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Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962: Industrial Fasteners, Machine Tools and Beyond David D
Maryland Journal of International Law Volume 10 | Issue 1 Article 4 Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962: Industrial Fasteners, Machine Tools and Beyond David D. Knoll Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/mjil Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation David D. Knoll, Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962: Industrial Fasteners, Machine Tools and Beyond, 10 Md. J. Int'l L. 55 (1986). Available at: http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/mjil/vol10/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maryland Journal of International Law by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SECTION 232 OF THE TRADE EXPANSION ACT OF 1962: INDUSTRIAL FASTENERS, MACHINE TOOLS AND BEYOND By DAVID D. KNOLL B.Com., LL.B University of New South Wales; LL.M University of Michigan; Attorney, Solicitor and Proctor of the Supreme Court of New South Wales; Associate with Jones, Day, Reavis and Pogue, Cleveland, Ohio. I. THE NEED FOR IMPORT CONTROLS AND NATIONAL SE- CURITY IN UNITED STATES LAW ....................... 55 II. THE NEED FOR IMPORT CONTROL PURSUANT TO SECTION 232 OF THE TRADE EXPANSION ACT ................... 56 A . Legislative H istory ............................ 56 B. Deterrence, Security and Free Trade in the 1980s . 59 III. G.A.T.T. IMPLICATIONS OF SECTION 232 .............. 60 IV. DEFINITIONAL ISSUES FOR A SECTION 232 INVESTIGATION 61 V. THE PROCESS OF A SECTION 232 INVESTIGATION ....... 64 VI. -
Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) and Its Role in U.S
Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) and Its Role in U.S. Trade Policy J. F. Hornbeck Specialist in International Trade and Finance August 5, 2013 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41922 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) and Its Role in U.S. Trade Policy Summary Congress created Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) in the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to help workers and firms adjust to dislocation that may be caused by increased trade liberalization. It is justified now, as it was then, on grounds that the government has an obligation to help the “losers” of policy-driven trade opening. TAA is also presented as an alternative to policies that would restrict imports, and so provides assistance while bolstering freer trade and diminishing prospects for potentially costly tension (retaliation) among trade partners. As in the past, critics strongly debate the merits of TAA on equity, efficiency, and budgetary grounds. Nonetheless, finding agreement on TAA remains important for forging a compromise on national trade policy. TAA program authorizations are scheduled to expire on December 31, 2013. The Trade Adjustment Assistance Extension Act of 2013 (S. 1357) was introduced in the 113th Congress. It would extend TAA programs through 2020. President Obama also supports TAA reauthorization, linking it to renewal of Trade Promotion Authority (TPA), which Congress may also take up this year. This report discusses the role of TAA in U.S. trade policy from its inception as a legislative option in the early 1950s to its core role as a cornerstone of modern trade policy that many argue has served to promote the long-term U.S. -
February . 1.1, E X T E N S I 0 N S 0 F R E· M a R
2374 CONGRESSIONAL ~ RECORD-· SENATE February . 1.1, we are hypnotized by' this", -and by overly ,.. It is up- to ..us- who now occupy .om.ce ·· Lt. Gen. Alfred Dodd Starbird, 018961, meticulous: attention-to the question of in the legislative.. and executive branches Army of the United States (brigadier gen of all who 'Of e:tal, U.S. Army). whether or- not the military menace to the Government, ·and have Maj. Gen. William Jonas Ely, 018974, Army us Is inereased or decreased fractionally ficial responsibilities, earnestly to search o! the United States (brigadier general, U.S. by the l)reseoce or absence of certain for an answer to·the problem, and ear .Army). tYPes -or quantities of military forces, nestly and ' honestly apply ourselves in Maj. Gen. Harold Keith Johnson, 019187, it tna.y very well be that we will fail to o.ur respective ways and in keeping with Army of the United States (brigadier gen face up to the basic problem-the fact our obligations to apply policies that eral, U.S. Army) • that international communism has been will meet the problem and bring about a Maj. Gen. Ben Harrell, 019276, Army of is the United States (brigadier general, U.S. established and being maintained in remedy. I know that we can do it. I Arm.y). the Western Hemisphere. believe that we shall do it. I also. believe Maj. Gen. Alden Kingsland Sibley, 018964, The American people, I believe, look that there is no time to ·be lost. Army of the United States (brigadier gen- for a very simple and' fundamental thing Mr. -
HOW FRANK LLOYD Wrighr CAME to MARIN COONIY, CALIFORNIA, .AND GLORIFIED SAN RAFAEL
__.. __.0- __._. __.... __,_... ~ .. ~ _ ... __._ ~ __.. ,. __ "I I 73-5267 RADFORD, Evelyn Emerald Morris, 1921- THE GENIUS .AND THE COONIY BUILDING: HOW FRANK LLOYD WRIGHr CAME TO MARIN COONIY, CALIFORNIA, .AND GLORIFIED SAN RAFAEL. University of Hawaii, Ph.D., 1972 Political Science, general University Microfilms. A XEROX Company. Ann Arbor. Michigan @ 1972 EVELYN EMERALD MORRIS RADFORD ALL RIGHrS RESERVED ----------- ; THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED • ' .~: - THE GENIUS AND THE COUNTY BUILDING: HOW FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT CAME TO MARIN COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, AND GLORIFIED SAN RAFAEL A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIl IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN AMERICAN STUDIES AUGUST 1972 By Evelyn Morris Radford Dissertation Committee: Reuel Denney, Chairman James McCutcheon J. Meredith Neil Murray Turnbull Aaron Levine Seymour Lutzky PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company iii PREFACE Marin County has been written about as a place where charming Indian legends abound, where misty beauty evokes a breathless appreciation of natural wonders, where tales of the sea are told around cozy hearths, and where nostalgia for the old California of Mexican hidalgos and an exotic array of inter national characters finds responsive audience. Even today the primary interests of Marin chroniclers center on old settlers, their lives and their fortunes, and the exotic polyglot of ethnic groups that came to populate the shores of the waters that wash Marin. This effort to analyze by example some of the social processes of Marin is in large part an introductory effort. -
Trade War, PPE, and Race
Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy Volume 16 Issue 2 Spring Article 2 Spring 4-17-2021 Trade War, PPE, and Race Ernesto A. Hernandez-Lopez Chapman Univ. School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njlsp Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Health Law and Policy Commons, Law and Politics Commons, Law and Race Commons, Law and Society Commons, and the Other Public Health Commons Recommended Citation Ernesto A. Hernandez-Lopez, Trade War, PPE, and Race, 16 NW. J. L. & SOC. POL'Y. 43 (2021). https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njlsp/vol16/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern Pritzker School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy by an authorized editor of Northwestern Pritzker School of Law Scholarly Commons. Copyright 2021 by Ernesto Hernández-López Volume 16 (Spring 2021) Northwestern Journal of Law and Social Policy Trade War, PPE, and Race Ernesto Hernández-López* ABSTRACT Tariffs on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), such as face masks and gloves, weaken the American response to COVID. The United States has exacerbated PPE shortages with Section 301 tariffs on these goods, part of a trade war with China. This has a disparate impact felt by minority communities because of a series of health inequity harms. COVID’s racial disparity appears in virus exposure, virus susceptibility, and COVID treatments. This Article makes legal, policy, and race-and-health arguments. Congress has delegated to the United States Trade Representative expansive authority to increase tariffs. -
UAW Special Projects Department Records
UAW Special Projects Department Collection Records, 1945-1973 107 linear feet Accession #646 DALNET # OCLC # In 1957 the UAW created the position of Director of Special Projects and Economic Analysis for Nat Weinberg, who had headed the UAW Research Department since 1947, and he held that position until his retirement in 1974. The UAW Special Projects Department was established as part of the President’s Office and was responsible for advising the president and developing, often within a global framework, program and policy proposals and actions in the economic and collective bargaining fields and in other areas designated by the president. As Special Projects director, Weinberg helped to create innovative programs like the Supplemental Unemployment Benefits (SUB) plan and cost-of-living adjustments. Additional papers related to the files of the UAW Special Projects Department may be found in the Nat Weinberg Collection. The UAW Special Projects and Economic Analysis Department Collection consists of research material, notes, correspondence, minutes, testimony, speeches, press releases, clippings and other published material related to the department’s research, advisory, and speech writing roles as well as to Nat Weinberg’s service as consultant, trustee, or member of numerous organizations and agencies. Important correspondents in the collection: Gardner Ackley Olga Madar Ken Bannon Norman Matthews Jack Barbash Emil Mazey Irving Bluestone Tom Mboya Arthur Burns George Meany George Burt Seymour Melman Bill Casstevens George Merrelli Harry Chester William Milliken Carrol Coburn Donald Montgomery Barry Commoner Ken Morris Jack Conway Ralph Nader Nelson Jack Edwards Joe Rauh Dwight D. Eisenhower Victor G. Reuther Henry Ford II Walter P. -
Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974: Origin, Evolution, and Use
Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974: Origin, Evolution, and Use Updated December 14, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46604 SUMMARY R46604 Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974: Origin, December 14, 2020 Evolution, and Use Andres B. Schwarzenberg Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 grants the Office of the United States Trade Representative Analyst in International (USTR) a range of responsibilities and authorities to investigate and take action to enforce U.S. Trade and Finance rights under trade agreements and respond to certain foreign trade practices. From the conclusion of the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations in 1994, which resulted in the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, until the start of the Trump Administration, the United States used Section 301 authorities primarily to build cases and pursue dispute settlement at the WTO. The Trump Administration has shown more willingness to go outside of the WTO to act unilaterally under these authorities to promote what the Administration touts as “free,” “fair,” and “reciprocal” trade. The Trump Administration’s use of Section 301 to impose tariffs as punitive measures has been the subject of congressional and broader international debate, and some in Congress have raised a number of questions regarding USTR’s actions, including the scope of USTR’s authorities, the types of trade actions allowed, and the tariff exclusion process. The Trump Administration has attributed its use of Section 301 to impose tariffs as punitive measures to its determination to close a large and persistent gap between U.S. -
The Effect of Imports of Aluminum on the National Security
THE EFFECT OF IMPORTS OF ALUMINUM ON THE NATIONAL SECURITY AN INVESTIGATION CONDUCTED UNDER SECTION 232 OF THE TRADE EXPANSION ACT OF 1962, AS AMENDED U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Industry and Security Office of Technology Evaluation January 17, 2018 THE EFFECT OF IMPORTS OF ALUMINUM ON THE NATIONAL SECURITY AN INVESTIGATION CONDUCTED UNDER SECTION 232 OF THE TRADE EXPANSION ACT OF 1962, AS AMENDED January 17, 2018 PREPARED BY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THIS REPORT, CONTACT: Erika Maynard, Special Projects Manager, (202) 482-5572 Karen Swasey, Senior Industry Analyst, (630) 705-7014 Mark Crawford, Senior Trade and Industry Analyst, (202) 482-8239 David Boylan-Kolchin, Trade and Industry Analyst, (202) 482-7816 Lena Richenberg, Research Fellow, (202) 482-4757 Kimberly Kruse, Project Manager IV, (202) 482-4757 Brad Botwin, (202) 482-4060 Director, Industrial Studies [email protected] Fax: (202) 482-5361 For more information about the Office of Technology Evaluation and the Section 232 Investigations, please visit: http://www.bis.doc.gov/232 Table of Contents I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 1 A. Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 1 B. Findings ................................................................................................................................................ -
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18699-6 — the Afterlife of John Fitzgerald Kennedy Michael J
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18699-6 — The Afterlife of John Fitzgerald Kennedy Michael J. Hogan Index More Information Index Abbott, James A., 27 visitors to, 126 , 143 , 189 Adams, John, 124 Warnecke’s study of, 147 Adler, Bill, 124 Arthur, King, 103 AFL- CIO, 160 Attwood, William, 186 Africa, reactions to Kennedy’s Auden, W. H., 122 assassination in, 59 Australia, honoring/ remembering Kennedy Agnelli, Giovanni, 40 , 43 in, 130 Akihito, Crown Prince, 59 Albee, Edward, 55 , 56 Baldrige, Letitia, 45 Alford, Mimi, 216 Barcelona, reactions to Kennedy’s Alliance for Progress, 8 , 37 , 62 , 120 , 130 , assassination in, 60 180 , 183 , 184 , 193 , 213 Barnes, Clare, 124 Alsop, Joseph, 94 , 96 , 117 Barrett, Rona, 54 Ambrose, Stephen, 201 , 207 Barrett, William, 119 American Empire style, 25 Bazelon, David, 116 Amsterdam, reactions to Kennedy’s Beer, Samuel H., 159 , 172 assassination in, 60 Belfast, reactions to Kennedy’s Anderson, Jack, 110 assassination in, 60 Antoinette, Marie, 108 Bentsen, Lloyd, 194 Argentina Bergman, Jules, 54 honoring/ remembering Kennedy in, 130 Berlin Wall, 9 , 12 reactions to Kennedy’s assassination Bernstein, Irving, 188 in, 59 Bernstein, Leonard, 140 Arlington National Cemetery, 5 , 16 , 75 , Biden, Joseph, 194 91 , 130 , 138 , 218 , 225 Billings, Lemoyne, 168 amount of burial space, 144 Bishop, Jim, 105 , 110 , 112 , 174 , 203 , 206 design for, 87 , 128 , 153 , 154 , 157 , 161 Black Watch, 78 , 87 , 97 eternal l ame at. See eternal l ame, at Black, Eugene, 160 gravesite Blair House, 30 Jacquelines’s decision on, 80 , 87 , 141 – 52 Bloncourt, Pauline, 124 as monument, 156 Bode, F. -
Trump Vs. China? Tariffs Under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 Revisited
207 Trump vs. China? Tariffs under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 Revisited Eric Hanada https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-9635 Abstract This study challenges the common belief that the ‘Trump tariffs’ are protectionist or a deliberate attack on China, the USA’s economic rival. By focusing specifically on Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 and equating its use to Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, this study instead demonstrates how the U.S. administration is actively repurposing protectionist laws to func- tion as unilateral enforcement tools. Thus, this study argues that the tariffs enacted on steel and aluminium in 2018 under the guise of national security are not meant to protect the domestic market or to hurt the Chinese, but rather to ‘protect’ the ability of U.S. businesses to make profits abroad. By contrasting the justification for the tariffs to factual application, China is not identified as a target but rather as a convenient fig leaf. The article goes into further detail to demonstrate how the U.S. (ab)uses these tariffs during negotiations with South Korea, Japan, and other nations and finds multiple examples of how others have been affected significantly more than China. Here, the article describes how U.S. officials have mastered the art of simultaneously creating leverage, exchanging it for concessions, and keeping it. Keywords: Trade war, United States, China, tariffs, Section 232 Hanada, Eric. 2020. “Trump vs. China? Tariffs under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 Revisited.” Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies, 12, pp. -
List of Contributors, Indexes
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Trade and Structural Change in Pacific Asia Volume Author/Editor: Colin I. Bradford, Jr. and William H. Branson, editors Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-07025-5 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/brad87-1 Publication Date: 1987 Chapter Title: List of Contributors, Indexes Chapter Author: Colin I. Bradford, Jr, William H. Branson Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c7045 Chapter pages in book: (p. 547 - 560) Contributors Juanjai Ajanant Edward K. Y. Chen Faculty of Economics Centre of Asian Studies Chulalongkorn University University of Hong Kong Bangkok 10500 Pokfulam Road Thailand Hong Kong Florian A. Alburo Wontack Hong School of Economics Department of International University of the Philippines Economics Diliman, Quezon City College of Social Sciences Philippines Seoul University Seoul 151 Robert E. Baldwin Korea Department of Economics University of Wisconsin Lawrence R. Klein Department of Economics Madison, Wisconsin 53706 University of Pennsylvania 3718 Locust Walk CR Ralph E. Beals Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 Department of Economics Amherst College Laurence J. Kotlikoff Amherst, Massachusetts 01002 Department of Economics Boston University Colin I. Bradford, Jr. Boston, Massachusetts 021 15 Yale Center for International and Area Studies Lawrence B. Krause Yale University The Brookings Institution 85 Trumbull Street 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, NW New Haven, Connecticut 06520 Washington, D.C. 20036 William H. Branson Edward E. Learner Woodrow Wilson School Department of Economics Princeton University University of California Princeton, New Jersey 08544 Los Angeles, California 90024 547 548 Contributors Chee Peng Lim Jean L. -
Henry Hall Wilson Oral History Interview –JFK #2, 4/20/1979 Administrative Information
Henry Hall Wilson Oral History Interview –JFK #2, 4/20/1979 Administrative Information Creator: Henry Hall Wilson Interviewer: Sheldon M. Stern Date of Interview: April 20, 1979 Place of Interview: Monroe, North Carolina Length: 51 pp. Biographical Note Wilson, Henry Hall; Administrative Assistant to the President (1961-1967); Member, Democratic National Committee (1953-1961). Wilson discusses his role as a member of John F. Kennedy’s [JFK] staff, including descriptions of other staff members and his interactions with them. He also covers JFK’s relationship with Congress, various legislative bills, and his thoughts on Lyndon B. Johnson, among other issues. Access Restrictions No restrictions. Usage Restrictions Copyright of these materials have passed to the United States Government upon the death of the interviewee. Users of these materials are advised to determine the copyright status of any document from which they wish to publish. Copyright The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be “used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research.” If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excesses of “fair use,” that user may be liable for copyright infringement. This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright law.