DOCSLIB.ORG

Sector Theory

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sector Theory Lecture-03 M.A.(Semester-II) PAPER-8 Urban Sociology SECTOR THEORY Dr. Shankar Kumar Lal University Department of Sociology Lalit Narayan Mithila University Kameshwarnagar,Darbhanga E-mail: [email protected] Mobile: +91-8252199182 SECTOR TH EORY The sector model, also known as the Hoyt model, is a model of urban land use proposed in 1939 by land economist Homer Hoyt. It is a modification of the concentric zone model of city development. HOMERHOYT(1895–1984) Sector Model . SectorModel . States that a city develops in sectors,not rings. Certain areas are more attractive for different activities because of an environmental factor or by mere chance. Hoyt modified the concentric zone model to account for major transportation routes Most major cities evolved around the nexus of several important transport facilities such as railroads, sea ports, and trolly lines that eminated from the city's center. Hoyt theorized that cities would tend to grow in wedge-shaped patterns, or sectors, eminating from the CBD and centered on major transportation routes He posited a CBDaround which other land uses cluster It is a monocentric representation of urban areas But important factor is not distance from CBDas in the concentric zone model, but direction away from CBD As growth occurs, similaractivities stay in the same area and extend outwards The Hoyt model realized that transportation (in particular) and access to resources caused a disruption of the Burgess model. DIFFERENTSECTORS Industry Industry follows rivers,canals, railroads, or roads Lower class workers work here. Paid little, bad working conditions. Produces goods or other domestic products for city Low Class Residential Low income housing Near railroads that feed factories or Inhabitants tend to work in factories Live near industry to reduce transportation costs Pollution or poor environmental conditions due to industry (traffic, noise and pollution make it cheap) Middle Class Residential More desirable area because it is further from industry and pollution Access to transportation lines for working people who work in the CBD, making transport easier largest residential area High Class Residential . Housing on outermost edge Furthest away from industry Quiet, clean, less traffic Corridor or spine extending from CBD to edge has best housing. +VE & -VE Where it does and doesn’t apply (some weaknesses) Applies well toChicago Low cost housing is near industry and transportation proving Hoyt’s model Theory based on 20th century and does not take into account cars which make commerce easier With cars, people can live anywhere and further from the city and still travel to the CBD using their car. Not only do high-class residents have cars, but also middle and lower class people may havecars. CASE STUDY (SHIVAJINAGAR, INDIA) Shivajinagar is an area in the heart Pune city. This is the most important area of the city as the district court (Pune), Pune Municipal Corporation, College of Engineering (Pune), Agricultural College (Pune), Shivaji preparatory military school etc. are located in this area. The bus stand at Shivajinagar connects the city to destinations in the state of Maharashtra. CaseStudy Shivajinagar Railway Station is an important station for the suburban railway traffic of Pune This area also has roads like the Ambedkar road (University road) which links Pune Railway Station area to Pune University and Aundh via Shivajinagar and Mumbai -Pune old road which links Dehu Road to Pune Railway Station area via Shivajinagar, Khadki,Pimpri,Chinchwad, and Nigdi. SHIVAJINAGAR SECTORMODEL Benefits .Greater housing varietyand density reduced distancesbetween housing, workplaces, retailbusinesses, and other destinations .More compact development stronger neighborhood character .Pedestrian and bicycle-friendly environments THANKS.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Heatwave Guide for Cities
    HEATWAVE GUIDE FOR CITIES HEATWAVE GUIDE FOR CITIES 2 HEATWAVE GUIDE FOR CITIES Heatwaves are deadly and their impacts are on the rise globally due to climate change. But this is not inevitable; it is up to us to prevent this public-health crisis from impacting our neighbours, family members and friends. Every year, heatwaves claim the lives of infants, older people, and people with chronic health conditions. The urban poor frequently bear the brunt of this silent emergency. In addition to threatening the lives and health of vulnerable popula- tions, heatwaves have cascading impacts in other areas of society, such as reduced economic output, strained health systems and rolling power outages. The Lancet estimates that in 2017, 153 billion hours of work were lost due to extreme heat. What is unacceptable about this silent emergency is that simple, low-cost actions such as ordinary citizens checking on vulnerable neighbours can save lives during episodes of extreme heat. As many as 5 billion people live in areas of the world where heatwaves can be forecast before they happen, which means we have time to take early action to save lives. To address the existing need and reduce future risks posed by climate change, we need collective global action to scale up early warning systems for heat. People living in urban areas are amongst the hardest hit when a heatwave occurs because these are hotter than the surrounding countryside. Along with climate change, urbanization is one of the most transformative trends of this century and the last. Over half the world now lives in urban areas and this is projected to increase to two-thirds by 2050.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper-20 Urban Sociology
    MA SOCIOLOGY P-20 URBAN SOCIOLOGY Author Dr. P.K.Kar 1 Unit-I: Evolution of Cities in History based on Major Functions:Growth of Urbanization in India, City type and functions in India, The Rural-Urban dichotomy and continum in India and Theories of Unrbanization Unit-II:Social Institutions in the Urban Milieu:Family and Marriage Caste, Religion, Economy, Polity Unit-III: The new Social Structures in Urban India:Informal Sector: Various Occupations , Formal Sector: Various Professions and Secondary Institutions: Educational, Leisure and Recreation, Voluntary Organizations. Unit-IV: Problems of Urban India: Housing, Transport, Communication, Pollution, Sanitation, And Crime. UNIT-I Evolution of Cities in History based on Major Functions: CONTENTS 1.0. OBJECTIVES 1.1. EVOLUTION OF CITIES IN HISTORY BASED ON FUCTIONS 1.1.1 Ancient Cities 1.1.2 Medieval cities 1.1.3 Modern Cities 1.1.4 Pre-lndustrial Cities 1.1.5 Industrial Cities 1.2. GROWTH OF URBANIZATION IN INDIA 1.3. REGIONAL URBANISATION PROCESS: 1.4. FORMATION OF URBAN AGGLOMERATION 2 1.5. TRENDS AND PATTERNS OF URBANIZATION IN INDIA 1.5.1 Demographic approach 1.5.2 Geographic approach 1.6. URBAN ECONOMIC GROWTH 1.6.1. Size of total NDP by sectors and per capita NDP 1.7. COMPOUND ANNUAL GROWTH 1.8. CITY TYPE AND FUCTIONS IN INDIA 1.9. RURAL URBAN DICHOTOMY AND CONTINUUM 1.10. DISTINCTION BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN COMMUNITIES 1.11. THEORIES OF URBAN GROWTH 1.11.1. Concentric zone model 1.11.2. Sectors model 1.11.3. Multiple nuclei model 1.11.4.
    [Show full text]
  • Municipal Performance Index 2019: Assessment Framework
    Municipal Performance Index 2019 Assessment Framework CONTENT Foreword, Message, Preface 05 Introduction 10 Framework of the Index 15 Methodology 21 Indicator Description 29 Appendix 79 Durga Shanker Mishra Secretary, MoHUA Cities are drivers of economic growth and important units of local governance within a nation. The development and growth of a nation, is influenced to a large extent by its cities. The Smart Cities concept relies on fostering a balanced confluence of two mega trends: Rapid Global Urbanization and Digital Technologies 4.0 revolution. These trends have consequences on our efforts to improve liveability for citizens, enhance human capital and transform the relationship between Government, Civil Society and Market Players in an environmentally, sustainable and inclusive manner. The governance of cities is determined by the functioning of Municipalities. They are the key agents that provide the enablers into making a city ‘Smart’. With this view, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs is launching the first ever Municipal Performance Index 2019 to assess and analyse the performance of Municipalities across the country in all 100 Smart Cities and million plus population cities, based on their defined set of functions. The assessment will examine the sectoral performance of Municipalities across a set of five verticals namely Services; Finance; Technology; Planning and Governance which include 20 sectors (Education, Health, Water & Wastewater, SWM & MESSAGE Sanitation, Registration & Permits, Infrastructure, Revenue Management,
    [Show full text]
  • List of Hospitals Around the Mumbai Pune Expressway
    List of Hospitals around the Mumbai Pune Expressway Name of the Address Contact Details Hospital Pawana Hospital Pawana Hospital Numbers: 02114-221076/221077 [NABH Somatane Phata, Tal-Maval, District Helpline number: +917722049970 accredited] Pune-410506 Emergency Number: +918308817880 [email protected], [email protected] Varad Hospital Varad Hospital, kiwale, Dehu Road, (91)-257-2255561, 2251651 Pune - 412101 JeevanRekha Sr.28 Prabhu Complex, in front of 020 27674777 Hospital Repulic School, Old Mumbai Pune Hwy, (Govt.Hospital) Dehu Road, Maharashtra 412101. Aadhar Multi Old Mumbai - Pune Hwy, Pimpri- 092256 53798 Speciality Chinchwad, Hospital & ICU Maharashtra 412101 (Govt.Hospital) Panacea Hospital Unit 1: 141, Sai Arcade, Mission Unit 1: 9930451695 Compound, Line Ali, Unit2: 91 22 27469999 Panvel, Navi Mumbai-410206 Unit 2: Plot No.105/106, Sector- 8, New Panvel (E) Navi Mumbai-410206 Khalapur Primary Khalapur Primary Health Centre 7768047518 Health Khalapur-410202 [email protected] Centre/Khalapur Khalapur, District Raigarh District Hospital Raigad Hospital And Sau Vandana N.Tasgaonkar Education 02148-221501, 221502 Research Centre Complex, [email protected] Village: Diksal, Post: Koshane, Tal:Karjat, Dist: Raigarh 410201 Opp.Bhivpuri Road Station Maharashtra M G M Hospital 33, Sahitya Mandir Marg, 022- 61526666/Ext-900,901 (NABH Sector 4, Vashi, 022- 61526608/09/10 accredited) Navi Mumbai 27820076 Maharashtra- 400708 Emergency number- 14466 Toll free number- 18002665456 [email protected] Aundh Institute AiMS Hospital & Emergency Research Contact no: +91 (020) 2580 1000 / of Medical Centre 89750 44444 / 020-67400100 Sciences Near AiMS Square, Aundh Pune, Maharashtra=- 411007 Emergency Contact Number: 020 2588 2202 / 2580 1000 Mobile No:+91 89750 44444 Whatsapp 9168657400 Nigidri lokmanya Tilak Road, Sector No.
    [Show full text]
  • City Development Plan Pune Cantonment Board Jnnurm
    City Development Plan Pune Cantonment Board JnNURM DRAFT REPORT, NOVEMBER 2013 CREATIONS ENGINEER’S PRIVATE LIMITED City Development Plan – Pune Cantonment Board JnNURM Abbreviations WORDS ARV Annual Rental Value CDP City Development Plan CEO Chief Executive Officer CIP City Investment Plan CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation FOP Financial Operating Plan JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission KDMC Kalyan‐Dombivali Municipal Corporation LBT Local Body Tax MoUD Ministry of Urban Development MSW Municipal Solid Waste O&M Operation and Maintenance PCB Pune Cantonment Board PCMC Pimpri‐Chinchwad Municipal Corporation PCNTDA Pimpri‐Chinchwad New Town Development Authority PMC Pune Municipal Corporation PMPML Pune MahanagarParivahanMahamandal Limited PPP Public Private Partnership SLB Service Level Benchmarks STP Sewerage Treatment Plant SWM Solid Waste Management WTP Water Treatment Plant UNITS 2 Draft Final Report City Development Plan – Pune Cantonment Board JnNURM Km Kilometer KW Kilo Watt LPCD Liter Per Capita Per Day M Meter MM Millimeter MLD Million Litres Per Day Rmt Running Meter Rs Rupees Sq. Km Square Kilometer Tn Tonne 3 Draft Final Report City Development Plan – Pune Cantonment Board JnNURM Contents ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................... 2 LIST OF TABLES .....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Mumbai Railway Vikas Corporation Limited Detailed Project Report for Proposed 3 & 4 Railway Lines Between Pune – Lonavala
    Detailed Project Report – 3rd & 4th Lines between Pune-Lonavala section (63. 84 Km) of Central Railway MUMBAI RAILWAY VIKAS CORPORATION LIMITED DETAILED PROJECT REPORT FOR PROPOSED 3RD & 4TH RAILWAY LINES BETWEEN PUNE – LONAVALA JUNE 2016 Mumbai Railway Vikas Corporation Ltd. Page 1 Detailed Project Report – 3rd & 4th Lines between Pune-Lonavala section (63. 84 Km) of Central Railway 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Brief History: rd th PECT Survey for 3 & 4 Line between Pune-Lonavala was sanctioned in 1997 – 98 and report was submitted to Railway Board in 2001 at a total cost of Rs.322.44 cr. Further, RECT survey for only 3rd line was sanctioned by Railway Board in 2011-12 and the Survey Report was under scrutiny at HQ. The work for Third B. G. Line between Pune -Lonavala was sanctioned by Railway Board vide Pink Book Item no. 22 of Demand No. 16 under Doubling for the year 2015-16 at the cost of Rs. 800 crores. Detailed Project Report with feasibility study and detailed construction estimate for proposed third B.G. line was prepared by Central Railway at a total cost of Rs. 943.60 Crore. It was sanctioned by Railway Board vide letter No. 2015/W1/NER/DL/BSB-MBS-ALD dated 31.03.2016 under Gross Budgetary support. The work has been assigned to Mumbai Railway Vikas Corporation Ltd (MRVC) vide Railway Board‟s letter No. 2015/W-1/Genl/Presentation/Pt dated 11.12.205. Hon‟ble Chief Minister of Government of Maharashtra vide his D.O. letter No. MRD-3315/CR44/UD-7 dated 23.02.2016 addressed to Hon‟ble Minister of Railways had requested for sanction of 3rd and 4th line between Pune – Lonavala to run suburban and main line train services.
    [Show full text]
  • By Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Vidyavachaspati (Doctor of Philosophy) Faculty for Moral and Social Sciences Department Of
    “A STUDY OF AN ECOLOGICAL PATHOLOGICAL AND BIO-CHEMICAL IMPACT OF URBANISATION AND INDUSTRIALISATION ON WATER POLLUTION OF BHIMA RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES PUNE DISTRICTS, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA” BY Dr. PRATAPRAO RAMGHANDRA DIGHAVKAR, I. P. S. THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF VIDYAVACHASPATI (DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY) FACULTY FOR MORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY TILAK MAHARASHTRA VIDHYAPEETH PUNE JUNE 2016 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the entire work embodied in this thesis entitled A STUDY OFECOLOGICAL PATHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL IMPACT OF URBANISATION AND INDUSTRILISATION ON WATER POLLUTION OF BHIMA RIVER AND Its TRIBUTARIES .PUNE DISTRICT FOR A PERIOD 2013-2015 has been carried out by the candidate DR.PRATAPRAO RAMCHANDRA DIGHAVKAR. I. P. S. under my supervision/guidance in Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune. Such materials as has been obtained by other sources and has been duly acknowledged in the thesis have not been submitted to any degree or diploma of any University or Institution previously. Date: / / 2016 Place: Pune. Dr.Prataprao Ramchatra Dighavkar, I.P.S. DECLARATION I hereby declare that this dissertation entitled A STUDY OF AN ECOLOGICAL PATHOLOGICAL AND BIO-CHEMICAL IMPACT OF URBANISNTION AND INDUSTRIALISATION ON WATER POLLUTION OF BHIMA RIVER AND Its TRIBUTARIES ,PUNE DISTRICT FOR A PERIOD 2013—2015 is written and submitted by me at the Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The present research work is of original nature and the conclusions are base on the data collected by me. To the best of my knowledge this piece of work has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any University or Institution.
    [Show full text]
  • Decentralisation and Municipalities
    DECENTRALISATION AND MUNICIPALITIES The 73rd and 74th Constitution Amendment Acts are sister legislations passed by the Parliament in 1992. The 73rd Constitution Amendment Act provided directions for the creation of Panchayats in the rural areas and the 74th Constitution Amendment Act provided for the creation of Municipalities in urban areas. The two legislations laid a broad framework for the setting up of Panchayats and Municipalities by the states. The legislations also stipulated a time limit within which the state governments were to enact conforming legislations to enable setting up of Panchayats and Municipalities, that is by the 1st of July 1994. Prior to the enactment of these two legislations, the functioning of the local bodies was totally dependent on the whims and fancies of the state governments. The supersession of the local bodies was a very common occurrence. Further, the vital arms necessary for the efficient functioning of the local bodies such as the District Planning Committee, Metropolitan Planning Committee, Wards Committee, State Election Commission etc., are either missing or not in a functional state. Although the setting up of these institutions has been made mandatory by the Constitution, in most states they are still not in place. The reasons for their absence or ineffectivity have been discussed in this paper. The legislation apart from laying broad criteria for constitution, composition of Municipalities, elections/removal of Mayor or Chairpersons, qualification/disqualification of membership, setting up of State Election Commission etc., left it to the state governments to prescribe the actual norms. This was done while keeping in mind the federal nature of our political system and also since a minority government was tabling the Bill in the Parliament and was dependent on other regional parties for its passage.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 120. QUASI-MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS OR DISTRICTS CHAPTER 120 QUASI-MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS OR DISTRICTS §2351. Definition
    MRS Title 30-A, Chapter 120. QUASI-MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS OR DISTRICTS CHAPTER 120 QUASI-MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS OR DISTRICTS §2351. Definitions As used in this chapter, unless the context indicates otherwise, the following terms have the following meanings. [PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. A, §2 (NEW); PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. C, §106 (NEW); PL 1989, c. 6 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 9, §2 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 104, Pt. C, §§8, 10 (AMD).] 1. Affected municipalities. "Affected municipalities" means all those municipalities which, in whole or in part, lie within the boundaries of the quasi-municipal corporation or district. [PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. A, §2 (NEW); PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. C, §106 (NEW); PL 1989, c. 6 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 9, §2 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 104, Pt. C, §§8, 10 (AMD).] 2. Charter amendment. "Charter amendment" means a change in the charter of a quasi-municipal corporation or district which is not a charter revision. [PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. A, §2 (NEW); PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. C, §106 (NEW); PL 1989, c. 6 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 9, §2 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 104, Pt. C, §§8, 10 (AMD).] 3. Charter revision. "Charter revision" means a change in the charter of a quasi-municipal corporation or district which has an effect on: A. The number of or method of selecting trustees; [PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. A, §2 (NEW); PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. C, §106 (NEW); PL 1989, c. 6 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 9, §2 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 104, Pt. C, §§8, 10 (AMD).] B.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Area Types of Urban Area
    URBAN AREA TYPES OF URBAN AREA • An urban area is the region surrounding a city. Most inhabitants of urban areas have non-agricultural jobs. Urban areas are very developed, meaning there is a density of human structures such as houses, commercial buildings, roads, bridges, and railways. • "Urban area" can refer to towns, cities, and suburbs. An urban area includes the city itself, as well as the surrounding areas. Many urban areas are called metropolitan areas, or "greater," as in Greater New York or Greater London. • An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment. Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities, towns, conurbations or suburbs. • In urbanism, the term contrasts to rural areas such as villages and hamlets and in urban sociology or urban anthropology it contrasts with natural environment. • The creation of early predecessors of urban areas during the urban revolution led to the creation of human civilization with modern urban planning, which along with other human activities such as exploitation of natural resources leads to human impact on the environment. • The world's urban population in 1950 of just 746 million has increased to 3.9 billion in the decades since. • In 2009, the number of people living in urban areas (3.42 billion) surpassed the number living in rural areas (3.41 billion) and since then the world has become more urban than rural. • This was the first time that the majority of the world's population lived in a city. • In 2014 there were 7.2 billion people living on the planet, of which the global urban population comprised 3.9 billion.
    [Show full text]
  • Functional V. Jurisdictional Analysis of Metropolitan Areas (The Demographia City Sector Model) June 6, 2014
    Functional v. Jurisdictional Analysis of Metropolitan Areas (The Demographia City Sector Model) June 6, 2014 The City Sector Model is not dependent upon municipal boundaries (the term "city" is generic, and refers to cities in their functional sense, metropolitan areas, or in their physical sense, urban areas). Not being constrained by municipal boundaries is important because core municipalities vary substantially. For example, the core municipality represents less than 10 percent of the population of Atlanta, while the core municipality represents more than 60 percent of the population of San Antonio. The City Sector Model applies data available from the US Census Bureau to estimate the population and distribution of Pre-Auto Urban Cores in a consistent manner. At the same time, the approach is materially different from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) classification of "principal cities." It also differs from the Brookings Institution "primary cities," which is based on the OMB approach. The OMB-based classifications classify municipalities using employment data, without regard to urban form, density or other variables that are associated with the urban core. These classifications are useful and acknowledge that the monocentric nature of US metropolitan areas has evolved to polycentricity. However, non-urban-core principal cities and primary cities are themselves, with few exceptions, functionally suburban. The criteria in the City Sector Model are calibrated to the 2010 US Census and is applied to major metropolitan areas
    [Show full text]
  • Three Models of Urban Growth (Land Use)
    CHANGING CITIES: Three Models of Urban Growth (Land Use) The study of urban land use generally draws from three different descriptive models. These models were developed to generalize about the patterns of urban land use found in early industrial cities of the U.S. Because the shape and form of American cities changed over time, new models of urban land were developed to describe an urban landscape that was becoming increasingly complex and differentiated. Further, because these are general models devised to understand the overall patterns of land use, none of them can accurately describe patterns of urban land use in all cities. In fact, all of these models have been criticized for being more applicable to cities in the U.S. than to cities of other nations. Other criticisms have focused on the fact that the models are static; they describe patterns of urban land use in a generic city, but do not describe the process by which land use changes. Despite these criticisms, these models continue to be useful generalizations of the way in which land is devoted to different uses within the city. Below, we will examine the Concentric Zone Model, Sector Model and Multiple Nuclei Model of urban land use. Concentric Zone Model: The concentric zone model was among the early descriptions of urban form. Originated by Earnest Burgess in the 1920s, the concentric zone model depicts the use of urban land as a set of concentric rings with each ring devoted to a different land use (see Figure 1). The model was based on Burgess’s observations of Chicago during the early years of the 20th century.
    [Show full text]