SDGs for Children in Indonesia Provincial snapshot: Riau Islands

Introduction 680,000 children of entire This provincial snapshot highlights priority child-related 35% Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) indicators, based population on national household surveys and other data sources. It complements the national SDG Baseline Report on Children in Indonesia produced by BAPPENAS and UNICEF, to support Riau monitoring and evidence-informed policy making. Islands The Riau Islands (Kepulauan Riau) are a youthful province. Its 680,000 children represent 35 per cent of the total population. More than eight in 10 children live in urban areas. Increased strategic investments in children are required to fast-track achievement of the SDGs for the province.

GOAL 1 NO POVERTY

Some 53,000 children (7.7 per cent) were living below the official Multidimensional child poverty in Riau Islands poverty line in 2015 (Rp 14,750 per person per day). However, many more families are insecure and live on incomes that are only marginally higher. In addition, 41 per cent of children experienced 80% Urban deprivations in two or more non-income dimensions of poverty, with persistent disparities between urban and rural areas.1 60% Rural

40% Per cent Number National average Population below national poverty line 6.2 123,000 20%

Children < 18 below national poverty line 7.7 53,000 41 Riau Islands 0% Children < 18 below twice the poverty line 46.7 317,000

GOAL 2 ZERO HUNGER

Adopting optimal feeding practices is fundamental to a child’s The prevalence of malnutrition is relatively high, including among survival, growth and development. Yet, only one in three infants in those in urban areas. Some 8 per cent of newborns have a low the Riau Islands is exclusively breastfed for the first six months of birthweight, and more than one in four children under five were life, which is far below the national average. stunted (low height for their age) in 2013.

Geographic disparities in child feeding and nutrition outcomes

50% Urban

40% Rural 30%

20% National average 10% 8 34 26 9 Riau Islands 0% Low birthweight Exclusive breastfeeding Childhood stunting Childhood overweight GOAL 3 GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

Despite progress, child mortality remains a challenge. For every reproductive health services, including scaling up access to 1,000 live births, 21 newborn babies died in their first month of modern family planning methods. life and 42 before their fifth birthday. Eighty-five per cent of infants received the recommended three Most women have access to delivery care and 95 per cent doses of DTP vaccine and 92 per cent were vaccinated against of births occurred with assistance from a skilled attendant. measles in 2015. Continued efforts are needed to reach and However, there is scope to further improve the coverage of sustain high immunisation coverage both in urban and rural areas.

Geographic disparities in maternal and child health

Need for family planning 50 satisfied with modern methods (% of women) 40 Institutional deliveries 1 30 Maternal and

reproductive health Skilled attendant at birth 20

Immunisation coverage – DPT3 10

21 2 Immunisation 0 coverage – measles 2 Child health Adolescent birth Neonatal Under-five rate (per 1,000 mortality rate mortality rate (per women) (per 1,000 live 1,000 live births) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% births)

Urban Rural National average Riau Islands

GOAL 4 QUALITY EDUCATION

Children’s school readiness can be improved through early Wealth disparities in school completion rates childhood development programmes. The participation rate in organised learning among 6-year-olds was 95 per cent in 2015, 100% Richest with most pre-school children enrolling early in primary school. quintile 80% The Riau Islands have achieved near-universal access to primary Poorest education. However, children from the poorest households are 60% quintile less likely to complete secondary school compared with their 40% affluent peers. National average Quality of education remains a key concern. The province 20% performs well above the national average, but a quarter of 1 0% Riau Islands primary school children did not achieve the minimum national Primary unior Senior benchmark in reading and two thirds did not reach those for Secondary Secondary mathematics. Percentage of children attending school, by age

100% Tertiary

80% Senior secondary

60% Junior secondary

40% Primary

Pre-school 20%

0% 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ge (at beginning of school year) GOAL 5 GENDER EQUALITY

The Riau Islands have the lowest child marriage rate in the Wealth disparities in child marriage country. Some 4 per cent of women aged 20–24 years were married or in union before the age of 18 in 2015. Levels of child marriage are higher among girls from the poorest households. 12% Richest quintile No representative data are available on violence against girls and women at provincial level. Evidence from a national survey Poorest quintile indicates, however, that such violence is widespread: 28 per cent 8% of ever-partnered women and girls experienced physical, sexual National and/or psychological violence by a current or former intimate average partner. Riau Islands 4%

are % of women married 0% 4 before Child marriage

GOAL 6 CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION

Achieving universal access to drinking water, sanitation and much higher, both in households and schools.2 hygiene is crucial to further progress in health, education and Disparities based on wealth and place of residence are poverty eradication. Seven out of ten people used a basic pronounced, pointing to the importance of integrating equity sanitation facility at home in 2015, while only 2 per cent practised considerations into policy and practice. Progress is being made open defecation. Nearly two thirds of schools have sex-separated through the implementation of the community-based total toilet facilities. Access to improved drinking water sources is sanitation programme. Wealth disparities in access to water and sanitation basic 100% Richest 9% with water 86% quintile services 80% schools Poorest 60% quintile School environment Schools with basic water services (%) 86 40% National average Schools with sex-disaggregated sanitation facilities (%) 63 20% Community 2 Riau Islands 0% Villages and wards implementing community-based total mproved asic pen 35 drining water sanitation defecation sanitation (%)

GOAL 16 PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS

Progress is ongoing in improving levels of birth registration. In Wealth disparities in birth registration 2015, nearly nine in 10 children under 5 years of age had a birth certificate. There are differences between urban and rural areas and based on households’ wealth status, due to financial and 100% Richest quintile supply-side barriers. 80% Deprivation of liberty remains a common form of punishment Poorest quintile for juvenile offenders, in violation of the principle that this should 60% be a measure of last resort. In the Riau Islands, 9 per cent of 40% National all children in detention were unsentenced, which is below the average national average. 20% Riau Islands Little or no data is available on other child protection issues, such 0% as violence against children and trafficking. irth registration PROVINCIAL SCORECARD

The scorecard summarises the Riau Islands’ performance for a On the right side of the scorecard the Riau Islands’ rank for each selection of SDG indicators compared to other provinces in the indicator is shown, ranging from 1 for the highest performer to country. For each indicator, the graph shows the Riau Islands’ 34 for the lowest. Provinces are divided into four quartiles (blue average value as well as the provinces with the highest and the for the highest ranking and red/orange for the lowest ranking lowest data value. provinces).

or Highest ranking province Lowest ranking province Riau Islands Arrows point towards direction of positive progress Ranking (out of 34 provinces)

Children below poverty line (%) SDG 1

Multidimensional child deprivation (%) 1

Exclusive breastfeeding (%) 2

SDG 2 Childhood stunting (%) 1

Need for family planning met (% of women) 2

Skilled attendant at birth (%) SDG 3 Neonatal mortality (per 1,000 live births) 1

Full immunisation coverage (%) 2

Minimum proficiency in math (%) SDG 4

Minimum proficiency in reading (%) 1

Child marriage (%) SDG 5 1

Improved drinking water (%) SDG 6

Basic sanitation (%)

SDG 16 Birth registration (%)

0 20 40 60 80 100

Colour leen Best quartile (1–8) Second quartile (9–17) Third quartile (18–25) Bottom quartile (26–34)

Notes Sources: National household surveys (SUSENAS, RISKESDAS, IDHS) and administrative data (Ministry of Education and Culture, Ministry of Health). Detailed information on data sources and indicator definitions is available online at: https://sdg4children.or.id 1 Multidimensional child poverty is defined as children who experience deprivations in at least two of the following dimensions: food and nutrition; health; education; housing; water and sanitation; and protection. 2 Indonesia does not yet have nationally representative data on water quality that can be used to calculate the SDG indicator on the use of safely managed drinking water services. Instead, a nationally-defined proxy measure is used to set a baseline for SDG 6. For more information please email jakarta@unicef.org