Lecture-03 M.A.(Semester-II) PAPER-8 Urban Sociology SECTOR THEORY Dr. Shankar Kumar Lal University Department of Sociology Lalit Narayan Mithila University Kameshwarnagar,Darbhanga E-mail: [email protected] Mobile: +91-8252199182 SECTOR TH EORY The sector model, also known as the Hoyt model, is a model of urban land use proposed in 1939 by land economist Homer Hoyt. It is a modification of the concentric zone model of city development. HOMERHOYT(1895–1984) Sector Model . SectorModel . States that a city develops in sectors,not rings. Certain areas are more attractive for different activities because of an environmental factor or by mere chance. Hoyt modified the concentric zone model to account for major transportation routes Most major cities evolved around the nexus of several important transport facilities such as railroads, sea ports, and trolly lines that eminated from the city's center. Hoyt theorized that cities would tend to grow in wedge-shaped patterns, or sectors, eminating from the CBD and centered on major transportation routes He posited a CBDaround which other land uses cluster It is a monocentric representation of urban areas But important factor is not distance from CBDas in the concentric zone model, but direction away from CBD As growth occurs, similaractivities stay in the same area and extend outwards The Hoyt model realized that transportation (in particular) and access to resources caused a disruption of the Burgess model. DIFFERENTSECTORS Industry Industry follows rivers,canals, railroads, or roads Lower class workers work here. Paid little, bad working conditions. Produces goods or other domestic products for city Low Class Residential Low income housing Near railroads that feed factories or Inhabitants tend to work in factories Live near industry to reduce transportation costs Pollution or poor environmental conditions due to industry (traffic, noise and pollution make it cheap) Middle Class Residential More desirable area because it is further from industry and pollution Access to transportation lines for working people who work in the CBD, making transport easier largest residential area High Class Residential . Housing on outermost edge Furthest away from industry Quiet, clean, less traffic Corridor or spine extending from CBD to edge has best housing. +VE & -VE Where it does and doesn’t apply (some weaknesses) Applies well toChicago Low cost housing is near industry and transportation proving Hoyt’s model Theory based on 20th century and does not take into account cars which make commerce easier With cars, people can live anywhere and further from the city and still travel to the CBD using their car. Not only do high-class residents have cars, but also middle and lower class people may havecars. CASE STUDY (SHIVAJINAGAR, INDIA) Shivajinagar is an area in the heart Pune city. This is the most important area of the city as the district court (Pune), Pune Municipal Corporation, College of Engineering (Pune), Agricultural College (Pune), Shivaji preparatory military school etc. are located in this area. The bus stand at Shivajinagar connects the city to destinations in the state of Maharashtra. CaseStudy Shivajinagar Railway Station is an important station for the suburban railway traffic of Pune This area also has roads like the Ambedkar road (University road) which links Pune Railway Station area to Pune University and Aundh via Shivajinagar and Mumbai -Pune old road which links Dehu Road to Pune Railway Station area via Shivajinagar, Khadki,Pimpri,Chinchwad, and Nigdi. SHIVAJINAGAR SECTORMODEL Benefits .Greater housing varietyand density reduced distancesbetween housing, workplaces, retailbusinesses, and other destinations .More compact development stronger neighborhood character .Pedestrian and bicycle-friendly environments THANKS.