. 52. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE AND CONSERVATION REPORT ROYAL HOTEL, HARTLEY

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 STUDY BRIEF The brief for this Study required the preparation of a Statement of Significance for the Royal Hotel at Hartley Historic Site and the identification of constraints arising from that Statement.

As part of the above the brief required: a review of the existing documentary evidence additional minor historical research an assessment of the physical evidence an analysis of th~ documentary and physical evidence the preparation of a Statement of Significance the identification of constraints arising from the Statement of Significance (including guidelines for future development as an addition or adjunct to the existing buildings.) the identification of essential works to provide stabilisation. A copy of the full brief, as provided by the National Parks and Wildlife Service (N.P.W.S.), has been included as Appendix A.

1.2 AIM OF THE REPORT Hartley Historic Site, which includes The Royal, is now under the care and control of National Parks and Wildlife Service. It is the Service's intention to call for expressions of interest for the future use of The Royal, with emphasis on commercial/residential/restaurant type usage, similar to its previous function. The purpose of the Brief is to provide researched documentation to guide the Service in seeking these expressions of interest.

1.3 STUDY AREA

The Royal Hotel is located on lots 3 and 4 of Section 14 in the" J Township of Hartley. In" 1853 the Hotel site also included lots"5 and 7, and from 1858 to 1969 lots 3 to 8 were combined under the one title. Early dJvelopment associated with the hotel is ther.efore likely to have been located on lots 3,4,5 and 7, but later development may have taken place on lots 6 and 8. For the purpose of this report the Study Area has therefore been taken to include lots 3 to 8 of Section 14 in the Township of Hartley. (See Figure 1.1) 2.

Figure 1.1 Site Plan showing the new alignment of the Great Western Highway and the original layout of Lots 3 - 8, Section 14, in the Township of Hartley. 3.

Old West ern Road

SITE PLAN 1,500 cpprox.. Fig. ;1-.:1 A~ust 1987. \ \ 4.

1.4 'METHODOLOGY This report follows the general structure as set out in following documents: • ,

Australia ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance (The Burra Charter), 1981. Guidelines to the Burra Charter: Cultural Significance, 1984. Guidelines to the Burra Charter: Conservation Policy, 1985. - Kerr J.S. The Conservation Plan, National Trust of Australia (N.S.W.), 1985.

1.5 TERMS

The terms place, preservation, 'reconstruction, restoration, adaption, and conservation used throughout this report have the meaning given them in the ICOMOS 'Burra Charter'. N.B.: Restoration has a limited meaning as follows:

II returning the EXISTING fabric of a place to a known earlier state by removing accretions or by reassembling existing components without the introduction of new material. 1I

1.6 LIMITATIONS In accordance with the brief only minor historical research has been undertaken to supplement that already included within the National Parks and Wildlife Service file on the Royal Hotel and the Hqrtley Historic Siti. This has meant that some questions about the history of the site have remained un-answered and these have been outlined in Section 4.2.

In addition to the above it has not been possible within the budgetary constraints of the study to include an archaeological assessment of the site and accordingly the potential for archaeological remains has not been fully determined. In terms of the recommendations for essent1~1 stabilisation works a visual inspection has been undertaken by the consultants, but t~e site has n~t peen inspected by a structural engineer. Physical investigation was limited to two days. No physical intervention:has been undertaken. Areas which 'are considered to be worthy of further investigation are outlined in 'Section 4.3

1.7 AUTHOR IDENTIFICATION This report was prepared and written by Robert Brown of Dawson Brown Partnership and Annette Green, Heritage Consultant. Illustrations were prepared by Diana Lorentz of Dawson Brown Partnership P/L.

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2.0 DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE 2.1 INTRODUCTION In accordance with the Brief the documentary research has been based on a review of the historicaJ documentation held by the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS),' plus minor additional research as required to provide a clear overview of the history of the site. The major part of the documentary research therefore entailed a review of the NPWS files provided to the consultants by the Cultural Resources Unit and by officers at the Hartley Historic Site. In addition to the above the following sources were investigated to i'dentify any other relevant information : Land Titles Office (land ownership records); State Archives, Land Titles Office and Department of Lands (historical maps);

General Reference and Mitchell Libraries, State Library of NSW, and the Department of Education, History unit (secondary sources catalogued under IHartley');

State Archives and Mitchell Library (hotel and wine license records); Newspaper Reading Room, State Library (local and state newspapers dating from the time of early land sales). The history of the site has been summarised in the following section and a fully referenced chronological history has been included as Appendix B. In addition to this, a summary of the hotels which are known to have operated in Hartley has been included as Appendix C.

2.2 SUMMARY OF DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

The Western Road was constructed between Sydney and Bathurst in 1814-15, but the Government soon placed restrictions on travel along this route in an attempt to control settlement in the new western districts. Travel restrictions continued to be enforced throughout the 1820s and during this period little road-side development took place along the, Western Road. The 1830s saw an easing of these restrictions under Governor Bourke and as travellers over the mountains increased in number, so did the number of' inns which were developed to accomodat~ them.

In about 1830, Major Thomas Mitchell proposed a new line for the western descent-from the Blue Mountains via the pass of Mount Victoria and set aside an area of approximately 259 hectares at the crossing of the River Lett for the purpose of a government town. At about the same time 1.2 hectares of ·Jand was granted to Pierce Collits at the river crossing and l Hartley's first hotel 'The Royal Garter , was subsequently erected on this site. From this time on at least one hotel was licensed within the town for each year- until 1895 (See Appendix C.) Governor ~ourke approved the laying out of a village in this location in 1836, and the Deputy Surveyor-General, S.A. Perry, subsequently drew up a plan which included 41 sections with 16 streets. The new town was gazetted on 1 January, 1838, but it was not until 1840 that the first allotments were sold by auction. , Sa. r',-. », '. , '~I \ ·1 ~ ~ , ...... ~..' Ii. • .~ .­ ~ .~ -. ....~ . .. 'd..&1!IIl .. .'"

Royal Hotel c.1872 owner: George Jarvis. Holterman Collection. Mitchell Library, Sydney (NPWS) ------_.. - ._--_..~-.~._---- • •

McGarry's recognised Motor House. c.1914 (NPWS) 5b.

SUPERIOR HOME

Health Cool Resort Clima te

Fresh Good Milk Shooting

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PETROL FOR MOTOR CARS KEPT TELEPHONE COACHES OR MOTORS TO JENOLAN CAVES DAILY. RAIL TO Mr. VICTORIA For part t culu rs apply R. McGARRY.

Postcard pre-1920's - McGarry's recognised Motor House (NPWS)

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.... ,. ." ~- '0< .. - .....

McGarry's recognised Motor House of the west. 22 August, 1934. ( State Library of Vic.) (NPWS) ~ ,'\ r-- --

f. 6.

! Thomas Morris operated the 'Royal Garter' from c.1836 to 1840, but fry ~- 1843 John Tait's Albion Inn wa~ the only hotel licensed within the township. There does not appear to have been any over-lap in the licensing of these two establishments and it is quite possible that they were operated from the same premises. Similarly, the Albion Inn ceased to operate in 1846, at which time the Hartley Hotel made its first appearance under the proprtetorship of James Nairn. According to local legend, as recorded in the NPWS file on the Royal Hotel, the Hartley Hotel was first opened in Morris' old inn by the River Lett. The site of the old hotel which forms the subject of this report, was not sold by Government Auction until mid-1845. At this time lot 3 of Section 14 was purchased by William Dempsey for 2 pounds 7 shillings and lots 4 & 5 by Evan Morgan for a total of 6 pounds 4 shillings, the price per hectare standing at 19 pounds 15 shillings. By the mid 1840s, a number of buildings had been erected within the town' and there was every indication that Hartley would continue to develop as an important road-side settlement. According to the census taken in March, 1846, there were 62 inhabitants and a total of 12 houses within the town. By this time, a number of public buildings had also been established and in addition to the court-house (1837) and the inn by the River Lett, a district post office had been opened and the construction of St. Bernard's Catholic Church was well under-way . • On 26 March, 1847, Demsey and Morgan sold their allotments to James Nairn for 82 and 107 pounds respectively, suggesting that considerable improve­ ments had been made to the property. At-this time Demsey was described as a wheelwright and Morgan as a blacksmith and it is possible that they had combined to establish a blacksmith and wheelwright shop on part of this land. Certainly, when the site was offered for sale in 1853, it was described as including a "blacksmith's shop, with a full complement of tools" which was under a rental of 25 pounds per year. Nairn took out mortgages on the property in 1848 and 1849, the first for 140 pounds and the second for 320 pounds, suggesting that further improvements had been made, and it is believed that the hotel which forms the subject of this report was built during this period. According to the NPWS file on the Royal Hotel there is a newspaper advertisement which refers to the opening of Nairnl.s new hotel in 1849, but the source was not identified and this date therefore remains unconfirmed.

i In mid 1853, Nairn offered the property for sale with lots 3, 4, 5 ~ 7 of Section 14 and the advertisement placed in the Sydney Morning Herald on the 21 July, 1853, indicates that the site had been well develifped by this time .

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YALUA.13LE FRKKHOLD PROPERTY. ~R, SA.LE, by private. contract, that r. well know:n IUbatmtW. ltone building, known,u the-.Albion Inn;-Hutley·. It iA litu­ ·ll.ted'Oii-ule bWh of the riTU1.et, arid eomnu.nda '. IUtTer r&ilin~' lupply of pore w.ter,'and iitu· ated on the direct roa.d to B..thnnt and the' ·l'uiOn:., Itu lieetaoed mer in,full trade." Th• • ..pJ.....=t...pr.opri.e~7'1n..oa.oa.eq~ of...... recent iiiilly ~Yement,-ia-about..to retira.....fr . · busine..: - ."..

... 'hWili'htillt~l~~~2~~i:i:rllttn)~ .I -e'Onuin.f'3'"p'ulotIlf:T"bt"d'~l'O()na;1:iu;-m _!!p~~and.il.oubla.~ with_..& ....p~ .'t.e:ra.n.dah;....Th.e..rooms. are aU loft,., being 11 ft.... 'from !oor to ceiling, and well nD~la.ted... " . -'l'HR BAR AND TAP.ROOM; · are exceedi,pgly Jlla.ciOUl, of the lamo height ·.u ~ othu room.a, and are decidedij- superior to mythini- iLth1'>.';'l".£·~~.l:t.9 Bath- -urst, . . ":'-._'._ . T1IB VERANDAH -oeuuru..!o..ftr b1-.D ft., ...llagged..wlth.:1reeatone . 'and eeiled, and II in ev-ery t9POOt In C4rll.ctn' wbh the m~centbuil~g ~'which it ia

.' . att.a.ehed . " THE STABLES .' .~ in fint-r.te condition ;1 one &~..nine-stalled atabla. slabbed, '1f'~therbouded, and flagged, with loft j WO two out stables, 4 It!!ll each, .hingled~ and .h~·",~l4ched;--..There·i.nlso·a blacklmith', .hop,....:it.ith full eomplement 'of tools,' and U ~der,. rental of. £25}>er yeu• • ••< THE rtmxrttma, w.hieh il.P{ .. superior description, aiiT"con­ .ista .of··cnrything requislte for a firat.ra.t.e es­ ~aPlishInell~.'wi11.be sold by publie competition .l( not -aM' by pH T&U OOIllrac.t". -pt'Wtious to. next transfex d&y. .. . The pr~~ will ~ rewy for Icspection, t:mp tl~e·-lOt.h of Augu.~ aad ~ion can be JtiTell n.ext tri..nner dsy.' ' ... . .F.or .cur;t.~eI: .puticuh.r,lI'; -,;pp1r" W:"M1'; :;1"'::" '.N AlR.."i', Albion Inn, H4f11"J" .---1'3'tf1

Advertisement for the sale of the 'Albion Inn'. Sydney Morning Herald, 21 July, 1853. 8.

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Figure 2.1 Survey of the Western Road showing the Site of the old hotel. Department of Lands, November 1906. r 9.

Nairn sold the site to Jacob Myers for 1,300 pounds and five months .. ~ later it was transferred from Myers to Denis Mahony for 1,600 pound~~ ~ The value of the property at this time indicates both the quality of the building and the prosperity of the early gold-rush years, when large numbers of men travelled the Western Road to reach the goldfields. Mahony continued to run the hotel first as the Albion and then as the Commercial Inn until his death in 1857, but from this time on the history of the site becomes unclear. The property (with lots 3 to 7 inclusive) was sold to George Jervis for the sum of 2,100 pounds in 1858, the value indicating that it was still an operational hotel. However, Jervis did not license the hotel in his own name and while it has been suggested that it was licensed as the Royal in 1858-61, no documentary evidence has been sighted which confirms that this license was issued for this building. If it was the same building, then it is likely that it continued to be licensed until at least 1865, as the Royal was one of three hotels listed for Hartley in the NSW Gazetteer of 1866. Between 1865 and 1869, the licensing records in the NSW Government Gazette listed four hotels for the township of Hartley - The Shamrock, Farmers, Welcome and Mt. Victoria Inns. However, it does not appear that any of these were run from the building now known as the Royal.

~ According to a short history prepared for the Hartley Public School (Fletcher, 1969) an inspectors report of 1868 noted that a small denominational school had been established: "at the Sydney entrance of the township .... exactly opposite the church of England, being in fact a separate part of a large house now rented and occupied by the Church of England minister (Rev. R. H. Mayne) and given up by him for the purpose". The hotel,was the only large building located directly opposite the church which suggests that it had ceased to be licensed at some stage between 1857 and 1865. The school, which included two rooms - the teachers r es i d ence (3.96 x 3.05m) and the class room (3.96 x 7.01m), was presumably one of the former outbuildings to the hotel. This was opened as a public school in 1869, but in the following year the school was transferred to another site. In 1868, the western railway was completed as far as Mt. Victoria and this marked the beginning of the end for HartleY's role as the focal point for the district. The final blow was the decision to route ,the railway through Lithgow and following the completion of the line to Bathurst in 1876 traffic along the western road declined in favour of rail transport. In 1878, the centre of the Police District was' transferred to Lithgow and Hartley's Court of Petty Sessions closed in 1887. ' By 1870, onlY the Shamrock and Farmers Inns were still licensed and it is certain that the building which forms the subject of this report was not used as a hotel between 1870 and c.1895. According to oral history recorded by the NPWS, the Reverend Robert Mayne continued to live in the former hotel until his departure from the town in 1886, but this has not been confirmed by any documentary evidence. 10.

f .~. With the closure of the hotel, the value of the site decreased dr ama't f'c al Iy, and when the bu i1 ding was sol d .in October 1887, together with Lots 3-8' in Section 14, and Lot 17 in Section 5, the sale fetched only three hundred pounds - less than 15% of the value of the hotel with lots 3-7 in 1858! From 1871-1894 the nearby Farmers Inn was the only hotel to be licensed within Hartley. It continued to be licensed by the Evans family until 1890 and then by Robert McGarry until 1894. No hotels were listed for the town when the annual Publicans Licenses were issued in mid 1895, but in October of that year Robert McGarry took out a new license for the Royal Hotel. It is not clear whether this license was issued for the old Farmers Inn or whether McGarry had already moved to the building which forms the subject of·this report. This license was not renewed in the foll~win~ year, but from 1898 to 1921 (when Publitan and Wine Licenses ceased to be published in the Government Gazette) Robert McGarry held a Colonial Wine License for unspecified premises within the town. It has been suggested in the historical notes prepared for the site by the NPWS that the Royal may have had the first Australian Wine license, but a review of the NSW Government Gazette has revealed that licenses of this type were issued in this state from as early as 1883. Throughout this period no other publican or wine licenses were issued Hartley. While it is not known when McGarry and his wife, Janet, first leased the old hotel they were certainly in occupation by 1914, and in 1917 they purchased lots 3-8 from Mary Anne Dewar for the sum of two hundred and fifty pounds.

From the late nineteenth century, the Blue Mountains had emerged as a popular tourist resort, particularly after the construction of the western railway line and, in the early twentieth century, with the increasing use of privately owned motor vehicles. In as early as 1914 McGarryls Royal was being promoted as a IMotor House', offering petrol, accommodation and refreshments to travellers along the Western Road. One of the resorts which was developed and promoted as a tourist attraction throughout this period was the Jenolan Caves, and by 1921 the Royal Hotel was "catering successfully for the increasing motor traffic to and from" this site. The notes prepared for the site by the NPWS suggest that McGarry's Royal was the 'half-way-house' on charabanc trips from the Blue Mountains resorts to the Jenolan Caves, but the history prepared for the Jenolan Caves (Dunkley, 1986) suggests that the recognised 'half-way-house' was located at Hampton (approximatley . half-way between Mt. Victoria and the Caves). It is quite likeJ~, however, that the Royal did develop as a popular refreshment stop at the foot of the mountains. In 1922,~the Royal and other properties owned by RQbert and Janet McGarry were mortgaged to the City Mutual Life Assurance Society Ltd. for eight hundred pounds and from the existing physical evidence it is likely that this money was raised for the purpose of upgrading the premises. In the following month a further mortgage for seventy pounds was taken out against the above lands, plus the tanks, ranges, stoves, engines, pumps, plant etc., the wine licence and any other licenses for the property. In this document, Robert McGarry was described as an Accommodation House Proprietor. 11.

f The Blue Mountains and the Jenolan Caves continued to be developed a5 ~ popular tourist resorts throughout the inter-war years, but a description of Hartley written in 1937 suggests that improvements to motor vehicles' had reduced the need for frequent refreshment stops and that Hartleyls second phase as an important road-side village was even more short-lived than the first: liThe traffic to Jenolan Caves sustained for Hartley a brief flicker of importance. Now the horse-drawn coaches and primitive cars have been succeeded by fast, modern transport; but the rapid vehicles that have revitalised the highway have signed with finality the doom of Hartley as a traffic centre."" Robert McGarry continued to run the Royal until his death in 1942 and according to the NPWS file for the property the license for the hotel was then taken over by his son-in-law, Mr. Luscombe, who continued to operate it as a motor house until the mid 1940s. In 1947 the property was sold by the mortgagees to Robert McGarry's other son-in-law, Renny Kieth McIver, for five hundred pounds and at the end of that year McIver transferred the property to the joint ownership of his wife, Martha Jane McIver, and her sister, Janet Ellen Evans Luscombe. In 1969, Eileen May Reed (a beneficiary of the estate of McIver and Luscombe) transferred the property to Blaxland Shire Council for $6,000 and in October, 1972, Lots 3,4 &5, Section 14 in the Township of Hartley were proclaimed as part of the Hartley Historic Site. ------

12.

3.0 PHYSICAL EVIDENCE

A detailed survey of the fabric of the house and setting was carried out over two days. The object of the survey was: to help establish the extent of the significant fabric. to help establish the significance of the place and its components. to establish the integrity of each component and the evolution of each component. to note major defects in need of repair work now or in the future. In addition to the above,detail drawings for the main features are included in Appendix (0). Wallpaper samples in Appendix (E) and plans and photographs in Section 3.3 13.

tt'

FIRST FLOOR

G10

I I I G11 I" I':z. "" " pIe>_-;LI " _

"'------"- " -, \, -, " G12', ...... A:2./~' ~~~

GROUND FLOOR L"

84

PHYSICAL SURVEY Fig.·3·1 Ow\. 3"". 1 I L ~X'>O;X' ------A - ---- '5 D 81 82 \oJ

BASEMENT ~~r~-"--r ~--..-~-~--,,-- -.----. 14.

3.2 SCHEDULE OF BUILDING FINISHES

INTERIOR FINISHES PHASES OF OCCUPATION FL - Floor S Skirting (A) Inn 1845 -C1860 W- Walls C- Cornice (8) - Residence e1860 - 1895 CL - Ceiling (C) - Motor House e1895 -C1945' J- Joinery H- Hardware (0) Residence c1945 - Present For illustrations of architraves A1-A2 &skirtings 51-54 plus other detail drawings, refer to Appendix O. G.l

FL - Lino (C) over concrete screed (C) over sandstone flags. (A) S - Polished cedar 280mm ·type 51. Phase (A) W - Wall paper wi~h Leaf patterne9 frieze beneath picture rail.(C) over Plaster painted Buff over deep green over oxblood Phase (A) & (8) C - Timber phase (C). No plaster cornice. CL - Pane11 ed and batterned f,i"b.rebo:ard cei 1i ng (C) over 1ath and plaster (A). ~ J - Cedar stair phase (A). Built in cupboard under stair with curved end phase (0). Front door 6 panel cedar, originally (A) single door cut down to two. Bolection mouldings. Iron hooks for closing brace. Rear door 6 panel bead butt panels. Architraves type A.1. (A)

G.2.

FL ­ Carpet (8) over 100mm hardwood boards (A) S­ Polisherl cedar 390mm. type S.2.(A) W- Embossed wallpaper with leaf patterned frieze beneath, with polished picture rail.(C) aver plaster painted, buff over ochre red over verdigris green (A) & (B) C­ Timber cornice (C). Plaster cornice (A). CL - Panelled and batterned fibreboard ceiling (C) over lath and plaster ceiling (A). J- Polished cedar ribbed fireplace surround. (A) Double hung. 6/6 sash wi ndow with splayed cedar reveals (A) 6 panel cedar doors. Cedar ribbed design door reveals.

H 06. H.& T.Vaughan Ltd. ( Jewish cross, moons and stars.Y J 02. Improved lock 60 with embossed eagle.

G.3.

FL - Carpet (D) over 100mm hardwood boards (A) S- Polished cedar. 280 mm type. Sq (A) W- Wall paper with leaf patterned frieze. (C) Plaster painted ochre red over verdigris green (A) C Timber (C) no plaster cornice. CL - Panelled and batterned fibreboard ceiling (C) over lath and plaster ceiling. (A) J- Polished cedar 6 panel doors with ribbed panel reveal detail.(A) 0.9. 6'panel exterior door, no ribbing to reveals. No internal mouldings. Fanlight over. (A) 0.8. reveal extra thickness to accomodate chimney. (A) Architrave type A.2.(A) 15.

G.4...... r FL ­ Carpet (0) over 100mm hardwood boards. (A) . ;·f ~; S Polished cedar. 390mm type. $.2. (A) W- Embossed wallpaper with leaf pattern frieze beneath picture rail shelf~ (C) over Plaster walls (A) Exposed br1ck fireplace surround.(D) Opening cut through original window to verandah enclosure G.4a with curved plaster reveals. (C) C­ Timber cornice (C) over plaster run cornice. (A) CL - Panelled and batternediiibreboard ceiling (C) over lath and plaster ceiling. (A) J- Polished cedar doors 08/07 ribbed panelled reveals. (A) Built in cedar cupboard with glazed top half and solid panel base doors. (A) Architraves type A.2. H- 0.7 lock 60 with embossed eagle.

G.4a.

FL ­ Li no (C) over- sandstone verandah fl ags. (A) S­ None. . W- Lined in masonite (0) over sandstone facing (A) and timber boarded verandah infill(C). Sandstone facing lime washed with deep buff dado to 1200mm

II above floor level and light buff above. Under buff a salmon pink with white under (A). C­ No cornice. CL ­ Pressed metal (C) to verandah soffit. (A) J- No architraves to W.2 opening. Plaster reveals.(C) Timber venetian to W3.(C).

G.5.

FL ­ Carpet (0) over 100mm hardwood boards. (A) S­ Polished cedar 260mm type 53. (A) W Embossed wall paper wi th 1eaf pattern fri eze beneath pi cture rail (C) Plaster under painted white. (A) C­ Timber cornice (C) no plaster cornice. CL - Panelled and batterned fibreboard ceiling(C) over lath and . plaster ceiling. (A) J- Polished cedar 6 panel door (A) with ribbed panel reveals.(A)

Double hung 6/6 sash window with splayed cedar reveals. (A) I Architrave type A2. H- Wi ndow sash lifts embossed brass. (A) Lock to 08 J.C. Clark Patent. , I

G.6.

FL Carpet (0) over 100mm hardwood boards (A) S­ Poli~hed cedar 260mm type 53. (A) W­ Wallpaper (C) plaster painted buff colour under (A) c ­ Timber (C) no plaster cornice. CL - Panelled and batterned fibreboard ceiling (C) over lath plaster ceil i ng. (A) J- 0.8, 6 panel cedar door with ribbed panel reveals. (A) Double hung 6/6 sash window with splayed cedar reveals.(A) Architrave type A.2. (A) H- J.& C. Clark patent hinges. (A) Embossed brass sash lifts. (A) '~- Ji 16.

G.7.

Access not possible.

G.B. FL - Lino (C) over 100mm hardwood boards (A) s - None. W - Lined in masonite with tiles (D) original walls conditjon inaccessable. Ante room off bathroom ceiling and walls lined in masonite.(D) C- None CL - Suspended plasterboard ceiling (D) over lath and plaster ceiling (A) painted pale blue limewash. (A) J- Cedar 6/6 double hung sash window (A)and 6 panel cedar door (A) Modern bathroom fittings including bath and hand basin (D)

G.g.

FL - Lino (C) covered floor boards (C) S - None ~ W - Plastered walls. (C) C - None. CL - Fibreboard fixed to roof framing.(C) J - 4 panel doors 0.15 reused. (C) Board and Batterned Door 016. Windows W8/W7 reused (C) H - Built-in kitchen fireplace: Metters Bega No.3.

G.lO.

FL Lino (C) over concrete screen over timber boards. (C) S None. W - Verandah enclosure rendered single skin brick work (C) with window above. Painted sandstone facing with ribbon pointing. (Pointing C7D) Sandstone external face (A) opening 0.11 (C) Toilet enclosure (D) Timber lintel over 015 &011 (C). C- None CL - Batterned strip and panelled fibreboard ceiling (D) over timber boarded ceiling.(C) J 6 pane timber horizontal sliding windows. (C)

G.ll -I FL - Carpet (D) over 100mm hardwood board? (A) S- Skirting 150mm no mouldings type 4 (A) W- Wallpaper with leaf pattern frieze under picture rail (C) Opening D.12 (C) Wall between G.11 &G.12 removed and steel beam over boxed in fibreboard. (D) C - Timber (C) CL - Batterned strip and panelled fibreboard ceiling (C) over lath and plaster ceiling (A) J Double hung 6/6 sash window with splayed cedar reveals (A). 6 panel door 010 . Architrave A.2. (A). H - Clark hinges, carpenter lock, embossed sash lifts (A) 17.

G.12. FL ­ Carpet (0) over 100mm ~ardwood boards.(A) S­ Polished cedar 150mm without moulding type. S4 (A) W- White embossed wallpaper (C) over woodgrain (C) paper over floral wallpaper (B) (See appendix 2) Painted plaster under buff over verdigris green (A) Wall to G.11 removed. C­ Timber cornice. (C) CL - Panelled and batterned fibreboard ceiling (C) over lath and plaster ceiling. (A). J Timber fireplace surround (C) Double hung 6/6 sash window splayed reveals (A). Door 014 to verandah 6 panel, no internal mouldings, bolection mouldings to exterior, central vertical bead. Flush bead bull bottom panels. (A).

G.13.

FL ­ Lino (C) over 100mm hardwood boards (A) S­ Polished cedar 390mm, Type S.2.(A) W- Wallpaper with timber picture rail (C) over painted plaster. (A) Brick fire place surround (0) C­ Timber. (C) CL - Panelled and batterned fibreboard ceiling (C) over lath and plaster ceiling. (A). J- Door 0.13. 03 cedar 6 panel.(A) Built-in cedar cupboard beside chimney breast. (B) 6/6 Double hung sash window with splayed reveals. (A)

.'.

-- r

18.

F .1. FL ­ Lino (C) over 150mm harawood 'boards. (A) S­ 150mm No mouldings, Type 54 (A) W - Masonite lining (0) over lath and plaster (A) painted verdigris green. C­ None. , CL ­ Masonite lining (0) over lath and plaster (A) J - 4 panel doors FD3. (A) Board and braced F 01, FD 2 (A). Stair as G.l.

F.2. FL - 150mm Hardwood boards. (A) S - 150mm no mouldings type 5.4.(A) W - Masonite lining (0) over lath and plaster.(A) C- None. CL - Masonite lining (0) over lath and plaster. (A) J - Dormer shash,window F.W.5,~/1 double"hung sash window. F.D.2. Braced and ledged boarded door.

• F.3. FL - 150mm hardwood boards. (A) S- None. W - Masonite lining (0) over lath and plaster (A) C- None. CL - Masonite lining (0) over lath and plaster (A) J- Dormer FW~'3', 6/6 double hung sash window. (A).

F.4. FL - 150mm hardwood boards. (A) S- None. W - Masonite lining (0) over lath and plaster (A). CL - Masonite lining (0) over lath and plaster (A). C- None. J- Dormer F.W.4 , 6/6 double hung sash window (A). Roofspace - Sections of lOOmm half round gutters.

F.5. FL - 240mm hardwood boards. (A). S ':'100mm no maul di ng, type 54. (A) W - Masonite lining (0) over lath and plaster. (A). CL - Masonite lining (0) over lath and plaster. (A). C- None, J- Dormer window F.W.1, 111 deubae bung,(O), originally 6/6 sash window(A) F.D.3 4 panel door. (A) 19.

F.6.

FL ­ 240mm hardwood boards. (A). S­ lOOmm no mouldings, type 54. (A) W­ Masonite lining (0) over lath and plaster. (A) CL ­ Masonite lining (0) over lath and plaster. (A) C­ None. J- Dormer window 6/6 sash double hung. (A). F.D.4 4 panel doors, no mouldings.(A) 20.

B.l. FL Earth (A) W Coursed sandstone (A) CL ­ 600 ¢ log beam with joists and boarded floor over. (A) J Frame and hinges to B.D.l. (A) H 20 x 20 iron bars to B.W.l (A)

B.2. FL ­ Earth (A) W Cbursed Sandstone(A) CL ­ 600 ¢ log beam with joists and boarded floor over. (A) J None. H Iron bars to B.W.2. Strap iron weaved between bars B.W.3. (A)

B.3. b FL Concrete (C) W Single stair brick rendered and timber window, to enclosure. Sandstone walling. (A) CL, - Timber joists, boards with concrete screed over. (C) u Boarded timber garage doors, small paned fixed windows. (e)

B.4. FL ­ Concrete .(e) W Rendered brick. (e) CL ­ Timber joists boarded floor above.(e) J Boarded timber door. (e) H Built-in range. (C)

B.5. FL Earth (A) W Sandstone (A) eL Timber boards (e) J None. H None. · I' 21.

EXTERIOR FINISHES PHASES OF OCCUPATION SSW - Sparrow pecked coursed sandstone walls A. - Inn - 1845 - C.1860 TSW - Tooled sandstone RSW - Random sandstone wall B. - Residence - C.1860- 1895 F Sandstone Flags RB Rendered Brick C. Motor House C.1895-C.1945 RS - Rendered Sandstone In - Infill walling o. - Residence - C.1945-Present E Eaves G Gutter R - Roof Ch - Chimney VS - Verandah Soffit J- Joinery

SOUTH ELEVATION

TSW - including base course/sills/eaves course (A) Limewashed (A/B) with acrylic paint over (0) F Random pattern sandstone flags to verandah with patches in concrete (C) Sandstone dish drain (A} In Timber boarded verandah infill. (C) Timber picket fence to northern end of verandah (C) (evidence of previous picket fence between wall &column 9.) E Metal sheet (C) Originally boarded (A) G Quadrant (0) originally half round (B/C) R Corrugated iron (0) original battern spacing for shinqles (A) Corrugated iron verandah roof (0) original shingles (~) Ch Sandstone chimneys (A) VS Masonite sheeting (0) originally boarded (A) J Fluted timber columns set into flags.(A)

EASTERN ELEVATION

SSW except for at high level in S.E. corner where walling plastered over and remnants of sign visible Sandstone limewashed (B/C) RB Kitchen wing (C) limewashed (C) In Timber boarded verandah end with siding Timber windows to verandah enclosure (C) E Metal sheet (C) originally timber boarded (A) G Qua~rant profile gutter (0) originally half round (B/C) Galvanised iron downpipes (0) Quad profile to kitchen wing (0) R Corrugated iron (0) originally shingles over main building (A) J reused windows to kitchen wing (C) Ch Sandstone chimneys (A) with attached TV ariel (0) Corrugated iron water tank (0) I' 22. NORTHERN ELEVATION SSW - main rear elevation (A) RB - Kitchen wing and verandah infill (C) In - enclosed verandah timber sliding windows (C) E - metal sheet (C) orignally timber boarded (A) - no eaves to kitchen wing G - quadrant profile gutter ,(D) original half round (B/C) R - corrugated iron over kitchen wing (C) and verandah enclosure (C) J - Reused windows to kitchen wing, sliding timber windows to verandah enclosure. (C) Ch Sandstone to main bUilding (A) - RB to kitchen chimney (C) - corrugated iron tank on RB tank stand (D)

WESTERN ELEVATION

SSW - except for at high level in S.W. corner where stonework, is plastered over and remnants of sign visible (B/C) Stone work lime washed. RB - Kitchen wing and verandah enclosure (C) In - Timber picket fence enclosing verandah(B/C) uE - Metal sheet (C) originally timber boards. (A) G - Quadrant profile gutter (0) originally half round (B/C) kitchen quadrant profile R - Corrugated iron (0) originally shingles (A) Ch - Sandston (A) Basement window opening with iron bars. (A) Corrugated iron rainwater tank. (0) 23.

View from Highway looking East. Fig. 3.2

View from road to Hartley looking East. Fig. 3.3 24.

South Elevat"lOn Fig. 3.4

'. ' ! ' If -, \,.' . -

North Elevat"lOn Fig. 3.5 25.

Eastern Elevation. Fig. 3.6 Base detail of columns. Fig.3.?

South Elevation Flagged verandah and columns. Fig. 3.8 27.

Straight joint 8.5 Between early 19th century sandstone walling to rear terrace and c.1920 kitchen wing. Fig. 3.9 28.

Basement B.1. Log beam. Fig. 3.10

Basement B Opening 8.0.2 Fig. 3.11 29.

Fireplace 6.2 c.1848 Fig. 3.12

Fi rep1ace 6.4 c. 1940' s Fig. 3. 30.

Pressed metal ceiling &cornice. Room G.4a. Fig. 3.14

Battened ceiling. c.1920 Original plaster cornice. c.1848. Room G.4. Fig. 3.15 .,

6 Panel cedar door &fanlight- 0.9. Fig. 3.16 32.

~ ." f.:.

;,. -,'~ !J',"', iii .' ""'"..

Cedar stair. G.1. Fig. 3.17 Built-in cupboard Room G.4. Fig. 3.18 34.

Ledged & braced door. F.D.I. Fig. 3.19

Roofspace S.W. corner. (note battens at shingle spacing). Fig. 3.20 r 35.

4.0 ANALYSIS OF EVIDENCE AND SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS 4.1 ANALYSIS OF DOCUMENTARY: AND PHYSICAL EVIDENCE

From the available documentary and physical evidence it appears that the building now known as the Royal Hotel was built by James Nairn in 1848-9, and that it was first licensed as the Hartley Inn at that time. It was not the first hotel in the town - a license was issued for Collit's Royal Garter Inn near the bridge over the River Lett in 1830 (since demolished) - but it was certainly the most substantial. At the time it was built there were clear expectations that Hartley would develop as the major urban centre at the foot of the mountains, particularly as it had been established as the centre of law and order for the region with the construction of the Hartley Courthouse in the late 1830s. These expectations were reinforced when the discovery of gold saw a dramatic increase in the level of traffic along the Western Road in the early 1850s. The available licensing records indicate that the number of hotels also increased during this period, as is clearly illustrated by a comparison of the figures 'for 1846 and 1853. In 1846 only one hotel was licensed within the township of Hartley, while a total of 4 were listed for the Hartley Licensing District and 307 for New South Wales. By 1853 thes~ figures had increased to 2 for the township of Hartley, 10 for the District and 1201 for the state. By the 1860s the gold fever was largely over and when the new Western Railway by-passed the town in favour of Lithgow in the 1870s, traffic through the town declined even further and the demand- for road-side inns d~~lined accordingly. However, several building~_which were deve1op'ed as hotel sduri ng the mi d-ni neteenth century ·W~mai n withi n- the town aD.~ in the surrounding district and their proximi~Y helps to illus1*~te the level of demand for road-side inns dut;i~ngi this period. Within-:the town, a comparison of the Royal (c.1849-c.r~r60), the Shamrock (c.1856-1894) and the Farmers (c.1861-1870) also helps to illustrate the diverse nature and quality of buildings of this type. Despite the fact that its first phase as a road-side inn only lasted for 10~15 years and that it subsequently went through various changes in its owner s, occupants and use, the existing fabric pr-ovides clear. evidence abouk the quality and extent of the original buildi~g. Few alterations appear to have been carried out during its second phase of use (ie. as a privat~ residence, c.1860-1895), and although it was: extensively refurbished during the 1920s only a few alterations were made to the originaq layout and details such as the joinery we~e ~eft largely intact. However, the rear extensions built during this third phase of occupation completely altered the arrangement of the rear access. From a rnysical examination of the building the rear door leading from the stair hall appears to have been part of the original fabric and this area would have included an external stair to ground level plus some form of connection (e.g. paths/covered walkway) to the cellars and~outbuildings (kitchen, servants wing, stables, blacksmiths shop). No evidence has been found which would help to describe the original layout of the rear access, but at some stage after the construction of the building a small verandah platform was created by the construction of three rubble walls immediately below the rear door. These walls are butt jointed to the main part of the building and are not of the same quality, but the mud mortar suggests that they were built at an early date - possibly during I it I" '" 36.

the first phase of occupation. During the third phase this area was f extended as the base to the kitchen wing, the new walls being butt.~ t jointed to the old (see photog(aph, page29). No further information has been found about the design and layout of the former verandah and steps or about their physical relationship with the outbuildings which are known to have existed in 1853. The only other change to the building which appears to have been undertaken at an early date is the alteration of one of the three front doors (0.1) from a single to a double leaf. The evidence which suggests a date for this change lies in the style of hinges which are of a smaller scale, but similar design to the original hinges remaining to door 09. The building continued to be used as a hotel until at least 1857 and possibly until 1865, but by 1868 it had been occupied as a private residence by the Church of England minister, the Reverend R.H. Mayne, and one of the out-buidlings had been converted to a denominational school and teacher's residence. In the following year this became the town's first public school, but by mid-1870 a new school building had been erected on another site. From 1871 to 1895 another building, the Farmers Inn, was the only hotel to be licensed within the town and it is likely that Nairn's old hotel was used as a private restdence for all or part of this period. However, apart from ownership records ltttle documentary evidence has been found to determine its history during the latter part of the century. As described above few physical alterations appear to have been undertaken during thts period although it may be assumed that there was no longer any need for all of the stables (ie. in 1853 the site included one 9 stall stable and two 4 stall stables.). At least some of these are.-t.herefore likely to have been adapted to other uses, allowed to deteriorate or demolished at this time. Within the building the only featu~e which appears to date stylistically from thts-~ period is the built-in cupboard to room G.13, but the physical evidence. suggests that this was either temporarily removed when the room was re-papered during its third phase of occupation or that it was fitted as a re-used cupboard at this later date. In 1895 a new llcense was issued to Robert McGarry for the Royal Hotel, but it is not known whether this was ·for the former Farmers Inn or for the building which forms the subject of this report. In either case the hotel ceased to be licensed in the' following year and no further licenses were issued for the town until Robert McGarry took out a Colonial Wine License in 1898. Once again no documentary evidence has been found to identify the site o-f these premises, but by 1914, Robert McGarry and his wife Janet had developed Nairn's old hotel as McGarry's Royal Motor House. By 1914 access to the door at the north-eastern end of the building had been divided from the remainder of the front yard and verandah by a timber fence (see photograph, page Sa ) and physical evidence for this change remains in notches to the verandah column, front wall and flagging. The 1914 photograph also shows that a large garage had been built on the road alignment to the north-east of the old hotel and that the main building had been re-roofed with corrugated iron. In terms of the latter, physical evidence in the form of closely spaced battens indicates that the hotel was originally covered with a shingle roof. At the beginning of 1922 the McGarrys took out a mortgage for eight hundred pounds and from the physical evidence of alterations to the 37.

interior of the building it appears likely that this money was used tq up-grade the premises. The development of this site as a motor hous~ ~ (offering accommodation, refre?hments and petrol) was encouraged by the increasing popularity of the Blue Mountains and, in particular, the Jenolan Caves as a tourist resort. The first motor car had reached the Jenolan Caves in as early as 1903 and on Easter Sunday, 1921, no less than 87 cars had arrived by noon. For both private motor cars and horse drawn coaches, Hartley was a convenient stop at the foot of the mountains for people travelling to the Caves via Mt. Victoria, but by the late 1930s, improvements to motor transport and changing patterns in tourism had reduced the need for frequent refreshment stops and Hartley's "brief flicker of importance" was reported to be over. The work undertaken as part of the refurbishment of the old hotel included lining all of the ground floor ceilings in fibreboard and battens in an asymetrical pattern. New timber picture rails, cornices and picture shelfs were also introduced· and the plastered walls were finished in the latest style using embossed wall paper with leaf pattern friezes. The need for an internal kitchen was overcome by the construction of a new rear wing leading directly from the original rear door (room G.9) and additional accommodation was provided by the enclosure of part of the front·verandah (G.4a) and by building an enclosed verandah over a new, attached garage to the rear (G.10 and B.3). The rear additions incorporated re-used joinery (W.7 &8) and were qeneral Iy of a poorer quality than the other al t er-at i ons and interior fittings.

The major alterations to the original fabric involved the demolition of the wall between rooms G.11 &12 to form one large room and the creation of new doors between rooms G.8 and G.11 (0.12), G.4 and G.4a (W2) and G.8 and G.10 (0.11). In the first of these cases, old joinery was re-used and it is possible that this was taken~from a doorway in the demolished wall. In room 4a the window was enlarged to form a new doorway to the .",' front verandah enclosure. In the thjrd case the opening was recorded as being part of the original fabric jn a NPWS assessment of the building (Measured drawings and conjectural reconstruction dated Sept. 1979), but the height of the opening does not correspond with that of the other external openings and the lintel is of timber rather than stone. It is therefore considered that this was probably formed during the third period of occupation to provide access to the new room to the rear. The rearrangement of Room G.8, including the creation of two new doors (0.11 & 0.12) and the construction of an angled wall to provide a new 'corridor' between Rooms G.11 and G.13 (see Figure 4.1b ) was possibly undertaken in order to provide an internal bathroom. The fireplace surround to room G.12 also appears to have been replaced at about this time. The Royal continued to be run by McGarry until his death in 1942 and then by his son-in-law, Mr. Luscombe, until about the end of the Second World War, but from this time on it was used as a private residence. In 1969 th~ site was purchased by the Blaxland Shire Countil and in 1972 it was proclaimed as part of the Hartley Historic Site. Successive alterations since the Second World War have involved minor improvements to the building for residential use. These have included the following: replacing the corrugated iron roof sheeting lining the attic walls and ceiling in masonite sheet. (rollowing water damage to the original lath &plaster.) replacing the diagonal 'corridor' between G.ll & G.l3, with a rectangular corridor in timber frame lined in masonite. 38.

Cladding the fireplace to G.8 with masonite sheeting. L Forming a new corridor between the bathroom and doors 0.10 ~ 0.11 Upgrading the bathroom. and ~itchen fittings Providing an internal toilet to the rear addition Constructing new brick fireplace surrounds to rooms G.4 &G.13. Other changes have included the demolition of the large free-standing garage to the road alignment at the north-eastern end of the old hotel, the construction of the present free-standing garage to the rear of this site and the construction of a rusticated stone and pipe fence to the front boundary. The general garden setting, including the cypress pine, shrubs, flower beds, vegetable plots, compost bins and paths all date from this most recent phase of occupation. Unfortunately, much of work undertaken during this period, including the extensive use of unfinished masonite to 'repair' the deteriorated lath and plaster par.titions to the attic and to create new partitions in the bathroom, and the poor detailing of'the new fireplace surround, has failed to respect the quality and character of this historic building.

As indicated by the above outline, the Royal Hotel has undergone a number of changes in both its occupants and use, and at least some documentary and/or physical evidence has been found for each of the major phases of occupation. However, in respect to its location within the Hartley Historic Site and to its physical configuration and detailing, it is considered that the primary significance of the building lies in its development as a substantial road-side inn during the mid-nineteenth century.

~.' 39.

"\

/

" \l"~/ "\ ?~

,­ IrJ '---~__-r--....J ~~=--?,-.,I

o

PHASE 1 c1845 -1860

o

PHASE· 2 c1860 -1895 Fig. 4.10 4""'"-- _ ------_.

ec~~ PHASE 3 c1895 -1940

~R..<>J-~ PHASE'·4 c1940 -1987 Fig.4·1b 41.

4.2 UNSOLVED QUESTIONS 4.2.1 HISTORY OF USE It has not been determined when the building now known as the Royal Hotel ceased to be licensed during its first period of use as a public house. Its history between the death of Denis Mahony in 1857 and its documented use as the Anglican rectory in 1868-9 remains unclear and it has not been confirmed whether this was the building which was licensed as the Royal between 1858 and c.1865. During its earliest phase of use, it is known that the inn included 3 parlours, 4 bedrooms, a bar and tap room (ref. Advertisement for the inn dated July, 1853), but no plans or descriptions have been located which would confirm the distribution of these rooms ,within the existing layout. A clear reference was made to use of the cellars for storage, and the existence. of a separate building housing the kitchen and servants quarters, but no mention was made of the attic rooms or the hotel ~eepers private quarters.

While it is known that the building was used as the Anglican ministers residence in 1868-9, no documentary evidence has been found to confirm that the minister lived there before or after this time. Similarly, there is no documentary evidence about its use prior to 1914, when photographic evidence indicates that it had been developed as McGarry's ~ Royal Motor House, although it is possible that it had been re-opened as a hotel in as early as 1895.

Further information about the history of the building during its occupation by McGarry and his descendants is likely to be available through family and oral history sources, but it was not possible to undertake this research within the budgetary and time constraints of this study.

4.2.2 PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT No physical intervention was carried out as part of the physical investigation of the building and little detailed documentary evidence was available to accurately determine the extent of the alterations made to the fabric during each phase of occupation. The major questions which remain unanswered about the physical development of the site are related to the original layout of stairs and/or lean-to's to the rear of the building and to the distribution of the outbuildings known to exist in 1853 (stables, kitchen, ser~ants quarters, blacksmith shop) and 1868 (school and teachers residence). The potential for archaeological evidence about these buildings has been briefly outlined in Section 4.2.3. In addition to the above, further physical and/or historical investigation is required .to accurately determine the original layout of the attic rooms whether there was originally a second dormer to the rear elevation when the wall between rooms Gll/12 was removed,if there was a door between these rooms, and if so, where it was located. when door 01 was altered from single to double leaf. the nature of the original lining to the underside of the verandah roof (described as being 'ceiled' in 1853 ) and eaves to main roof. 42.

the nature of any landscapiny to the yrounds duriny the first three phases of occupation.

4.2.3 ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE By 1853, the site covering lots 3,4,5 &7 of Section 14 had been developed with the hotel, one 9 stalled stable, two 4 stalled stables with sheds attached, a blacksmith's shop and a detached kitchen/servants' wing. The main stable,was described as being slabbed, weatherboarded and flagged with a loft over, but no further information has been found about the nature and extent of these buildings. Fifteen years later an out-building measuring approximately 4 x 10m and consisting of two rooms with brick fireplaces, was being used as a school and teachers residence, but it is not known when this was built or demolished, or where it was located on the site. From the survey plan dated 16 November, 1906, it is clear that the hotel was located towards the front (south-eastern) boundary of lots 3 &4, but no evidence has been found to accurately locate the out-buildings. As described above,no documentary evidence has been found which would help to determine the nature of the original stair and/or lean-to at the rear of the building. During its use as a motor house a new iron shed was built on the north-eastern side of the hotel, but this was demolished after the 1940s and the site has been redeveloped with another small shed and garden plots. At least part of the site has been extensively disturbed by the construction of the new alignment of the Great Western Highway which passed through the major part of lots 5 and 7, the southern quarter of lot 6, the north-western half of lot 4 and the northern corner of lot 3 (See Figure 1.1). The area adjacent to the former hotel has also been redeveloped with garden plots, a garage and a small shed, but it is possible that some archaeological evidence may still remain of the out-buildings dating from the two major phases of development. In addition to the above it is possible that an archaeological investigation of the building (both before and during any conservation works) may provide further information about the various changes to the fabric and the use of the various rooms within the old hotel. .. I 43.

5.0 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE r :r ~ 5.01 Architecturally, the Royal Hotel illustrates a typical design and layout for a substantial mid-nineteenth century road-side inn. Despite major refurbishment carried out in the early ­ mid twentieth century, it has retained many intact elements of high quality craftmanship from its original phase of development.

5.02 The Royal Hotel makes a major contribution to the history and character of Hartley, as a road-side village which was largely developed in the 1840s-60s.

5.03 In its history as a road-side inn, private residence and motor house, and in the configuration and quality of its fabric, the Royal Hotel reflects the high expectations for development and subsequent decline of the town during its two brief phases as an important road-side ~illage.

5.04 In association with other old road-side inns in the immediate vicinity and elsewhere along the western road, the Royal helps to illustrate the demand for a large number of road-side inns to provide refreshment stops and accommodation for traffic along the western road in the early - mid nineteenth century. It also helps to illustrate the diverse nature and quality of these buildings. 44.

r 6.0 CONSTRAINTS ~ Refer~rite to 6.1 PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS ARISING OUT OF THE Statement of , Significance STATEMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE. 6.1.1 The building should be retained and conserved and 5.1 its inn/motor house/domestic nature maintained. 5.3 5.4

6.t.2 Architectural features of the original mid-19th Century period contributing to the significance of the building should be conserved. No new work or activity should significantly conceal the form and features of the original building. 5.2

6.1.3 The contribution of latter periods up to when the house was used as a residence c.1945, should be 4.1 respected 'unless what is removed is of slight cultural significance and what is to be revealed is of much greater cultural significance'. 5.1 (Burra Charter Arl ..

6.1.4 New works or activities within the setting of the building should be carefully located, designed and formulated having regard to their impact on its 5.1 unspoilt nature as a remnant of an historic mid - 5.3 19th Century road-side village. 5.4

6.2 PROCEDURAL CONSTRAINTS AND REQUIREMENTS ARISING FROM THE STATEMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE: All work should be done in accordance with the principles of the Burra Charter of Australia ICOMOS. In particular, the following procedural requirements should be noted: Reference to Burra Charter

6.2.1 Original Fabric All conservation work should be based on a respect Article 3 for the original fabrlc and should involve the least possible physical intervention. 6.2.2 Recording The existing fabric should be recorded befQre any Article 23 disturbance. This process has been partly carried out for this report.

6.2.3 Investigation Any disturbance of the fabric or archaeological Article 24 excavation should be only undertaken where necessary to provide data essential for decislons on the con- servation of the place. 45.

Such investigation may include paint scrapes to enable the preparation of paint sequence tables, to exp1ain the decoration .schemes . It would also include archaeological investigation of the garden. 6.2.4 Responsiblity The organisation and individuals responsible for Article 26 policy decisions must be identified. 6.2.5 Direction and Supervision Appropriate professional direction and supervision Article 27 must be maintained at all stages of the work. 6.2.6 New Evidence A record must be kept of new evidence and future Article 27 decisions. 6.2.7 Archives Copies of all reports and records should be placed Article 28 in a permanent archive, and made publicly available.

6.3 EXTERNAL CONSTRAINTS ARISING OUT OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PLACE. 6.3.1 Register of the National Estate. The house is included in the above register. Inclusion in the Register entails no legal obligations on the owner unless the Commonwealth Government is involved.

6.3.2 National Trust of Australia (NSW) Register The place is classified by the National Trust of Australia (NSW) and described as follows: Built in 1846 of stone walls and stone flagged verandah with fluted wooden columns. The attic rooms of lath and plaster and dormer windows on all four sides. The chimney pieces are of carved wood. Originally called the Albion Hotel and first licensee James Nairn During the 1850's it was used as a residence for the Anglican Minister. In the 1860's it became the Royal Hotel with William Dunn as licensee. The school classes were conducted at the rear of the hotel until 1887. It was taken over by Mr. McGarry in 1895 as a hotel and later a wine salon, until 1945, when it became a private residence. Significance: O~e of the oldest hotels on the Western road and typical in design and materials used for the better constructed wayside inns of this date. 46.

f ~ The inclusion of a place in this register does not have anyof ~ legal effect, but is widely recognised as an authoritative statement on the significance of a place.

6.4 CONSTRAINTS ARISING OUT OF THE INTEGRITY AND CONDITION OF THE PLACE.

6.4.1 Condition: None of the significant buildings and features on the site are in so bad a physical condition as to prejudice future conservation decisions. The c.1920 wallpaper affected by damp may be beyond repair in situ. 6.4.2 Integrity: Exterior accretions added during the "1920's and later involved cheap and often reused materials. These structures were of comparatively poor workmanship (ie. single skin brickwork to verandah enclosure) and if these areas are adapted in the future, it may be justified to remove, rebuild or modify the constryction.

6.5 CONSTRAINTS ARISING OUT OF THE DOCUMENTARY AND PHYSICAL EVIDENCE ABOUT THE PbACE. 6.5.1 Building: Any new works should be undertaken in accordance with the guidelines set out in section 6.0 and 7.0. For example, if it was considered appropriate to reconstruct an earlier rear terrace configuration, further documentary and physical evidence would be required. (6.2.3).

6.5.2 Setting: Little documentary or physical evidence has been found that would allow an authentic reconstruction of the immediate setting of the building. Using the present information (fences) and present configuration, it would be po~sible (if this was considered appropriate) to construct a 'sympathetic' setting for the house which would be conjectural in detail. However, it may be possible that some physical remains of the outbuildings and garden layout may be found in the course of a properl.y conducted archaeological survey. (Refer to 7.1.2) f~ . 47.

6.6 SIGN.IFICANT FABRIC - GRADING ZONES OF SIGNIFICANCE FOR INTERNAl SPACES. -

6.1 General Principles The fabric of Zone 1 spaces should be preserved and reconstructed. No original material should be removed or action taken to confuse the sense of the spaces or original finishes. Activities should be controlled so as not to prejudice the association of these rooms with their nineteenth century use. The original fabric of Zone 2 spaces should be preserved. Reconstruction is desirable, provided sufficient detailed information is available. Adaption may be permitted to the extent of installing fixtures, services and reversible partitions, but no major structural openings should be made. The fabric of Zone 3 spaces amy be adapted, provided this does not affect the significant external appearance of the building. New reversible partitions can be installed. Demolition may be desirable in order to reconstruct spaces of higher significance. 48.

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7.0 CONSERVATION GUIDELINCS t :r .'...... 7.1 GENERALLY

7.1.1 HOUSE The surviving configuration of the fabric built in the 19th century should be retainell and conserved. The subsequent fabric installed in the 20th century may be removed, but only if this is done in conjunction with the reconstructing of the more significant 19th century configuration. (ie. removal of front verandah enclosure and reinstatement of original window to room G.4). Substantial disturbances of the ground or any part of the building and features sealed from recent disturbance should not be made without appropriate supervision and recording. The small scale commercial or domestic nature of the house should be maintained. The building would be best left without any new additions. Should additions to the building be unavoidable, these should be located to the north-east, separate to the main building, possibly connected by a covered way. should be of a subservient scale and not involve the re-orientation of the architectural focus of the house. should, on close inspection, be clearly distinguishable as modern wor k. Adaption of internal spaces for new or modern uses should be minimised. Should adaptation be unavoidable, this should occur in spaces ranked of lower significance, should be designed in sympathy with the building,should be on close inspection, clearly distinguishable as modern work. * Final decisions with regard to which fabric is to be repaired or reconstructed will need to be made in conjunction with the decision on the future use of the building, and in accordance with the management and interpretation plan of the town as a whole.

7.1.2 SETTING The rural/townscape character of the setting should be maintained. The immediate setting of the bui Iding should be maintained and developed as an appropr i at e s e t t i nq for the house. New garden works should be confined to a small area around the house, and us~ landscaping material common to the major period(s) to be emphasised by the cons ervet ion vlut"ks . For example, if the e~terndl appearance of the h00se is to be returned to its 19th century cont i qur at i on, then it would be appropriate to replace the mid 20th century rubble fence with a tilnber picket fence to match that in the 1870ls photo. Ref.P.12

New garden works : should be based on the Idyout iJ.nd archaeoloyy of the existing features. should be of subservient scale should screen new additions to the building to preserve its scale and setting. sc

t 7.2 CONSERVATION POLICY -e-: Refer'ence

The policy principles that can be drawn from the constrai nts are to:

7.2.1 Recognise the original building and most of its improvements up to 1945 as being of significance.

7.2.2 Confine work in zone 1/2 to preservation, restoration and reconstruction as defined in the Burra Charter and Art it. to adaptation where it does not reduce the significance 11 3, of the place.

7.2.3 Recognise that new construction work on the site is acceptable provided that it does not reduce or obscure significance of the place, and that an appropriate visual setting in term of space, form, sCnlp, colour and texture is achieved. Artie

7.3 GUIDELINE IMPLEMENTATION 7.3.1 GENERALLY

Considering the statement of significance and the above constra' conservation guidplines for the site can be formulated. Propos: future uses will impose additional external requirements. Thes~ guidelines and recommended implementation are limited to those actions which logically arise out of,or follow from, the nature the significance of the place. Some of these may be in conflic~ with modern uses and if so, these uses, if possible, should not be imposed. Conversely, uses should be chosen that allow implementation of as much of the policy as practicable.

7.3.2 PREFERRED USES

use which keeps the occupation, serv i ces and appliances to low level or can be accommodated ln areas of lesser siginificance (Zone 3)

use which maintains desirable public contact and access to ­ building.

use which generates a low level of wear and tear, in partic., with regard to the stair. use which does not increase the risk of fire.

use wh i ch accepts the constrai nts en t 'ie vse of the basemen r (storage) and attic (storage) ** See NOTE over. 51. ** NOTE: The use of the attic for other than storage, would not be: advised for the following reasons: 1) Existing 1840 stair could never be made to confor.m to Ordinance 70 in respect of tread/riser dimensions or fire resistance, without its renewal. 2) The existing ceiling heights and number of windows in the attic room would restrict the use of these rooms under Ordinance 70 to non habitable rooms. 7.4 LOCATION AND DESIGN OF ADDITIONS. 7.4.1 LOCATION General: If it is essential for the proposed use of the building that additional accommodation be provided then the following guidelines should be applied. ' Attached additions should be confined to the area now occupied by the kitchen wing G.g and verandah enclosure G.10 and do not require new openings to walls or roof of the original buildings. Detached additions should be located to the north-east of the main building and separated by at least 10 metres from the main building. *(1) New structures are preferably separate by can be linked to the rear of the main building by a covered way. Structures should be ' set back from the old road at least as far as the Royal Hotel.

7.4.2 DESIGN: Any new structures should be subservient in scale to the main building in accordance with the traditional relationship between a roadsid~' inn and its out building, and in order to minimise their visual impact, they should be made up of a group or series of pavilions, characterised by pitched roofs and of materials listed in 7.4.3. Preferably the building should be of single storey and set down the natural slope of the land. The further away from the Royal the larger the addition can be, up to a maximum of a structure half the size 'of the Royal, preferably broken down into a series of smaller building forms.

7.4.3 EXTERNAL MATERIALS CONSISTENT WITH THE CONSERVATION GUIDELIN,ES: Walls: Painted rendered brick, painted/unpainted weatherboard . .~ls/Lintels: Painted rendered brick. Windows Timber, double hung, panes vertical format, painted. Roof:' Pitched corrugated iron. Fences: Unpainted, pickets palings.

*(1) The original land ownership included block to the east of the main house and it is believed that certain out-buildings were located in this area. It is considered the western aspect of the Royal from Hartley and the main road should remain undeveloped. (See Fig. 7.1) 52.

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8.0 REPAIR &RECONSTRUCTION WORKS 8.1 GENERAL The following is a list of works divided into urgent repairs needed to stablilise the fabric and long term works desirable for repair or reconstruction. Many of the latter items would require further physical investigation before details were finalised.

8.2 EXTERIOR 8.2.1 URGENT WORKS:

1. Overhaul roof covering, realign all gutters, rod all downpipes y/ and renew flashings as necessary.

2. Carefully take down columns 1 - 10 proppi ng verandah, patch 2,'" r .., '­ rotten column bases with hardwood to match existing and reinstate ~'.'~ columns to D.P.C. to original detail.Maintian existing align- 'ment of verandah plate. 3. To reduce the rising damp problem and resultant sandstone deterioration, it is recommended that a dry area drain be / created along the verandah at the level of bed rock. This drain v' would catch the considerable natural ground water flowing down the slope and divert it away from the basement, to soak aways well away from the building. The trench should be dug in the front garden maintaining the original sandstone dish drain and taken to a level of bedrock. A channel should be chased into the rock or an Agricultural drain laid_and back filled with gravel ,with the garden restored over. The channel drain should be extended some 5 metres to the side of the building and discharge into a gravel soak away. 4. Repoint stone chimneys, securing all loose stones. - 5. Refix collapsed verandah picket fence. 6. Remove all cement pointing and repoint in lime mortar mix. Especially to N.E. elevation at low level. 7. Remoye concrete to base of sandstone walling in garage. 8. Take down bulging verandah walling in S.W. corner and rebuild in lime mortar mix. 9. Repair all broken panes of glass. Seal all eaves openingsto prevent entry of birds into the :~oof space.

10. Rep~ir all defective timber to windows, especially rotten hardwood sills to the north elevation and dormers. 11. Renew leaking water tanks.) ~ ~ ,. •. ~~--,;:..-.:.:::-.__ .~--.:.---~.....:.._~;.:::::.. .-._~-. ~ '--,'r-~,..--~- _. __.. ~.-.", , .... -.~ . ~~ ,_.- ._. ~-~"-'-'" - '"""""._-

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8.2.2 LONG TERM WORKS 1. Reconstruct 6/6 dormer windows F.W.l, F.W.5 and diagonal boarding to all dormers. 2. Remove T.V. aerial. 3. Remove all surface electrical wlrlng, including meter box, from its position at the front door. Reposition in a less conspicuous position. 4. Remove acrylic paint from South elevation, leave lime wash under. 5. Remove lining to verandah soffit and reconstruct original boarded ceiling. (to be confirmed)

6. Re-position fire hose reel in less conspicuous position. 7. Rationalise downpipes and renew gutters in half round profile to match section of original gutter found in roof space. .

8. If the external appearance of the building is to be returned to its significance as a mid-19th century inn, the front verandah enclosure should be removed and the front window reconstructed. 9. If the building is to be reconstructed in accordance with point 8 above, the front rubble fence and iron gate should be removed and replaced with a timber picket fence, detail to match that shown in the 1870's photo. Ref. P.12. 10 If the existing configuration of the kitchen and verandah enclosure is retained, its joinery including garage doors, windows and doors require a thorough overhaul and repair. r 55.

8.3 INTERIOR 8.3.1 URGENT WORKS Basement: GENERALLY to reduce the dampness and so reduce the deterioration to the sandstone. 1) Remove rubbish and stored materials to increase air flow:--' , Environment of basement not' suitable for storage at present. 2) Drain the basement by installing agricultural drains in the earth floor draining to the lower north elevation and to soak aways. 3) Remove concrete pointing and repoint limited areas of eroded mortar with lime mortar mix.

4) Remove concrete flooring adjacent to sandstone walls to reduce rising damp in the walls.

Ground Floor: 1) Repair cracking to internal dividing walls between G.5/G.6 and G.6/G.7 caused by insufficient bonding of internal walls to external Ashlar walls. Insert 3 no. concrete insitu wall ties evenly spaced to each wall junction with signs of cracking. 2) Repair cracking over door openings G.11/G.12 open up to investigate possible defective lintels. Replace if necessary and make good plaster. Possibly caused by added loading of beam when wall between G.11/G.12 was removed.

3) Take up line to Hall G.1. Investigate the removal of concrete to sandstone flags. The concrete layer over the flags is exasperating the damp problem to the hall walls and its removal, only without damaging the flags, would be disirable. First Floor: 1) Repair all dormers.

8.3.2 LONG TERM WORKS:

1) Joinery generally, repair by carefully cutting out defective pieces and s~licing in new cedar to match original in profile and colour. 2) Plaster generallY, hack off sections of damp affected plaster and make good in plaster mix to match original. Including repairs to existing plaster ceiling.

3) Remove carpets and inspect floor boards.

4) Restore and reconstruct fireplaces to rooms G.4, G.13 and G.8. Reconstruct fireplace surround to match existing in G.2. If G.12 is to be reconstructed to its original configuration as an inn, the fireplace should be reconstructed to match existinq in G.2. - ·"

56.

5) If the building is to be returned to its significance as ~f t mid 19th century inn, then .room G.4a should be removed and the verandah restored to ~riginal configuration.' . Block up opening W.2 and reconstruct sash window to match W.1.

6) Repair all broken g~ass including panes to built-in cupboard in G.4. 7) Rooms G.9 Kitchen, G.1D Verandah enclosure and g.8 Bathroom, are rooms of lesser significance which may be adapted, depending on the proposed future use of the Royal. 8) Repair and reconstruct all dormers to their original 6/6 double sash configuration. 9) Remove masonite lining to lath and plaster walls and repair all lath and plaster walls and ceiling.s 57. NATIONAL PARKS Appendix A AND WILDLIFE SERVICE

BRIEF FOR PREPARATION OF STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE .i- AND IDENTIFICATION OF RESTRAINTS AND CONSERVATION FACTORS FOR "THE ROYAL HOTEL"HARTLEY HISTORIC SITE

Introduction

Explorers Blaxland,Wentworth,Lawson, roadbuilder Cox and his gang of convict labourers, all skirted south of where Hartley village now stands. Not until Surveyor-General (later Sir) Thomas Mitchell fought and won his battle to put his road down the Pass of Victoria did the potential for development of the settlement in its present location clarify, spurred by need.

By 1832, when Governor Bourke opened the Pass, men of initiative had already settled in the Hartley valley, farming with assigned labour. These gave rise to a need for a government control point closer than Penrith or Bathurst, both fifty miles from the valley.

Hartley's Court House was built in 1837 to become the seat of officialdom, and the rest of the village grew slowly around this centre. Churches, stores, post office, pubs - early owner/builders were looking for incomes, not simply places in which to live.

Part of their livelihood came from servicing the district's farming community. The balance would come from travellers to the west -or those returning, going east~ In days preceding trains and cars, both men and beast would need food and shelter .. The entrepeneur of early pub services was, Pierce Collits, but once his Hartley Vale Golden Fleece lost its Mount York custom, he failed to see where the future lay. The man who saw Hartley's future. was one James Nairn , recognised as the builder of ~hat is now The Royal Hotel at Hartley. We do not ktiow if his building, relatively gran~ for the th~n countryside indicated his faith in the future or' tapped an .existing market. Hartley Historic Site, which includes The Royal, is now under the care and control of National Parks and Wildlife Service. It is the Service's intention to call for expressions of interest for the future use of The Royal, with emphasis on commercial/ residential/restaurant type usage, similar to its previou~ function. The purpose of the Brief is to

(,Tf rae provide researched documentation to guide the Service -"'" A.U,", -..t_I1'.'. in seeking these expressions of interest. 1290 '., T 58. . \ THE CONSULTANT shall :- 1. Review the existing documentary evidence held by the Service. This consists of - 1.1 Property Officer's search of deeds 1.2 Family history of Evan Morgan, original land owner 1.3 Family history of James Nairn, believed to be the builder 1.4 Some early inn licence information 1.5 Oral history of the more recent history of the building. /- The consultant shall include some additional minor research. Upon reviewing the existing historical data and the fabric of the building, the consultant may identify the need for further research. Should the consultant identify the need for further extensive research, this shall be discussed with the Project Manager. 2. Examine the building,identifying significant fabric, 3. Provide a Statement of Significance.

3.1 Statement should consider the relative significance of the original concept of the inn its use in the 1850's as an adjunct to the gold rush the revitalisation of business with the advent of the motor car and associated tourism opportunities. 3.2 Statement should consider the relative significance of factors such as linplied in the fact that the late Georgian symmetrical form of the building has been interrupted by the infilling of part of the front verandah and the room thus formed appears to be integrally linked to the existing decoration of the main residential interiors.

4. (a) As a result of the Statement of Significance, identify restraints • arising from the Statement of Significance. (b) Identify all fabric of the building which should. be conserved In its ;--~. present physical location. 5. Identify essential works to provide stabilisation.

6. Advise whether there can be further development as an addition or adjunct to the existing buildings. 7. The consultant shall carry out the study generally within the guidelines of the Burra Charter and the associated ICOMOS documents. Reference should be made to lithe Conservation Pl.an" by J. S. Ker.

INCLUSION: The Former Royal Hotel Hartley Historic Site NSW (Requirements For Its Proper Conservation and Future Use C.R.S. , .... , ...... ~"..- ....~. ----_. -...... _...... ~

59. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE AND CONSERVATION REPORT ROYAL HOTEL, HARTLEY

APPENDIX B CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY OF THE SITE 1814 - 1830s The Western Road was constructed between Sydney and Bathurst in 1814-15, but the Government soon placed restrictions on travel along this route in an attempt to control settlement in the new western districts. Travel restrictions continued to be enforced throughout the 1820s and during this period little road-side development took place along the Western Road (Croft &Associates, 1985 : 37-8).

1830s The 1830s saw an easing of these restrictions under Governor Bourke and as the number of travellers over the mountains increased so did the development of facilities to accommodate them. Inns sprang up at regular intervals, including the Pilgrim Inn (1830) and Lord Byron Inn (c.1837) near the present day township of Blaxland; the Valley Inn at Valley Heights (1832); Springwood Inn, Springwood (1845); Toll Bar Inn, Linden (c.1857): Woodmans Inn, Woodford (c.1832); . Blue Mountain Inn, Lawson (1840); Weatherboard Inn, Wentworth Falls (c.1827); Shepherd and his Flock Inn, Cherry Tree Flat (c.1830); Scotch Thistle Inn, Blackheath (1831); Welsome Inn, Mount Victoria (1836); and Collits Inn, Hartley Vale (1823). (Croft &Associates, 1985: Figures 2.1-2.5).

In ab~ut 1830, Major Thomas Mitchell had various sites reserved for village purposes along the proposed western road via the pass of Mount Victoria. Of these,an area of approximately 640 acres was set aside at the crossing of the River Lett, and in the early part of 1836, Governor Bourke approved the laying out of a village in this location. The village plan, which was subsequently·designed by the Deputy Surveyor-General, S.A. Perry, included 41 sections with 16 streets. (Foster, et al, 1937 : 17) In 1830, a license was issued for the 'Royal Garter' Hotel at Mount York (located near the River Lett Bridge on the edge of the area later laid out as Hartley) and it appears that from this time on, at least one hotel was licensed within the town for each year until .1895. (See Appendix C.)

1836-40 The village plan was approved in 1837 and gazetted under the name of the Township of Hartley on 1 January, 1838. By this time the courthouse had been completed, but despite this, a~d the establishment of the inn on the edge of the town, it was not until 1840 that the first allotments were sold by auction. (Foster, et al, 1937 : 18). 60.

12 June, 1845 Lot 3, Section 14 in the Village of Hartley sold by Government Auction to William Dempseyz Purchase price of 2 pounds 7 shillings for 1 rood 7 perches (1,189 m). (LTO -,Register of Land Grants, Serial 218)

30 July, 1845

Lots 4 & 5, Section 14 sold by Government Auction to Evan ~organ. Purchase price of 2 pounds 15 ~hillings for Lot 4 (1,391 m ) and 3 pounds 9 shillings for Lot 5 (1,745 m). (LTO - Register of Land Grants, Serial 218).

21 April, 1846 James Nairn granted a publican's license for the IHartley Inn l, Hartley. This license was re-issued in 1847 and 1848, but no records are held by the State Archives Office for the period 1849-52. (AO - Reels 5059-62, Publicanls Licenses.) Note: . James Nairn had previously been issued with a publican's license for the 'Kings Arms', Penrith (1842-5). (Ao - Publicans Licenses, Reel 5059 and Publicans Licenses, card file.)

26 March, 1847 Transfer of Lot 3, Section 14 from William Dempsey of Hartley, wheel­ wright, to James Nairn of Hartley, Innkeeper, for a sum of eighty-two pounas. (LTO - Book 12, No. 450). Transfer of Lots 4 &5, Section 14 from Evan Morgan of Hartley, black­ smith, to James Nairn of Hartley, Innkeeper, for a sum of one hundred and seven pounds. (LTO - Book 12, No. 449.)

7 July, 1848 Mortgage of Lts 3,4 &5, Section 14 to Henry Cohen of Sydney, merchant, for a sum of one hundred and forty pounds. Property re-conveyed to Nairn on 7 may, 184~. (LTO - Book 15, No. 104; and Book 16, No.482).

13 January, 1849 Mr. Nairne's (sic) premises at Hartley advertised as a booking office for the Royal Mail Coaches. (Bathurst Advocate, p.1).

Note: in the previous year Mr. Collit's 'Rose Inn l was advertised as the Hartley'booking office. (Bathurst Advocate, 5 February, 1849.) According to the NPWS file on the Royal Hotel, a newspaper advertisement announced the opening of Nairn's new hotel in 1849.

12 May, 1849 Mortgage of Lts 3,4 &5, Section 14 to Thomas Kite of Sydney, Esquire, for three hundred and twenty pounds. Propety re-conveyed to Nairn on 22 August, 1853. (LTO - Book 16, No. 512 and Book 28, no. 255.) 61.

9 June, 1849 Sale by auction of Lot 7, Secti'on 14'to James Nairn. Purchase price of 7 pounds 12 shillings for 2 roods 34 perches (2,883 m2). (LTO - Register of Land grants, Serial No. 223.)

27 April, 1853

Death of Margaret Nairn at Hartley, "the beloved wife of James Nairn of the Hartley Inn". (SMH, 27 April, 1853, p.3.)

20 June, 1853

James Nairn granted a publican's general. license for the 'Albion Inn', Hartley. (AO - Reel 5063-4, Publicans Licenses, License No. 519.)

21 July, 1853 Advertisement for the sale of the 'Albion Inn' in the Sydney Morning Herald:

VALUABLE FREEHOLD PROPERTY For sale, by private contract, that well known substantial stone building, known as the Albion Inn, Hartley. It is situated on the banks of the rivulet, and commands a never failing supply of pure water, and situated on the direct road to Bathurst and the Turon. It is licensed and in full trade. The present proprietor, in consequence of a recent family bereavement, is about to retire from business. THE HOUSE which is built of stone, measures 75 feet by 36, and contains three parlours, 4 bed-rooms, bar, and tap-room and double cellar, with a spacious verandah. The rooms are all lofty, being 11 ft. from floor to ceiling, and well ventilated. THE VERANDAH measures 80 ft. by 9 ft., flagged with freestone and ceiled, and is in every respect in character with the magnificent building to which it is attached.

CELLARS capable of storing 600 tons of goods. KITCHEN A detached kitchen with servant's apartment attached. THE STABLES are in first-rate condition; one a ~tine-stalled stable, slabbed, weather­ boarded, and flagged, with loft; also two out stables, 4 stalls each, shingled and sheds attached. There is also a blackmith's shop, with full complement of tools, and is under a rental of 25 pounds per year. 62.

THE FURNITURE which is of superior description, and consists of everything requisi£e" for a first-rate establishment,'will be sold by pu~ic competition if not sold by private contract, previous to next transfer day. The premises will be ready for inspection from the 10th of August, and possession can be given next transfer day. For further particulars apply to Mr. J. NAIRN, Albion Inn, Hartley.

24 August, 1853 Transfer of Lots 3,4,5 &7, Section 14, including the 'inn or public house known as the Albion Inn', from James Nairn of Hartley, Innkeeper, to Jacob Myers of Sydney, Inndeeper, for one thousand three hundred pounds. (LTD - Book 28, No. 258)

18 January, 1854 Transfer of Lots 3,4,5 &7, Section 14 from Jacob Myers of Sydney, Innkeeper, to Denis Mahony of Hartley, Innkeeper, for one thousand six hundred pounds. c Property mortgaged for one thousand two hundred and fifty pounds. (LTD, Book 30, No. 266; Book 30, No 267; and Book 45, No. 256)

18 April, 1854 Denis Mahony granted a publican's general license for the "Albion Inn', Hartley. Note: in the previous year, Mahony had been granted a similar license for the Weatherboard Inn at Weatherboard. (AD - Reels 5063-4, Publicans Licenses, License No. 296.)

17 April, 1855 Denis Mahony granted a publican's general license for the 'Commercial Inn' , Hartley. (AD - Reels 5063-6, Publicans licenses, License No. 832.) Note: Licenses not indexed in 1855-65.

28 September, 1857 Death of Denis Mahony. The Reverend Jerome Keating of Sydney and the Reverend Pe~er Francis O'Farrell of Hartley were given as both the executors and beneficiaries under his will. (LTD, Book 54, No. 436 and 437.)

14-15 March, 1858 Release of mortgage. Transfer of Lots 3,4,5,6 &7, Section 14 from the Reverends Keating and O'Farrell to George Jarvis of Hartley, Gentleman, for a sum of two thousand one hundred pounds. (LTD, Book 54, No. 436 and 437) 63.

1858-61 According to the NPWS file on the Royal Hotel the premises were licenced as the Royal by Hugh McPherson in 1858-9 and again by William Dunn in 1860-1. No information has been recorded for the period 1862-5, but it is interesting to note that the NSW gazetteer of 1866 listed the Royal, Shamrock and Farmers as the inns at Hartley. (NSW Gazetter, 1866 ;257)

1865-1870

From 1865 all publican's Licenses were published in the Government Gazette and in that year four hotels gave their address as Hartley The Shamrock Inn, C; Bissell Farmers Inn, Thomas Martin Welcome Inn, George Sheppard Mt. Victoria Inn, M. Sherringham All four continued to operate (under different proprietors) until 1870 when the number was reduced to two - the Farmers Inn, under the proprietorship of Robert Evans and the Shamrock Inn, under the prop­ rietorship of Patrick Bhillips. In the following year only Evans' hotel was still operating. (NSW Government Gazette,1864-1874.) Of the above, the Shamrock and Farmers Inns have been identified as other buildings within the town and the Mt. Victoria has been identified as a building outside of the town boundaries.

1868

In 1868, a school inspector reported that a small denominational school was located : "at the Sydney entrance of the township ... exactly opposite the Ch~rch of England, being in fact a separate part of a larqe house now rented and occupied by the Church of England minister (Rev. R.H. Mayne.) and given up by him for the purpose." . The school included two rooms - a teacher's room (13' x 10') in which the teacher lived, and the school room (23' x 13'). Both rooms had brick fireplaces. (Fletcher, 1969 : 3) From its description and location it can be assumed that the minister's residence was the hotel built by Nairn, and that the school was· one of the cut-buildings to this property.

1868-76

The completion of the western railway as far as Mt. Victoria marked the beginning of the end for Hartley's role as the focal point for the district. The final blow was the decision to route the railway through Lithgow. The western line was opened to Bathurst in 1876 and in the following year, the Centre of the local Police District was transferred from Hartley to Lithgow. In 1887 the Court of Petty Sessions ceased to operate within the town. (Notes, NPWS File, Hartley Hi~toric Site,) ·.··-.·~.·~~~----....------...,..,.--:....,..---I

64.

31 August, 1881 George Jarvis' widow, Elizabeth' Jarvi's, married William Le0ington, in 1870 (LTO - Book 137, No. 977). At the time of her death, Elizabeth had no (surviving) children and in accordance with the will of George Jarvis, the above land was included amongst that left to his brother, John Jarvis, and sister, Elizabeth Cowen, both resident in England. On the 31 August, 1881 Lots 3-8, Section 12 and Lot 17, Section 5, in the Village of Hartley, plus 100 acres near Mount York, were sold by John Jarvis and Elizabeth Cowen to George Richard Stevens of Pitt Street, Sydney for the sum of nine hundred and thirty pounds. (LTO­ Book 230, No. 23 and Book 252, No. 148).

4 July, 1885 Mortgage of the above land to the Union Bank of Australia Ltd. (LTO - Book 316, No. 166)

3 October, 1887 Stevens was declared insolvent in 1885 and two years later Lots 3-8 Section 14 and Lot 17, Section 5 were sold by the Union Bank to John Benson of Mt. Victoria, gentleman, for the sum of three hundred pounds. (LTG - Book 372, No. 651)

October, 1985 The nearby Farmers Inn was the only hotel to be licensed within Hartley from 1871-1894. It continued to be licensed by the Evans family until 1890 and then by Robert McGarry until 1894. No hotels were listed for the town when the annual Publicans Licenses were issued in mid 1895, but in October of that year, Robert McGarry took out a new license for the Royal Hotel. There is no evidence that this was renewed in the following year. (NSW Governament Gazette, 1874-1899).

1898 From 1896 to 1921 (when Publicans Licenses ceased to be published in the Government Gazette) no further Publicans Licenses were issued for Hartley. However, from 1898 Robert McGarry held a Colonial Wine License for unspecified premises within the town. (NSW Government, Gazette, 1896-1922)

9 OctobeT, 1917

Transfer of ~ots 3-8, Section 14 from Mary Ann Dewar of Sydney, widow, to Robert Mc~arry of Hartley, Hotelkeeper and his wife Janet McGarry for the sum of two hundred and fifty pounds. (LTO - 1115, No. 178) No evidence has been found of the transfer of this land from Benson to Dewar, but a review of the vendors books in the LTO has revealed that Benson mortgaged at least one other property to Dewar in 1899. ._--~------.- .. .. " .. ._-.__ -, - - -.- . -~. ..- ..-.... - ... ~ - .-

65.

f 1 February, 1919 rr ,1"'­-::;. The above land trasferred to the sole ownership of Janet McGarry. (LTO - Book 1146, No. 318)

21 January, 1922

Mortgage of the above lands plus a further 320 acres on the River Lett to the City Mutual Life Assurance Society Ltd. for eight hundred pounds. In this document Robert McGarry was described as an Accommodation House Proprietor. 9LTO - Book 1250, No. 909)

In the following month a further mortgage for seventy pounds was taken out against the above lands, plus the tanks, ranges, stoves, engines, pumps, plant etc, the wine licence and any other licenses for the property. (LTO - Book 1254, No. 377)

1942

Following the death of Robert McGarry in 1942, the license for the hotel was taken over bY,his son-in-law, Mr. Luscombe. (NPWS, Historical Notes Royal Hotel, Hartley.)

19405

According to oral history 'The Royal' serviced the motoring tourist trade until c. 1945. (NPWS notes.)

13 October, 1947

In 1947, the City Mutual Life Assurance Society Ltd. sold lots 3-8 of Section 14 to Renny Kieth McIver of Hartley,driver, for five hundred pounds. At the end of that year McIver transferred the property to the joint ownership of his wife, Martha Jane McIver, and Janet Ellen Evans Luscombe (wife of William John Charles Luscombe of Hartley, retired Hotelkeeper.) (LTO - Book 2040, No. 201 and No. 335). It is understood from the historical notes prepared for the site by the NPWS that Martha Jane McIver and Janet Ellen Evans were Robert McGarry's daughters.

2 May, 1969

Transfer of the above land from Eileen May Reed ( a beneficiary' of the estate of McIver and Luscombe) to Blaxland Shire Council for $6,000. (Notes, NPWS file, Hartley Historic Site.)

27 October, 1972

Lots 3,4 & 5, Section 14 in the Township of Hartley proclaimed as part of the Hartley Historic Site. (Parish Map, Parish of Hartley, County of Cook, Township of Hartley.) 66.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE AND CONSERVATION REPORT ROYAL HOTEL, HARTLEY

APPENDIX C SCHEDULE OF HOTELS RECORDED AS BEING LICENSED IN OR NEAR THE TOWNSHIP OF HARTLEY ( LIST INCOMPLETE PRIOR TO 1865)

1830

Three acres granted to Pierce Collits at the crossing of the Western Road over the River Lett for the purpose of erecting an inn. (Foster, W.C., 1937 : 17).

The Royal Garter Inn licensed by P. Collett (sic). Not previously licensed. No other hotel within 22 miles. (Jervis Index, Mitchell Library.)

1836 The Royal, Thomas Morris (ML - Vale of Clwyd Bench and Magistrates Register Book, 1836) Note: According to thee NPWS notes on the original Royal Hotel Thomas Morris was the husband of Sophia Collits.

1839-40

The Royal Garter Inn, Thomas Morris. Located at the River Lett Bridge, Hartley. (A 0 - Card Index, Licensed Hotels, 1836-43)

1840 Bathurst Arms, John Baleigh. (AO - Card Index, Licensed Hotels, 1836-43)

1842 Shepherd and Flock, James Harris. Albion Inn, David Anderson. (AO - Card Index, Licensed Hotels, 1836-43.)

1843-6 Albion Inn, John Tait (AO Card Index, Licensed Hotels, 1836-43; Reels 5058-9, Publicans Licenses .) Note: In 1843, the Albion was the only licensed hotel within the township of Hartley..tt was one of nine in the Hartley Licensing District. (AO - Reel 5058, Publicans licenses.) 67. 1846-9

Hartley Hotel, James Nairn (AO - Reels 5059-62, Publicans Licenses) Note: In 1846 the Hartely was the only licensed hotel within the town. It had one of only four annual licenses issued in the Hartley Licensing District and one of 307 in NSW. (AO - Reel 5059, Publicans License.)

1849-53 No index of publicans liceses. In the early part of 1853, the death notice published in the SMH for Margaret Nairn, referred to her husband as James Nairn of the Hartley Inn, Hartley.

1853-4 Albion Hotel, James Nairn Coach and Horses, Joseph George Wood. (AO - Reel 5063, Publicans Licenses.) Note: A total of 10 publicans licenses issued for the Hartley Licensing District and 1201 in NSW.

1854-5 Albion Hotel, Denis Mahony. Coach and Horses, Joseph George Wood. (AO - Reel 5063, Publicans Licenses) - Note: A total of 12 publicans licenses issued for the Hartley Licensing District.

1855-6 Commercial Hotel, Denis Mahony (AO - Reel 5063, Publicans Licenses.)

1858-9 The Royal, Hugh McPherson (NPWS, Historical Notes, Royal Hotel, Hartley.)

1860-1 The Royal Hotel, William Thomas Dunn. (NPWS - Historical Notes, Royal Hotel, Hartley)

1865-6 The Shamrock Inn, C. Bissell Farmers Inn, Thomas Martin ,1.~· •'t. 68.

Welcome Inn, George Sheppard Mt. Victoria Inn, M. Sherringham (NSW Government Gazett~,1865)

1866-9 The Shamrock Inn, Patrick Phillips Farmers Inn, Robert Evans Welcome Inn, Edward Creasy Mt. Victoria Inn, John Lewis Meads. (NSW Government Gazette, 1866) Note: The NSW Gazetteer of 1866 listed the Royal, Shamrock and Farmers as the inns at Hartley. The former was described as the booking office for the mail and passenger services to Sydney, Bathurst and Mudgee. (NSW Gazetteer, 1866 : 257)

1870-1 Farmers Inn, Robert Evans Shamrock Inn, Patrick Phillips (NSW Government Gazette, 1870)

1871-1891 Farmers Inn, Robert Evans and later Ellen Evans. (NSW Government Gazette, 1871-90)

1891-5 Farmers Inn, Robert McGarry (NSW Government Gazette, 1891-4)

1895-6 Royal Hotel, Robert McGarry (NSW Government Gazette, 1895)

1896-7

No Publicans or Colonial Wine Licenses issued for the township of Hartl~y~ (NSW Government Gazette, 1896-7)

July 1898- post 1922 ,Wine license issued for premises at Hartley, Robert McGarry. (NSW Government Gazette, 1989-1922) "r 69 .

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Appendix D. Detail Measured Drawings Royal Hotel, Hartley. August, 1987. 70.

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Appendi x E Wallpaper sample from G.12 19th Century

JI • ;' Appendix E Wallpaper sample fromG.12. C.1930 81. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE AND CONSERVATION REPORT ROYAL HOTEL, HARTLEY

APPENDIX F BIBLIOGRAPHY Archives Office, AO Reels 5059-66, Publican's Licenses Archives Office, Card File, Publican's Licenses Australia ICOMOS, Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance (The Burra charter) and Guidelines. Bathurst Advocate, 5 February, 1848, p.1 13 January, 1949, p.1 Croft &Associates, Blue Mountains Heritage Study, Department of Environment and the Blue Mountains City Council. 1985 Department of Lands, Parish Map, Parish of Hartley, County of Cook, Township of ~artley. Department of Lands, Plan of Remarking of Part of the Main Western Road within the Town of Hartley, 16 Novem~er, 1906

< • Dunkley, J.R., Jenolan Caves, As They Were in the Nineteenth Century, . Speleological Research Council, 1986 Fletcher,J.,The History of Hartley Public School. 1869-1911. Geo H Gearside, 1969 Foster, W. ,;i:~~.Hartley .. The Gateway to the West', Journal ot,;',;::the Royal, ~~ Australian Historical Society,. No. 18, Ig~2, pp.235-45 .. &.- 1 ,~.~~.:. ~~ JJ.~;"F;';:j~ Foster, W.C'.~,{Havard, W.L. & Dowd, B.T., The Story of HarUe:j and its I,,: Courthouse, New South Wales., facimilie"1~;ational ~~ ,~. Parks and Wildlife Service (First Published~- 1937) Jervis Ind~, Mitchell Li:brary - File card for 'Hartley' (~oyal Garter Hote 1, 1830) .I

x, ..••., .• .1 Conservation Plan - A Guide to the Preparati on of., Conservation Plans for Places of Euro ean Cultural Significance, The National Trust of Australia. NSW) 1985. Land Titles Office, Register of Land Grants.

Lan d ,T i t 1es Office, Book 12, Number 449 Book 15, Number 104 Book 16, Number 482 Book 16, Number 512 Book 28, Number 255 Book 28, Number 258 Book 30, Number 266 &267 Book 45, Number 256 Book 54, Number 436 &437

I ...... ' ...

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,,~ - 82.

~

r .<- Book 137, Number 977 ,:r .,; Book 230, Number 23 Book 252, Number 148 Book 316, Number 166 Book 372, Number 651 Book 1115, Number 178 Book 1146, Number 318 Book 1250, Number 909 Book 1254, Number 377 Book 2040, Number 201 &335

National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hartley Historic Site - Plan of Management, preliminary draft no. 2, 1982. National Parks and Wildlife Service, The Former Royal Hotel, Hartley Historic Site, New South Wales - Requirements for its Proper Conservation and Future Use, NPWS, CRS, unpublished report, 1984. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Cultural Resources Unit, Place Records - Hartley Historic Site and the Former Royal Hotel, Hartley.

National P~rks and Wildlife Service, Hartley Historic Site, Historical Notes - Royal Hotel, Hartley. . Natioanl Parks and Wildlife Service, Royal Hotel, Hartley: Measured Orawings, 1970 - 80.

National Parks and Wildlife Serv i ce , Roya'l' Hotel, Hartley Existing .,;: and Conjectu~al Floor Plans. 1979. New South Wales Government Gazette, 1865-1922. Parideans, I., Journey into. Historic Hartley, Arthur Parideans, 1971. Sydney Morning Herald, 21 July, 1853, p.6 27 April, 1853, p.3 Roach, S. &Parideans, I., Lithgow and Hartley Valley Sketchbook, Rigby, 1978. Whitworth, R.P.,Baillierels New South Wales Gazetter and Road Guide,· F.F. Bailliere. 1866.